This study was focused on identifying and characterizing the ecological microbial communities in soil samples from Akoko communities in Akoko South West Local Government area, and Akure, the State capital, Ondo State, Nigeria. Parameters such as soil temperature, pH, and some biochemical characteristics of the microbial communities were determined. The total viable bacterial counts estimated for this purpose ranged from 58 x 10 7 cfu
{"title":"Ecological Niche of Some Wetland Microbes","authors":"A. Ajayi","doi":"10.9734/bmrj/2016/24073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bmrj/2016/24073","url":null,"abstract":"This study was focused on identifying and characterizing the ecological microbial communities in soil samples from Akoko communities in Akoko South West Local Government area, and Akure, the State capital, Ondo State, Nigeria. Parameters such as soil temperature, pH, and some biochemical characteristics of the microbial communities were determined. The total viable bacterial counts estimated for this purpose ranged from 58 x 10 7 cfu","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":"321 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76290327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geroge Kilande, J. Tenywa, M. Rwakaikara-Silver, Alice Amoding-Katushabe
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbial and biochemical changes in fermenting urine, a practice used by farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa before its application as a soil fertility input. Methodology: Two 5-litre sterile plastic containers, with a closable ends were each filled with fresh urine to capacity. One container was closed and the other left open. The set-up was replicated three times. Twenty millitres of fresh urine was taken from the bulk collection for microbial and chemical analysis. Urine samples were also taken and analysed at 4-day fermentation intervals till 24 days. Results: Fresh urine had pH=8.2 and contained Aspergillus spp. and Escherichia coli , with the latter being dominant. After 12 days of fermentation, Penicillium spp. and Pseudomonas spp. emerged and progressively increased, especially under the closed system. Whereas Aspergillus spp. counts increased in both systems, E. coli counts dropped dramatically and eventually disappeared at 16 days. The pH in the open system surged to 9.7, while that of the closed containers remained nearly stable (8.2). Organic N was not significantly (p>0.05) affected by closure of the containers. In the open system, Organic N concentration dropped up to 72%. However, NH 4 -N concentration increased steadily in the closed system until day 24; but dropped dramatically in the open system. Nitrate concentration increased slightly up to day 8, and thereafter, declined sharply by 97% in the open system. Similarly, in the closed system, this N species dwindled progressively but not to extinction. Conclusion: There is a shift in microbial communities in urine from Aspergillus spp. and Escherichia coli in fresh urine to Penicillium spp. and Pseudomonas spp. 12 days after the onset of fermentation. Nitrate-N is favoured by the open system, while the ammonium-N increased more in the closed system.
{"title":"Cattle Urine as a Fertiliser: Micro-biochemical Changes in Fermenting Cattle Urine and Implications on Plant Nutrient Conservation","authors":"Geroge Kilande, J. Tenywa, M. Rwakaikara-Silver, Alice Amoding-Katushabe","doi":"10.9734/bmrj/2016/18323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bmrj/2016/18323","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbial and biochemical changes in fermenting urine, a practice used by farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa before its application as a soil fertility input. Methodology: Two 5-litre sterile plastic containers, with a closable ends were each filled with fresh urine to capacity. One container was closed and the other left open. The set-up was replicated three times. Twenty millitres of fresh urine was taken from the bulk collection for microbial and chemical analysis. Urine samples were also taken and analysed at 4-day fermentation intervals till 24 days. Results: Fresh urine had pH=8.2 and contained Aspergillus spp. and Escherichia coli , with the latter being dominant. After 12 days of fermentation, Penicillium spp. and Pseudomonas spp. emerged and progressively increased, especially under the closed system. Whereas Aspergillus spp. counts increased in both systems, E. coli counts dropped dramatically and eventually disappeared at 16 days. The pH in the open system surged to 9.7, while that of the closed containers remained nearly stable (8.2). Organic N was not significantly (p>0.05) affected by closure of the containers. In the open system, Organic N concentration dropped up to 72%. However, NH 4 -N concentration increased steadily in the closed system until day 24; but dropped dramatically in the open system. Nitrate concentration increased slightly up to day 8, and thereafter, declined sharply by 97% in the open system. Similarly, in the closed system, this N species dwindled progressively but not to extinction. Conclusion: There is a shift in microbial communities in urine from Aspergillus spp. and Escherichia coli in fresh urine to Penicillium spp. and Pseudomonas spp. 12 days after the onset of fermentation. Nitrate-N is favoured by the open system, while the ammonium-N increased more in the closed system.","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87015088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Sessou, C. Boko, G. Hounmanou, S. Osseni, Eustache C. Hounkpe, P. Azokpota, I. Youssao, D. Sohounhloue, S. Farougou
{"title":"Preservation of Traditional Cheese Wagashi Using Essential Oils: Impact on Microbiological, Physico-chemical and Sensorial Characteristics","authors":"P. Sessou, C. Boko, G. Hounmanou, S. Osseni, Eustache C. Hounkpe, P. Azokpota, I. Youssao, D. Sohounhloue, S. Farougou","doi":"10.9734/bmrj/2016/27536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bmrj/2016/27536","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88452881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arifatun Nahar, Mahfuza Marzan, M. Siddiquee, S. Nahar, K. S. Anwar, Salequl Islam
Introduction: Poultry farms (PFs) have appeared successful and wide spread business-industry in Bangladesh, which often remains contaminated with various hazardous microorganisms when standard hygiene practices are compromised. We sought to investigate a zoonotic human pathogen, Providencia stuartii and their antibiotic resistance pattern in chicken droppings collected from local poultry farms in Savar area, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study to find the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria from chicken droppings in linked to antibiotic-uses and abuses in PFs. Random chicken droppings were collected from broiler type chickens, layer-chickens, and pre-starter broiler chickens to make samples representative. Following standard bacteriological culture, Original Research Article semisolid chicken-droppings were diluted aseptically, enriched in buffered peptone water, and then streaked onto a xylose-lysine-deoxycholate agar plate. Selected P. stuartii colonies were identified biochemically using API 20E ( BioMe´rieux ) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed following Kirby-Bauer (disk-diffusion) method. Results: We reported the isolation of P. stuartii for the first time in Bangladesh in chicken droppings collected from randomly selected local PFs. Red colored colonies without black centre on XLD medium were considered as presumptive Providencia stuartii that were subsequently confirmed by API 20E system. Six chicken-droppings revealed the presence of P. stuartii from a total 70 samples tested, showed a prevalence of 8.6% with overall farm prevalence is 71.4%. We took 11 isolates from the six positive samples to examine their antibiotic resistance and found 82% of them were resistant to nalidixic, 73% to ampicillin, and 54.5% to trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole. Relatively ciprofloxacin and gentamicin appeared more functional, where only 27.3% and 18.2% strains showed resistant, respectively. Over 54% of the isolates appeared resistant to >3 antibiotics and 36.4% with two different antibiotics. None of the isolates remained susceptible to all the 6 antibiotics tested. Conclusion: Detected MDR P. stuartii in chicken-droppings from local poultry farms may contribute their transmission to surrounding communities and may implicate serious biosecurity concern in environmental and food-safety issues in resource constraint countries, like, Bangladesh.
导论:家禽养殖场(PFs)在孟加拉国取得了成功，商业产业得到了广泛的发展，当标准卫生规范受到破坏时，这些养殖场往往仍然受到各种有害微生物的污染。我们试图调查从孟加拉国达卡Savar地区当地家禽养殖场收集的鸡粪便中的人畜共患病原体斯华普罗维登氏菌及其抗生素耐药性模式。材料和方法:我们进行了一项横断面研究，以发现鸡粪便中细菌对抗生素耐药性的流行程度与抗生素的使用和滥用有关。随机收集肉鸡型鸡、蛋鸡和前菜肉鸡的粪便，使样本具有代表性。在标准细菌学培养后，将半固体鸡粪便无菌稀释，在缓冲蛋白胨水中富集，然后将其涂布在木糖-赖氨酸-脱氧胆酸琼脂板上。采用API 20E (BioMe’rieux)对所选菌落进行生化鉴定，采用Kirby-Bauer(纸片扩散)法进行药敏试验。结果:在孟加拉国首次从随机抽取的鸡粪便中分离到斯达尔蒂疟原虫。XLD培养基上无黑色中心的红色菌落被认为是假定的斯图罗维登斯，随后用API 20E系统确认。共检测70个样本的6个鸡粪中发现了斯达华弧菌，其流行率为8.6%，总农场流行率为71.4%。我们从6份阳性样本中提取11株菌株进行抗生素耐药性检测，发现对萘啶酸耐药的占82%，对氨苄西林耐药的占73%，对甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑耐药的占54.5%。相对而言，环丙沙星和庆大霉素的功能更强，分别只有27.3%和18.2%的菌株出现耐药。超过54%的分离株对3种以上抗生素耐药，36.4%的分离株对2种不同抗生素耐药。没有一株菌株对所有6种抗生素都敏感。结论:在当地家禽养殖场的鸡粪中检测到的耐多药斯达里氏杆菌可能会导致其传播到周围社区，并可能在孟加拉国等资源匮乏国家的环境和食品安全问题中引起严重的生物安全问题。
{"title":"Multidrug Resistant Providencia stuartii in Chicken Droppings: Public Health Implications for Poultry Workers and Associated Communities in nearby Dhaka Metropolis, Bangladesh","authors":"Arifatun Nahar, Mahfuza Marzan, M. Siddiquee, S. Nahar, K. S. Anwar, Salequl Islam","doi":"10.9734/BMRJ/2016/25883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BMRJ/2016/25883","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Poultry farms (PFs) have appeared successful and wide spread business-industry in Bangladesh, which often remains contaminated with various hazardous microorganisms when standard hygiene practices are compromised. We sought to investigate a zoonotic human pathogen, Providencia stuartii and their antibiotic resistance pattern in chicken droppings collected from local poultry farms in Savar area, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study to find the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria from chicken droppings in linked to antibiotic-uses and abuses in PFs. Random chicken droppings were collected from broiler type chickens, layer-chickens, and pre-starter broiler chickens to make samples representative. Following standard bacteriological culture, Original Research Article semisolid chicken-droppings were diluted aseptically, enriched in buffered peptone water, and then streaked onto a xylose-lysine-deoxycholate agar plate. Selected P. stuartii colonies were identified biochemically using API 20E ( BioMe´rieux ) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed following Kirby-Bauer (disk-diffusion) method. Results: We reported the isolation of P. stuartii for the first time in Bangladesh in chicken droppings collected from randomly selected local PFs. Red colored colonies without black centre on XLD medium were considered as presumptive Providencia stuartii that were subsequently confirmed by API 20E system. Six chicken-droppings revealed the presence of P. stuartii from a total 70 samples tested, showed a prevalence of 8.6% with overall farm prevalence is 71.4%. We took 11 isolates from the six positive samples to examine their antibiotic resistance and found 82% of them were resistant to nalidixic, 73% to ampicillin, and 54.5% to trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole. Relatively ciprofloxacin and gentamicin appeared more functional, where only 27.3% and 18.2% strains showed resistant, respectively. Over 54% of the isolates appeared resistant to >3 antibiotics and 36.4% with two different antibiotics. None of the isolates remained susceptible to all the 6 antibiotics tested. Conclusion: Detected MDR P. stuartii in chicken-droppings from local poultry farms may contribute their transmission to surrounding communities and may implicate serious biosecurity concern in environmental and food-safety issues in resource constraint countries, like, Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86691183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: This study aimed to assess the relative telomere lengths (TLs) in gastric mucosa of patients infected with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) compared to H. pylori-negative controls and determine the effect of H. pylori eradication therapy on TL. Place and Duration of Study: This is a seven months casecontrol study conducted in Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology & Immunology Departments, Benha University, Egypt. Methodology: Relative TLs in gastric mucosa were analyzed by Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) in 15 H. pylori -positive patients (Group I: 10 patients with gastric ulcer, Group II: 5 patient without gastric ulcer) and 10 H. pylori -negative controls (Group III). Relative TLs were re-evaluated in H. pylori-positive patients 4 weeks after H. pylori eradication therapy. Results: Highly significant shortening (P<0.001) was observed in TLs in gastric mucosa of H. pylori Original Research Article Aboelazm et al.; BMRJ, 13(3): 1-9, 2016; Article no.BMRJ.23995 2 – positive patients compared to H. pylori – negative controls. Highly significant elongation (P<0.001) was observed after H. pylori eradication therapy. This elongation was significant in both group I and II (P <0.001, 0.01). Conclusion: H. pylori -positive patients had significantly shorter TLs than H. pylori negative controls. TLs were increased after H. pylori eradication therapy in all patients either with or without gastric ulceration and could be considered as one of preventable methods for gastric cancer.
{"title":"Association between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Telomere Length: Effect of Eradication Therapy","authors":"A. A. Aboelazm, R. El-Glil, M. Omar","doi":"10.9734/bmrj/2016/23995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bmrj/2016/23995","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study aimed to assess the relative telomere lengths (TLs) in gastric mucosa of patients infected with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) compared to H. pylori-negative controls and determine the effect of H. pylori eradication therapy on TL. Place and Duration of Study: This is a seven months casecontrol study conducted in Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology & Immunology Departments, Benha University, Egypt. Methodology: Relative TLs in gastric mucosa were analyzed by Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) in 15 H. pylori -positive patients (Group I: 10 patients with gastric ulcer, Group II: 5 patient without gastric ulcer) and 10 H. pylori -negative controls (Group III). Relative TLs were re-evaluated in H. pylori-positive patients 4 weeks after H. pylori eradication therapy. Results: Highly significant shortening (P<0.001) was observed in TLs in gastric mucosa of H. pylori Original Research Article Aboelazm et al.; BMRJ, 13(3): 1-9, 2016; Article no.BMRJ.23995 2 – positive patients compared to H. pylori – negative controls. Highly significant elongation (P<0.001) was observed after H. pylori eradication therapy. This elongation was significant in both group I and II (P <0.001, 0.01). Conclusion: H. pylori -positive patients had significantly shorter TLs than H. pylori negative controls. TLs were increased after H. pylori eradication therapy in all patients either with or without gastric ulceration and could be considered as one of preventable methods for gastric cancer.","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91538623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: This study aimed to identify ascetic fluid bacterial pathogens and their antibiotic resistance profile in Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) patients in Nile delta and its impact on the clinical outcome of these patients. Study Design: Retrospective observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Patients enrolled in this study were admitted to Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt. Further laboratory work was carried out at Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt, from July 2015 to June 2016. Methodology: 247 patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites who met the clinical criteria for Original Research Article Khalil et al.; BMRJ, 17(4): 1-6, 2016; Article no.BMRJ.29869 2 suspicion of SBP including: fever, encephalopathy, refractory ascites and abdominal pain were enrolled in the study. Patients were subjected to thorough history and clinical examination. Ascetic fluid sampling was done for every patient and ascetic fluid analysis was done including cell counts and differential counts. Also, ascitic fluid culture, microbiological testing and antimicrobial sensitivity tests were done. Results: Out of 247 patients enrolled in this study with liver cirrhosis, ascites and clinical suspicion of SBP, 138 patients were excluded. These excluded patients included: 91 patients had ascetic fluid neutrophils below 250 cells/mm3, 4 patients were cases of secondary peritonitis with polymicrobial culture and 43 patients were found to started empirical antibiotics within 5 days of admission. Out of 109 patients who had SBP, 28 only were culture positive. Among culture positive SBP, 16 (57.1%) were Gram positive and 12 (42.9%) were Gram negative. The most common organism isolated was Gram positive Enterococci followed by E. coli and Staph aureus. Conclusion: While Gram negative bacteria were the main infectious agents causing SBP a few decades ago, and are still reported to be so in the most recent recommendations and reviews, Gram positive bacteria are now predominant and there is a rising prevalence of bacteria with reduced susceptibility to cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones as regarding this study only and not including previous data or speculations. Current international guidelines recommend the use of a third-generation cephalosporin for empirical treatment of SBP which raise the questions about these guidelines and if they are still valid.
{"title":"Identification of Ascitic Fluid Bacterial Pathogens in Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Nile Delta and Its Impact on Clinical Outcome of these Patients","authors":"S. Abd-Elsalam","doi":"10.9734/BMRJ/2016/29869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BMRJ/2016/29869","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study aimed to identify ascetic fluid bacterial pathogens and their antibiotic resistance profile in Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) patients in Nile delta and its impact on the clinical outcome of these patients. Study Design: Retrospective observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Patients enrolled in this study were admitted to Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt. Further laboratory work was carried out at Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt, from July 2015 to June 2016. Methodology: 247 patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites who met the clinical criteria for Original Research Article Khalil et al.; BMRJ, 17(4): 1-6, 2016; Article no.BMRJ.29869 2 suspicion of SBP including: fever, encephalopathy, refractory ascites and abdominal pain were enrolled in the study. Patients were subjected to thorough history and clinical examination. Ascetic fluid sampling was done for every patient and ascetic fluid analysis was done including cell counts and differential counts. Also, ascitic fluid culture, microbiological testing and antimicrobial sensitivity tests were done. Results: Out of 247 patients enrolled in this study with liver cirrhosis, ascites and clinical suspicion of SBP, 138 patients were excluded. These excluded patients included: 91 patients had ascetic fluid neutrophils below 250 cells/mm3, 4 patients were cases of secondary peritonitis with polymicrobial culture and 43 patients were found to started empirical antibiotics within 5 days of admission. Out of 109 patients who had SBP, 28 only were culture positive. Among culture positive SBP, 16 (57.1%) were Gram positive and 12 (42.9%) were Gram negative. The most common organism isolated was Gram positive Enterococci followed by E. coli and Staph aureus. Conclusion: While Gram negative bacteria were the main infectious agents causing SBP a few decades ago, and are still reported to be so in the most recent recommendations and reviews, Gram positive bacteria are now predominant and there is a rising prevalence of bacteria with reduced susceptibility to cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones as regarding this study only and not including previous data or speculations. Current international guidelines recommend the use of a third-generation cephalosporin for empirical treatment of SBP which raise the questions about these guidelines and if they are still valid.","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":"15 4 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83021949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Kato, Mark Mugaanyi, S. Majalija, A. Tamale, N. Musisi, Asuman Sengooba
Bacterial infections remain a hindrance to aquaculture expansion globally. Increased fish mortality and poor performance resulting from ill health has forced farmers to resort to the use of antibiotics globally. However, prolonged use of these drugs in aquaculture is becoming restrained as pathogens develop resistance to drugs and unpredicted long term effect on public health. Alternative approaches to control disease are proposed of which probiotics have come forward. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify potential probiotic bacteria in the guts of fish from different sampling sites around Kampala. Fish were obtained from selected cages, ponds, tanks and hatcheries around Kampala, including different parts of Lake Victoria. The fish were gutted and the guts aseptically swabbed with subsequent culture on both general purpose and selective media. The identification of various isolates was based on gram staining and biochemical tests. Probiotic screening was done using the agar spot method. Results revealed complete growth across all samples. The total microbial load was highest in the samples from the lake (1204.8±12.7 × 10 5 cfu/g). Out of the three probiotic genera isolated, only Lactobacillus spp (LB) and Lactococcus spp (LC) showed antibacterial activity against selected pathogenic bacteria. The activity of LB was significantly (p< 0.0001) higher against Streptococcus spp (17.0±0.2 mm) as compared to Proteus at 9±0.02 mm and Pseudomonas (7.5±0.2 mm). Lactobacillus spp did not show any antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus . For Lactococcus spp , probiotic activity was only detected against Proteus spp (5.5±0.2 mm). Although our study shows that Lactobacillus spp and Lactococcus spp possess probiotic activity against a number of pathogenic bacteria, characterization of these isolates is paramount before further manipulation.
{"title":"Isolation and Identification of Potential Probiotics Bacteria from the Gut of Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus in Uganda","authors":"C. Kato, Mark Mugaanyi, S. Majalija, A. Tamale, N. Musisi, Asuman Sengooba","doi":"10.9734/BMRJ/2016/29721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BMRJ/2016/29721","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial infections remain a hindrance to aquaculture expansion globally. Increased fish mortality and poor performance resulting from ill health has forced farmers to resort to the use of antibiotics globally. However, prolonged use of these drugs in aquaculture is becoming restrained as pathogens develop resistance to drugs and unpredicted long term effect on public health. Alternative approaches to control disease are proposed of which probiotics have come forward. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify potential probiotic bacteria in the guts of fish from different sampling sites around Kampala. Fish were obtained from selected cages, ponds, tanks and hatcheries around Kampala, including different parts of Lake Victoria. The fish were gutted and the guts aseptically swabbed with subsequent culture on both general purpose and selective media. The identification of various isolates was based on gram staining and biochemical tests. Probiotic screening was done using the agar spot method. Results revealed complete growth across all samples. The total microbial load was highest in the samples from the lake (1204.8±12.7 × 10 5 cfu/g). Out of the three probiotic genera isolated, only Lactobacillus spp (LB) and Lactococcus spp (LC) showed antibacterial activity against selected pathogenic bacteria. The activity of LB was significantly (p< 0.0001) higher against Streptococcus spp (17.0±0.2 mm) as compared to Proteus at 9±0.02 mm and Pseudomonas (7.5±0.2 mm). Lactobacillus spp did not show any antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus . For Lactococcus spp , probiotic activity was only detected against Proteus spp (5.5±0.2 mm). Although our study shows that Lactobacillus spp and Lactococcus spp possess probiotic activity against a number of pathogenic bacteria, characterization of these isolates is paramount before further manipulation.","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":"34 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83123387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Chaalal, H. Aggad, K. Zidane, N. Saidi, M. Kihal
Aims: This study investigated the occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus in milk and its sensitivity to twenty antibiotics. Study Design: The research was laboratory-based investigation. and of the Study: The study carried between September 2012 and May 2013. Methodology: Thirty eight milk specimens were collected from cattle and examined to estimate the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus . The sensitivity of the isolates to twenty (20) antibiotics was evaluated and the presence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was also determined. S. aureus was characterized using standard microbiological methods and confirmation was done using the API Staph Identification System. Antibiotic sensitivity of isolates was evaluated by means of agar diffusion technique while the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was established using broth dilution technique for oxacillin, E-test for tetracyclin, and chloramphenicol respectively. Results: 55.26% of analyzed samples were contaminated with S. aureus . 100% of Methicillin Sensitive S. aureus were resistant to nalidixic acid, 70% to bacitracin, 65% to spiramycin, and 45% to penicillin and fosfomycin. There was no resistance to vancomycin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin and pristamycin among isolates. A total of 76% of the isolated strains were found to be resistant to at least 4 antibiotics. One Methicillin Resistant S. aureus strain (4.76%) was detected and showed multiple drug resistance. This resistance was crossed with all beta lactams and its resistance profile to macrolides was constitutive (MLSB const) while aminoglycosides phenotype was ANT (4’) (4’’). Conclusion: A high prevalence of S. aureus with multiple drug resistance was established. Improved food safety measures are thus necessary to prevent transmission and spread of antimicrobial resistance by these pathogens.
{"title":"Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiling of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Milk","authors":"W. Chaalal, H. Aggad, K. Zidane, N. Saidi, M. Kihal","doi":"10.9734/bmrj/2016/24064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bmrj/2016/24064","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study investigated the occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus in milk and its sensitivity to twenty antibiotics. Study Design: The research was laboratory-based investigation. and of the Study: The study carried between September 2012 and May 2013. Methodology: Thirty eight milk specimens were collected from cattle and examined to estimate the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus . The sensitivity of the isolates to twenty (20) antibiotics was evaluated and the presence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was also determined. S. aureus was characterized using standard microbiological methods and confirmation was done using the API Staph Identification System. Antibiotic sensitivity of isolates was evaluated by means of agar diffusion technique while the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was established using broth dilution technique for oxacillin, E-test for tetracyclin, and chloramphenicol respectively. Results: 55.26% of analyzed samples were contaminated with S. aureus . 100% of Methicillin Sensitive S. aureus were resistant to nalidixic acid, 70% to bacitracin, 65% to spiramycin, and 45% to penicillin and fosfomycin. There was no resistance to vancomycin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin and pristamycin among isolates. A total of 76% of the isolated strains were found to be resistant to at least 4 antibiotics. One Methicillin Resistant S. aureus strain (4.76%) was detected and showed multiple drug resistance. This resistance was crossed with all beta lactams and its resistance profile to macrolides was constitutive (MLSB const) while aminoglycosides phenotype was ANT (4’) (4’’). Conclusion: A high prevalence of S. aureus with multiple drug resistance was established. Improved food safety measures are thus necessary to prevent transmission and spread of antimicrobial resistance by these pathogens.","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83711743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
review, we will explore and discuss recent advances in the involvement of toll-like receptors in the recognition of the etiological agent of sporotrichosis and how this process interferes with the production of mediators in response to the infection.
{"title":"Recent Advances on the Role of Toll-like Receptors in Sporotrichosis – An Overview","authors":"T. Negrini, R. A. Arthur, I. Carlos","doi":"10.9734/bmrj/2016/23312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bmrj/2016/23312","url":null,"abstract":"review, we will explore and discuss recent advances in the involvement of toll-like receptors in the recognition of the etiological agent of sporotrichosis and how this process interferes with the production of mediators in response to the infection.","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":"102 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79195403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: The present work deals with the purification and characterization of an alkaline protease produced by an alkalophilic bacterium, Bacillus agaradhaerens and establishment of its suitability as detergent additive. Methodology: Bacterial isolates producing alkaline protease were screened from diverse samples viz . soil, sewage and industrial effluents by enrichment culture technique. The taxonomic status and molecular characterization of the bacterium showing maximum alkaline protease activity was determined. The alkaline protease produced by the organism was purified its molecular size was determined by gel permeation chromatography. The purified enzyme was studied for its feasibility as detergent additive. Results: The bacterium under study was identified as Bacillus agaradhaerens by CSIR Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India and deposited with an accession number MTCC 9416. The genotypic characterization of the 16S ribosomal DNA gene was performed and the sequence was submitted to NCBI under the name Bacillus agaradhaerens strain nandiniphanse5 (NCBI Accession No: JN703504). The alkaline protease with a molecular weight of approximately 25 kDa, demonstrated optimum activity at 55°C and pH 10.5, stability in pH range 7.0 to 12.0. The enzyme exhibited increased thermostability in presence of 25 mM CaCl 2 , enhanced activity in presence of chlorides of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , K + , Co 2+ and Mn 2+ . The protease exhibited highest degradation of casein followed by gelatin as compared to other protein substrates. The kinetic parameters were estimated to be 77.82 U/ml ( V max ) and 6.66 mg/ml ( K m ) using casein as substrate. The alkaline protease was also checked for its blood stain removal ability. The thermostable alkaline protease retained its activity in presence of detergent components with desired level stability and compatibility and therefore has a potential to be used commercially in the detergent industry. This is the first report on characterization of detergent-compatible alkaline protease from Bacillus agaradhaerens.
{"title":"Characterization of Detergent-compatible Alkaline Protease from Bacillus agaradhaerens MTCC 9416","authors":"Nandini Phanse, K. Matkar, Pragya Rathore","doi":"10.9734/BMRJ/2016/26065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BMRJ/2016/26065","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The present work deals with the purification and characterization of an alkaline protease produced by an alkalophilic bacterium, Bacillus agaradhaerens and establishment of its suitability as detergent additive. Methodology: Bacterial isolates producing alkaline protease were screened from diverse samples viz . soil, sewage and industrial effluents by enrichment culture technique. The taxonomic status and molecular characterization of the bacterium showing maximum alkaline protease activity was determined. The alkaline protease produced by the organism was purified its molecular size was determined by gel permeation chromatography. The purified enzyme was studied for its feasibility as detergent additive. Results: The bacterium under study was identified as Bacillus agaradhaerens by CSIR Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India and deposited with an accession number MTCC 9416. The genotypic characterization of the 16S ribosomal DNA gene was performed and the sequence was submitted to NCBI under the name Bacillus agaradhaerens strain nandiniphanse5 (NCBI Accession No: JN703504). The alkaline protease with a molecular weight of approximately 25 kDa, demonstrated optimum activity at 55°C and pH 10.5, stability in pH range 7.0 to 12.0. The enzyme exhibited increased thermostability in presence of 25 mM CaCl 2 , enhanced activity in presence of chlorides of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , K + , Co 2+ and Mn 2+ . The protease exhibited highest degradation of casein followed by gelatin as compared to other protein substrates. The kinetic parameters were estimated to be 77.82 U/ml ( V max ) and 6.66 mg/ml ( K m ) using casein as substrate. The alkaline protease was also checked for its blood stain removal ability. The thermostable alkaline protease retained its activity in presence of detergent components with desired level stability and compatibility and therefore has a potential to be used commercially in the detergent industry. This is the first report on characterization of detergent-compatible alkaline protease from Bacillus agaradhaerens.","PeriodicalId":9269,"journal":{"name":"British microbiology research journal","volume":"109 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81067928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：