In this article, the reasons for the occurrence of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) and the effect of electrotherapy on it were discussed. Electrotherapy is a non-invasive and easy method to treat DOMS and muscle fatigue. As a result of intense and abnormal exercise, the creatine phosphokinase enzyme in the muscle increases and DOMS occur. DOMS can be treated with electrotherapy techniques such as micro-current electrotherapy. Micro-currents devices reduce the severity of DOMS symptoms by maintaining intracellular calcium homeostasis. Devices such as Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and Micro-Current Electrical Therapy (MET) belong to the category of micro-currents. The number of electrotherapy sessions after the occurrence of DOMS and the frequency of electrotherapy devices are two important factors in the treatment of DOMS. TENS conducts electrical current to the body through electrodes that attach to the skin, and helping to reduce pain by releasing endorphins, a natural painkiller, and blocking the passage of pain to the brain. MET uses resonant frequencies to aid in deeper and longer treatment, increase the body’s production of natural catalysts in the healing process, and is more useful in chronic pain than TENS. Research has shown that electrotherapy has been shown to improve DOMS symptoms.
{"title":"Effects of Electrotherapy on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS)","authors":"Hosseinian Sara","doi":"10.37871/jbres1313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1313","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the reasons for the occurrence of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) and the effect of electrotherapy on it were discussed. Electrotherapy is a non-invasive and easy method to treat DOMS and muscle fatigue. As a result of intense and abnormal exercise, the creatine phosphokinase enzyme in the muscle increases and DOMS occur. DOMS can be treated with electrotherapy techniques such as micro-current electrotherapy. Micro-currents devices reduce the severity of DOMS symptoms by maintaining intracellular calcium homeostasis. Devices such as Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and Micro-Current Electrical Therapy (MET) belong to the category of micro-currents. The number of electrotherapy sessions after the occurrence of DOMS and the frequency of electrotherapy devices are two important factors in the treatment of DOMS. TENS conducts electrical current to the body through electrodes that attach to the skin, and helping to reduce pain by releasing endorphins, a natural painkiller, and blocking the passage of pain to the brain. MET uses resonant frequencies to aid in deeper and longer treatment, increase the body’s production of natural catalysts in the healing process, and is more useful in chronic pain than TENS. Research has shown that electrotherapy has been shown to improve DOMS symptoms.","PeriodicalId":94067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical research & environmental sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80146864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of industries and the uncontrolled increase of population, the development of agricultural areas and the use of fertilizers and pesticides have caused industrial and municipal wastewaters as well as agricultural effluents with heavy metals to enter water ecosystems. After entering aquatic ecosystems, heavy metals accumulate in aquatic tissues and eventually enter the food chain. Research on heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems is important from a public health perspective, maintaining the balance of those ecosystems and preventing biodegradation due to the adverse effects of pollutants. So, researchers have focused on determining the level of pollution of various water sources, how metals are absorbed by aquatic animals, bioaccumulation of heavy metals in various aquatic tissues and the possibility of using aquatic animals as biological indicators based on pollutant monitoring. Due to the importance of this issue, the present study has investigated the effect of heavy metals on fish.
{"title":"A Review on the Effects of Heavy Metals on Aquatic Animals","authors":"Mohammad Forouhar Vajargah","doi":"10.37871/jbres1324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1324","url":null,"abstract":"The development of industries and the uncontrolled increase of population, the development of agricultural areas and the use of fertilizers and pesticides have caused industrial and municipal wastewaters as well as agricultural effluents with heavy metals to enter water ecosystems. After entering aquatic ecosystems, heavy metals accumulate in aquatic tissues and eventually enter the food chain. Research on heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems is important from a public health perspective, maintaining the balance of those ecosystems and preventing biodegradation due to the adverse effects of pollutants. So, researchers have focused on determining the level of pollution of various water sources, how metals are absorbed by aquatic animals, bioaccumulation of heavy metals in various aquatic tissues and the possibility of using aquatic animals as biological indicators based on pollutant monitoring. Due to the importance of this issue, the present study has investigated the effect of heavy metals on fish.","PeriodicalId":94067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical research & environmental sciences","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79514685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Messina, L. Boschini, Luigi Stagno dAlcontres, Stefano Milani, Maria Elena Cipollina, Gaia Bonandi, C. Bugea
Referred patient 14 years old (in orthodontic treatment) for a suspected resorption on a 2.1 that was exposed to a trauma [1]. After an apical x ray, a cone beam was performed to have a complete diagnosis [2,3]. Almost the 80% of the root is resorbed, after achieving the parents’ consent to the treatment, was planned an intentional replantation [4] and a retrograde approach. In case like this the treatment’s goal is an intentional replantation to stop the root resorption, removing all the resorbing tissue and rebuild the root by biodentine’s use [5]. The tooth was replanted and splinted to the ortho appliances to allow a precise position of replantation. The final X ray control confirmed the correct rebuilding of the root anatomy. After two weeks the endodontic treatment was performed at all. After 6 months the patient has completed the ortho treatment and the X ray control revealed a good response, the biodentine‘s stability and no sign of tissue inflammation. Since the good preliminary results at six months of the intentional replantation with Biodentine root rebuilding, this treatment, in young patient, can be considered as a good option to the maintainability of the tooth till the adult age and to long lasting prosthetic treatments.
{"title":"Intentional Replantation and 3d Obturation with Biodentine of a Resorbed Root in Young People: A Case Report","authors":"G. Messina, L. Boschini, Luigi Stagno dAlcontres, Stefano Milani, Maria Elena Cipollina, Gaia Bonandi, C. Bugea","doi":"10.37871/jbres1319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1319","url":null,"abstract":"Referred patient 14 years old (in orthodontic treatment) for a suspected resorption on a 2.1 that was exposed to a trauma [1]. After an apical x ray, a cone beam was performed to have a complete diagnosis [2,3]. Almost the 80% of the root is resorbed, after achieving the parents’ consent to the treatment, was planned an intentional replantation [4] and a retrograde approach. In case like this the treatment’s goal is an intentional replantation to stop the root resorption, removing all the resorbing tissue and rebuild the root by biodentine’s use [5]. The tooth was replanted and splinted to the ortho appliances to allow a precise position of replantation. The final X ray control confirmed the correct rebuilding of the root anatomy. After two weeks the endodontic treatment was performed at all. After 6 months the patient has completed the ortho treatment and the X ray control revealed a good response, the biodentine‘s stability and no sign of tissue inflammation. Since the good preliminary results at six months of the intentional replantation with Biodentine root rebuilding, this treatment, in young patient, can be considered as a good option to the maintainability of the tooth till the adult age and to long lasting prosthetic treatments.","PeriodicalId":94067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical research & environmental sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83763485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a standard physiological mechanism. It is essential to control the number of cells, balance cell division and cell death, regulate the immune system, and eliminate pathogen-infected cells. Apoptosis entailed a different investigation to determine related biochemical reactions such as activated caspase, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Lipid Peroxidation (LPO), and Evaluation of Glutathione Content (GSH) by using different techniques. HepG2 cells were exposed to +/- 0.4 and 0.8 mM t-BHP for specific times to induce toxicity for apoptosis detection. We aim to investigate the mechanism of cell death in treated HepG2 with t-BHP under consideration of the conditions of the cytoprotection assay. Results showed no strong evidence for apoptosis, although caspase-3 activity increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in treated HpG2 cells with 0.8 mM t-BHP at 150 minutes. The weak proof for apoptosis may attribute to the participation of Calpain through the cross-talk in blocking the caspase- activation. Similarly, we obtained significant ROS and lipid peroxidation increases in treated HepG2 cells with 0.8 mM t-BHP (p ≤ 0.05 and 0.01 respectively) at 150 minutes. Moreover, reported a (non-significant) decline in GSH amounts. Treatment of the cells with Q and I3C under the conditions used in the cytoprotection study prevented the weak activation of caspase-3 identified by western blot.
细胞凋亡或程序性细胞死亡是一种标准的生理机制。它对控制细胞数量，平衡细胞分裂和死亡，调节免疫系统，消除病原体感染细胞至关重要。凋亡需要不同的研究，以确定相关的生化反应，如活化的半胱天冬酶，活性氧(ROS)，脂质过氧化(LPO)，并通过使用不同的技术评估谷胱甘肽含量(GSH)。将HepG2细胞暴露于+/- 0.4和0.8 mM t-BHP特定时间诱导毒性，进行凋亡检测。我们的目的是在考虑细胞保护实验条件下，研究t-BHP处理HepG2细胞死亡的机制。结果显示，虽然在0.8 mM t-BHP处理的HpG2细胞150分钟caspase-3活性显著升高(p≤0.05)，但没有明显的凋亡证据。凋亡的微弱证据可能归因于Calpain通过串扰参与阻断caspase的激活。同样，0.8 mM t-BHP处理HepG2细胞150分钟后，ROS和脂质过氧化显著增加(p分别≤0.05和0.01)。此外，还报告了谷胱甘肽数量的(非显著)下降。在细胞保护研究中使用的条件下，用Q和I3C处理细胞可以阻止western blot鉴定的caspase-3的弱激活。
{"title":"Detection of Apoptosis Initiated in Treated HepG2 Cells with t-BHP: The Role of Phytochemicals to Reduce Toxicity and Stop Apoptosis","authors":"Maha J Hashim","doi":"10.37871/jbres1306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1306","url":null,"abstract":"Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a standard physiological mechanism. It is essential to control the number of cells, balance cell division and cell death, regulate the immune system, and eliminate pathogen-infected cells. Apoptosis entailed a different investigation to determine related biochemical reactions such as activated caspase, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Lipid Peroxidation (LPO), and Evaluation of Glutathione Content (GSH) by using different techniques. HepG2 cells were exposed to +/- 0.4 and 0.8 mM t-BHP for specific times to induce toxicity for apoptosis detection. We aim to investigate the mechanism of cell death in treated HepG2 with t-BHP under consideration of the conditions of the cytoprotection assay. Results showed no strong evidence for apoptosis, although caspase-3 activity increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in treated HpG2 cells with 0.8 mM t-BHP at 150 minutes. The weak proof for apoptosis may attribute to the participation of Calpain through the cross-talk in blocking the caspase- activation. Similarly, we obtained significant ROS and lipid peroxidation increases in treated HepG2 cells with 0.8 mM t-BHP (p ≤ 0.05 and 0.01 respectively) at 150 minutes. Moreover, reported a (non-significant) decline in GSH amounts. Treatment of the cells with Q and I3C under the conditions used in the cytoprotection study prevented the weak activation of caspase-3 identified by western blot.","PeriodicalId":94067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical research & environmental sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76551132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Palani, Evamaria B Kaiser, Soundarajan Periyaswamy
Introduction: Social Media (SoMe) is used for the rapid dissemination of information and learning but has its limiting factors. An integrated learning model labeled “Neph E Club” was initiated in 2015. Various social media platforms were used to achieve the goal of SoMe education and lifelong learning. A retrospective study was done to analyze this education model. Methods: Six years of experience with Neph E Club’s social media education model allowed us to look back on the essential components of the SoMe model from 2015 to 2021. Objectives, member recruitment, social media platform, content development, and sustainability were among the aspects investigated and analyzed. Its benefits and downsides were also investigated. Results: For the past 6 years, WhatsApp has been used as a SoMe platform. Other approaches such as Twitter, YouTube, dedicated server, and email methods failed to meet the target during the 6 years. There are now 1018 active members in the WhatsApp group. Downloading nephrology education resources from numerous social media learning websites and conference content to construct a 3 TB digital library and 800 GB of developed and shared content. Members were kept informed daily by sharing information gleaned from the digital library. Topics are chosen based on data analysis and group requests. Students and practitioners shared their contents which included case discussion and initiating data collections. The success of this model is reflected by having shared 2550 Audiovisual (AV) Lectures, 26700 journal articles, and 182 case discussions. Viewership numbers on average reach from 1200 to 2500 per month which indicated multiple sharing. ISN India in his presidential speech in 2017 recommended this model. Conclusion: Neph E Club - Integrated model of learning using SoMe and offline digital Nephrology Library is a cost-effective, widely accepted model of learning in India.
引言:社交媒体(Social Media, SoMe)用于信息和学习的快速传播，但也有其局限性。2015年推出了“Neph E Club”综合学习模式。利用各种社交媒体平台，实现SoMe教育和终身学习的目标。对该教育模式进行回顾性分析。方法:通过六年的Neph E Club社交媒体教育模式的经验，我们回顾了2015年至2021年SoMe模式的基本组成部分。调查和分析的方面包括目标、会员招募、社交媒体平台、内容开发和可持续性。它的优点和缺点也进行了调查。结果:在过去的6年里，WhatsApp一直作为一个SoMe平台使用。其他方法，如Twitter、YouTube、专用服务器和电子邮件等，在6年内都未能达到目标。现在WhatsApp群中有1018名活跃成员。从众多社交媒体学习网站和会议内容中下载肾脏病教育资源，构建3tb的数字图书馆和800gb的开发共享内容。通过分享从数字图书馆收集的信息，会员每天都能了解情况。根据数据分析和小组请求选择主题。学生和从业者分享了他们的内容，包括案例讨论和发起数据收集。这一模式的成功体现在共享2550个视听(AV)讲座，26700篇期刊文章和182个案例讨论。每月平均观看人数在1200 - 2500人之间，这意味着多次分享。印度在2017年的总统演讲中推荐了这种模式。结论:Neph E Club -使用SoMe和离线数字肾脏病图书馆的综合学习模式在印度是一种具有成本效益且被广泛接受的学习模式。
{"title":"Neph E Club-Successful Social Media Learning Model-Six Years on with 1K Nephrologist as Members","authors":"R. Palani, Evamaria B Kaiser, Soundarajan Periyaswamy","doi":"10.37871/jbres1308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1308","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Social Media (SoMe) is used for the rapid dissemination of information and learning but has its limiting factors. An integrated learning model labeled “Neph E Club” was initiated in 2015. Various social media platforms were used to achieve the goal of SoMe education and lifelong learning. A retrospective study was done to analyze this education model. Methods: Six years of experience with Neph E Club’s social media education model allowed us to look back on the essential components of the SoMe model from 2015 to 2021. Objectives, member recruitment, social media platform, content development, and sustainability were among the aspects investigated and analyzed. Its benefits and downsides were also investigated. Results: For the past 6 years, WhatsApp has been used as a SoMe platform. Other approaches such as Twitter, YouTube, dedicated server, and email methods failed to meet the target during the 6 years. There are now 1018 active members in the WhatsApp group. Downloading nephrology education resources from numerous social media learning websites and conference content to construct a 3 TB digital library and 800 GB of developed and shared content. Members were kept informed daily by sharing information gleaned from the digital library. Topics are chosen based on data analysis and group requests. Students and practitioners shared their contents which included case discussion and initiating data collections. The success of this model is reflected by having shared 2550 Audiovisual (AV) Lectures, 26700 journal articles, and 182 case discussions. Viewership numbers on average reach from 1200 to 2500 per month which indicated multiple sharing. ISN India in his presidential speech in 2017 recommended this model. Conclusion: Neph E Club - Integrated model of learning using SoMe and offline digital Nephrology Library is a cost-effective, widely accepted model of learning in India.","PeriodicalId":94067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical research & environmental sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74488170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Saleng, Bahruddin B, N. M, A. A, Agussalim A, Hermansyah H, Kusuma K
Various aspects of human life are organized in Muslim community, including health problems. Islam highly upholds the health in which many people are deceived from such health. One of the efforts that can be done to maintain the health given by god is to implement clean and healthy living behavior in families, schools and others. This research was conducted at Mosque of Antang, Makassar. This research was conducted using Cross Sectional design. The sample used as many as 40 respondents; data analysis used is univariate and bivariate with chi-square test. The results of statistical tests of hand washing orders and defecation obtained a value of p value of 0.000, and smoking prohibition obtained a value of p value of 0.001, the test results showed that there is a relationship between hand washing orders, defecation and smoking prohibition with clean and healthy living behavior, because the calculated value of P < α = 0.05. Based on the research, it can be concluded that clean and healthy living behavior of applied mosque antang is in the good category. Where they are washing their hands, make latrines and without smoking because of the encouragement of faith in their hearts, fear and obedience to the command of god and the magnitude of their love for the messenger. Therefore, it is expected through this research that the People of Indonesia to further increase faith and following to god and love and practice of the Messenger of God in daily life.
{"title":"Clean and Healthy Living Behaviors in Makassars Muslim Family related to the Faith and Religion","authors":"Muhammad Saleng, Bahruddin B, N. M, A. A, Agussalim A, Hermansyah H, Kusuma K","doi":"10.37871/jbres1318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1318","url":null,"abstract":"Various aspects of human life are organized in Muslim community, including health problems. Islam highly upholds the health in which many people are deceived from such health. One of the efforts that can be done to maintain the health given by god is to implement clean and healthy living behavior in families, schools and others. This research was conducted at Mosque of Antang, Makassar. This research was conducted using Cross Sectional design. The sample used as many as 40 respondents; data analysis used is univariate and bivariate with chi-square test. The results of statistical tests of hand washing orders and defecation obtained a value of p value of 0.000, and smoking prohibition obtained a value of p value of 0.001, the test results showed that there is a relationship between hand washing orders, defecation and smoking prohibition with clean and healthy living behavior, because the calculated value of P < α = 0.05. Based on the research, it can be concluded that clean and healthy living behavior of applied mosque antang is in the good category. Where they are washing their hands, make latrines and without smoking because of the encouragement of faith in their hearts, fear and obedience to the command of god and the magnitude of their love for the messenger. Therefore, it is expected through this research that the People of Indonesia to further increase faith and following to god and love and practice of the Messenger of God in daily life.","PeriodicalId":94067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical research & environmental sciences","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82872559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. U. Salim, Mohammad Rabie Alrohaibani, Mohammed Shabrawishi, Sobhy Atalla Ibrahim, Abed Sabry Elfar, Asma Mousa
Extragonadal germ cell tumors are the rare tumors originate commonly from the mediastinum and the reason is still unknown however; there are theories, which suggest that the gonadal cells in the mediastinum represent reverse migration from the gonads. A young female presented with mass originating from the middle lobe of lung and right sided pleural effusion that was drained, and biopsy was taken from the mass; diagnosed as choriocarcinoma. She received (BEP) Bleomycin, Etoposide and Cisplatin chemotherapy; responded well and her symptoms improved.
{"title":"A Young Female with Mass Originating from Middle Lobe of Lung-Choriocarcinoma: Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumor","authors":"M. U. Salim, Mohammad Rabie Alrohaibani, Mohammed Shabrawishi, Sobhy Atalla Ibrahim, Abed Sabry Elfar, Asma Mousa","doi":"10.37871/jbres1307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1307","url":null,"abstract":"Extragonadal germ cell tumors are the rare tumors originate commonly from the mediastinum and the reason is still unknown however; there are theories, which suggest that the gonadal cells in the mediastinum represent reverse migration from the gonads. A young female presented with mass originating from the middle lobe of lung and right sided pleural effusion that was drained, and biopsy was taken from the mass; diagnosed as choriocarcinoma. She received (BEP) Bleomycin, Etoposide and Cisplatin chemotherapy; responded well and her symptoms improved.","PeriodicalId":94067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical research & environmental sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84632018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Observations that some patients with knee arthritis feel better after a simple diagnostic arthroscopy date to the earliest days of American orthopedists using the procedure [1]. While arthroscopy was not widely employed for another half century, washout of the knee through an arthrotomy was among the procedures applied to osteoarthritis in the pre-total joint arthroplasty era [2].
{"title":"How to Wash Out a Knee","authors":"R. Ike","doi":"10.37871/jbres1320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1320","url":null,"abstract":"Observations that some patients with knee arthritis feel better after a simple diagnostic arthroscopy date to the earliest days of American orthopedists using the procedure [1]. While arthroscopy was not widely employed for another half century, washout of the knee through an arthrotomy was among the procedures applied to osteoarthritis in the pre-total joint arthroplasty era [2].","PeriodicalId":94067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical research & environmental sciences","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88466146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Whey being a by-product of dairy industry, although is highly nutritive, was previously regarded as a waste but with time found its application in feedstock, pharmaceutical and food industry. Whey’s composition varies with respect to multiple factors such as source of milk, type of whey (acid or sweet whey) etc. Main challenge in whey utilization is that it has less quantity of whey constituents which need to be purified. Previously, the methods such as heat or acid treatment, precipitation and salting out were efficient only on laboratory scale and caused degradation of native protein structure making it difficult to understand its functional, nutritional and therapeutic properties, shifting focus towards innovative techniques which give product of high purity, are rapid, efficient, cost effective, eco-friendly and easy to be scaled up. Among such techniques, membrane separation and chromatography are widely employed ones. There is always a concern about purity and use of a single technique leads to compromise between purification level and overall purified product yield, shifting focus towards coupling of separation techniques. The following article is a comprehensive approach towards novel approaches for the isolation and separation of different whey constituents such as whey protein isolate and whey protein hydrolysate etc. along with their application in dairy, food and pharmaceutical industry and animal feedstock.
{"title":"Recent Developments in Purification Techniques for Whey Valorization","authors":"M. Aslam, Ansa Khalid, Ghanwa Tahir, H. Mukhtar","doi":"10.37871/jbres1326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1326","url":null,"abstract":"Whey being a by-product of dairy industry, although is highly nutritive, was previously regarded as a waste but with time found its application in feedstock, pharmaceutical and food industry. Whey’s composition varies with respect to multiple factors such as source of milk, type of whey (acid or sweet whey) etc. Main challenge in whey utilization is that it has less quantity of whey constituents which need to be purified. Previously, the methods such as heat or acid treatment, precipitation and salting out were efficient only on laboratory scale and caused degradation of native protein structure making it difficult to understand its functional, nutritional and therapeutic properties, shifting focus towards innovative techniques which give product of high purity, are rapid, efficient, cost effective, eco-friendly and easy to be scaled up. Among such techniques, membrane separation and chromatography are widely employed ones. There is always a concern about purity and use of a single technique leads to compromise between purification level and overall purified product yield, shifting focus towards coupling of separation techniques. The following article is a comprehensive approach towards novel approaches for the isolation and separation of different whey constituents such as whey protein isolate and whey protein hydrolysate etc. along with their application in dairy, food and pharmaceutical industry and animal feedstock.","PeriodicalId":94067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical research & environmental sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86423524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Several heavy metals are found naturally in the earth crust and are exploited for various industrial and economic purposes. Among these heavy metals, a few have impact on the human body. Though some of these metals only have effect on human physiology in high doses, others such as cadmium, mercury, lead, chromium, silver, and arsenic have delirious effects in the body even in minute quantities, causing acute and chronic toxicities in human. Anxiety is a common psychiatric disorder among men and women. Occasional anxiety may be a normal a part of life. However, people with anxiety disorders frequently have intense, excessive and persistent worry and fear about everyday situations. Often, anxiety disorders involve repeated episodes of sudden feelings of intense anxiety and fear or terror that reach a peak within minutes (panic attacks). This study examined a major environmental risk factor of anxiety disorder and how the adverse impact of anxiety disorder could be ameliorated using zinc and vitamin E. Methods: Animals used for the researched were grouped into four. Group 1 represents control group; Group 2 represents animals exposed a heavy metal (CaCl2); Group 3 represents animals exposed to CaCl2 and then treated with zinc; and Group 4 represents animals exposed to CaCl2 and then treated vit E. Results: Results showed that exposure to heavy metals (CaCl2 in particular) causes severe anxiety disorders. Results also showed zinc and vit E have the capacity to ameliorate anxiety disorder caused by heavy metals. Conclusion: The human body should be adequately protected as man interacts with heavy metals to prevent anxiety disorder, and where a patient becomes a victim of the disorder, zinc and vit E could be used to manage the case.
{"title":"Effects of Heavy Metal Toxicity on Anxiety Disorder","authors":"Mfem Cc, Seriki Sa, Oyama Se","doi":"10.37871/jbres1294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1294","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Several heavy metals are found naturally in the earth crust and are exploited for various industrial and economic purposes. Among these heavy metals, a few have impact on the human body. Though some of these metals only have effect on human physiology in high doses, others such as cadmium, mercury, lead, chromium, silver, and arsenic have delirious effects in the body even in minute quantities, causing acute and chronic toxicities in human. Anxiety is a common psychiatric disorder among men and women. Occasional anxiety may be a normal a part of life. However, people with anxiety disorders frequently have intense, excessive and persistent worry and fear about everyday situations. Often, anxiety disorders involve repeated episodes of sudden feelings of intense anxiety and fear or terror that reach a peak within minutes (panic attacks). This study examined a major environmental risk factor of anxiety disorder and how the adverse impact of anxiety disorder could be ameliorated using zinc and vitamin E. Methods: Animals used for the researched were grouped into four. Group 1 represents control group; Group 2 represents animals exposed a heavy metal (CaCl2); Group 3 represents animals exposed to CaCl2 and then treated with zinc; and Group 4 represents animals exposed to CaCl2 and then treated vit E. Results: Results showed that exposure to heavy metals (CaCl2 in particular) causes severe anxiety disorders. Results also showed zinc and vit E have the capacity to ameliorate anxiety disorder caused by heavy metals. Conclusion: The human body should be adequately protected as man interacts with heavy metals to prevent anxiety disorder, and where a patient becomes a victim of the disorder, zinc and vit E could be used to manage the case.","PeriodicalId":94067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical research & environmental sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76127756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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