Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2025.112986
Yang Xu , Fei Jiang , Bin Zheng , Guang-Lei Zhang , Ren-Hu Li
Objectives
To quantify interactions between sleep duration and activities of daily living (ADL) limitations on low back pain (LBP) in Chinese adults ≥45 years using China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) data.
Methods
This study presents a cross-sectional analysis of CHARLS data collected between 2011 and 2015. Participants self-reported their sleep duration and LBP experiences. ADL limitations were assessed using a 12-item scale. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the interaction effects of sleep duration and ADL limitations on LBP.
Results
Short sleep (OR = 1.50, 95 % CI 1.32, 1.70), basic activities of daily living (BADL) limitation (OR = 2.22, 95 % CI 1.68, 2.95), and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) limitation (OR = 2.01, 95 % CI 1.72, 2.36) were independently associated with LBP. Multiplicative interactions were significant for short sleep with BADL (OR = 3.03, 95 % CI 1.97, 4.67) and IADL (OR = 1.94, 95 % CI 1.53, 2.45), and for long sleep with BADL (OR = 2.54, 95 % CI 1.41, 4.56) and IADL (OR = 1.62, 95 % CI 1.20, 2.18). Additive synergy was found in adults ≥60 years with short sleep and BADL (RERI = 2.81, AP = 0.56, S = 3.32), while long sleep and IADL showed antagonism (RERI = -1.30, AP = -0.68, S = 0.41).
Conclusion
In adults ≥60 years, short sleep combined with BADL limitation exhibits an additive interaction on LBP, while long sleep combined with IADL limitation shows antagonism. Therefore, longitudinal studies are needed for causality and targeted interventions.
{"title":"The interactive influences of sleep duration and activities of daily living on low back pain: Insights from CHARLS","authors":"Yang Xu , Fei Jiang , Bin Zheng , Guang-Lei Zhang , Ren-Hu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To quantify interactions between sleep duration and activities of daily living (ADL) limitations on low back pain (LBP) in Chinese adults ≥45 years using China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) data.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study presents a cross-sectional analysis of CHARLS data collected between 2011 and 2015. Participants self-reported their sleep duration and LBP experiences. ADL limitations were assessed using a 12-item scale. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the interaction effects of sleep duration and ADL limitations on LBP.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Short sleep (OR = 1.50, 95 % CI 1.32, 1.70), basic activities of daily living (BADL) limitation (OR = 2.22, 95 % CI 1.68, 2.95), and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) limitation (OR = 2.01, 95 % CI 1.72, 2.36) were independently associated with LBP. Multiplicative interactions were significant for short sleep with BADL (OR = 3.03, 95 % CI 1.97, 4.67) and IADL (OR = 1.94, 95 % CI 1.53, 2.45), and for long sleep with BADL (OR = 2.54, 95 % CI 1.41, 4.56) and IADL (OR = 1.62, 95 % CI 1.20, 2.18). Additive synergy was found in adults ≥60 years with short sleep and BADL (RERI = 2.81, AP = 0.56, S = 3.32), while long sleep and IADL showed antagonism (RERI = -1.30, AP = -0.68, S = 0.41).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In adults ≥60 years, short sleep combined with BADL limitation exhibits an additive interaction on LBP, while long sleep combined with IADL limitation shows antagonism. Therefore, longitudinal studies are needed for causality and targeted interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 112986"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145673262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2025.112978
Laura Cianfruglia , Gretta Veronica Badillo Pazmay , Carlo Fortunato , Pietro Giorgio Spezia , Federica Novazzi , Francesco Piacenza , Marco Malavolta , Francesca Marchegiani , Rina Recchioni , Giulia Matacchione , Chiara Giordani , Maurizio Cardelli , Tiziana Casoli , Mirko Di Rosa , Antonio Cherubini , Giuseppe Pelliccioni , Riccardo Sarzani , Francesco Spannella , Fabrizia Lattanzio , Anna Rita Bonfigli , Robertina Giacconi
Torque teno virus (TTV) is a ubiquitous virus whose viremia increases in conditions of immune dysfunction and aging, suggesting its potential role as a biomarker of immunosenescence. This study investigated the association between TTV viremia and all-cause mortality risk over seven years in a hospitalized older cohort, and its relationship with inflammatory markers including osteopontin (OPN) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15). Data from 956 patients were analyzed, with high TTV load defined as ≥5 log DNA copies/mL. High TTV viremia was significantly associated with increased mortality risk at 1, 3, and 7 years independently of age, sex, comorbidities, and inflammatory markers. In stratified analyses, this association was significant at one year in both males and females, but persisted at three and seven years only in males. The strongest association was observed in participants aged 80–89 years, remaining significant across all follow-up periods. When patients were stratified by a composite immune score reflecting degrees of immunosenescence, high TTV viremia predicted increased mortality among those with intermediate or severe immune dysfunction, persisting up to seven years in the most immunosenescent subgroup. Patients with elevated TTV loads exhibited increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), decreased serum albumin and hemoglobin, and significantly higher plasma levels of OPN and GDF15, whereas IL-10 tended to decrease. No significant differences were observed for neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, IL-6, CD163, CCL22, or CXCL9 between high and low TTV viremia groups. These findings indicate that high TTV viremia independently predicts mortality risk and reflects a pro-inflammatory and immunosenescent state.
{"title":"High Torque teno virus viremia predicts long-term mortality and reflects chronic low-grade inflammation (inflammaging) in geriatric inpatients","authors":"Laura Cianfruglia , Gretta Veronica Badillo Pazmay , Carlo Fortunato , Pietro Giorgio Spezia , Federica Novazzi , Francesco Piacenza , Marco Malavolta , Francesca Marchegiani , Rina Recchioni , Giulia Matacchione , Chiara Giordani , Maurizio Cardelli , Tiziana Casoli , Mirko Di Rosa , Antonio Cherubini , Giuseppe Pelliccioni , Riccardo Sarzani , Francesco Spannella , Fabrizia Lattanzio , Anna Rita Bonfigli , Robertina Giacconi","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Torque teno virus (TTV) is a ubiquitous virus whose viremia increases in conditions of immune dysfunction and aging, suggesting its potential role as a biomarker of immunosenescence. This study investigated the association between TTV viremia and all-cause mortality risk over seven years in a hospitalized older cohort, and its relationship with inflammatory markers including osteopontin (OPN) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15). Data from 956 patients were analyzed, with high TTV load defined as ≥5 log DNA copies/mL. High TTV viremia was significantly associated with increased mortality risk at 1, 3, and 7 years independently of age, sex, comorbidities, and inflammatory markers. In stratified analyses, this association was significant at one year in both males and females, but persisted at three and seven years only in males. The strongest association was observed in participants aged 80–89 years, remaining significant across all follow-up periods. When patients were stratified by a composite immune score reflecting degrees of immunosenescence, high TTV viremia predicted increased mortality among those with intermediate or severe immune dysfunction, persisting up to seven years in the most immunosenescent subgroup. Patients with elevated TTV loads exhibited increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), decreased serum albumin and hemoglobin, and significantly higher plasma levels of OPN and GDF15, whereas IL-10 tended to decrease. No significant differences were observed for neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, IL-6, CD163, CCL22, or CXCL9 between high and low TTV viremia groups. These findings indicate that high TTV viremia independently predicts mortality risk and reflects a pro-inflammatory and immunosenescent state.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 112978"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145673272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2025.112972
Wanli Deng , Changqing Li , Xiaojiang Zhao
Background
The association between a single time-point measurement of sleep duration and sarcopenia has been extensively explored in existing literature. However, the potential link between sleep duration trajectories and sarcopenia remains largely unexplored. This study aims to assess the relationship between sleep duration trajectories and sarcopenia within a longitudinal cohort of middle-aged and older Chinese individuals.
Methods
This study analyzed a substantial cohort of participants (n = 6305), aged 45 to 80, drawn from the China Longitudinal Study of Health and Retirement (CHARLS). Sleep duration data, collected at intervals from 2011 to 2015, were employed to plot sleep duration trajectories using group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM). Sarcopenia was assessed utilizing data from 2015. Subsequently, a multivariable logistic regression model was applied to investigate the association between varying sleep duration trajectories and the risk of sarcopenia.
Results
Four distinct trajectories of sleep duration were identified: Class 1, characterized by persistently long sleep duration (n = 1391, 22.06 %); Class 2, characterized by persistently high-normal sleep duration (n = 2129, 33.77 %); Class 3, characterized by persistently low-normal sleep duration (n = 1401, 22.22 %); and Class 4, characterized by persistently short sleep duration (n = 1384, 21.95 %). In the model 0, both persistently long sleep duration (OR: 1.83, 95 % CI: 1.50–2.24; p < 0.001) and persistently short sleep duration (OR: 1.76, 95 % CI: 1.44–2.15; p < 0.001) were notably correlated with a greater risk of sarcopenia when compared to persistently high-normal sleep duration. Furthermore, the stratified analyses generally corroborated the primary findings.
Conclusions
Both persistently long and short sleep duration trajectories are associated with an elevated risk of sarcopenia, compared to persistently high-normal sleep duration trajectories among middle-aged and older Chinese adults. Furthermore, the findings highlight the essential need to monitor changes in sleep duration over time.
{"title":"Associations between sleep duration trajectories and sarcopenia among middle-aged and older Chinese adults","authors":"Wanli Deng , Changqing Li , Xiaojiang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The association between a single time-point measurement of sleep duration and sarcopenia has been extensively explored in existing literature. However, the potential link between sleep duration trajectories and sarcopenia remains largely unexplored. This study aims to assess the relationship between sleep duration trajectories and sarcopenia within a longitudinal cohort of middle-aged and older Chinese individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study analyzed a substantial cohort of participants (n = 6305), aged 45 to 80, drawn from the China Longitudinal Study of Health and Retirement (CHARLS). Sleep duration data, collected at intervals from 2011 to 2015, were employed to plot sleep duration trajectories using group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM). Sarcopenia was assessed utilizing data from 2015. Subsequently, a multivariable logistic regression model was applied to investigate the association between varying sleep duration trajectories and the risk of sarcopenia.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Four distinct trajectories of sleep duration were identified: Class 1, characterized by persistently long sleep duration (n = 1391, 22.06 %); Class 2, characterized by persistently high-normal sleep duration (n = 2129, 33.77 %); Class 3, characterized by persistently low-normal sleep duration (n = 1401, 22.22 %); and Class 4, characterized by persistently short sleep duration (n = 1384, 21.95 %). In the model 0, both persistently long sleep duration (OR: 1.83, 95 % CI: 1.50–2.24; p < 0.001) and persistently short sleep duration (OR: 1.76, 95 % CI: 1.44–2.15; p < 0.001) were notably correlated with a greater risk of sarcopenia when compared to persistently high-normal sleep duration. Furthermore, the stratified analyses generally corroborated the primary findings.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Both persistently long and short sleep duration trajectories are associated with an elevated risk of sarcopenia, compared to persistently high-normal sleep duration trajectories among middle-aged and older Chinese adults. Furthermore, the findings highlight the essential need to monitor changes in sleep duration over time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 112972"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145590469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2025.112977
Jiabao. Zhang , Kaiyin. Cui , Huiting. Wei , Hao. Su
Objective
To investigate the effects of 24-week different-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on renal fibrosis in naturally aging rats and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms based on the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.
Methods
Forty 12-month-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a baseline control group (Group B, n = 10), a natural aging control group (Group C, n = 10), a high-volume HIIT group (Group H1, 25-min, n = 10), and a low-volume HIIT group (Group H2, 15-min, n = 10). Group B was sacrificed at the beginning of the experiment. Group C was fed without exercise for 24 weeks. Groups H1 and H2 underwent treadmill training with corresponding volumes (3 days/week for 24 weeks). An incremental volume test was conducted every 4 weeks to adjust exercise intensity. Body weight, blood, and urine indicators were monitored every 4 weeks. ELISA was used to measure 24-h urinary protein, serum creatinine, and creatinine clearance rate in each group. Body composition was monitored using DEXA every 8 weeks. After the intervention, renal tissues were collected. Pathological morphology and fibrosis degree were observed via HE and Masson staining. The gene and protein expression of TGF-β1, Smad2, Smad3, and p-Smad2/3 in the kidneys were detected using qPCR and Western blot.
Results
Compared with Group C, both HIIT groups effectively inhibited the age-related increase in body fat percentage and loss of lean body mass (P < 0.05), significantly reduced 24-h urinary protein levels, maintained stable serum creatinine, and increased creatinine clearance rate (P < 0.05). Histological results showed that renal pathological damage was reduced in both HIIT groups, and the collagen volume fraction (CVF) was significantly lower than in Group C (P < 0.01). Molecular mechanism studies revealed that the expression of key molecules in the TGF-β1/Smad pathway was significantly higher in Group C than in Group B (P < 0.05). In contrast, HIIT intervention significantly suppressed the activation of this pathway, with Group H1 showing more comprehensive effects in reducing the protein expression of TGF-β1, Smad2/3, and p-Smad2/3.
Conclusion
24-week HIIT intervention can effectively delay the decline of renal function and the progression of renal fibrosis in naturally aging rats. Its protective effect may be associated with inhibiting the overactivation of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. High-volume HIIT (H1) induced a more profound suppression of the pro-fibrotic pathway, whereas low-volume HIIT (H2) represents a time-efficient strategy conferring notable protection at the phenotypic level.
{"title":"Mechanism by which 24-week different-volume high-intensity interval training ameliorates renal fibrosis in naturally aging rats via regulating the TGF-β1/Smad pathway","authors":"Jiabao. Zhang , Kaiyin. Cui , Huiting. Wei , Hao. Su","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112977","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the effects of 24-week different-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on renal fibrosis in naturally aging rats and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms based on the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty 12-month-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a baseline control group (Group B, <em>n</em> = 10), a natural aging control group (Group C, <em>n</em> = 10), a high-volume HIIT group (Group H1, 25-min, n = 10), and a low-volume HIIT group (Group H2, 15-min, n = 10). Group B was sacrificed at the beginning of the experiment. Group C was fed without exercise for 24 weeks. Groups H1 and H2 underwent treadmill training with corresponding volumes (3 days/week for 24 weeks). An incremental volume test was conducted every 4 weeks to adjust exercise intensity. Body weight, blood, and urine indicators were monitored every 4 weeks. ELISA was used to measure 24-h urinary protein, serum creatinine, and creatinine clearance rate in each group. Body composition was monitored using DEXA every 8 weeks. After the intervention, renal tissues were collected. Pathological morphology and fibrosis degree were observed via HE and Masson staining. The gene and protein expression of TGF-β1, Smad2, Smad3, and p-Smad2/3 in the kidneys were detected using qPCR and Western blot.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with Group C, both HIIT groups effectively inhibited the age-related increase in body fat percentage and loss of lean body mass (<em>P</em> < 0.05), significantly reduced 24-h urinary protein levels, maintained stable serum creatinine, and increased creatinine clearance rate (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Histological results showed that renal pathological damage was reduced in both HIIT groups, and the collagen volume fraction (CVF) was significantly lower than in Group C (<em>P</em> < 0.01). Molecular mechanism studies revealed that the expression of key molecules in the TGF-β1/Smad pathway was significantly higher in Group C than in Group B (<em>P</em> < 0.05). In contrast, HIIT intervention significantly suppressed the activation of this pathway, with Group H1 showing more comprehensive effects in reducing the protein expression of TGF-β1, Smad2/3, and p-Smad2/3.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>24-week HIIT intervention can effectively delay the decline of renal function and the progression of renal fibrosis in naturally aging rats. Its protective effect may be associated with inhibiting the overactivation of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. High-volume HIIT (H1) induced a more profound suppression of the pro-fibrotic pathway, whereas low-volume HIIT (H2) represents a time-efficient strategy conferring notable protection at the phenotypic level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 112977"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2025.112974
Jianxu Wang , Yijun Xin , Zihao Dong , Siying Li , Guang Yang
The core mechanism of skeletal aging lies in the comprehensive disruption of microenvironmental homeostasis, involving a multidimensional interactive network comprising immune cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and their differentiated lineages. Although osteoporosis (OP) and osteoarthritis (OA) have traditionally been viewed as distinct degenerative disorders, recent breakthroughs in osteoimmunology reveal their shared immune-aging mechanism: immune cell dysfunction within the bone marrow microenvironment triggers inflammaging, subsequently driving a vicious cycle of bone formation and resorption through the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). This review not only integrates the molecular landscape of osteoclast-osteoblast-immune triangular crosstalk but also highlights emerging mechanisms such as mitochondrial dysfunction, exosomal communication, and cell death mechanisms, systematically establishing the pivotal role of the immune microenvironment in bone aging and providing a theoretical framework for developing next-generation targeted therapies against skeletal aging.
{"title":"The interplay between the immune microenvironment and bone aging: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic interventions","authors":"Jianxu Wang , Yijun Xin , Zihao Dong , Siying Li , Guang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The core mechanism of skeletal aging lies in the comprehensive disruption of microenvironmental homeostasis, involving a multidimensional interactive network comprising immune cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and their differentiated lineages. Although osteoporosis (OP) and osteoarthritis (OA) have traditionally been viewed as distinct degenerative disorders, recent breakthroughs in osteoimmunology reveal their shared immune-aging mechanism: immune cell dysfunction within the bone marrow microenvironment triggers inflammaging, subsequently driving a vicious cycle of bone formation and resorption through the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). This review not only integrates the molecular landscape of osteoclast-osteoblast-immune triangular crosstalk but also highlights emerging mechanisms such as mitochondrial dysfunction, exosomal communication, and cell death mechanisms, systematically establishing the pivotal role of the immune microenvironment in bone aging and providing a theoretical framework for developing next-generation targeted therapies against skeletal aging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 112974"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This protocol for a randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the impact of exercise frequency on muscle strength, balance, and fall risk among institutionalized older adults. Recognizing the unique physical and functional limitations of this population, the study will test whether two or three weekly sessions of multicomponent exercise yield differential outcomes. Sixty participants residing in nursing homes will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: a control group performing exercise twice weekly and an experimental group training three times weekly, over a 12-week intervention period. All sessions will follow international guidelines for older adults, incorporating aerobic, strength, balance, and flexibility training at light-to-moderate intensity. Primary outcomes include lower- and upper-body strength and dynamic balance; secondary outcomes comprise waist circumference, body mass index, and fall incidence. The program is designed with progressive adaptation and safety in mind, employing the Talk Test to regulate intensity and standardized measures to monitor physiological responses. The rationale stems from the gap in existing literature regarding optimal exercise frequency for institutionalized populations. While two sessions per week have been associated with functional improvements, it remains unclear whether an additional weekly session provides significant incremental benefits. By isolating frequency as the primary variable, the trial addresses the need to define the minimum effective dose of structured exercise for enhancing physical activity, functional capacity, and reducing fall risk. Results are expected to inform tailored physical activity guidelines and implementation strategies in long-term care settings, balancing clinical efficacy with feasibility and safety constraints typical of institutional environments.
{"title":"Exploring how exercise frequency impacts muscle strength and balance in institutionalized older adults: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial","authors":"Filipe Rodrigues , Bernardo Pereira , Elisabete Silva , Diogo Monteiro , Raul Antunes","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This protocol for a randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the impact of exercise frequency on muscle strength, balance, and fall risk among institutionalized older adults. Recognizing the unique physical and functional limitations of this population, the study will test whether two or three weekly sessions of multicomponent exercise yield differential outcomes. Sixty participants residing in nursing homes will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: a control group performing exercise twice weekly and an experimental group training three times weekly, over a 12-week intervention period. All sessions will follow international guidelines for older adults, incorporating aerobic, strength, balance, and flexibility training at light-to-moderate intensity. Primary outcomes include lower- and upper-body strength and dynamic balance; secondary outcomes comprise waist circumference, body mass index, and fall incidence. The program is designed with progressive adaptation and safety in mind, employing the Talk Test to regulate intensity and standardized measures to monitor physiological responses. The rationale stems from the gap in existing literature regarding optimal exercise frequency for institutionalized populations. While two sessions per week have been associated with functional improvements, it remains unclear whether an additional weekly session provides significant incremental benefits. By isolating frequency as the primary variable, the trial addresses the need to define the minimum effective dose of structured exercise for enhancing physical activity, functional capacity, and reducing fall risk. Results are expected to inform tailored physical activity guidelines and implementation strategies in long-term care settings, balancing clinical efficacy with feasibility and safety constraints typical of institutional environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 112985"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145673237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-27DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2025.112979
Yu-Huei Wang , Ting-Fu Lai , Yung Liao , I-Lun Cheng , Ming-Chun Hsueh
Purpose
Effective strategies are needed to address declining physical activity (PA) and prolonged sedentary behavior (SB) in older women. This study examined the impact of accelerometer-based feedback and behavior change technique (BCTs) interventions on PA and SB patterns.
Methods
42 healthy older women (mean age = 72.6 ± 5.2 years) were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n = 22) or a control group (n = 20). The intervention group received real-time activity feedback via a wearable device and a 12-week BCTs intervention, including PA and SB education, exercise consultation, movement notifications, and goal setting. The control group maintained their usual lifestyle and wore an accelerometer without feedback. PA (step count, light-to-vigorous intensity) and SB (total sedentary time, frequency and total duration ≥30-min sedentary bouts, and sedentary breaks) were assessed using the ActiGraph wGT3X-BT.
Results
After 12 weeks, the intervention group showed significant improvements in total PA (p = .000; ⴄ2 = 0.450), daily step count (p = .011; ⴄ2 = 0.161),≥30-min sedentary bouts frequency (p = .000; ⴄ2 = 0.524), and total duration in >30-min sedentary bouts (p = .000; ⴄ2 = 0.513). No significant changes were found in specific-intensity PA, total sedentary time, and sedentary breaks.
Conclusion
Wearable feedback and BCT interventions effectively increased PA and reduced prolonged SB in older women.
{"title":"A randomized controlled trial of wearable accelerometer-based feedback and behavior change techniques to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary behavior in older women","authors":"Yu-Huei Wang , Ting-Fu Lai , Yung Liao , I-Lun Cheng , Ming-Chun Hsueh","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Effective strategies are needed to address declining physical activity (PA) and prolonged sedentary behavior (SB) in older women. This study examined the impact of accelerometer-based feedback and behavior change technique (BCTs) interventions on PA and SB patterns.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>42 healthy older women (mean age = 72.6 ± 5.2 years) were randomly assigned to an intervention group (<em>n</em> = 22) or a control group (<em>n</em> = 20). The intervention group received real-time activity feedback via a wearable device and a 12-week BCTs intervention, including PA and SB education, exercise consultation, movement notifications, and goal setting. The control group maintained their usual lifestyle and wore an accelerometer without feedback. PA (step count, light-to-vigorous intensity) and SB (total sedentary time, frequency and total duration ≥30-min sedentary bouts, and sedentary breaks) were assessed using the ActiGraph wGT3X-BT.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After 12 weeks, the intervention group showed significant improvements in total PA (<em>p</em> = .000; ⴄ<sup>2</sup> = 0.450), daily step count (<em>p</em> = .011; ⴄ<sup>2</sup> = 0.161),≥30-min sedentary bouts frequency (<em>p</em> = .000; ⴄ<sup>2</sup> = 0.524), and total duration in >30-min sedentary bouts (p = .000; ⴄ<sup>2</sup> = 0.513). No significant changes were found in specific-intensity PA, total sedentary time, and sedentary breaks.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Wearable feedback and BCT interventions effectively increased PA and reduced prolonged SB in older women.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 112979"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145642895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-27DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2025.112980
Yonghang He , Junxiang Wang , Yun Wen , Bo Yi , Yong Wang
Background
Previous observational studies have reported the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and diabetic nephropathy. However, it remains to be confirmed whether this association is causal. This study aimed to investigate the causal association of OSA with diabetic nephropathy and the mediating effect of common risk factors using Mendelian randomization (MR) design.
Method
The study data were sourced from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Bidirectional two-sample MR and multivariable MR analyses were conducted to assess causal relationships between OSA and diabetic nephropathy. Potential mediation by common risk factors was evaluated through two-step MR. In addition, the MR results were supported by various sensitivity and validation analyses.
Results
We presented genetic evidence that OSA could unidirectionally increase the risk of diabetic nephropathy (OR = 1.30; 95 % CI: 1.13, 1.50; p = 2.51 × 10−4). After adjusting for BMI, high blood pressure, blood glucose levels, glycated hemoglobin levels, severe insulin resistance, years of schooling, nap during day, processed meat consumption, and coffee intake, the causal effect of OSA on diabetic nephropathy remained statistically significant. Further mediation MR analysis showed that BMI and high blood pressure may mediate the causal relationship between OSA and diabetic nephropathy, with a mediation effect of 26.35 % and 9.91 %, respectively.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that genetically predicted OSA is associated with a higher risk of diabetic nephropathy. Additionally, BMI and high blood pressure are involved in the mechanism of OSA-induced diabetic nephropathy.
{"title":"Causal association and potential mediators between obstructive sleep apnea and diabetic nephropathy: A Mendelian randomization study","authors":"Yonghang He , Junxiang Wang , Yun Wen , Bo Yi , Yong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Previous observational studies have reported the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and diabetic nephropathy. However, it remains to be confirmed whether this association is causal. This study aimed to investigate the causal association of OSA with diabetic nephropathy and the mediating effect of common risk factors using Mendelian randomization (MR) design.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The study data were sourced from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Bidirectional two-sample MR and multivariable MR analyses were conducted to assess causal relationships between OSA and diabetic nephropathy. Potential mediation by common risk factors was evaluated through two-step MR. In addition, the MR results were supported by various sensitivity and validation analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We presented genetic evidence that OSA could unidirectionally increase the risk of diabetic nephropathy (OR = 1.30; 95 % CI: 1.13, 1.50; <em>p</em> = 2.51 × 10<sup>−4</sup>). After adjusting for BMI, high blood pressure, blood glucose levels, glycated hemoglobin levels, severe insulin resistance, years of schooling, nap during day, processed meat consumption, and coffee intake, the causal effect of OSA on diabetic nephropathy remained statistically significant. Further mediation MR analysis showed that BMI and high blood pressure may mediate the causal relationship between OSA and diabetic nephropathy, with a mediation effect of 26.35 % and 9.91 %, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings suggest that genetically predicted OSA is associated with a higher risk of diabetic nephropathy. Additionally, BMI and high blood pressure are involved in the mechanism of OSA-induced diabetic nephropathy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 112980"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145643023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2025.112976
J. Aflalo , C. Truong , A. Nicolaï , L. Gouzer , B. Morisset , F. Bertin-Hugault , D. Ricard , F. Quijoux
Postural balance in older adults is a key research focus, as impaired balance significantly increases fall risk, potentially leading to severe injury or mortality. Given age-related sensory decline, force-platform posturography assessing sensory perturbation effects could elucidate postural control deficits in aging. This systematic review and meta-analysis examines older adults' ability to maintain quiet stance during sensory perturbations.
We searched 8 databases for studies evaluating older adults' balance under various sensory conditions.
We included 64 articles in this review, for a total number of 4481 subjects. Proprioceptive and visual afferences were the most explored. Meta-analyses were conducted when several studies shared similar procedures and domain analysis for older adults (OA), older fallers (OF), and young adults (YA). They showed a significant impact of visual deprivation on older adults' balance for positional, dynamic and frequential variables, while it was significant only in the positional and dynamic domains for younger adults. When proprioception was disturbed, all the meta-analyses showed a significant impact on older adults.
We concluded that positional and dynamic variables are sensitive to sensory perturbations and therefore could be useful in geriatric balance assessment. However, we emphasize the variability in methodological approaches and reporting standards, which constrains the broader applicability of these findings. We posit that posturographic research requires standardization and the establishment of an expert consensus regarding clinically relevant variables to facilitate the integration of posturography into geriatric fall risk assessment protocols, preventive programs and rehabilitation care.
{"title":"Impact of sensory afferences in postural control quantified by force platform in healthy older adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"J. Aflalo , C. Truong , A. Nicolaï , L. Gouzer , B. Morisset , F. Bertin-Hugault , D. Ricard , F. Quijoux","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Postural balance in older adults is a key research focus, as impaired balance significantly increases fall risk, potentially leading to severe injury or mortality. Given age-related sensory decline, force-platform posturography assessing sensory perturbation effects could elucidate postural control deficits in aging. This systematic review and meta-analysis examines older adults' ability to maintain quiet stance during sensory perturbations.</div><div>We searched 8 databases for studies evaluating older adults' balance under various sensory conditions.</div><div>We included 64 articles in this review, for a total number of 4481 subjects. Proprioceptive and visual afferences were the most explored. Meta-analyses were conducted when several studies shared similar procedures and domain analysis for older adults (OA), older fallers (OF), and young adults (YA). They showed a significant impact of visual deprivation on older adults' balance for positional, dynamic and frequential variables, while it was significant only in the positional and dynamic domains for younger adults. When proprioception was disturbed, all the meta-analyses showed a significant impact on older adults.</div><div>We concluded that positional and dynamic variables are sensitive to sensory perturbations and therefore could be useful in geriatric balance assessment. However, we emphasize the variability in methodological approaches and reporting standards, which constrains the broader applicability of these findings. We posit that posturographic research requires standardization and the establishment of an expert consensus regarding clinically relevant variables to facilitate the integration of posturography into geriatric fall risk assessment protocols, preventive programs and rehabilitation care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 112976"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145610421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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