Pandemics change the dynamics of value chains in fundamental ways, and particularly of those producing the medical devices needed to fight them. This paper shows that the rationale for organization of the production of these devices differs from that of most other products. Varying trade-offs between the benefits of global integration and the imperatives of secured and speedy supply favor different production modes. Value chains of different geographic scales – local, regional and global – are suitable for different medical devices. A model developed based on these variations could assist policymakers in designing differentiated policies towards different medical devices. As well, the model provides insights that could aid supply chain managers and academics rethinking the determinants of supply chain structures across industries.
{"title":"Global Pandemics and the Economics of Value Chains: COVID-19 and the Production of Medical Devices","authors":"Lilach Nachum","doi":"10.46697/001C.24402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46697/001C.24402","url":null,"abstract":"Pandemics change the dynamics of value chains in fundamental ways, and particularly of those producing the medical devices needed to fight them. This paper shows that the rationale for organization of the production of these devices differs from that of most other products. Varying trade-offs between the benefits of global integration and the imperatives of secured and speedy supply favor different production modes. Value chains of different geographic scales – local, regional and global – are suitable for different medical devices. A model developed based on these variations could assist policymakers in designing differentiated policies towards different medical devices. As well, the model provides insights that could aid supply chain managers and academics rethinking the determinants of supply chain structures across industries.","PeriodicalId":93253,"journal":{"name":"AIB insights","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90540478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stewart R. Miller, Catherine Welch, A. Chidlow, Bo Bernard Nielsen, Diletta Pegoraro, M. Karafyllia
This study introduces the concepts of translational distance and complexity distance to explain challenges to adoption of research methods in JIBS. We examine three analytical techniques and data collection approaches: (1) Heckman models, (2) ethnographic studies, and (3) data collection equivalence procedures in survey-based research. We note that progress has been made to reduce translational and complexity distance for analytical techniques. However, concerns remain for data collection equivalence and ethnography as IB scholars are using increasingly advanced analytical techniques on less credible data.
{"title":"The Adoption Challenge: An Analysis of Research Methods in JIBS","authors":"Stewart R. Miller, Catherine Welch, A. Chidlow, Bo Bernard Nielsen, Diletta Pegoraro, M. Karafyllia","doi":"10.46697/001C.23472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46697/001C.23472","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces the concepts of translational distance and complexity distance to explain challenges to adoption of research methods in JIBS. We examine three analytical techniques and data collection approaches: (1) Heckman models, (2) ethnographic studies, and (3) data collection equivalence procedures in survey-based research. We note that progress has been made to reduce translational and complexity distance for analytical techniques. However, concerns remain for data collection equivalence and ethnography as IB scholars are using increasingly advanced analytical techniques on less credible data.","PeriodicalId":93253,"journal":{"name":"AIB insights","volume":"10 16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84024672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The internet is evolving from a globally connected and lightly regulated network to a ‘splinternet’ governed by diverging national policies. Governments are effectively re-creating national borders in digital space by asserting their authority over areas such as data protection, taxation, censorship, and national security. This increasing fragmentation of the internet creates new challenges for companies that use the internet to offer digital products and services (such as apps) internationally. Rather than addressing global markets more or less by default, these digital firms must make strategic choices with respect to foreign market selection, entry modes, local adaptation, and stakeholder management.
{"title":"After TikTok: International Business and the Splinternet","authors":"Maximilian Stallkamp","doi":"10.46697/001C.21943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46697/001C.21943","url":null,"abstract":"The internet is evolving from a globally connected and lightly regulated network to a ‘splinternet’ governed by diverging national policies. Governments are effectively re-creating national borders in digital space by asserting their authority over areas such as data protection, taxation, censorship, and national security. This increasing fragmentation of the internet creates new challenges for companies that use the internet to offer digital products and services (such as apps) internationally. Rather than addressing global markets more or less by default, these digital firms must make strategic choices with respect to foreign market selection, entry modes, local adaptation, and stakeholder management.","PeriodicalId":93253,"journal":{"name":"AIB insights","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88815262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urbanization continues to gather pace creating wicked problems. Waste management is one such issue which is incongruent to the ambition of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities. This paper draws on two case studies of local councils, Canterbury-Bankstown in Australia and Christchurch in New Zealand, to discuss how the councils are tackling the international waste management challenge as part of their creative smart city programs. In doing so, the paper identifies lessons that shine the light on the use of technology and data, funding, community, and government engagement.
{"title":"Societies in Smart Cities: Lessons Learned from Waste Management","authors":"A. Earl, Christopher Vas, A. Beck","doi":"10.46697/001C.19504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46697/001C.19504","url":null,"abstract":"Urbanization continues to gather pace creating wicked problems. Waste management is one such issue which is incongruent to the ambition of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities. This paper draws on two case studies of local councils, Canterbury-Bankstown in Australia and Christchurch in New Zealand, to discuss how the councils are tackling the international waste management challenge as part of their creative smart city programs. In doing so, the paper identifies lessons that shine the light on the use of technology and data, funding, community, and government engagement.","PeriodicalId":93253,"journal":{"name":"AIB insights","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74162129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cooperatives, an important part of Oceania’s economies, are attracting renewed interest as an organisational form for addressing societal challenges. Yet that mission often depends on growth and internationalisation strategies, which introduce multiple tensions that can lead to an erosion of cooperative principles. How cooperatives can successfully manage such tensions arising from internationalisation has been understudied by IB scholars. Our study of Zespri shows that the transfer of cooperative principles is possible when internationalisation is viewed as an incremental process of learning and active managerial agency aimed at reconciling competing logics.
{"title":"Managing Internationalisation Tensions in Producer Cooperatives","authors":"Frank Siedlok, Z. Elsahn, L. Callagher","doi":"10.46697/001C.19419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46697/001C.19419","url":null,"abstract":"Cooperatives, an important part of Oceania’s economies, are attracting renewed interest as an organisational form for addressing societal challenges. Yet that mission often depends on growth and internationalisation strategies, which introduce multiple tensions that can lead to an erosion of cooperative principles. How cooperatives can successfully manage such tensions arising from internationalisation has been understudied by IB scholars. Our study of Zespri shows that the transfer of cooperative principles is possible when internationalisation is viewed as an incremental process of learning and active managerial agency aimed at reconciling competing logics.","PeriodicalId":93253,"journal":{"name":"AIB insights","volume":"43 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79967148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To achieve sustainable growth, China facilitates outward foreign direct investments (FDI) in natural resources and technology through large supportive policies and massive financing, particularly through the expansion of its state-owned companies into foreign markets. This trend has accelerated economic growth in Australia but has also raised national security concerns regarding foreign investments. This paper discusses the problem of balancing foreign investment and national security and aims to stimulate discussion on the extent of regulations necessary for FDI in critical infrastructure. This paper will be interesting for host-country policymakers balancing inward FDI and national security concerns through appropriate screening mechanisms.
{"title":"Between Growth and National Security in Host Countries: FDI Regulation and Chinese Outward Investments in Australia’s Critical Infrastructure","authors":"Irina Heim, Natalia Ribberink","doi":"10.46697/001C.19506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46697/001C.19506","url":null,"abstract":"To achieve sustainable growth, China facilitates outward foreign direct investments (FDI) in natural resources and technology through large supportive policies and massive financing, particularly through the expansion of its state-owned companies into foreign markets. This trend has accelerated economic growth in Australia but has also raised national security concerns regarding foreign investments. This paper discusses the problem of balancing foreign investment and national security and aims to stimulate discussion on the extent of regulations necessary for FDI in critical infrastructure. This paper will be interesting for host-country policymakers balancing inward FDI and national security concerns through appropriate screening mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":93253,"journal":{"name":"AIB insights","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79834604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Integration into value chains is a vital step for Tonga to achieve its development aspirations. Despite several geographical constraints, Tonga is the eighth largest global producer of vanilla. Tongan smallholder vanilla farmers are being integrated into value chains through two regional lead firms. This study examines this integration process and highlights how international buying firms could adopt culturally sensitive engagement practices to strengthen their connections with farmers. In particular, the study highlights the pivotal role of women in the pollination process and, by extension, in the expansion of the vanilla sector.
{"title":"Relationships between International Buyers and Farmers: Insights from Tonga’s Vanilla Industry","authors":"Sisikula Sisifa, Christina Stringer","doi":"10.46697/001C.19417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46697/001C.19417","url":null,"abstract":"Integration into value chains is a vital step for Tonga to achieve its development aspirations. Despite several geographical constraints, Tonga is the eighth largest global producer of vanilla. Tongan smallholder vanilla farmers are being integrated into value chains through two regional lead firms. This study examines this integration process and highlights how international buying firms could adopt culturally sensitive engagement practices to strengthen their connections with farmers. In particular, the study highlights the pivotal role of women in the pollination process and, by extension, in the expansion of the vanilla sector.","PeriodicalId":93253,"journal":{"name":"AIB insights","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89537889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Managers face nonmarket pressures that increasingly challenge the way they run their firms. These challenges often require managers to get savvy in nonmarket strategy. While nonmarket strategy can be relevant for all firms, it is particularly relevant for multinational enterprise subsidiaries, because they operate in countries that differ from their multinational enterprise’s home country and are thus subject to the liability of foreignness. In my dissertation research, I was aiming to better understand the incentives and drivers behind firms’ nonmarket strategies.
{"title":"Nonmarket Strategies across Complex Institutional Contexts","authors":"Patricia Klopf","doi":"10.46697/001c.18358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46697/001c.18358","url":null,"abstract":"Managers face nonmarket pressures that increasingly challenge the way they run their firms. These challenges often require managers to get savvy in nonmarket strategy. While nonmarket strategy can be relevant for all firms, it is particularly relevant for multinational enterprise subsidiaries, because they operate in countries that differ from their multinational enterprise’s home country and are thus subject to the liability of foreignness. In my dissertation research, I was aiming to better understand the incentives and drivers behind firms’ nonmarket strategies.","PeriodicalId":93253,"journal":{"name":"AIB insights","volume":"438 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79621020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
My doctoral research addresses the limits to international growth that multinational enterprises (MNEs) face, with a particular focus on the role of the home country within a portfolio of international activities. The importance of that market, in combination with several types of home-country uncertainties, may limit the attention devoted by MNE managers to internationalization, evidenced by lower added cultural distance. Similarly, the net growth of an MNE’s country portfolio may be limited by cultural and economic diversity within that portfolio, but it also hinges on how well the MNE is performing relative to its aspirations. In an emerging market context, an ‘upgrading paradox’ seems to apply, as firms face important recombination barriers to growth.
{"title":"Multinational enterprises and limits to international growth","authors":"G. Hendriks","doi":"10.46697/001c.18244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46697/001c.18244","url":null,"abstract":"My doctoral research addresses the limits to international growth that multinational enterprises (MNEs) face, with a particular focus on the role of the home country within a portfolio of international activities. The importance of that market, in combination with several types of home-country uncertainties, may limit the attention devoted by MNE managers to internationalization, evidenced by lower added cultural distance. Similarly, the net growth of an MNE’s country portfolio may be limited by cultural and economic diversity within that portfolio, but it also hinges on how well the MNE is performing relative to its aspirations. In an emerging market context, an ‘upgrading paradox’ seems to apply, as firms face important recombination barriers to growth.","PeriodicalId":93253,"journal":{"name":"AIB insights","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79556933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article I introduce *AIB Insights'* topic forum on the _World Investment Report_ at 30 and the special award session at the Academy of International Business 2020 Annual Meeting that inspired these ensuing articles.
{"title":"Introduction: WIR at 30 Topic Forum and AIB Presidential Recognition Award","authors":"J. Clegg","doi":"10.46697/001c.18168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46697/001c.18168","url":null,"abstract":"In this article I introduce *AIB Insights'* topic forum on the _World Investment Report_ at 30 and the special award session at the Academy of International Business 2020 Annual Meeting that inspired these ensuing articles.","PeriodicalId":93253,"journal":{"name":"AIB insights","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90385696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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