Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100334
Fikri Muhammad , Djoni Hartono , Sasmita Hastri Hastuti , Arianto A. Patunru , Audhi Ahmad Balya
Addressing environmental issues is inherently complex due to the fundamental question of who bears responsibility. While more prominent at the global level, this issue is also pertinent on a subnational level, such as in Indonesia, where significant disparities exist in economic development and environmental degradation across the archipelago. Our research intends to fill the gap by measuring environmental footprints in the country while accounting for the interregional trade between provinces. We utilize the Environmentally-Extended Interregional Input-Output (EE IRIO), which allows us to evaluate the relationship between economic activities, environmental footprints, and corresponding spatial distribution. The study reveals that Indonesia's carbon and water footprints are primarily consumed and produced on Java Island, whereas the agricultural footprint is produced on Sumatra and Kalimantan Islands but consumed significantly on Java Island. This result corresponds with Java Island's dominance in terms of the economy and population. The study revealed that developed regions produce footprints directly and induce footprint generation in other areas through import demand, emphasizing the relevance of ‘common but differentiated responsibility’ in local development.
{"title":"Should Developed Regions Bear More Responsibility in Addressing Environmental Issues? Insights from Indonesia's Unequal Regional Development","authors":"Fikri Muhammad , Djoni Hartono , Sasmita Hastri Hastuti , Arianto A. Patunru , Audhi Ahmad Balya","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Addressing environmental issues is inherently complex due to the fundamental question of who bears responsibility. While more prominent at the global level, this issue is also pertinent on a subnational level, such as in Indonesia, where significant disparities exist in economic development and environmental degradation across the archipelago. Our research intends to fill the gap by measuring environmental footprints in the country while accounting for the interregional trade between provinces. We utilize the Environmentally-Extended Interregional Input-Output (EE IRIO), which allows us to evaluate the relationship between economic activities, environmental footprints, and corresponding spatial distribution. The study reveals that Indonesia's carbon and water footprints are primarily consumed and produced on Java Island, whereas the agricultural footprint is produced on Sumatra and Kalimantan Islands but consumed significantly on Java Island. This result corresponds with Java Island's dominance in terms of the economy and population. The study revealed that developed regions produce footprints directly and induce footprint generation in other areas through import demand, emphasizing the relevance of ‘common but differentiated responsibility’ in local development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100334"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143178350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100330
Celia Choquenaira-Quispe , José A. Villanueva-Salas , Harry R. Yucra-Condori , Sheyla J. Angulo Vargas , Karen Rojas Tamata , Elvis G. Gonzales-Condori
This research aimed to remove Cd (II), Cr (VI), Ni (II), Pb (II), and V (V) from aqueous solutions prepared in distilled water using “Chacco” clay from the Peruvian highlands as adsorbent. The adsorption process was carried out in Batch type systems for 120 min using solutions of each metal at a concentration of 5 mg/L in aqueous systems of a single metal or monometallic (MAS) and solutions of the five metals simultaneously or multimetallic (MMAS). For this purpose, the “Chacco” clay was first characterized by SEM-EDS analysis, finding a laminated clay structure with an elemental composition of C, Al, Fe, Na, Mg, Ca, K, As, Cu, Pd, O, and Ta. The results using 10 g/L of “Chacco” clay showed that the best adsorption efficiency in both MAS and MMAS aqueous systems is achieved at pH = 4 achieving in MAS aqueous systems the removal of 64.16 ± 0.98 % of Cd (II), 95.70 ± 0.81 % of Cr (VI), 97.20 ± 0.89 % of Ni (II), 92. 78 ± 0.79 % of Pb (II), and 95.80 ± 0.67 % of V (V), on the other hand, in aqueous MMAS systems a decrease in adsorption efficiency was observed, managing to remove 6.88 ± 0.53 % of Cd (II), 63.04 ± 0.94 of Cr (VI), 7.81 ± 0.43 % of Ni (II), 62.34 ± 0.77 % Pb (II), and 14.33 ± 0.56 % of V (V). The kinetic study showed that the adsorption mechanism would correspond to chemisorption since the process fitted best to the pseudo-second order model and Elovich. SEM-EDS analysis after adsorption confirmed the presence of the heavy metals under study in the “Chacco” clay. Metal adsorption is evidenced at 1418 cm−1 by -CH2-metal deformation vibrations according to FTIR analysis. In conclusion, the “Chacco” clay would be a promising adsorbent of heavy metals in polluted waters so that scaling up to real environments could be feasible. On the other hand, the “Chacco” clay is consumed by the population of Puno, Peru, therefore its potential impact on health should be evaluated due to its capacity to accumulate metals and the presence of Al in this clay.
{"title":"“Chacco” clay from the Peruvian highlands as a potential adsorbent of heavy metals in water","authors":"Celia Choquenaira-Quispe , José A. Villanueva-Salas , Harry R. Yucra-Condori , Sheyla J. Angulo Vargas , Karen Rojas Tamata , Elvis G. Gonzales-Condori","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research aimed to remove Cd (II), Cr (VI), Ni (II), Pb (II), and V (V) from aqueous solutions prepared in distilled water using “Chacco” clay from the Peruvian highlands as adsorbent. The adsorption process was carried out in Batch type systems for 120 min using solutions of each metal at a concentration of 5 mg/L in aqueous systems of a single metal or monometallic (MAS) and solutions of the five metals simultaneously or multimetallic (MMAS). For this purpose, the “Chacco” clay was first characterized by SEM-EDS analysis, finding a laminated clay structure with an elemental composition of C, Al, Fe, Na, Mg, Ca, K, As, Cu, Pd, O, and Ta. The results using 10 g/L of “Chacco” clay showed that the best adsorption efficiency in both MAS and MMAS aqueous systems is achieved at pH = 4 achieving in MAS aqueous systems the removal of 64.16 ± 0.98 % of Cd (II), 95.70 ± 0.81 % of Cr (VI), 97.20 ± 0.89 % of Ni (II), 92. 78 ± 0.79 % of Pb (II), and 95.80 ± 0.67 % of V (V), on the other hand, in aqueous MMAS systems a decrease in adsorption efficiency was observed, managing to remove 6.88 ± 0.53 % of Cd (II), 63.04 ± 0.94 of Cr (VI), 7.81 ± 0.43 % of Ni (II), 62.34 ± 0.77 % Pb (II), and 14.33 ± 0.56 % of V (V). The kinetic study showed that the adsorption mechanism would correspond to chemisorption since the process fitted best to the pseudo-second order model and Elovich. SEM-EDS analysis after adsorption confirmed the presence of the heavy metals under study in the “Chacco” clay. Metal adsorption is evidenced at 1418 cm<sup>−1</sup> by -CH<sub>2</sub>-metal deformation vibrations according to FTIR analysis. In conclusion, the “Chacco” clay would be a promising adsorbent of heavy metals in polluted waters so that scaling up to real environments could be feasible. On the other hand, the “Chacco” clay is consumed by the population of Puno, Peru, therefore its potential impact on health should be evaluated due to its capacity to accumulate metals and the presence of Al in this clay.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100330"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100332
Hawta K. Abdullah , Sangar S. Ahmed , Omid Amiri , Muhammad H. Khalil , Savana J. Ismael , Nabaz A. Abdulrahman , Karim A. Younis , Karwan M Rahman , Mika Sillanpää
High efficiency and stability are two crucial factors in piezocatalysis reactions. In this research, the efficiency of Fe2O3 piezo catalysts significantly increased by coupling it with Na2WO4. Results indicate that Fe2O3 and Na2WO4 have a synergetic effect on the degradation of Amoxicillin (AMX), with Fe2O3/Na2WO4 degrading 88 % of AMX in the same conditions that pure Fe2O3 and Na2WO4 degrade only 42 % and 20.6 %, respectively. The degradation efficiency of Fe2O3 was improved by 114 % when it was coupled with Na2WO4. Fe2O3/Na2WO4 piezo catalyst was successfully used in 8 cycles while it keeps almost 85 % of its efficiency which indicates the stability of prepared piezo catalysts. Studying the mechanism of degradation by Fe2O3/Na2WO4 revealed that superoxide free radicals have a critical function in the decomposition of AMX. The kinetic study also indicates that at lower temperatures, the reaction follows a first-order reaction.
{"title":"Synergetic effect of Fe2O3 and Na2WO4 piezo catalyst to remove pharmaceuticals waste in water","authors":"Hawta K. Abdullah , Sangar S. Ahmed , Omid Amiri , Muhammad H. Khalil , Savana J. Ismael , Nabaz A. Abdulrahman , Karim A. Younis , Karwan M Rahman , Mika Sillanpää","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High efficiency and stability are two crucial factors in piezocatalysis reactions. In this research, the efficiency of Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> piezo catalysts significantly increased by coupling it with Na<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>4</sub>. Results indicate that Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Na<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>4</sub> have a synergetic effect on the degradation of Amoxicillin (AMX), with Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/Na<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>4</sub> degrading 88 % of AMX in the same conditions that pure Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Na<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>4</sub> degrade only 42 % and 20.6 %, respectively. The degradation efficiency of Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> was improved by 114 % when it was coupled with Na<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>4</sub>. Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/Na<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>4</sub> piezo catalyst was successfully used in 8 cycles while it keeps almost 85 % of its efficiency which indicates the stability of prepared piezo catalysts. Studying the mechanism of degradation by Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/Na<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>4</sub> revealed that superoxide free radicals have a critical function in the decomposition of AMX. The kinetic study also indicates that at lower temperatures, the reaction follows a first-order reaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100332"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100328
Ankit Kailashi Rathore , Shafia Khan , Pramod K Verma
The Narmada Valley and adjoining region are considered to be tectonically active. The Dhar Lineament is a major zone of fracture North of Narmada River running nearly parallel to Narmada Valley. The Man River Basin spreads across the Dhar Lineament and extends up to the Narmada Lineament. The present study attempts to understand the characteristics and development of the valley of Man River. The high-resolution satellite images, GIS software, and Python program have been used for this study. The nature and characteristics of Man River Valley are quite different on either side of the Dhar Lineament. For micro-level analysis the Man Basin has been divided into 37 subbasins and their geomorphometric indices have been computed and correlated. The results indicate that in the development of Man Basin the Dhar lineament has played a crucial role. The subparallel, angular, tight meanders, and contorted streams are present in drainage. The bifurcation ratio ranges between 2 and 9, the average length of higher-order is less than the average length of lower-order for 13 subbasins, and elongated sub-basins are situated in low-lying gentle plane areas. The Drainage characteristics are largely controlled by various sets of fractures (NE-SW, NW-SE, E-W, and N-S). The anomalous behavior of parameters indicates the tectonic influence in the Man Basin development.
{"title":"Integrated Python and GIS approach for Geomorphometric investigation of Man River Basin, Western Madhya Pradesh, India","authors":"Ankit Kailashi Rathore , Shafia Khan , Pramod K Verma","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Narmada Valley and adjoining region are considered to be tectonically active. The Dhar Lineament is a major zone of fracture North of Narmada River running nearly parallel to Narmada Valley. The Man River Basin spreads across the Dhar Lineament and extends up to the Narmada Lineament. The present study attempts to understand the characteristics and development of the valley of Man River. The high-resolution satellite images, GIS software, and Python program have been used for this study. The nature and characteristics of Man River Valley are quite different on either side of the Dhar Lineament. For micro-level analysis the Man Basin has been divided into 37 subbasins and their geomorphometric indices have been computed and correlated. The results indicate that in the development of Man Basin the Dhar lineament has played a crucial role. The subparallel, angular, tight meanders, and contorted streams are present in drainage. The bifurcation ratio ranges between 2 and 9, the average length of higher-order is less than the average length of lower-order for 13 subbasins, and elongated sub-basins are situated in low-lying gentle plane areas. The Drainage characteristics are largely controlled by various sets of fractures (NE-SW, NW-SE, E-W, and N-S). The anomalous behavior of parameters indicates the tectonic influence in the Man Basin development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100328"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar-powered water driving scheme (SPWDS) has been successfully employed as a practical solution to guarantee reliable water supply in various hilly regions without electrical infrastructure. The Water Supply Systems / Schemes (WSS) focus on using pumping systems for delivering potable water to the community but face practical difficulties and financial hurdles at different implementation stages. These challenges encompass the practical complexities, the absence of non-renewable energy sources, and ongoing expenses for consumable and non-consumable items incurred during the water project's execution and maintenance. The present research study evaluates the performance of four water supply systems in Nepal which use solar energy as their primary power source. The key performance indicators are assessed, including the functionality index for facility distribution. Additionally, the research aims to evaluate the feasibility of transitioning from non-renewable to sustainable renewable energy source to achieve net zero energy consumption. This evaluation concentrates explicitly on calculating the cost-effectiveness index as a key metric. A proportional analysis is undertaken to evaluate the cost-benefit of the SPWDS, considering both the potential advantages and challenges associated with these initiatives. The present study affirms the technical feasibility and economic viability of operating a WSS using renewable and eco-friendly solar energy as the power source. This finding opens avenues for reducing energy consumption and contributes significantly to developing a policy framework to for tapping solar energy.
{"title":"Cost-benefit analysis of implementing a solar powered water pumping system – A case study","authors":"Anjay Kumar Mishra , J.S. Sudarsan , C.R. Suribabu , G. Murali","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar-powered water driving scheme (SPWDS) has been successfully employed as a practical solution to guarantee reliable water supply in various hilly regions without electrical infrastructure. The Water Supply Systems / Schemes (WSS) focus on using pumping systems for delivering potable water to the community but face practical difficulties and financial hurdles at different implementation stages. These challenges encompass the practical complexities, the absence of non-renewable energy sources, and ongoing expenses for consumable and non-consumable items incurred during the water project's execution and maintenance. The present research study evaluates the performance of four water supply systems in Nepal which use solar energy as their primary power source. The key performance indicators are assessed, including the functionality index for facility distribution. Additionally, the research aims to evaluate the feasibility of transitioning from non-renewable to sustainable renewable energy source to achieve net zero energy consumption. This evaluation concentrates explicitly on calculating the cost-effectiveness index as a key metric. A proportional analysis is undertaken to evaluate the cost-benefit of the SPWDS, considering both the potential advantages and challenges associated with these initiatives. The present study affirms the technical feasibility and economic viability of operating a WSS using renewable and eco-friendly solar energy as the power source. This finding opens avenues for reducing energy consumption and contributes significantly to developing a policy framework to for tapping solar energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100323"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427124000548/pdfft?md5=d2cd385131a9d206924c27ce83797be5&pid=1-s2.0-S2772427124000548-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100327
Muhammad Shahbaz , Bekhzod Kuziboev , Kamil Pícha , Ilyos Abdullaev , Leon Moise Minani , Sharifa Jumaniyazova
This groundbreaking study examines the relationship between CO2 intensity, aggregated and disaggregated fossil fuels, clean and nuclear energy, and, as a mediating variable, energy uncertainty for Pakistan during 2019M01 and 2022M10 with monthly data. To this end, the ARDL Bound Testing method is used to identify the long-run relationship of the studied factors. The empirical results suggest that under the mediating effect of energy uncertainty, renewables and nuclear energy in electricity generation have a negative association with CO2 intensity. In contrast, fossil fuels in generating electricity influence positively CO2 intensity in the aggregated analysis. Moreover, the disaggregated results under the mediating role of energy uncertainty reveal that only hydro energy reduces CO2 intensity as renewables, bioenergy, wind, and solar energy do not impact CO2 intensity. Both coal and gas energies cause a rise in CO2 intensity. Regarding nuclear energy, it also has a negative relation with CO2 intensity. The increase in energy uncertainty leads to a fall in CO2 intensity in aggregated and disaggregated analyses as well. Wavelet coherence analysis shows that CO2 intensity and energy uncertainty depend on each other dynamically for almost the whole employed period.
{"title":"Mediating role of energy uncertainty for environmental management in electricity generation: The evidence from Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Shahbaz , Bekhzod Kuziboev , Kamil Pícha , Ilyos Abdullaev , Leon Moise Minani , Sharifa Jumaniyazova","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This groundbreaking study examines the relationship between CO2 intensity, aggregated and disaggregated fossil fuels, clean and nuclear energy, and, as a mediating variable, energy uncertainty for Pakistan during 2019M01 and 2022M10 with monthly data. To this end, the ARDL Bound Testing method is used to identify the long-run relationship of the studied factors. The empirical results suggest that under the mediating effect of energy uncertainty, renewables and nuclear energy in electricity generation have a negative association with CO2 intensity. In contrast, fossil fuels in generating electricity influence positively CO2 intensity in the aggregated analysis. Moreover, the disaggregated results under the mediating role of energy uncertainty reveal that only hydro energy reduces CO2 intensity as renewables, bioenergy, wind, and solar energy do not impact CO2 intensity. Both coal and gas energies cause a rise in CO2 intensity. Regarding nuclear energy, it also has a negative relation with CO2 intensity. The increase in energy uncertainty leads to a fall in CO2 intensity in aggregated and disaggregated analyses as well. Wavelet coherence analysis shows that CO2 intensity and energy uncertainty depend on each other dynamically for almost the whole employed period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100327"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427124000585/pdfft?md5=f3e135296cf8d245f365ef15026e53b1&pid=1-s2.0-S2772427124000585-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100325
Marc Clausse , Frédéric Lefèvre , Yoann Jovet , Antoine Fontaine , Laurence Rocher , Nicolas Rivière , Louis Gostiaux , Emmanuel Mignot , Ivana Vinkovic , Sara Puijalon
The interdependence between water and energy (water-energy nexus) has been identified as one of the major challenges at European level, with roadmaps calling for the development of integrated approaches in this sector. The increase in river temperature is at the heart of this nexus, with anthropogenic thermal pollution adding to the effect of global warming. River Water Heat Pumps can play a major role by decarbonising district heating network (DHN) while actively cooling the aquatic resource. Hence, the objective of this short communication is to identify the scientific challenges to be met and the progress to be achieved considering the current state of the art. To illustrate the point, a rapid evaluation of the potential is performed for the city of Lyon in France resulting in an achievable cooling of ∼1.5 K which is above the minimum threshold to see an effect on aquatic ecosystem while the CO2 savings are significant for the DHN (∼ divided by a factor of 10). Because of its holistic nature, the impact assessment of such a system implies considering a wide diversity of indicators: energy, environmental, economics and sociological that need to be appropriately defined and quantified. In each field, progress beyond the state of the art to be performed has been identified, e.g. 4E analysis, cold water plume dispersion, integration of biodiversity in LCA.
水与能源之间的相互依存关系（水-能源关系）已被确定为欧洲面临的主要挑战之一，路线图呼吁在这一领域制定综合方法。河流温度的升高是这一关系的核心，人为热污染加剧了全球变暖的影响。河水热泵可以发挥重要作用，在积极冷却水资源的同时，实现区域供热网络（DHN）的低碳化。因此，这篇短文的目的是根据目前的技术水平，确定需要应对的科学挑战和需要取得的进展。为了说明这一点，我们对法国里昂市的潜力进行了快速评估，结果显示可实现的降温幅度为 1.5 K，高于对水生生态系统产生影响的最低阈值，同时 DHN 可显著减少二氧化碳排放量（∼除以 10 倍）。由于该系统的整体性，对其影响的评估需要考虑能源、环境、经济和社会学等多方面的指标，并对其进行适当的定义和量化。在每个领域，都已确定了在现有技术基础上取得的进展，如 4E 分析、冷水羽流扩散、将生物多样性纳入生命周期评估等。
{"title":"River water heat pumps to decarbonise district heating and promote the resilience of hydrosystems: Technico-economic, environmental and sociological challenges","authors":"Marc Clausse , Frédéric Lefèvre , Yoann Jovet , Antoine Fontaine , Laurence Rocher , Nicolas Rivière , Louis Gostiaux , Emmanuel Mignot , Ivana Vinkovic , Sara Puijalon","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The interdependence between water and energy (water-energy nexus) has been identified as one of the major challenges at European level, with roadmaps calling for the development of integrated approaches in this sector. The increase in river temperature is at the heart of this nexus, with anthropogenic thermal pollution adding to the effect of global warming. River Water Heat Pumps can play a major role by decarbonising district heating network (DHN) while actively cooling the aquatic resource. Hence, the objective of this short communication is to identify the scientific challenges to be met and the progress to be achieved considering the current state of the art. To illustrate the point, a rapid evaluation of the potential is performed for the city of Lyon in France resulting in an achievable cooling of <em>∼</em>1.5 K which is above the minimum threshold to see an effect on aquatic ecosystem while the CO<sub>2</sub> savings are significant for the DHN (<em>∼</em> divided by a factor of 10). Because of its holistic nature, the impact assessment of such a system implies considering a wide diversity of indicators: energy, environmental, economics and sociological that need to be appropriately defined and quantified. In each field, progress beyond the state of the art to be performed has been identified, e.g. 4E analysis, cold water plume dispersion, integration of biodiversity in LCA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100325"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427124000561/pdfft?md5=bc1e91ea5b68ebbfe8f3e3b80755213a&pid=1-s2.0-S2772427124000561-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100324
Danam Mahesh , S. Harisankar , Rajnish Kumar , R. Vinu
Hydrothermal co-liquefaction of feedstocks that decompose in widely different temperature regimes is a promising strategy to convert thermally stable olefinic plastics at sub-critical conditions by utilizing the synergetic interactions between the intermediates generated from biopolymers and synthetic polymers. In this study, cellulose and polypropylene (PP) are co-liquefied, and the effects of temperature (300–350 °C), residence time (15–45 min), cellulose-to-PP mass ratio (25:75, 50:50 and 75:25 w%/w%) and co-solvents (glycerol, paraffin oil) on product yields and quality are thoroughly studied. Results suggest that water alone is inadequate to liquefy PP, while the incorporation of glycerol and paraffin oil greatly enhance the conversion and the bio-crude yield. Maximum bio-crude yield (78.6 wt.%) was obtained at 350 °C-30 min with cellulose:PP of 50:50 w%/w% using water:glycerol solvent. The selectivity to aliphatic hydrocarbons in the bio-crude was high (∼96.5 %) at 350 °C-15 min for a cellulose:PP ratio of 25:75 w%/w% in water-paraffin oil solvent.
{"title":"Hydrothermal Co-liquefaction of Cellulose and Polypropylene using Co-solvents","authors":"Danam Mahesh , S. Harisankar , Rajnish Kumar , R. Vinu","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrothermal co-liquefaction of feedstocks that decompose in widely different temperature regimes is a promising strategy to convert thermally stable olefinic plastics at sub-critical conditions by utilizing the synergetic interactions between the intermediates generated from biopolymers and synthetic polymers. In this study, cellulose and polypropylene (PP) are co-liquefied, and the effects of temperature (300–350 °C), residence time (15–45 min), cellulose-to-PP mass ratio (25:75, 50:50 and 75:25 w%/w%) and co-solvents (glycerol, paraffin oil) on product yields and quality are thoroughly studied. Results suggest that water alone is inadequate to liquefy PP, while the incorporation of glycerol and paraffin oil greatly enhance the conversion and the bio-crude yield. Maximum bio-crude yield (78.6 wt.%) was obtained at 350 °C-30 min with cellulose:PP of 50:50 w%/w% using water:glycerol solvent. The selectivity to aliphatic hydrocarbons in the bio-crude was high (∼96.5 %) at 350 °C-15 min for a cellulose:PP ratio of 25:75 w%/w% in water-paraffin oil solvent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100324"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277242712400055X/pdfft?md5=8e2cc1c9d7dfb198f0187f3221cf312f&pid=1-s2.0-S277242712400055X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142315978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100319
Mohamed Ghazy , Alaa E. Zohir , Ehab S. Ali , Ahmed S. Alsaman , A.M. Farid , Hamdy H. El-Ghetany , Ahmed A. Askalany
The present work presents a literature review of solar-driven adsorption desalination systems (ADS) from the perspective of hybrid systems, adsorption materials, and system configurations. The evaluation criteria were based on the daily water production rate (SDWP), gain output ratio, coefficient of performance (COP), and the specific cooling power (SCP) of the dual-cooling and desalination systems. Recommendations for effective systems that require further research and development to increase water productivity and enhance system performance are also mentioned. First, concerning hybrid systems, adding an ejector to the adsorption desalination cycle showed a significant improvement in SDWP, reaching 40 m3/ton per day (TPD). In comparison, using two ejectors in the ADS integrated with HDH reached 83.1 m3/TPD at a cost estimated at 1.49 $/m3. Secondly, concerning system configurations, a wire wound finned tube heat exchanger of ADS achieved high performance. The SDWP, SCP, and COP were 23.5 m3/TPD, 682 W/kg, and 0.32, respectively. Thirdly, concerning adsorption materials, the results showed promising adsorbent materials in the range of solar energy temperatures, and on top of them was sodium polyacrylate (SP)/CaCl2, where SDWP and COP were about 45 m3/TPD and 0.67, respectively, while the cost was estimated at 3.8 $/m3. Finally, it was recommended to introduce 2D adsorbents to improve the adsorption properties and heat exchangers with 3D structures to improve the overall heat transfer coefficient of ADS.
{"title":"State-of-the-art-solar energy-driven adsorption desalination systems","authors":"Mohamed Ghazy , Alaa E. Zohir , Ehab S. Ali , Ahmed S. Alsaman , A.M. Farid , Hamdy H. El-Ghetany , Ahmed A. Askalany","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present work presents a literature review of solar-driven adsorption desalination systems (ADS) from the perspective of hybrid systems, adsorption materials, and system configurations. The evaluation criteria were based on the daily water production rate (SDWP), gain output ratio, coefficient of performance (COP), and the specific cooling power (SCP) of the dual-cooling and desalination systems. Recommendations for effective systems that require further research and development to increase water productivity and enhance system performance are also mentioned. First, concerning hybrid systems, adding an ejector to the adsorption desalination cycle showed a significant improvement in SDWP, reaching 40 m<sup>3</sup>/ton per day (TPD). In comparison, using two ejectors in the ADS integrated with HDH reached 83.1 m<sup>3</sup>/TPD at a cost estimated at 1.49 $/m<sup>3</sup>. Secondly, concerning system configurations, a wire wound finned tube heat exchanger of ADS achieved high performance. The SDWP, SCP, and COP were 23.5 m<sup>3</sup>/TPD, 682 W/kg, and 0.32, respectively. Thirdly, concerning adsorption materials, the results showed promising adsorbent materials in the range of solar energy temperatures, and on top of them was sodium polyacrylate (SP)/CaCl<sub>2</sub>, where SDWP and COP were about 45 m<sup>3</sup>/TPD and 0.67, respectively, while the cost was estimated at 3.8 $/m<sup>3</sup>. Finally, it was recommended to introduce 2D adsorbents to improve the adsorption properties and heat exchangers with 3D structures to improve the overall heat transfer coefficient of ADS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100319"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427124000500/pdfft?md5=bd30d77dc7e444b17ef10bb404f285f3&pid=1-s2.0-S2772427124000500-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141952931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-03DOI: 10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100321
Esra Aleisa
The relationships within the Energy-Water nexus are inherently complex, necessitating sophisticated methods to optimize and manage these interactions effectively. Metamodeling emerges as a crucial technique in abstracting these complex relationships into a manageable analytical form. This study adopts a systematic approach to construct Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) metamodels, aimed at examining the interactions within the water-energy nexus of various desalination technologies. A critical aspect of the developed methodology is the selection of sampling points that align with LCA scenarios through a tailored designed experiment (DoE) model. These scenarios, which include Reverse Osmosis (RO), Electrodialysis (ED), and Multi-Effect Distillation (MED), are evaluated using a set of indicators the Energy-Water nexus, across tradeoff nexus policies. The results signify the impact of considering the Energy-Water Nexus on optimizing desalination processes, compared to evaluating energy and water metrics independently. In policies where nexus considerations were not integrated—focusing solely on cumulative energy or exclusively on water footprint—the RO with Wind Turbine (RO[WT]) scenario emerged as the optimal solution. This configuration consumed 7.540 MJ and 1.654 m³ of water and a carbon footprint of 0.719 kg CO2eq per cubic meter of desalinated water. Conversely, policies that incorporate a nexus approach favor the adoption of MED with Thermal Solar (MED[TS]) scenario. Characterized by its moderate energy consumption of 2.226 MJ, and a water footprint of 2.226 m³, per cubic meter. These findings illustrate the critical role of employing Energy-Water Nexus frameworks through metamodeling in minimizing the environmental impacts associated with desalination processes.
{"title":"Metamodeling life cycle assessment to explore interactions in the water-energy nexus of desalination processes","authors":"Esra Aleisa","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The relationships within the Energy-Water nexus are inherently complex, necessitating sophisticated methods to optimize and manage these interactions effectively. Metamodeling emerges as a crucial technique in abstracting these complex relationships into a manageable analytical form. This study adopts a systematic approach to construct Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) metamodels, aimed at examining the interactions within the water-energy nexus of various desalination technologies. A critical aspect of the developed methodology is the selection of sampling points that align with LCA scenarios through a tailored designed experiment (DoE) model. These scenarios, which include Reverse Osmosis (RO), Electrodialysis (ED), and Multi-Effect Distillation (MED), are evaluated using a set of indicators the Energy-Water nexus, across tradeoff nexus policies. The results signify the impact of considering the Energy-Water Nexus on optimizing desalination processes, compared to evaluating energy and water metrics independently. In policies where nexus considerations were not integrated—focusing solely on cumulative energy or exclusively on water footprint—the RO with Wind Turbine (RO[WT]) scenario emerged as the optimal solution. This configuration consumed 7.540 MJ and 1.654 m³ of water and a carbon footprint of 0.719 kg CO<sub>2</sub>eq per cubic meter of desalinated water. Conversely, policies that incorporate a nexus approach favor the adoption of MED with Thermal Solar (MED[TS]) scenario. Characterized by its moderate energy consumption of 2.226 MJ, and a water footprint of 2.226 m³, per cubic meter. These findings illustrate the critical role of employing Energy-Water Nexus frameworks through metamodeling in minimizing the environmental impacts associated with desalination processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100321"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427124000524/pdfft?md5=f5e2d74ae7a918daeee8222dc148b480&pid=1-s2.0-S2772427124000524-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141962918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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