Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.21276/ierj24653236801147
A. Megha, Dr. S. Joyce Jeyarani
Test anxiety is a type of performance anxiety that can affect people of all ages, including adolescents. It is characterized by psychological, physiological, and behavioural reactions related to concerns about obtaining a negative result in an evaluative situation. The study aims to measure the level of exam anxiety among school student and to find out the association or difference between independent variables and test anxietyvariable. The sample size of the study is 50 students appearing for the public exam. The researcher used descriptive research design. Westside Test anxiety tool with good reliability and validity was used.Fifty students from 10th, 11th and 12th std were the samples for the study using stratified proportionate random sampling. Findings show that 37% of respondent hadmoderate high level of test anxiety. ‘t’ test result shows that there is statistically significant difference between female and male students with regard to their test anxiety. Chi-square result shows that there is no association between the type of family and level of test anxiety. The researcher suggests anxiety reduction strategies that will not impair the test performance rather reduce the test anxiety.
{"title":"TEST ANXIETY AMONG SCHOOL STUDENTS APPEARING FOR PUBLIC EXAM AT A GOVT HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL, MADURAI","authors":"A. Megha, Dr. S. Joyce Jeyarani","doi":"10.21276/ierj24653236801147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ierj24653236801147","url":null,"abstract":"Test anxiety is a type of performance anxiety that can affect people of all ages, including adolescents. It is characterized by psychological, physiological, and behavioural reactions related to concerns about obtaining a negative result in an evaluative situation. The study aims to measure the level of exam anxiety among school student and to find out the association or difference between independent variables and test anxietyvariable. The sample size of the study is 50 students appearing for the public exam. The researcher used descriptive research design. Westside Test anxiety tool with good reliability and validity was used.Fifty students from 10th, 11th and 12th std were the samples for the study using stratified proportionate random sampling. Findings show that 37% of respondent hadmoderate high level of test anxiety. ‘t’ test result shows that there is statistically significant difference between female and male students with regard to their test anxiety. Chi-square result shows that there is no association between the type of family and level of test anxiety. The researcher suggests anxiety reduction strategies that will not impair the test performance rather reduce the test anxiety.","PeriodicalId":91882,"journal":{"name":"International education and research journal","volume":"423 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140455407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.21276/ierj24737981092606
Khushboo Patel, Dr. Shashi Kashyap, Dr. R. P. Agrawal
Fintech is considered as the vehicle of financial Inclusion. The research paper attempts to explain the impact of fintech on financial inclusion through various types of digital banking activities. The research paper mainly focuses to analyse the growth of digital banking activities with the help of fintech to achieve complete financial inclusion. India has also witnessed the miracle of fintech in the field of banking & finance sector (Prateek Roongta, and Karthik Raghupathy n.d.). Complete financial inclusion is a step towards developing a cashless economy. With the help of fintech services and fintech software people conducting their daily activities related to money is now a piece of cake. Hence, the paper is attempted to analyse the growth in digital banking with the help of financial technology. This study also analyses the measurements of currency, the enablers for payment systems, and the measures of electronic payments. The paper studies the measures of cash, electronic payments, and the enablers for payment systems, over the last 5 years. To ascertain the changes in India, if any, from cash to digital payments. It has discussed the enormous opportunities that recent financial innovations offer, but also the risks that might come from them.
{"title":"FOOTPRINTS OF FINTECH ON FINANCIAL INCLUSION – EVIDENCE FROM DIGITAL BANKING SYSTEM","authors":"Khushboo Patel, Dr. Shashi Kashyap, Dr. R. P. Agrawal","doi":"10.21276/ierj24737981092606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ierj24737981092606","url":null,"abstract":"Fintech is considered as the vehicle of financial Inclusion. The research paper attempts to explain the impact of fintech on financial inclusion through various types of digital banking activities. The research paper mainly focuses to analyse the growth of digital banking activities with the help of fintech to achieve complete financial inclusion. India has also witnessed the miracle of fintech in the field of banking & finance sector (Prateek Roongta, and Karthik Raghupathy n.d.). Complete financial inclusion is a step towards developing a cashless economy. With the help of fintech services and fintech software people conducting their daily activities related to money is now a piece of cake. Hence, the paper is attempted to analyse the growth in digital banking with the help of financial technology. This study also analyses the measurements of currency, the enablers for payment systems, and the measures of electronic payments. The paper studies the measures of cash, electronic payments, and the enablers for payment systems, over the last 5 years. To ascertain the changes in India, if any, from cash to digital payments. It has discussed the enormous opportunities that recent financial innovations offer, but also the risks that might come from them.","PeriodicalId":91882,"journal":{"name":"International education and research journal","volume":"120 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140455485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.21276/ierj24174860457706
Areej Parvez
The Supreme Court's role in shaping reproductive rights for women in the United States has been significant since the landmark ruling in Roe v. Wade in 1973. However, the ongoing debate over access to reproductive healthcare and abortion rights persisted, leading to the recent overturning of Roe v. Wade in 2022. This research explores the impact of legislative laws on abortion in the United States, focusing on the Dobbs v. Jackson case and its aftermath. This research discusses how trigger bans and gestational bans have resulted in a rapid decline in access to abortion services, particularly for marginalized communities. It also highlights the impact of these laws on young pregnant girls, who already face limited abortion options due to existing restrictions. This research further examines the role of culture in shaping views on abortion, including religious beliefs, stigma, and geographical location. It concludes by discussing the shift from pro-life to pro-choice views among Americans and the need for increased media coverage and advocacy campaigns to challenge stigma and humanize the abortion experience.
{"title":"HOW CULTURE AFFECTS ABORTION LAWS AND ITS IMPACTS","authors":"Areej Parvez","doi":"10.21276/ierj24174860457706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ierj24174860457706","url":null,"abstract":"The Supreme Court's role in shaping reproductive rights for women in the United States has been significant since the landmark ruling in Roe v. Wade in 1973. However, the ongoing debate over access to reproductive healthcare and abortion rights persisted, leading to the recent overturning of Roe v. Wade in 2022. This research explores the impact of legislative laws on abortion in the United States, focusing on the Dobbs v. Jackson case and its aftermath. This research discusses how trigger bans and gestational bans have resulted in a rapid decline in access to abortion services, particularly for marginalized communities. It also highlights the impact of these laws on young pregnant girls, who already face limited abortion options due to existing restrictions. This research further examines the role of culture in shaping views on abortion, including religious beliefs, stigma, and geographical location. It concludes by discussing the shift from pro-life to pro-choice views among Americans and the need for increased media coverage and advocacy campaigns to challenge stigma and humanize the abortion experience.","PeriodicalId":91882,"journal":{"name":"International education and research journal","volume":"237 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140455848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.21276/ierj24623508465335
M. Yasin Pir, Bintul Islam
The purpose of the present study is to assess the attitude of teacher educators in relation to gender, qualification and experience towards the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in teaching learning process. The survey was conducted in 10 Government and Private Teacher Education Institutions of Kashmir Division (UT of J&K, India). Descriptive survey method was employed for the present investigation. Stratified sampling technique was used to select the sample of 100 teacher educators teaching in government and private institutions. Data collection technique employed in this present study was Attitude Scale towards Information Technology for Teachers (ASTITT-IN) by Nasrin and Islahi (2012). The data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics such as Mean, Standard Deviation, percentage and t-test. The study reveals that there was no significant difference in the attitudes between male and female teacher educators. However, a notable distinction emerged in the attitudes of teacher educators from government and private institutions was that the teacher educators from government institutions were found to possess higher level of favourable attitude towards ICT. The study also delved into the impact of professional experience on teacher educators' attitudes towards ICT integration and the findings indicate a noticeable difference based on the participants' experience levels. A small subset of educators exhibited a highly positive attitude towards ICT integration while the majority displayed a generally positive orientation. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing insights into the nuanced perspectives of teacher educators in both government and private institutions regarding ICT integration. The identified variations based on institutional affiliation and experience levels underscore the need for tailored strategies and interventions to foster a more widespread positive attitude towards the incorporation of ICT tools in the education sector and prepare teachers to teach effectively with technology.
{"title":"ASSESSING THE ATTITUDE OF TEACHER EDUCATORS TOWARDS THE INTEGRATION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) IN TEACHING LEARNING PROCESS","authors":"M. Yasin Pir, Bintul Islam","doi":"10.21276/ierj24623508465335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ierj24623508465335","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the present study is to assess the attitude of teacher educators in relation to gender, qualification and experience towards the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in teaching learning process. The survey was conducted in 10 Government and Private Teacher Education Institutions of Kashmir Division (UT of J&K, India). Descriptive survey method was employed for the present investigation. Stratified sampling technique was used to select the sample of 100 teacher educators teaching in government and private institutions. Data collection technique employed in this present study was Attitude Scale towards Information Technology for Teachers (ASTITT-IN) by Nasrin and Islahi (2012). The data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics such as Mean, Standard Deviation, percentage and t-test. The study reveals that there was no significant difference in the attitudes between male and female teacher educators. However, a notable distinction emerged in the attitudes of teacher educators from government and private institutions was that the teacher educators from government institutions were found to possess higher level of favourable attitude towards ICT. The study also delved into the impact of professional experience on teacher educators' attitudes towards ICT integration and the findings indicate a noticeable difference based on the participants' experience levels. A small subset of educators exhibited a highly positive attitude towards ICT integration while the majority displayed a generally positive orientation. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing insights into the nuanced perspectives of teacher educators in both government and private institutions regarding ICT integration. The identified variations based on institutional affiliation and experience levels underscore the need for tailored strategies and interventions to foster a more widespread positive attitude towards the incorporation of ICT tools in the education sector and prepare teachers to teach effectively with technology.","PeriodicalId":91882,"journal":{"name":"International education and research journal","volume":"42 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140455973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.21276/ierj24693946270865
Sangeetha U., Dr. Salini K.
The present study titled “Influence of television serials on the emotional stability of homemakers” aims to discussed about the relationship between demographic features such as age, gender, marital status and education qualification of home makers who are regularly watching television serials on emotional stability and the reasons for watching television serials. Convenience sampling method was adopted for the selection of sample of 97 homemakers in Palakkad district. Friedman test, independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA was adopted to study the relationship. It was found that there is no substantial difference between age, gender of the homemakers on emotional stability. But the factor marital status and education qualification has a significant relation with the emotional stability. Relaxation is found to be the most important reason for watching television serials by the homemakers.
本研究题为 "电视连续剧对家庭主妇情绪稳定性的影响"，旨在讨论经常观看电视连续剧的家庭主妇的年龄、性别、婚姻状况和教育程度等人口特征与情绪稳定性之间的关系，以及观看电视连续剧的原因。研究采用便利抽样法，选取了帕拉卡德地区的 97 名家庭主妇作为样本。采用弗里德曼检验、独立样本 t 检验和单因素方差分析来研究两者之间的关系。结果发现，家庭主妇的年龄和性别在情绪稳定性方面没有实质性差异。但婚姻状况和学历因素与情绪稳定性有显著关系。放松是家庭主妇观看电视连续剧的最重要原因。
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF TELEVISION SERIALS ON THE EMOTIONAL STABILITY OF HOMEMAKERS","authors":"Sangeetha U., Dr. Salini K.","doi":"10.21276/ierj24693946270865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ierj24693946270865","url":null,"abstract":"The present study titled “Influence of television serials on the emotional stability of homemakers” aims to discussed about the relationship between demographic features such as age, gender, marital status and education qualification of home makers who are regularly watching television serials on emotional stability and the reasons for watching television serials. Convenience sampling method was adopted for the selection of sample of 97 homemakers in Palakkad district. Friedman test, independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA was adopted to study the relationship. It was found that there is no substantial difference between age, gender of the homemakers on emotional stability. But the factor marital status and education qualification has a significant relation with the emotional stability. Relaxation is found to be the most important reason for watching television serials by the homemakers.","PeriodicalId":91882,"journal":{"name":"International education and research journal","volume":"27 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140456016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.21276/ierj24629795294736
Smruti Sudeshna Panda, Dr. Lakshmipriya Malla, Dr. Rasmi Ranjan Puhan
Present study was conducted to find out the level of attitude of secondary school teachers towards inclusive education in relation to their gender, types of management and length of experience following descriptive survey research method on a randomly selected sample of 80 teachers with help of a standardized attitude scale. After analysis and interpretation of data through inferential statistical techniques it was found that most of the teachers were having highly favourable attitude towards inclusive education and gender, types of management and length of experience had no any significant effect on the level of attitude of the secondary school teachers towards inclusive education.
{"title":"ATTITUDE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS TOWARDS INCLUSIVE EDUCATION","authors":"Smruti Sudeshna Panda, Dr. Lakshmipriya Malla, Dr. Rasmi Ranjan Puhan","doi":"10.21276/ierj24629795294736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ierj24629795294736","url":null,"abstract":"Present study was conducted to find out the level of attitude of secondary school teachers towards inclusive education in relation to their gender, types of management and length of experience following descriptive survey research method on a randomly selected sample of 80 teachers with help of a standardized attitude scale. After analysis and interpretation of data through inferential statistical techniques it was found that most of the teachers were having highly favourable attitude towards inclusive education and gender, types of management and length of experience had no any significant effect on the level of attitude of the secondary school teachers towards inclusive education.","PeriodicalId":91882,"journal":{"name":"International education and research journal","volume":"161 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140455801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.21276/ierj24446196436346
Peter Moywaywa
This comprehensive review scrutinizes the progress and challenges in the field of autoimmunity, with a particular focus on the United States. It assesses the intricate roles of immunosuppressive medications, their benefits, and their significant drawbacks, such as increased susceptibility to infections. Emphasizing the need for further research, the paper highlights the criticality of a deeper understanding of the immune system's response to both endogenous and exogenous substances to devise more targeted treatments. Current trends post-COVID-19 and the heightened risks among women due to genetic predispositions are also explored, underscoring the urgency for advancements in autoimmune research.
{"title":"ADVANCEMENTS AND DRAWBACKS IN AUTOIMMUNITY: A HOLISTIC REVIEW","authors":"Peter Moywaywa","doi":"10.21276/ierj24446196436346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ierj24446196436346","url":null,"abstract":"This comprehensive review scrutinizes the progress and challenges in the field of autoimmunity, with a particular focus on the United States. It assesses the intricate roles of immunosuppressive medications, their benefits, and their significant drawbacks, such as increased susceptibility to infections. Emphasizing the need for further research, the paper highlights the criticality of a deeper understanding of the immune system's response to both endogenous and exogenous substances to devise more targeted treatments. Current trends post-COVID-19 and the heightened risks among women due to genetic predispositions are also explored, underscoring the urgency for advancements in autoimmune research.","PeriodicalId":91882,"journal":{"name":"International education and research journal","volume":"160 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140455802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.21276/ierj24440884608748
Debashis Dutta, Dr. Babita Chaudhary
The purpose of the study was to explore the job satisfaction of college teachers in the era of the New Education Policy. The education landscape is ever-evolving, and policy changes play a pivotal role in shaping the experiences of educators. The implementation of a new education policy marks a significant shift in the way academic institutions operate. As educational systems transform, such as the implementation of a new policy, it is imperative to investigate the effects on the individuals directly involved in its execution. In this context, college teachers play a pivotal role in shaping the educational landscape, and their job satisfaction is crucial for fostering a positive learning environment. This study aims to investigate the impact of the recently introduced education policy on job satisfaction among college teachers and to assess the specific ways in which the new education policy influences various aspects of job satisfaction among college teachers, including workload, professional development opportunities, teaching methodologies, and overall job contentment. Understanding the impact of the new education policy on job satisfaction is crucial for fostering a positive and conducive working environment for college teachers. The findings of this research are expected to contribute valuable insights to educational policymakers, administrators, and educators, facilitating informed decision-making to enhance the overall quality of education and the professional lives of college teachers. As educational institutions continue to adapt to the evolving landscape, this study provides a timely exploration of the intricate relationship between policy changes and the job satisfaction of those at the forefront of the teaching profession.
{"title":"IMPACT OF THE NEW EDUCATION POLICY ON JOB SATISFACTION AMONG COLLEGE TEACHERS","authors":"Debashis Dutta, Dr. Babita Chaudhary","doi":"10.21276/ierj24440884608748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ierj24440884608748","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to explore the job satisfaction of college teachers in the era of the New Education Policy. The education landscape is ever-evolving, and policy changes play a pivotal role in shaping the experiences of educators. The implementation of a new education policy marks a significant shift in the way academic institutions operate. As educational systems transform, such as the implementation of a new policy, it is imperative to investigate the effects on the individuals directly involved in its execution. In this context, college teachers play a pivotal role in shaping the educational landscape, and their job satisfaction is crucial for fostering a positive learning environment. This study aims to investigate the impact of the recently introduced education policy on job satisfaction among college teachers and to assess the specific ways in which the new education policy influences various aspects of job satisfaction among college teachers, including workload, professional development opportunities, teaching methodologies, and overall job contentment. Understanding the impact of the new education policy on job satisfaction is crucial for fostering a positive and conducive working environment for college teachers. \u0000The findings of this research are expected to contribute valuable insights to educational policymakers, administrators, and educators, facilitating informed decision-making to enhance the overall quality of education and the professional lives of college teachers. As educational institutions continue to adapt to the evolving landscape, this study provides a timely exploration of the intricate relationship between policy changes and the job satisfaction of those at the forefront of the teaching profession.","PeriodicalId":91882,"journal":{"name":"International education and research journal","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140455981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.21276/ierj24046776068473
Surabhi Agrawal, Dr. Avinash Singh
Impulse buying behaviour is a significant factor as marketers try to tap this behavior of customers to boost sales. The aim of this research is to explore the factors that have an influence on consumers’ impulse buying behaviour for apparels. A self administered questionnaire developed from the literature was administered to 109 consumers. Data have been analysed by using SPSS 22 for correlation and regression. The resulted values for the construct store environment, sales promotion and person’s situation, show positive significant influences with impulse buying, whereas the construct product qualities and shopping enjoyment tendency have an adverse effect on impulse purchase. The study provides merchants, academics, and scholars with helpful knowledge into the impulse buying behavior of Indian buyers, as well as the implications for the management of retailers. This study was restricted to Uttar Pradesh customers and apparel just.
{"title":"FACTORS AFFECTING CONSUMERS’ IMPULSE BUYING BEHAVIOUR FOR APPARELS:","authors":"Surabhi Agrawal, Dr. Avinash Singh","doi":"10.21276/ierj24046776068473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ierj24046776068473","url":null,"abstract":"Impulse buying behaviour is a significant factor as marketers try to tap this behavior of customers to boost sales. The aim of this research is to explore the factors that have an influence on consumers’ impulse buying behaviour for apparels. A self administered questionnaire developed from the literature was administered to 109 consumers. Data have been analysed by using SPSS 22 for correlation and regression. The resulted values for the construct store environment, sales promotion and person’s situation, show positive significant influences with impulse buying, whereas the construct product qualities and shopping enjoyment tendency have an adverse effect on impulse purchase. The study provides merchants, academics, and scholars with helpful knowledge into the impulse buying behavior of Indian buyers, as well as the implications for the management of retailers. This study was restricted to Uttar Pradesh customers and apparel just.","PeriodicalId":91882,"journal":{"name":"International education and research journal","volume":"605 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140455219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.21276/ierj24104140318893
Dharam Vir Singh
In optics interferometers are used for precision measurements. In interferometry two waves of light are superimposed to generate interference fringes. The interference pattern is observed and analyzed to measure physical process. Gustaf Wilhelm Hammar conducted an experiment in the year 1935 to test aether drag hypothesis. The null results of this experiment were interpreted in consistent with special theory of relativity. Hammar used common path interferometer and observed the changes in interference fringes due to motion of earth. The present work describes that when there is no aether and no medium drags the light in its direction of motion than what will be the behaviour of light.The analysis has been made according to classical mechanics keeping in view Huygen’s principle by tracking the pathways of both the rays of light.It is established that speed of light is independent of velocity of any object,apparatus or any observer and there is no effect of motion of earth.The null results of Hoek’s experiment and Hammar experiment are in consistent with classical mechanics.
在光学领域，干涉仪用于精确测量。在干涉测量中，两道光波叠加产生干涉条纹。通过观察和分析干涉图案来测量物理过程。1935 年，古斯塔夫-威廉-哈玛尔（Gustaf Wilhelm Hammar）进行了一项实验，以检验乙太阻力假说。该实验的无效结果被解释为与狭义相对论一致。哈马使用共同路径干涉仪，观察地球运动导致干涉条纹的变化。本作品描述了当没有乙太、没有介质拖曳光的运动方向时，光的行为会是怎样的。根据经典力学，并考虑到惠根原理，通过追踪两条光线的路径进行了分析。
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF NULL RESULTS OF HAMMAR EXPERIMENT BY CLASSICAL MECHANICS WITHOUT SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY","authors":"Dharam Vir Singh","doi":"10.21276/ierj24104140318893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ierj24104140318893","url":null,"abstract":"In optics interferometers are used for precision measurements. In interferometry two waves of light are superimposed to generate interference fringes. The interference pattern is observed and analyzed to measure physical process. Gustaf Wilhelm Hammar conducted an experiment in the year 1935 to test aether drag hypothesis. The null results of this experiment were interpreted in consistent with special theory of relativity. Hammar used common path interferometer and observed the changes in interference fringes due to motion of earth. The present work describes that when there is no aether and no medium drags the light in its direction of motion than what will be the behaviour of light.The analysis has been made according to classical mechanics keeping in view Huygen’s principle by tracking the pathways of both the rays of light.It is established that speed of light is independent of velocity of any object,apparatus or any observer and there is no effect of motion of earth.The null results of Hoek’s experiment and Hammar experiment are in consistent with classical mechanics.","PeriodicalId":91882,"journal":{"name":"International education and research journal","volume":"239 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140455470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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