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Transfigurations of the Commonplace: Hirst’s Tumbler, Joyce’s Tap 平凡的变形:赫斯特的玻璃杯,乔伊斯的水龙头
0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-06-07 DOI: 10.3390/h12030046
Judith Woolf
One reason why the concept of the quotidian has proved elusive to critics of literature and the visual arts is that the commonplace in art and literature so often refuses to remain untransfigured, not least because of its power to confront us with the material detritus with which we surround ourselves and which we will eventually join. It is not surprising, then, that contemporary artists share a preoccupation with finding both mortality and transcendence in what John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester called “the lumber of the world.” In this paper, I shall consider how an early Damien Hirst mini-installation, consisting of a glass tumbler of water and a ping-pong ball, takes its only partly mocking place in a still life tradition going back to Roman xenia and seventeenth-century vanitas paintings, and to a related literary tradition typified by Thomas Hardy’s Under the Waterfall and James Joyce’s great prose aria to water all its forms in the Ithaca section of Ulysses.
事实证明,日常生活的概念对文学和视觉艺术的评论家来说是难以捉摸的,其中一个原因是,艺术和文学中的日常生活往往拒绝保持原样,尤其是因为它有能力让我们面对我们周围的物质碎片,我们最终也会加入其中。因此,毫不奇怪,当代艺术家都专注于在罗切斯特伯爵约翰·威尔莫特所说的“世界的木材”中寻找死亡和超越,它在静物传统中只占据了部分嘲讽的位置,这种静物传统可以追溯到罗马的xenia和17世纪的vanitas绘画,以及以托马斯·哈迪的《瀑布下》和詹姆斯·乔伊斯的伟大散文咏叹调为代表的相关文学传统,在《尤利西斯》的伊萨卡部分浇灌了它的所有形式。
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引用次数: 0
On the Tolerance of Children’s Literature Criticism: Psychoanalysis, Neighborliness, and Pooh 论儿童文学批评的宽容:心理分析、邻居与维尼
0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.3390/h12030045
Neil Cocks
This article challenges David Rudd’s recent criticism of ‘The Reading Critics’ school of children’s literature criticism, which he takes to be problematic in so far as it is intolerant towards traditions that stray outside its own narrow concerns. Rudd forwards in its place an approach that is generous and dynamic. Through a close reading of Rudd’s analysis of both Winnie-the Pooh and psychoanalysis, this article understands the politics and poetics of tolerance to open some difficult questions. What are the limits of tolerance? Is what Rudd forwards merely a tolerance of the tolerable? Is his forgiving attitude to the work of ‘The Reading Critics’, as he mourns their passing, tolerance also? What if these critics were to object to such tolerance, or read violence or erasure within it? Most significantly, this article is interested in how such tolerance, and the celebration of open community, fits within the ‘broadly Lacanian framework’ that Rudd elsewhere champions. As Lacan has, at best, an ambivalent attitude to the politics of neighborliness, this article argues that the defense of a ‘broad’ and tolerant approach to theory that calls upon his work is only made possible by arguments that neglect the specifics of Lacan’s writing.
这篇文章挑战了David Rudd最近对“阅读评论家”儿童文学批评学派的批评,他认为这是有问题的,因为它不容忍偏离其狭隘关注范围的传统。陆克文提出了一种慷慨和充满活力的方法。本文通过细读陆克文对《小熊维尼》和精神分析的分析,来理解宽容的政治和诗学,从而打开一些难题。容忍的限度是什么?陆克文所提出的仅仅是对可容忍的容忍吗?他对《读书评论家》作品的宽容态度,在哀悼他们逝去的同时,也是宽容吗?如果这些批评者反对这种宽容,或者解读其中的暴力或抹杀,会怎么样?最重要的是,这篇文章感兴趣的是,这种宽容和对开放社区的庆祝如何符合陆克文在其他地方倡导的“广泛的拉康框架”。由于拉康对睦邻政治充其量是一种矛盾的态度,本文认为,只有忽视拉康写作细节的论点,才有可能为“广泛”和宽容的理论方法辩护。
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引用次数: 0
“Komai Nisan Dare, Akwai Wani Online”: Social Media and the Emergence of Hausa Neoproverbs “Komai Nisan Dare,Akwai Wani Online”:社交媒体与Hausa氯丁橡胶的出现
0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.3390/h12030044
A. U. Adamu
This paper interrogates the changing paradigm in the evolution of traditional African proverbs in the postcolonial setting in which Hausa youth create proverbs centered around the power of both social media and their technologies. In this context, the notion of colonized subjects, cowering under the glare of English linguistic imperialism, is challenged by the Hausa youth through newly fabricated social media proverbs that acknowledge English terms, but use social media platforms to convey what I call ‘Hausa technofolk’ philosophy. This provides insight into how contemporary African youth force a new narrative in the notion of coloniality.
本文探讨了后殖民时代传统非洲谚语演变的范式变化,豪萨青年围绕社交媒体及其技术的力量创作谚语。在这种背景下,在英国语言帝国主义的注视下退缩的殖民主体的概念受到豪萨青年的挑战,他们通过新编造的社交媒体谚语来承认英语术语,但利用社交媒体平台来传达我所说的“豪萨技术民”哲学。这让我们深入了解了当代非洲青年如何在殖民主义的概念中强行进行新的叙事。
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引用次数: 0
‘Is This the Real Me? What Is the Real Me?’: Deconstructing Authenticity in Aline Kominsky-Crumb’s Need More Love 这是真实的我吗?什么是真正的我?——《需要更多的爱》中的解构真实性
0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-05-29 DOI: 10.3390/h12030043
David Brauner
In spite of being a central figure in the underground comix scene, a trailblazer in the field of female-authored comics, and one of the progenitors of the graphic memoir, there has been relatively little scholarship on Aline Kominsky-Crumb. For much of her career, she was in the shadow of her husband, Robert Crumb, an iconic figure of the counterculture, and any attention she has received for her own work tended to be marred by condescension or predicated on the naïve assumption that, as Susan Kirtley claims, it ‘showcase[s] a raw, unvarnished authenticity’. It also tended to ignore her writing, focusing almost exclusively on her artwork. In this essay, I analyse her anthology, Need More Love, paying particular attention to the nuances of its uses of text, to argue that Kominsky-Crumb’s work might be read as a sustained, self-reflexive interrogation of the idea of authenticity.
尽管她是地下漫画界的核心人物,是女性漫画领域的先驱,也是图形回忆录的鼻祖之一,但关于阿林·科明斯基·克拉姆的学术研究相对较少。在她职业生涯的大部分时间里,她都笼罩在丈夫罗伯特•克拉姆(Robert Crumb)的阴影之下。克拉姆是反主流文化的标志性人物。她因自己的作品而受到的任何关注,往往都被居高躬下的态度所破坏,或者是基于naïve的假设,正如苏珊•科特利(Susan Kirtley)所说,这些作品“展示了一种原始的、未经修饰的真实性”。它也倾向于忽视她的写作,几乎只关注她的艺术作品。在这篇文章中,我分析了她的选集《需要更多的爱》,特别注意其文本使用的细微差别,认为科明斯基-克拉姆的作品可以被解读为对真实性概念的持续的、自我反思的质疑。
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引用次数: 0
“This Girl Changed the Story of the World”: Queer Complications of Authority in KindaTV’s Carmilla “这个女孩改变了世界的故事”:KindaTV的《卡米拉》中权威的奇怪复杂性
0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.3390/h12030042
Drumlin N. M. Crape
This article investigates the intersection of adaptations of narrative content and form as exemplified in the KindaTV YouTube series Carmilla (2014–2016), a contemporary revisioning of Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu’s 1872 vampire novella of the same name. By contextualizing Le Fanu’s text within the emerging medicalized discourse around so-called deviant sexualities and close reading the invocations of medical, legal, and narrative authority within Carmilla, I reveal an approach to authority which upholds hegemony. Consequently, in engaging with KindaTV’s YouTube adaptation, the rehabilitating of queer feelings and connections reframes authority within the narrative, while the interactive platform and active fan communities resist the idea of a single textual authority. By considering the source text and adaptation through the lens of authority, it becomes clear that, as part of addressing the homophobic history of the Gothic, KindaTV’s Carmilla presents a world full of possibilities that directly opposes the way authorities like legal, medical, and academic systems have historically pathologized queer people.
本文调查了叙事内容和形式改编的交叉点,如KindaTV YouTube系列剧《卡米拉》(2014-2016),该剧是对约瑟夫·谢里丹·勒法努1872年同名吸血鬼中篇小说的当代修订。通过将勒法努的文本置于围绕所谓越轨性取向的新兴医学化话语中,并仔细阅读卡米拉内部对医学、法律和叙事权威的调用,我揭示了一种维护霸权的权威方法。因此,在参与KindaTV的YouTube改编时,酷儿情感和联系的恢复重塑了叙事中的权威,而互动平台和活跃的粉丝社区则抵制单一文本权威的想法。通过从权威的角度考虑原文和改编,很明显,作为解决哥特式恐同历史的一部分,KindaTV的Carmilla呈现了一个充满可能性的世界,直接反对法律、医疗和学术系统等权威在历史上对酷儿的病态化。
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引用次数: 0
Healing with the Nonhuman Actor: A Study of the Recuperation from Loneliness and Isolation Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic through the Cinematic Text Lars and the Real Girl 与非人类演员一起治愈:通过电影文本《拉尔斯和真实的女孩》研究COVID-19大流行造成的孤独和孤立的恢复
0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-05-23 DOI: 10.3390/h12030041
Shipra Tholia
Loneliness and isolation were two factors introduced as “effective measures” during the COVID-19 crisis. The lockdown exacerbated loneliness among those already suffering from acute illnesses. In this context, a rereading of the film Lars and the Real Girl by Craig Gillespie is particularly relevant as it offers novel perspectives on loneliness. The interplay between Lars’s desire to be in a compassionate relationship and the fear of meeting and socializing is comparable to what was witnessed across the coronavirus-afflicted world. This paper explores the potential for understanding delusion caused by traumatic experiences as a form of communication rather than a mental disorder. The film explains how a silicone sex doll functions as a medium between the lonesome Lars and society in resolving the trauma. The paper focuses on the infantile nature of humans and uses infantilism in a conducive manner to understand anthropomorphism for bridging the gap between a lonely/delusional person and society while drawing examples from the film. The introduction of a nonhuman actor—an anatomically correct doll—becomes an opportunity for a traumatized person such as Lars to know himself well and gradually open up to socializing. As he moves from external to threshold en-rolling, followed by internal en-rolling, it indicates his opening up to communication as he moves from language to lalangue and creates his world with the doll. This film presents a therapeutic approach to treating schizoid personality disorder with the assistance of a nonhuman actor.
孤独和隔离是新冠肺炎危机期间作为“有效措施”引入的两个因素。封锁加剧了那些已经患有急性疾病的人的孤独感。在这种背景下,重读克雷格·吉莱斯皮的电影《拉尔斯与真正的女孩》尤其重要,因为它提供了关于孤独的新颖视角。拉尔斯渴望建立一种富有同情心的关系,又害怕见面和社交,这两者之间的相互作用可以与新冠病毒肆虐的世界相媲美。本文探讨了将创伤经历引起的妄想理解为一种交流形式而非精神障碍的可能性。这部电影解释了硅胶性爱娃娃是如何在孤独的拉尔斯和社会之间发挥媒介作用来解决创伤的。本文聚焦于人类的幼稚本质,并以一种有助于理解拟人化的方式来弥合孤独/妄想者与社会之间的差距,同时从电影中举例说明。引入一个非人类演员——一个解剖学上正确的玩偶——为像拉尔斯这样受过创伤的人提供了一个机会,让他们了解自己,并逐渐开放社交。当他从外部进入门槛滚动,然后是内部滚动时,这表明他在从语言进入语言并用玩偶创造自己的世界时,对沟通敞开了大门。这部电影介绍了一种在非人类演员的帮助下治疗精神分裂症人格障碍的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Cinema, the Settler 电影,移民
0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-05-17 DOI: 10.3390/h12030040
Lorenzo Veracini
While the history and technology of cinema are considered for the purpose of achieving decolonial ends, this paper suggests that ‘classic’ cinema may be considered a quintessentially settler colonial medium. However, the moving image is now delivered in new ways and through new devices, and streaming has transformed global patterns of cinema production and consumption. Thus, two developments are considered in relation to this transformation. On the one hand, there are signs that mainstream cinema may be genuinely addressing its implication with colonialism, and this paper focuses on a formal apology and on a big budget movie that adopted a radically innovative approach to representing Indigenous peoples: Prey (2022). On the other hand, streaming has made cinema portable and has made consumption in personally deliberated instalments possible. The ‘digital natives’ consume cinema in fragmented and noncollective patterns, and their activity is subjected to unprecedented modalities of surveillance and appropriation. This paper concludes that a form of digital colonialism supported by streaming operates in ways that are homologous with modes of settler colonial appropriation.
虽然电影的历史和技术被认为是为了实现非殖民化的目的,但本文认为,“经典”电影可能被认为是典型的定居者殖民媒体。然而,运动影像现在通过新的方式和新的设备传送,流媒体已经改变了全球电影制作和消费的模式。因此,考虑与这种转变有关的两个发展。一方面,有迹象表明,主流电影可能会真正解决其与殖民主义的含义,本文关注的是正式的道歉和一部采用激进创新方法来代表土著人民的大制作电影:猎物(2022)。另一方面,流媒体使电影院变得便携,并使个人分期付款的消费成为可能。“数字原住民”以碎片化和非集体的方式消费电影,他们的活动受到前所未有的监视和挪用。本文的结论是,一种由流媒体支持的数字殖民主义以与定居者殖民占有模式相对应的方式运作。
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引用次数: 0
Composting Ecofeminism: Caring for Plants, Animals, and Multispecies Flourishing in Molly Chester’s Dream Farm 堆肥生态女权主义:照顾植物,动物和多物种在莫莉切斯特的梦想农场繁荣
0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.3390/h12030039
Kathryn Yalan Chang
Using the documentary The Biggest Little Farm (2019) and its follow-up sequel The Biggest Little Farm: The Return (2022), this article examines how American filmmaker and farmer John Chester and his wife Molly transformed previously dead land lacking biodiversity into Molly’s dream farm over the past decade. My article argues that the way the films illustrate the Chesters’ intricate relationships with plants, animals, and multispecies players is a way of showing how ecofeminism’s concerns and insights can best be integrated into organic food/farming, which do not foreground gender in their analyses and activism. The article consists of four parts. The first describes the challenges Apricot Lane Farms faced before and after the Chesters’ arrival. The second part explores the Chesters’ “thinking with the soil” and de la Bellacasa’s commitment to soil care in Matters of Care (2017), showing how this can serve as a refuge in a sense, as defined by Donna Haraway and Anna Tsing. The third part examines the Chesters’ approach to conflicts, setbacks, and loss of life by emphasizing the potential for “staying with the trouble.” Finally, the article concludes by demonstrating how the Chesters present Apricot Lane Farms as an attachment site of co-flourishment by caring for the plants, animals, and microorganisms essential to supporting all life’s ecosystems.
本文利用纪录片《最大的小农场》(2019)及其续集《最大的小农场:回归》(2022),研究了美国电影制片人兼农民约翰·切斯特和他的妻子莫莉在过去十年中如何将以前死亡的缺乏生物多样性的土地变成莫莉的梦想农场。我的文章认为,这些电影展示了切斯特夫妇与植物、动物和多物种玩家之间错综复杂的关系,这是一种展示生态女权主义的关注和见解如何最好地融入有机食品/农业的方式,有机食品/农业在分析和行动中并不突出性别。本文由四个部分组成。第一篇描述了切斯特夫妇到来前后杏巷农场所面临的挑战。第二部分探讨了切斯特夫妇的“与土壤一起思考”,以及德拉·贝拉卡萨在《关怀之事》(2017)中对土壤关怀的承诺,展示了这在某种意义上如何成为唐娜·哈拉威和安娜·青所定义的避难所。第三部分通过强调“与麻烦相伴”的可能性,考察了切斯特夫妇处理冲突、挫折和生命损失的方法。最后,文章最后展示了切斯特夫妇如何通过照顾所有生命生态系统所必需的植物、动物和微生物,将杏巷农场作为一个共同繁荣的附属场所。
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引用次数: 0
Conserving Africa’s Eden? Green Colonialism, Neoliberal Capitalism, and Sustainable Development in Congo Basin Literature 保护非洲的伊甸园?绿色殖民主义、新自由主义资本主义与刚果盆地文学的可持续发展
0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-05-08 DOI: 10.3390/h12030038
Kenneth Toah Nsah
Starting with European colonization, African natural resources in particular and nature in general have been coveted and exploited mainly in the interest of Euro-American industrialized countries, with China as a recent major player from Asia. Interestingly, the incessant quest by some Western NGOs, institutions, and governments to protect and conserve African nature not only are inspired by ecological and climatic concerns but also often tend to propagate a false image of Africa as the last Eden of the earth in order to control Africa’s resources. Using literary texts, this article argues that some Euro-American transnational NGOs and some of their governments sometimes conspire with some African governments to spread global capitalism and green colonialism under the pretext of oxymoronic sustainable development as they attempt to conserve a mythical African Eden. Utilizing three novels and one play from the Congo Basin, namely In Koli Jean Bofane’s Congo Inc.: Le Testament de Bismarck (2014), Assitou Ndinga’s Les Marchands du développement durable (2006), Étienne Goyémidé’s Le Silence de la forêt ([1984] 2015), and Ekpe Inyang’s The Last Hope (2011), I contend that such Euro-American environmental NGOs and their governments sometimes impose and sustain fortress conservation (creation of protected areas) in the Congo Basin as a hidden means of coopting Africa’s nature and Africans into neoliberal capitalism. For the most part, instead of protecting the Congo Basin, green colonialists and developmentalists sell sustainable development, undermine alternative ways of achieving human happiness, and perpetuate epistemicide, thus leading to poverty and generating resentment among local and indigenous populations. As these literary texts suggest, nature conservation and sustainable development in the Congo Basin should not be imposed upon from the outside; they should emanate from Africans, tapping into local expertise, and indigenous and other knowledge systems.
从欧洲殖民开始,特别是非洲的自然资源和一般的自然资源一直被觊觎和开发,主要是为了欧美工业化国家的利益,中国是最近来自亚洲的主要参与者。有趣的是,一些西方非政府组织、机构和政府不断寻求保护和养护非洲的自然环境,不仅受到生态和气候问题的启发,而且往往倾向于传播非洲是地球上最后一个伊甸园的错误形象,以控制非洲的资源。本文以文学文本为依据,认为一些欧美跨国非政府组织及其政府有时与一些非洲政府合谋,以矛盾的可持续发展为借口,传播全球资本主义和绿色殖民主义,试图保护神话般的非洲伊甸园。利用来自刚果盆地的三部小说和一部戏剧,即In Koli Jean Bofane的《刚果公司》:《俾斯麦的遗嘱》(2014)、《Assitou Ndinga的《Les Marchands du ddsamevopement durable》(2006)、Étienne goysamopise的《Le Silence de la forêt》([1984]2015)以及Ekpe Inyang的《最后的希望》(2011),我认为这些欧美环境非政府组织及其政府有时会在刚果盆地强加和维持堡垒保护(创建保护区),作为将非洲的自然和非洲人纳入新自由主义资本主义的一种隐藏手段。在很大程度上,绿色殖民主义者和发展主义者不是保护刚果盆地,而是推销可持续发展,破坏实现人类幸福的其他途径,并使知识灭绝永续下去,从而导致贫困,并在当地和土著居民中引发怨恨。正如这些文学文本所表明的那样,刚果盆地的自然保护和可持续发展不应该从外部强加于人;它们应该来自非洲,利用当地的专业知识以及土著和其他知识体系。
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引用次数: 0
Productive Psychoses: Views on Terrorism and Politics in Homeland 生产性精神病:对本土恐怖主义与政治的看法
0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.3390/h12030037
Janna Houwen
In the eight seasons of Showtime’s television show Homeland, leading character Carrie suffers from a bipolar disorder which repeatedly results in psychotic episodes. During these psychotic breakdowns, her grip on reality is disturbed by delusions. However, her psychotic disposition also leads to abilities and insights that make her a valuable agent in international secret agencies such as the CIA. This essay examines how the productivity of Carrie’s psychoses can be related to the political, military-industrial order within which she operates as a spy fighting terrorism and other threats to national and international security. What does the fact that a person suffering from psychoses is able to comprehend complex international political processes tell us about these processes and the context in which they occur? To answer this question, I turn to two scholars, both of whom have theorized subjectivity in relation to psychosis: psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan and philosopher Mauricio Lazzarato. The radically different notions of Lacan and Lazzarato lead to different interpretations of Homeland. However, although Lazzarato is a critical opponent of Lacanian psychoanalysis, I demonstrate that Lacan’s psychoanalytical ideas and Lazzarato’s machine theories can to some extent be read as complementary in an analysis of Homeland, for what the two distinct theorists have in common is that they both relate subjectivity to sign systems—to the emergence and assignment of meaning, as well as to the suspension and absence thereof. This paper argues that the psychoses of Homeland’s lead character produce political meanings because of the condition’s specific relation to meaninglessness.
在Showtime电视节目《国土安全》的八季中,主角凯莉患有双相情感障碍,并多次出现精神病发作。在这些精神崩溃期间,她对现实的掌控被妄想所扰乱。然而,她的精神病倾向也导致了她的能力和洞察力,使她成为中情局等国际秘密机构的重要特工。本文探讨了嘉莉精神病的生产力如何与她作为间谍打击恐怖主义和其他国家和国际安全威胁的政治、军事工业秩序有关。一个患有精神病的人能够理解复杂的国际政治过程,这一事实告诉我们这些过程及其发生的背景是什么?为了回答这个问题,我求助于两位学者,他们都对精神病的主观性进行了理论化:精神分析学家雅克·拉康和哲学家毛里西奥·拉扎拉托。拉康和拉扎拉托截然不同的观念导致了对《国土安全》的不同解读。然而,尽管拉扎拉托是拉康精神分析的批判反对者,但我证明,在对《家园》的分析中,拉康的精神分析思想和拉扎拉图的机器理论在某种程度上可以被解读为互补的,因为这两位不同的理论家的共同点是,他们都将主观性与符号系统联系起来——与意义的出现和分配联系起来,以及其暂停和不存在。本文认为,《国土安全》主人公的心理状态之所以产生政治意义,是因为这种状态与无意义有着特殊的关系。
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引用次数: 0
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