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Social Reality in the System of Textual Influence: the Breaking Point in Russian History 文本影响系统中的社会现实:俄罗斯历史的转折点
Pub Date : 2019-12-20 DOI: 10.17150/2500-2759.2019.29(4).560-575
Andrei Atanov
The author considers texts which have significantly influenced the formation of the subject and subject relations in Russia in the early to mid-20th century. These are the texts by V. Lenin and I. Stalin which concern the proletarian revolution, capitalism and imperialism. In these texts, one can reveal non-observance of the canonical Marxist dogmas by V. Lenin and I. Stalin due to the changed historical context, according to them. The research is based on the following methodological principles: dialectics, theory of objects, regression and logical analysis of conceptual framework. The study object is the structure of phantasms emerging when the position of the object is changed in regard to the subject, which is exposed to impact or influenced by someone or something. The subject of the research is textual reality expressed through the categories of «possibility» and «real life» and through the notion of «will» which allows the author to clearly specify the primary bases of the object-subject relations in an influence situation.
作者考察了20世纪初至中期对俄罗斯主体和主体关系形成产生重大影响的文本。这是列宁和斯大林关于无产阶级革命、资本主义和帝国主义的文章。根据他们的说法,在这些文本中,人们可以发现由于历史背景的变化,列宁和斯大林没有遵守正统的马克思主义教条。研究的方法论原则是辩证法、客体理论、回归理论和概念框架逻辑分析。研究对象是客体相对于主体的位置发生变化时产生的幻象结构,主体受到某人或某事的冲击或影响。研究的主题是通过“可能性”和“现实生活”的范畴以及通过“意志”的概念表达的文本现实,这使得作者能够清楚地指定影响情境中主客体关系的主要基础。
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引用次数: 0
Current Situation and Challenges of Internal Quality Assurance in Mongolian Higher Education Institutions 蒙古高等学校内部质量保证的现状与挑战
Pub Date : 2019-12-20 DOI: 10.17150/2500-2759.2019.29(4).594-604
Ganbaatar Сhantsaldulam, I. Koroduk, Galina Voynikova
Quality assurance in higher education has become an endeavor of global proportions. With the increasing necessity of quality assurance system, the efforts have been initiated within the higher education sector in Mongolia to seek a feasible internal quality assurance system that is in line with the international standards. The main objective of this article is to identify the problems encountered Mongolian higher education system specifically to the implementation of internal quality assurance in HEIs and explore factors that are influential to the implementation of internal quality assurance system of Mongolia. Thus, this article is expected to give recommendations at institutional level by pinpointing the facts that should be taken into account in developing and implementing a workable and effective internal quality assurance system for Mongolian higher education institutions. This article reviewed literatures on the quality assurance systems in higher education area, and determined the current situation and challenges encountered in quality assurance of Mongolian higher education institutions. The findings of the article indicate that the four main issues — the factors influential to the establishment of effective IQA system, quality assurance structure, lack of understanding towards IQA activities and implementation as the view of preparing only for self-evaluation report, and the lack of transparent information system. The article finds that the participation of both external and internal stakeholders in quality assurance process and activities is the key to the development and implementation of an effective internal quality assurance system.
高等教育质量保证已成为一项全球性的努力。由于质量保证制度的必要性日益增加,蒙古高等教育部门已开始努力寻求符合国际标准的可行的内部质量保证制度。本文的主要目的是找出蒙古高等教育系统针对高等学校实施内部质量保证所遇到的问题,并探讨影响蒙古实施内部质量保证体系的因素。因此,本文希望通过指出在为蒙古高等教育机构制定和实施可行和有效的内部质量保证制度时应考虑到的事实,在机构一级提出建议。本文回顾了有关高等教育质量保证体系的文献,确定了蒙古高等教育质量保证的现状和面临的挑战。本文的研究结果表明,影响建立有效的内部质量保证体系的因素、质量保证结构、仅从编写自我评价报告的角度对内部质量保证活动和实施缺乏了解以及缺乏透明的信息系统四个主要问题。本文发现,质量保证过程和活动的外部和内部利益相关者的参与是开发和实施有效的内部质量保证体系的关键。
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引用次数: 0
Development of Accommodation Facilities as a Reflection of Differentiation of Tourist Needs 住宿设施的发展是游客需求分化的反映
Pub Date : 2019-12-20 DOI: 10.17150/2500-2759.2019.29(4).678-685
O. Suranova
Tourism in the 20th century has become available to many population segments and turned into a powerful engine of economic development. One of the important factors of this process is on opportunity of implementing various needs of tourists. Thus, meeting the basic needs in a comfortable and safe living environment during tourist trips is carried out by various accommodation facilities. Opportunities and directions for tourism development and directions for development of accommodation facilities are interdependent. Differentiation of tourist needs is reflected in the directions of developing accommodation facilities, especially individual ones. The aim of this work is to consider the differentiation of the tourist needs as a factor of emergence and development of various accommodation facilities. To achieve this goal, a complex of qualitative and quantitative research methods, including methods of analysis and synthesis, is used. The paper specifies the role of accommodation facilities in development of tourism, investigates changes of tourist needs in terms of mass tourism, proves that increasing the variety of accommodation facilities is a response to the differentiation of tourist needs. Accommodation facilities organize their activities in reply to emergence and development of diverse cultural, spiritual, cognitive and other needs of tourists, which, in particular, ensures their preservation on the hotel services market. Thus, accommodation facilities are developing naturally, which testifies their objective need. The task of the external environment, in particular, in terms of institutional influences is creation of optimal conditions for their preservation and development of accommodation facilities in accordance with differentiation of tourist needs.
20世纪的旅游业已成为许多人口群体的选择,并成为经济发展的强大引擎。这一过程的一个重要因素是有机会实现游客的各种需求。因此,通过各种住宿设施来满足游客在舒适、安全的生活环境中的基本需求。旅游发展的机会和方向与住宿设施的发展方向是相互依存的。游客需求的差异化体现在住宿设施尤其是个性化住宿设施的发展方向上。这项工作的目的是考虑游客需求的差异,作为各种住宿设施出现和发展的一个因素。为了实现这一目标,使用了定性和定量研究方法的综合体,包括分析和综合方法。本文明确了住宿设施在旅游发展中的作用,从大众旅游的角度考察了游客需求的变化,证明增加住宿设施的种类是对游客需求分化的回应。住宿设施组织活动是为了适应旅游者多样的文化、精神、认知等需求的产生和发展,这尤其保证了其在酒店服务市场上的保存。因此,住宿设施是自然发展的,这证明了他们的客观需求。外部环境的任务,特别是在制度影响方面的任务是创造最佳条件,以便根据不同的游客需求保存和发展住宿设施。
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引用次数: 0
Evolution of Professional Participants in Russian Securities Market 俄罗斯证券市场专业参与者的演变
Pub Date : 2019-09-20 DOI: 10.17150/2500-2759.2019.29(3).416-424
I. Alekseeva, Ksenia Ovchinnikova
The securities market is one of the most important segments of the financial market of any state. The development of the Russian securities market can be judged on the basis of the development of its participants, their evolution. An analysis of today’s economic scientific literature shows an insufficient coverage of the evolution of professional participants in the domestic stock market. The article considers the changes in the composition of professional participants of the securities market, analyzes the regulatory framework that have given rise to these changes. It brings forth the reasons for the changes and expectations of financial market participants from the changes, presents the dynamics of the number of over the period of 2008–2018. The article reveals a sharp decline in the number of professional participants, determines the causes of this trend. It places an emphasis on the significance of including the investment advisors in the ranks of professional participants of the securities market in order to increase public involvement in the investment activity.
证券市场是任何国家金融市场中最重要的部分之一。俄罗斯证券市场的发展可以根据其参与者的发展、演变来判断。对当今经济科学文献的分析表明,对国内股票市场专业参与者的演变报道不足。本文考虑了证券市场专业参与者构成的变化,分析了导致这些变化的监管框架。从变化中引出金融市场参与者变化的原因和预期,呈现2008-2018年期间金融市场参与者数量的动态变化。文章揭示了专业参与者的数量急剧下降,确定了这种趋势的原因。它强调了将投资顾问纳入证券市场专业参与者行列的重要性,以增加公众对投资活动的参与。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of Options for Investment Strategies with a Set of Basic Parameters of Investment Life Insurance 基于投资寿险基本参数的投资策略选择分析
Pub Date : 2019-09-20 DOI: 10.17150/2500-2759.2019.29(3).434-443
M. Stepanova, A. Nefedyev
Investment insurance products offered in insurance markets provide access to new investment tools with use of the current technologies of financial engineering. They are built in accordance with the existing standards that protect the rights of customers to receive a quality product, combining insurance protection and possibility of obtaining an investment income in terms of the integral financial decision. At the same time, the Russian insurance market presents only analogs of full-fledged investment-insurance products acting abroad. They provide functional conveniences, but they are not always as effective as other financial decisions. There exist analog investment strategies that can be formed in terms of basic parameters of investment life insurance and, at the same time, provide the investor with a more attractive return. The article presents the variants of such strategies developed by using the proposed elements of their design and presents the corresponding calculations confirming low financial attractiveness of investment life insurance for a potential investor that has taken shape at present.
保险市场上提供的投资保险产品利用当前的金融工程技术,提供了新的投资工具。它们是根据保护客户获得优质产品的权利的现有标准建立的,结合了保险保护和在整体财务决策方面获得投资收益的可能性。与此同时,俄罗斯保险市场上只有类似于国外成熟的投资保险产品。它们提供了功能上的便利,但它们并不总是像其他财务决策那样有效。根据投资寿险的基本参数,可以形成类似的投资策略,同时为投资者提供更具吸引力的回报。本文介绍了通过使用其设计的拟议元素开发的此类策略的变体,并提出了相应的计算,证实了投资人寿保险对目前已形成的潜在投资者的低财务吸引力。
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引用次数: 0
Development of Digital Economy in Russia and in Regions of Siberian Federal District 俄罗斯和西伯利亚联邦区地区数字经济的发展
Pub Date : 2019-09-20 DOI: 10.17150/2500-2759.2019.29(3).476-483
V. Samarukha, T. Krasnova, T. Plotnikova
In present-day society digital technologies play an important role in economic development involving all fields of activity: industrial and agricultural manufacture, work of transportation and construction companies, logistic, financial and monetary activities, service sector, science and education, various branches of infrastructure, as well as households. They are the foundation for transition of economies of all countries to the sixth technological mode. The article examines the current conditions of the digital economy development in the regions of the Siberian Federal District in terms of the trends of information-communication technologies penetration into the society. In the course of solving the tasks set, the article considers the dynamic processes of economic development in Russia’s information space. It pays particular attention to analyzing the society’s readiness for infomatization processes in terms of the SFD regions, It reveals the trend of increasing the living standard indices depending on growth of the index of readiness for information society.
在当今社会,数字技术在涉及所有活动领域的经济发展中发挥着重要作用:工业和农业制造,运输和建筑公司的工作,物流,金融和货币活动,服务部门,科学和教育,基础设施的各个分支以及家庭。它们是世界各国经济向第六技术模式转型的基础。本文从信息通信技术向社会渗透的趋势出发,考察了西伯利亚联邦区地区数字经济发展的现状。在解决任务设置的过程中,本文考虑了俄罗斯信息空间经济发展的动态过程。重点分析了SFD地区社会对信息化进程的准备程度,揭示了生活水平指数随着信息社会准备程度指数的增长而提高的趋势。
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引用次数: 4
Establishment of Priority Development Areas in Transbaikalia: Problems and Prospects 在外贝加尔湖建立优先发展区:问题与前景
Pub Date : 2019-09-20 DOI: 10.17150/2500-2759.2019.29(3).491-498
L. Kovalchuk, S. Kravtsova
The problem of advanced socio-cultural development of Zabaikalye Territory is considered in the context of its entering into entity composition of the Far Eastern Federal District. The need of searching the mechanisms to advance the region’s development is preconditioned by considerable lagging of Zabaikalye in the socio-economic development indicators from the FEFD entities. Establishment of the priority development areas is considered as one of such mechanisms. The possibility of their establishment is assessed in terms of the historical experience that Zabaikalye has in establishing territories and zones beneficial terms and preferences. The article makes assessment of this experience, analyses the factors that determines the results of using the mechanisms provided. It demonstrates that establishment of the territories with beneficial business terms did not exert a considerable impact on the rates of economic growth and results of social development in Zabaikalye Territory during all stages. In the capacity of competitive advantages the region had to create special economic zones, free economic zones and priority development areas, the Territory used the mineral resources endowment, the geographical position at the border with PRC. In order to assess the prospects of establishing the priority development areas in Zabaikalye, the article presents the well-known theoretical approaches of P. Krugaman and N.V. Zubarevich, shows that the competitive advantages of natural character do not provide a sustainable socio-economic growth. It substantiates that acceleration of developing the territories and levelling out the socio-economic differences can be made possible on the basis of developing the human potential and the sector of social services. The authors voice concerns that in the existing terms of Zabaikalye Territory’s degradation Establishment of the priority development areas is problematic. Prospective use of the benefits and preferences claimed for in the Project of Establishment of PDA «Zabaikalye» require priority development of the social sector, provision of the social levelling-out. The need to activate the social processes and to form the regional development program that meets the complexity of the socio-economic situation is determined by the growing completion level between the microregion’s entities for attracting investment resources. In this situation, the Zabaikalye Territory’s odds to permanently take a hold on the periphery of the FEFD socio-economic development are rather high.
扎拜卡尔耶领土的先进社会文化发展问题是在其进入远东联邦区实体构成的背景下审议的。需要寻找促进该区域发展的机制,其先决条件是扎拜卡尔耶在远东地区实体的社会经济发展指标方面相当落后。设立优先发展领域被认为是这种机制之一。根据Zabaikalye在建立领土和地区的有利条件和优惠方面的历史经验来评估其建立的可能性。文章对这一经验进行了评价,分析了决定所提供机制使用效果的因素。它表明,建立具有有利商业条件的领土并没有对扎贝卡尔耶领土在所有阶段的经济增长率和社会发展结果产生重大影响。在竞争优势的能力下,该地区创建了经济特区,自由经济区和优先发展区,领土利用矿产资源禀赋,与中华人民共和国接壤的地理位置。为了评估在扎拜卡尔耶建立优先发展区的前景,本文介绍了著名的克鲁格曼和祖巴雷维奇的理论方法,表明自然特征的竞争优势并不能提供可持续的社会经济增长。它证明,在发展人的潜力和社会服务部门的基础上,加速发展领土和消除社会经济差异是可能的。作者表示关切的是,在扎拜卡尔耶领土退化的现有条件下,优先发展地区的确定是有问题的。在“扎拜卡尔耶”建立人民发展方案项目中所要求的利益和优惠的预期利用要求优先发展社会部门,提供社会均衡。激活社会进程和形成满足社会经济形势复杂性的区域发展方案的需要取决于微区域实体之间吸引投资资源的日益完成程度。在这种情况下,扎拜卡尔耶领土永久占据远东地区社会经济发展边缘地位的可能性相当高。
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引用次数: 0
On a New Approach to Formation of a Strategy of Developing Small Businesses 论形成小企业发展战略的新途径
Pub Date : 2019-09-20 DOI: 10.17150/2500-2759.2019.29(3).484-490
B. Turenko, Tatyana Turenko
An enterprise operating in terms of market economy must always set itself the task of further development and improvement in order to be successful and competitive. To solve this problem, it is necessary to produce a development strategy. This problem is all the more relevant for small enterprises, which find it more difficult than large enterprises to survive in the competition. Therefore, small businesses face the task of developing and implementing such a strategy for their development, which allows them to clearly define their goals and outline the ways to achieve them. The article considers various points of view on the concept of «strategy», the classification of strategies that exist in the scientific literature, including those applied to small businesses, brings forth the authors' point of view on this concept. It pays a particular attention to the proposed approach to the process of strategy formation and the mechanism of its implementation in relation to small businesses. It makes a conclusion that on the basis of the systematic approach the strategy under development should be comprehensive and include such elements as marketing, product, production, personnel, management, financial strategy and risk strategies. It brings forth a description of the content of each element. It examines an algorithm for developing an integrated strategy for development of small businesses, as well as a mechanism for implementing the strategy.
一个在市场经济条件下经营的企业,要想取得成功和具有竞争力,就必须始终把进一步发展和改进作为自己的任务。要解决这一问题,必须制定发展战略。这个问题对于小企业来说尤为重要,因为小企业比大企业更难在竞争中生存。因此,小企业面临着制定和实施这样一个发展战略的任务,这使他们能够清楚地定义自己的目标,并概述实现目标的方法。本文考虑了关于“战略”概念的各种观点,科学文献中存在的战略分类,包括那些适用于小企业的战略,提出了作者对这一概念的观点。它特别关注关于小企业的战略形成过程及其实施机制的建议方法。得出在系统方法的基础上,正在制定的战略应该是全面性的,包括营销、产品、生产、人员、管理、财务战略和风险战略等要素。它提供了对每个元素的内容的描述。它审查了制定小企业发展综合战略的算法,以及实施该战略的机制。
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引用次数: 1
Transformation of Bank's Business Model in Terms of Digital Economy 数字经济条件下银行业务模式的转型
Pub Date : 2019-09-20 DOI: 10.17150/2500-2759.2019.29(3).425-433
Yulia B. Bubnova
Information technology, artificial intelligence penetrate into the banking sector, making it more mobile and flexible. Needs and preferences of customers, ways of providing financial services are changing. IT-companies that offer traditional banking products in a new, present day’s format are entering the financial services market. Banks have to invest huge amounts of money in developing banking innovations in order to remain in demand. All this requires banks to change not only the ways of providing their services and communication with customers, but also the qualitative restructuring of operational processes, methods and approaches to their management, corporate culture. The article examines the changes in the main components of the banking management system under the influence of digital technologies: the customer segment, the operating processes and the business model. It pays particular attention to the need of changing the existing banking business mode. It summarizes the main financial technologies that allow to transform banking business in accordance with the requirements of the digital economy.
信息技术、人工智能渗透到银行业,使其更具移动性和灵活性。客户的需求和偏好,提供金融服务的方式正在发生变化。以新的、现代的形式提供传统银行产品的it公司正在进入金融服务市场。银行必须投入大量资金发展银行创新,以保持需求。所有这些都要求银行不仅要改变提供服务和与客户沟通的方式,还要对业务流程、管理方法和途径、企业文化进行定性重组。本文考察了数字技术影响下银行管理系统的主要组成部分:客户群体、操作流程和业务模式的变化。它特别关注改变现有银行业务模式的需要。总结了根据数字经济的要求对银行业务进行转型的主要金融技术。
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引用次数: 9
Paradox of Plenty in Terms of Irkutsk Oblast 从伊尔库茨克州的角度看富裕的悖论
Pub Date : 2019-09-20 DOI: 10.17150/2500-2759.2019.29(3).453-460
Elena Bisikalo, Yulia Kolesnik
The article considers a problem of a possible negative impact of the accelerated growth of oil and gas extraction on the socio-economic situation of the resource-producing region. The negative effects are based on the well-known concepts of the resource curse, the Dutch disease and the rentier state which are combined by the term «paradox of plenty». It offers to use models of rent-oriented behavior and patronage in order to analyze the incentives of economic agents. In terms of the shifts in the structure of gross regional product and employment by types at the regional level. It substantiates the significance of monitoring the arising spatial and sectoral distortions when forming the regional strategy of a long-term economic growth. The possibilities of overcoming negative effects are associated with the need of performing a structural industrial policy within the frames of smart specialization and providing incentives for businesses in the traded sector of the regional economy.
本文考虑了油气开采加速增长对资源区社会经济状况可能产生负面影响的问题。负面影响是基于众所周知的资源诅咒、荷兰病和食利者状态的概念,这些概念被“充足悖论”一词结合在一起。它提出使用租金导向行为和赞助的模型来分析经济主体的激励。就区域生产总值和就业结构的变化而言在区域一级按类型划分。它证实了在制定长期经济增长的区域战略时监测出现的空间和部门扭曲的重要性。克服负面影响的可能性与需要在明智的专业化框架内执行结构性工业政策和为区域经济贸易部门的企业提供奖励有关。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Bulletin of Baikal State University
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