Pub Date : 2020-12-14DOI: 10.20998/10.20998/2079-0821.2020.02.09
G. Lisachuk, R. Kryvobok, A. Zakharov, V. Voloshchuk, L. Lisachuk, Y. Chefranov
The studies carried out concern the development of structural radiotransparent ceramic materials based on the four-component system BaO–SrO–Al2O3–SiO2. Due to the widespread use of radar equipment at modern aviation facilities, the development of radiotransparent fairings for them is a rather important and urgent task.The purpose of the fairings is to protect the antenna devices of radar stations from environmental influences during flight. Based on this, the fairings must meet a complex set of requirements for aerodynamic, thermal, radio engineering and mechanical properties. These requirements at supersonic flight speeds of modern objects increase significantly, since the improvement of the aerodynamic shape, the increase in the mechanical strength and thermal stability of the fairings contradicts the interests of radio engineering, leading to a significant deterioration in their radiotransparency and to distortions of antenna directional patterns. The consequence is a decrease in the range of radar stations and serious deterioration in their accuracy characteristics.The aim of the research was to obtain, on the basis of the BaO–SrO–Al2O3–SiO2 system, crystalline phases of slavsonit and celsian at low temperatures and times of synthesis, by introducing sintering intensifiers with fluxing and modifying action.The influence of a number of additives on the intensification of the low-temperature synthesis of slavsonit and celsian is investigated. The positive effect of the eutectic additive of the SnO2–Li2O system on the preparation of a densely sintered ceramic material based on solid solutions of slavsonit and monoclinic celsian is shown. It has been established that, according to its dielectric properties, the obtained ceramic material can be classified as structural radio-transparent materials.
{"title":"STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF INTENSIFYING ADDITIVES ON LOW-TEMPERATURE SYNTHESIS OF SLAVSONITE AND CELZIAN IN THE CREATION OF RADIOTRANSPARENT CERAMIC MATERIALS","authors":"G. Lisachuk, R. Kryvobok, A. Zakharov, V. Voloshchuk, L. Lisachuk, Y. Chefranov","doi":"10.20998/10.20998/2079-0821.2020.02.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/10.20998/2079-0821.2020.02.09","url":null,"abstract":"The studies carried out concern the development of structural radiotransparent ceramic materials based on the four-component system BaO–SrO–Al2O3–SiO2. Due to the widespread use of radar equipment at modern aviation facilities, the development of radiotransparent fairings for them is a rather important and urgent task.The purpose of the fairings is to protect the antenna devices of radar stations from environmental influences during flight. Based on this, the fairings must meet a complex set of requirements for aerodynamic, thermal, radio engineering and mechanical properties. These requirements at supersonic flight speeds of modern objects increase significantly, since the improvement of the aerodynamic shape, the increase in the mechanical strength and thermal stability of the fairings contradicts the interests of radio engineering, leading to a significant deterioration in their radiotransparency and to distortions of antenna directional patterns. The consequence is a decrease in the range of radar stations and serious deterioration in their accuracy characteristics.The aim of the research was to obtain, on the basis of the BaO–SrO–Al2O3–SiO2 system, crystalline phases of slavsonit and celsian at low temperatures and times of synthesis, by introducing sintering intensifiers with fluxing and modifying action.The influence of a number of additives on the intensification of the low-temperature synthesis of slavsonit and celsian is investigated. The positive effect of the eutectic additive of the SnO2–Li2O system on the preparation of a densely sintered ceramic material based on solid solutions of slavsonit and monoclinic celsian is shown. It has been established that, according to its dielectric properties, the obtained ceramic material can be classified as structural radio-transparent materials.","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83168213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-14DOI: 10.20998/10.20998/2079-0821.2020.02.01
M. Zinchenko, E. Ponomarenko, N. Bukatenko, Olga Holubkina
Water usage of sugar beet factories is characterized by a high level of consumption and a large volume of generated wastewater with a high concentration of mineral and organic pollution. Artificial biological purification facilities are mainly used for purification of sugar production effluents. While a scheme with two-stage aeration tanks is the most widespread in our country,anaerobic-aerobic regimens are frequently used abroad. It is more cost-effective, since the oxidation of large amounts of organic substances exclusively under aerobic conditions is associated with high energy consumption. The use of anaerobic digestion at the first stage allows reducing the concentration of organic substances in effluents by 60-90%, while the post-purification of remaining contaminants is carried out in stage-two aeration tanks with lower energy consumption. To assess the appropriateness of using a digester in the system of purification facilities of a particular enterprise, it is necessary to have information on the effectiveness of digestion and the optimal purification regime of the wastewater of that particular enterprise. This work studies the process of anaerobic digestion of wastewater at one of the beet sugar factories in Ukraine. The experiments were carried out in a bioreactor with an upward flow of activated sludge. The method of mathematical planning of an experiment was used in order to shorten the duration of the research. As a result, data was obtained regarding the influence of determining factors (flow rate, pH, temperature) on biogas yield and substrate fermentation depth. Received data proves the effectiveness and prospects of using anaerobic digestion in the first stage of biological fermentation of wastewater at a sugar beet production.
{"title":"ANAEROBIC BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT OF SUGAR PRODUCTION","authors":"M. Zinchenko, E. Ponomarenko, N. Bukatenko, Olga Holubkina","doi":"10.20998/10.20998/2079-0821.2020.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/10.20998/2079-0821.2020.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"Water usage of sugar beet factories is characterized by a high level of consumption and a large volume of generated wastewater with a high concentration of mineral and organic pollution. Artificial biological purification facilities are mainly used for purification of sugar production effluents. While a scheme with two-stage aeration tanks is the most widespread in our country,anaerobic-aerobic regimens are frequently used abroad. It is more cost-effective, since the oxidation of large amounts of organic substances exclusively under aerobic conditions is associated with high energy consumption. The use of anaerobic digestion at the first stage allows reducing the concentration of organic substances in effluents by 60-90%, while the post-purification of remaining contaminants is carried out in stage-two aeration tanks with lower energy consumption. To assess the appropriateness of using a digester in the system of purification facilities of a particular enterprise, it is necessary to have information on the effectiveness of digestion and the optimal purification regime of the wastewater of that particular enterprise. This work studies the process of anaerobic digestion of wastewater at one of the beet sugar factories in Ukraine. The experiments were carried out in a bioreactor with an upward flow of activated sludge. The method of mathematical planning of an experiment was used in order to shorten the duration of the research. As a result, data was obtained regarding the influence of determining factors (flow rate, pH, temperature) on biogas yield and substrate fermentation depth. Received data proves the effectiveness and prospects of using anaerobic digestion in the first stage of biological fermentation of wastewater at a sugar beet production.","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"2008 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82563540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-14DOI: 10.20998/10.20998/2079-0821.2020.02.04
M. Sakhnenko, M. Ved’, N. Markova, I. Stepanova, Aleksandr Halak, S. Menshov, Aleksey Matykin
The processes of plasma-electrolytic formation of heteroxide coatings on titanium alloys for the photocatalytic disintegration of natural and technogenic toxicants are studied. Synthesis of coatings was carried out from aqueous diphosphate solutions in the galvanostatic mode. For a quantitative description of photocatalytic reactions, reaction rate constants were calculated from the linearized dependences lnCt/C0, where Ct is the current concentration of the azodye and C0 is the initial concentration of the reactant. The surface morphology of the coatings was studied by atomic force microscopy and visualized the results by reconstructing the relief in the form of 2D and 3D topographic maps. The morphological features of titanium (IV) oxide coatings and heteroxide composites containing zinc and / or copper oxides are analyzed. It has been shown that the specific surface remains an effective factor in controlling the photocatalytic activity of coatings; therefore, the establishment of the morphology of heteroxide composites, as well as methods for controlling this parameter of the target product, is an invariable component of a systematic study of such materials when establishing their functional properties. It is established that, in comparison with titanium oxide coatings, whose surface layers are characterized by toroidal mesostructures, heteroxide compositions have a more developed surface, which positively affects their functional properties. Subsequent heat treatment also has the same effect on coating properties. The rate constants of the photocatalytic decomposition of the methyl orange azodye, determined under similar conditions, were used to rank coatings of various compositions according to their functional properties. Thus, for the reaction on the surface of titanium oxide, the rate constant is 1.56∙10–3 min–1, while for the heterooxide layer TiO2·ZnO it increases to 5.8∙10–3 min–1. The coating of TiO2·ZnO is the most catalytically active, although the TiO2·ZnO·CuO system also accelerates the decomposition process with a degree of degradation of 25% for 60 minutes, further, the efficiency of the catalyst decreases.
{"title":"METALOXIDE COMPOSITES FOR PHOTOCATALYTIC DISINTEGRATION OF TOXICANTS","authors":"M. Sakhnenko, M. Ved’, N. Markova, I. Stepanova, Aleksandr Halak, S. Menshov, Aleksey Matykin","doi":"10.20998/10.20998/2079-0821.2020.02.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/10.20998/2079-0821.2020.02.04","url":null,"abstract":"The processes of plasma-electrolytic formation of heteroxide coatings on titanium alloys for the photocatalytic disintegration of natural and technogenic toxicants are studied. Synthesis of coatings was carried out from aqueous diphosphate solutions in the galvanostatic mode. For a quantitative description of photocatalytic reactions, reaction rate constants were calculated from the linearized dependences lnCt/C0, where Ct is the current concentration of the azodye and C0 is the initial concentration of the reactant. The surface morphology of the coatings was studied by atomic force microscopy and visualized the results by reconstructing the relief in the form of 2D and 3D topographic maps. The morphological features of titanium (IV) oxide coatings and heteroxide composites containing zinc and / or copper oxides are analyzed. It has been shown that the specific surface remains an effective factor in controlling the photocatalytic activity of coatings; therefore, the establishment of the morphology of heteroxide composites, as well as methods for controlling this parameter of the target product, is an invariable component of a systematic study of such materials when establishing their functional properties. It is established that, in comparison with titanium oxide coatings, whose surface layers are characterized by toroidal mesostructures, heteroxide compositions have a more developed surface, which positively affects their functional properties. Subsequent heat treatment also has the same effect on coating properties. The rate constants of the photocatalytic decomposition of the methyl orange azodye, determined under similar conditions, were used to rank coatings of various compositions according to their functional properties. Thus, for the reaction on the surface of titanium oxide, the rate constant is 1.56∙10–3 min–1, while for the heterooxide layer TiO2·ZnO it increases to 5.8∙10–3 min–1. The coating of TiO2·ZnO is the most catalytically active, although the TiO2·ZnO·CuO system also accelerates the decomposition process with a degree of degradation of 25% for 60 minutes, further, the efficiency of the catalyst decreases.","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"2014 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73382617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-14DOI: 10.20998/10.20998/2079-0821.2020.02.02
K. Rutkovska, Hennadii Tulskyi, Valerii Homozov, A. Rusinov
A gas diffusion electrode was used to implement depolarization of the cathodic process with atmospheric oxygen to improve the production of sodium hypochlorite by electrolysis of an aqueous solution of sodium chloride. As materials for the implementation of depolarization of the cathode process on a porous cathode from the grid, we selected: manganese oxides, cobalt oxides, ruthenium oxides. These oxides are characterized by low overvoltage of the oxygen reaction. Oxides of selected metals were applied to a mesh current lead by thermal decomposition of coating solutionsю. The gas diffusion electrode consisted of a lined titanium current lead, a dispersant of gas made of porous graphite, and an external mesh working element, on which cathodic reactions occurred. The preparation of a catalytically active layer of oxide-metal coatings was carried out by thermal decomposition of coating solutions. This method fully complies with the requirements for oxide-metal electrodes for the electrolysis of aqueous solutions of sodium chloride: the ability to control the composition of the composite coating in a wide range of component concentrations. On the current-voltage cyclic dependences of the cathodic process, for all the materials studied, certain areas of oxygen reduction and combined oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution are observed. The first section of oxygen reduction is observed to the equilibrium potentials of the hydrogen reaction (approximately –0.42 V). The oxygen reduction rate is small and amounts to 3...5 mA/cm2. There is no difference in the current-voltage dependence due to the high potential sweep speed, which does not lead to oxygen depletion in the case of cathode operation without air supply. In the second section (at potentials, more negative equilibrium potentials of the hydrogen reaction), a significant increase in the rate of the cathodic reaction due to hydrogen evolution is observed. Oxygen, in this case, is reduced at the limiting current density. In the third section (more than –1.5 V), the speed of the cathodic process is almost completely determined by the rate of hydrogen evolution. The effect of air supply to the gas diffusion cathode is observed when comparing the reverse stroke of cyclic current–voltage dependences. On the surface of the steel mesh, an increase in the reverse current is observed in the potential range –1.0 to 0 V. Which indicates an increase in adsorbed particles involved in the cathodic process. As shown earlier, this range of potentials corresponds to the 1st and 2nd sections of the obtained dependences in which the predominant oxygen reduction occurs. Therefore, an increase in the reverse current, with potentials more positive than 1.0 V, can be explained by the effect of oxygen adsorption on the surface of gas-permeable mesh steel cathodes when air is supplied. The addition of hypochlorite ion has practically no effect on the current density in the first and second sections of the current – voltage
{"title":"SUBSTANTIATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF APPLICATION OF A GAS-DIFFUSION CATHODE IN ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF HYPOCHLORITE SOLUTIONS","authors":"K. Rutkovska, Hennadii Tulskyi, Valerii Homozov, A. Rusinov","doi":"10.20998/10.20998/2079-0821.2020.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/10.20998/2079-0821.2020.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"A gas diffusion electrode was used to implement depolarization of the cathodic process with atmospheric oxygen to improve the production of sodium hypochlorite by electrolysis of an aqueous solution of sodium chloride. As materials for the implementation of depolarization of the cathode process on a porous cathode from the grid, we selected: manganese oxides, cobalt oxides, ruthenium oxides. These oxides are characterized by low overvoltage of the oxygen reaction. Oxides of selected metals were applied to a mesh current lead by thermal decomposition of coating solutionsю. The gas diffusion electrode consisted of a lined titanium current lead, a dispersant of gas made of porous graphite, and an external mesh working element, on which cathodic reactions occurred. The preparation of a catalytically active layer of oxide-metal coatings was carried out by thermal decomposition of coating solutions. This method fully complies with the requirements for oxide-metal electrodes for the electrolysis of aqueous solutions of sodium chloride: the ability to control the composition of the composite coating in a wide range of component concentrations. On the current-voltage cyclic dependences of the cathodic process, for all the materials studied, certain areas of oxygen reduction and combined oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution are observed. The first section of oxygen reduction is observed to the equilibrium potentials of the hydrogen reaction (approximately –0.42 V). The oxygen reduction rate is small and amounts to 3...5 mA/cm2. There is no difference in the current-voltage dependence due to the high potential sweep speed, which does not lead to oxygen depletion in the case of cathode operation without air supply. In the second section (at potentials, more negative equilibrium potentials of the hydrogen reaction), a significant increase in the rate of the cathodic reaction due to hydrogen evolution is observed. Oxygen, in this case, is reduced at the limiting current density. In the third section (more than –1.5 V), the speed of the cathodic process is almost completely determined by the rate of hydrogen evolution. The effect of air supply to the gas diffusion cathode is observed when comparing the reverse stroke of cyclic current–voltage dependences. On the surface of the steel mesh, an increase in the reverse current is observed in the potential range –1.0 to 0 V. Which indicates an increase in adsorbed particles involved in the cathodic process. As shown earlier, this range of potentials corresponds to the 1st and 2nd sections of the obtained dependences in which the predominant oxygen reduction occurs. Therefore, an increase in the reverse current, with potentials more positive than 1.0 V, can be explained by the effect of oxygen adsorption on the surface of gas-permeable mesh steel cathodes when air is supplied. The addition of hypochlorite ion has practically no effect on the current density in the first and second sections of the current – voltage","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90955785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-22DOI: 10.20998/0821.2020.01.04
A. Grigorov, Oleksii Oleksandroych Мardupehko, I. Sinkevich, K. Shevchenko
The protective properties of petroleum products obtained with the use of secondary raw materials, in particular plastic oils and polymer-containing bitumen, are investigated. The technology of obtaining plastic oils, was to conduct thermal degradation of polymeric wastes of polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene under laboratory conditions at atmospheric pressure in a batch reactor, with subsequent removal from the products of high-boiling fractions (onset of boiling > 320 °C), which match to plastic lubricant by their properties. Bitumen, in turn, was obtained by compounding high-boiling oil residues, in particular oil sludge with 10% by weight of polymeric additives of polypropylene and expanded polystyrene. For these products, resistance to atmospheric corrosion arising from the operation or storage of materials with metallic surfaces in open air, and environmental corrosion, which arises from the location of technological equipment and communications in the soil, especially in the presence of moisture, was investigated. In the process of researching it was found that both plastic oils and tested bitumen with all types of polymers have high protective properties. They prevent the formation of grade 3 metal sheets in aqueous solutions of 10 % NaCl and 3 % Na 2 SO 3 corrosion cells, which mimic the effects of atmospheric corrosion. The study of the influence of electrochemical corrosion was carried out using polarization dependences obtained under laboratory conditions, using the potentiostat P-45X. To determine the protective properties we used working electrodes made of carbon steel grade St3 (Celsius = 0.14 cm 2 ), reinforced in a frame of epoxy resin ED-5 with a hardener polyethylene polyamine with a deposited layer (layer thickness 0.1 mm) of the investigated of petroleum products that were placed in 0.5 M NaCl solution. It was determined that during the studies for 30 days, in the considered range of values, there was no change in the current density at a constant value of the potential (2.5 V), indicating the absence of electrochemical corrosion and the high protective properties of petroleum from secondary raw materials.
{"title":"PROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF OIL PRODUCTS RECEIVED OF WASTE","authors":"A. Grigorov, Oleksii Oleksandroych Мardupehko, I. Sinkevich, K. Shevchenko","doi":"10.20998/0821.2020.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/0821.2020.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"The protective properties of petroleum products obtained with the use of secondary raw materials, in particular plastic oils and polymer-containing bitumen, are investigated. The technology of obtaining plastic oils, was to conduct thermal degradation of polymeric wastes of polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene under laboratory conditions at atmospheric pressure in a batch reactor, with subsequent removal from the products of high-boiling fractions (onset of boiling > 320 °C), which match to plastic lubricant by their properties. Bitumen, in turn, was obtained by compounding high-boiling oil residues, in particular oil sludge with 10% by weight of polymeric additives of polypropylene and expanded polystyrene. For these products, resistance to atmospheric corrosion arising from the operation or storage of materials with metallic surfaces in open air, and environmental corrosion, which arises from the location of technological equipment and communications in the soil, especially in the presence of moisture, was investigated. In the process of researching it was found that both plastic oils and tested bitumen with all types of polymers have high protective properties. They prevent the formation of grade 3 metal sheets in aqueous solutions of 10 % NaCl and 3 % Na 2 SO 3 corrosion cells, which mimic the effects of atmospheric corrosion. The study of the influence of electrochemical corrosion was carried out using polarization dependences obtained under laboratory conditions, using the potentiostat P-45X. To determine the protective properties we used working electrodes made of carbon steel grade St3 (Celsius = 0.14 cm 2 ), reinforced in a frame of epoxy resin ED-5 with a hardener polyethylene polyamine with a deposited layer (layer thickness 0.1 mm) of the investigated of petroleum products that were placed in 0.5 M NaCl solution. It was determined that during the studies for 30 days, in the considered range of values, there was no change in the current density at a constant value of the potential (2.5 V), indicating the absence of electrochemical corrosion and the high protective properties of petroleum from secondary raw materials.","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78964252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-22DOI: 10.20998/0821.2020.01.10
Y. Krasnopolsky
In Ukraine, for 45 years (1975-2020), biotechnological and bionanotechnological studies were conducted to obtain lipid active pharmaceutical ingredients and create diagnostic and medicinal products. Phospholipids and glycolipids are important participants in biological reactions. Methods for obtaining highly purified phospholipid and ganglioside ingredients are proposed using technological methods of lipid chemistry and biotechnology. The authors have studied physicochemical and biological properties of phospholipids and gangliosides. The structure of the isolated lipid substances was confirmed. The studies of biological activity of the gangliosides with a number of models have confirmed their high biological activity: antiviral, reparative, immunostimulating. The studies allowed for creation a number of diagnostic lipid antigens and drugs, that were implemented in production in Ukraine and other countries. For the first time in CIS in Ukraine, liposomal forms of preparations having antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and membrane-protective pharmacological properties have been developed. The scope of biotechnology application in this field is constantly expanding and is of interest to practical medicine and business now. And while the issues in this area are still far from over, it is already obvious that this line of research will allow for raising to a new level the development of methods of diagnosis and treatment of human diseases in the future. It should be noted that biotechnological studies lipids and liposomal forms are the basis of this line of research. Nanoforms of pharmaceuticals, in particular liposomes, can solve the problem of giving new unique properties to known active pharmaceutical ingredients and consequently increase therapeutic efficacy. Research on obtaining liposomal drugs based on hydrophobic antioxidants is carried out at the Department of Biotechnology, Biophysics and Analytical Chemistry, NTU "KhPI".
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR OBTAINING ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS, MEDICINAL AND DIAGNOSTIC PREPARATIONS BASED ON LIPIDS IN UKRAINE","authors":"Y. Krasnopolsky","doi":"10.20998/0821.2020.01.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/0821.2020.01.10","url":null,"abstract":"In Ukraine, for 45 years (1975-2020), biotechnological and bionanotechnological studies were conducted to obtain lipid active pharmaceutical ingredients and create diagnostic and medicinal products. Phospholipids and glycolipids are important participants in biological reactions. Methods for obtaining highly purified phospholipid and ganglioside ingredients are proposed using technological methods of lipid chemistry and biotechnology. The authors have studied physicochemical and biological properties of phospholipids and gangliosides. The structure of the isolated lipid substances was confirmed. The studies of biological activity of the gangliosides with a number of models have confirmed their high biological activity: antiviral, reparative, immunostimulating. The studies allowed for creation a number of diagnostic lipid antigens and drugs, that were implemented in production in Ukraine and other countries. For the first time in CIS in Ukraine, liposomal forms of preparations having antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and membrane-protective pharmacological properties have been developed. The scope of biotechnology application in this field is constantly expanding and is of interest to practical medicine and business now. And while the issues in this area are still far from over, it is already obvious that this line of research will allow for raising to a new level the development of methods of diagnosis and treatment of human diseases in the future. It should be noted that biotechnological studies lipids and liposomal forms are the basis of this line of research. Nanoforms of pharmaceuticals, in particular liposomes, can solve the problem of giving new unique properties to known active pharmaceutical ingredients and consequently increase therapeutic efficacy. Research on obtaining liposomal drugs based on hydrophobic antioxidants is carried out at the Department of Biotechnology, Biophysics and Analytical Chemistry, NTU \"KhPI\".","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86833330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-22DOI: 10.20998/0821.2020.01.05
Yuliya Sachanova, M. Sakhnenko, M. Ved’, T. Nenastina, V. Proskurina
The possibility of electrosynthesis and control of the composition of galvanic coatings by alloys based on metals of the iron group with refractory metals, in particular molybdenum, from a complex citrate electrolyte by varying the electrolysis modes has been proved. It has been established that coatings with a high oxygen content are formed by direct current, namely, more molybdenum oxides are fixed in these coatings in comparison with coatings used in unipolar pulsed electrolysis. In the latter case, the oxygen content on the protrusions and depressions is much lower and is respectively 21 at.% And 25 at.%. It was shown that during pulsed electrolysis, the content of the metal form of molybdenum is higher as a result of the reduction of molybdenum oxides with intermediate oxidation levels by hydrogen ad-atoms, which are formed in the partial cathodic reaction. The reduction occurs due to the spillover effect, the implementation of which is most effective during a current interruption. The formation of the oxide phase of inclusions directly during electrolysis without introducing it into the electrolyte as a second phase is justified. Depending on the completeness of this process, conditions are created for the formation of a metal coating from ternary alloys or metal oxide composites, the second phase of which consists of molybdenum oxides of an intermediate oxidation state, that is, a process is formed directly in the electrode. According to the results of atomic force microscopy, it was found that coatings synthesized in the galvanostatic mode can be classified as composite electrolytic materials, and the cathode deposit obtained as a result of unsteady electrolysis can be attributed to metal. The doped coatings obtained in a pulsed mode are characterized by lower porosity. The surface free energy for metal and composite coatings was calculated, the values of which are 127.74 mJ/m 2 and 118.10 mJ/m 2 . When testing the electrocatalytic activity of Fe-Co-Mo ternary alloys in the reaction of electrolytic hydrogen evolution, high values of the hydrogen exchange current density were obtained both for metal and composite coatings.
{"title":"ELECTROLYSIS MODES VARIATION АS A UNIVERSAL METHOD FOR CONTROL THE ELECTROLYTIC COATING COMPOSITION","authors":"Yuliya Sachanova, M. Sakhnenko, M. Ved’, T. Nenastina, V. Proskurina","doi":"10.20998/0821.2020.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/0821.2020.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"The possibility of electrosynthesis and control of the composition of galvanic coatings by alloys based on metals of the iron group with refractory metals, in particular molybdenum, from a complex citrate electrolyte by varying the electrolysis modes has been proved. It has been established that coatings with a high oxygen content are formed by direct current, namely, more molybdenum oxides are fixed in these coatings in comparison with coatings used in unipolar pulsed electrolysis. In the latter case, the oxygen content on the protrusions and depressions is much lower and is respectively 21 at.% And 25 at.%. It was shown that during pulsed electrolysis, the content of the metal form of molybdenum is higher as a result of the reduction of molybdenum oxides with intermediate oxidation levels by hydrogen ad-atoms, which are formed in the partial cathodic reaction. The reduction occurs due to the spillover effect, the implementation of which is most effective during a current interruption. The formation of the oxide phase of inclusions directly during electrolysis without introducing it into the electrolyte as a second phase is justified. Depending on the completeness of this process, conditions are created for the formation of a metal coating from ternary alloys or metal oxide composites, the second phase of which consists of molybdenum oxides of an intermediate oxidation state, that is, a process is formed directly in the electrode. According to the results of atomic force microscopy, it was found that coatings synthesized in the galvanostatic mode can be classified as composite electrolytic materials, and the cathode deposit obtained as a result of unsteady electrolysis can be attributed to metal. The doped coatings obtained in a pulsed mode are characterized by lower porosity. The surface free energy for metal and composite coatings was calculated, the values of which are 127.74 mJ/m 2 and 118.10 mJ/m 2 . When testing the electrocatalytic activity of Fe-Co-Mo ternary alloys in the reaction of electrolytic hydrogen evolution, high values of the hydrogen exchange current density were obtained both for metal and composite coatings.","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81014189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-22DOI: 10.20998/0821.2020.01.06
V. Bulavin, I. V’unik, A. Kramarenko, A. Rusinov
Diffusion coefficient and diffusion displacement length () of 5 tetraalkylammonium (TAA) ions (from Me 4 N + to Pe 4 N + ) in water, ethylene glycol (EG), formamide (F), and monoethanolamine (MEA) are calculated from literature data on the limiting molar electrical conductivity of these ions at 298.15 К. The sign of deviation from the Stokes-Einstein law in the form (– r i ), where r i is ion structural radius as a criterion for solvation of ions is used. In these solvents type of near solvation for TAA cations was established: positive if the parameter It is shown that adequate values of the degree of hydrophobic hydration of TAA ions in water> 0 can be obtained for the hydrodynamic boundary slip condition>0 ; negative - for values (– r i ) 0 can be obtained for the hydrodynamic boundary “slip” condition. The last depend on the scale of TAA ions structural radii. We analysed experimental results of studying solvophobic solvation of TAA ions in water, formamide, ethylene glycol and monoethanolamine and concluded that the van der Waals Marcus radius scale is the most physically reasonable. Parameter has maximum value in water and minimum one in monoethanolamine for the first five symmetric TAA ions in these solvents. In the series of H 2 O - F - EG - MEA value decreases. This is consistent with the increase in viscosity in this range of solvents. In order to eliminate ambiguities in calculating the quantitative characteristics of near solvation, a general approach was developed. This approach based on the use of a specific scale of radii and hydrodynamic condition of ion "slip" when setting the Stokes-Einstein law.
{"title":"SPECIFICS OF ESTABLISHING TETRAALKYLAMONIUM IONS NEAR SOLVATION’ IN SOLVENTS WITH A SPATIAL NETWORK OF H-BONDS","authors":"V. Bulavin, I. V’unik, A. Kramarenko, A. Rusinov","doi":"10.20998/0821.2020.01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/0821.2020.01.06","url":null,"abstract":"Diffusion coefficient and diffusion displacement length () of 5 tetraalkylammonium (TAA) ions (from Me 4 N + to Pe 4 N + ) in water, ethylene glycol (EG), formamide (F), and monoethanolamine (MEA) are calculated from literature data on the limiting molar electrical conductivity of these ions at 298.15 К. The sign of deviation from the Stokes-Einstein law in the form (– r i ), where r i is ion structural radius as a criterion for solvation of ions is used. In these solvents type of near solvation for TAA cations was established: positive if the parameter It is shown that adequate values of the degree of hydrophobic hydration of TAA ions in water> 0 can be obtained for the hydrodynamic boundary slip condition>0 ; negative - for values (– r i ) 0 can be obtained for the hydrodynamic boundary “slip” condition. The last depend on the scale of TAA ions structural radii. We analysed experimental results of studying solvophobic solvation of TAA ions in water, formamide, ethylene glycol and monoethanolamine and concluded that the van der Waals Marcus radius scale is the most physically reasonable. Parameter has maximum value in water and minimum one in monoethanolamine for the first five symmetric TAA ions in these solvents. In the series of H 2 O - F - EG - MEA value decreases. This is consistent with the increase in viscosity in this range of solvents. In order to eliminate ambiguities in calculating the quantitative characteristics of near solvation, a general approach was developed. This approach based on the use of a specific scale of radii and hydrodynamic condition of ion \"slip\" when setting the Stokes-Einstein law.","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75322653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-22DOI: 10.20998/0821.2020.01.01
M. Shorokhov, A. Suvorin, M. Ozheredova
The expediency of applying the reagent method for wastewater treatment of industrial enterprises containing Cr 6+ under conditions of real production using water-soluble salts of Pb 2+ with the formation of a poorly soluble salt of PbCrO 4 was used as a precipitating agent. The effect of temperature and mixing intensity on the chemical deposition of PbCrO 4 in the H 2 CrO 4 -Pb(CH 3 COO) 2 -H 2 O system is studied. A solution of Н 2 CrО 4 with a concentration of 100 mg/l (in terms of Cr (IV)), which models a typical wash water of the first stage of washing of the process of electrochemical chromium plating, was used as a starting material. An aqueous solution of lead oxalate saturated at 20°C was used as a precipitant (30,7 g/100 g of water). The precipitating solution was dosed once to chromium (VI) - containing solution, based on the following molar ratios: stoichiometric amount (100%) and an excess of 120 and 150% to form lead chromate. The temperature was maintained at the level of: 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 °С, and the rotation speed of the mixer shaft was maintained at the levels: 0 (without mixing), 1.4; 2; 2.5 and 3 rpm. After dosing the precipitator solution, the resulting suspensions were kept under stirring and at the set temperature for 60 minutes and defended with a parallel sedimentation analysis. Studies have established that at a temperature of 20 ÷ 30 ° C and an excess of the precipitating reagent solution of 20 ÷ 50%, it is possible to obtain residual Cr 6+ concentrations in purified solutions close to the MPC level. The most optimal mixing speed of suspensions is 1.5 ÷ 2 rpm. This mixing intensity helps to increase the separation rate of the resulting suspensions, allows one to obtain a PbCrO 4 precipitate with particle sizes of 1.4–1.6 μm, and does not increase the residual Cr 6+ concentration in purified solutions. With increasing excess of precipitant, the growth rate of PbCrO 4 crystals decreases compared to the rate of nucleation. Thus, the feasibility of using an aqueous solution of Pb(CH 3 COO) 2 as a precipitating reagent for the purification of Cr 6+ -containing wastewater from electrochemical plants has been shown.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE AND INTENSITIVITY OF MIXING ON TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CHEMICALLY RECEIVED SUSPENSION OF PBCRO4","authors":"M. Shorokhov, A. Suvorin, M. Ozheredova","doi":"10.20998/0821.2020.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/0821.2020.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"The expediency of applying the reagent method for wastewater treatment of industrial enterprises containing Cr 6+ under conditions of real production using water-soluble salts of Pb 2+ with the formation of a poorly soluble salt of PbCrO 4 was used as a precipitating agent. The effect of temperature and mixing intensity on the chemical deposition of PbCrO 4 in the H 2 CrO 4 -Pb(CH 3 COO) 2 -H 2 O system is studied. A solution of Н 2 CrО 4 with a concentration of 100 mg/l (in terms of Cr (IV)), which models a typical wash water of the first stage of washing of the process of electrochemical chromium plating, was used as a starting material. An aqueous solution of lead oxalate saturated at 20°C was used as a precipitant (30,7 g/100 g of water). The precipitating solution was dosed once to chromium (VI) - containing solution, based on the following molar ratios: stoichiometric amount (100%) and an excess of 120 and 150% to form lead chromate. The temperature was maintained at the level of: 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 °С, and the rotation speed of the mixer shaft was maintained at the levels: 0 (without mixing), 1.4; 2; 2.5 and 3 rpm. After dosing the precipitator solution, the resulting suspensions were kept under stirring and at the set temperature for 60 minutes and defended with a parallel sedimentation analysis. Studies have established that at a temperature of 20 ÷ 30 ° C and an excess of the precipitating reagent solution of 20 ÷ 50%, it is possible to obtain residual Cr 6+ concentrations in purified solutions close to the MPC level. The most optimal mixing speed of suspensions is 1.5 ÷ 2 rpm. This mixing intensity helps to increase the separation rate of the resulting suspensions, allows one to obtain a PbCrO 4 precipitate with particle sizes of 1.4–1.6 μm, and does not increase the residual Cr 6+ concentration in purified solutions. With increasing excess of precipitant, the growth rate of PbCrO 4 crystals decreases compared to the rate of nucleation. Thus, the feasibility of using an aqueous solution of Pb(CH 3 COO) 2 as a precipitating reagent for the purification of Cr 6+ -containing wastewater from electrochemical plants has been shown.","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77804696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-22DOI: 10.20998/0821.2020.01.07
O. Savvova, Svіatoslav Rіabinin, G. Voronov, A. Fesenko, J. Smirnova
Определены перспективные методы получения высокопрочных стеклокерамических материалов на основе литийалюмосиликатних стекол по керамической технологии. Проведен анализ разработок по укреплению стеклокристаллических материалов с содержанием сподумена. Разработаны композиционные материалы на основе сподуменовых стеклокристаллических материалов, модифицированные диоксидом циркония стабилизированного оксидом иттрия. Установлено, что для алюмосиликатных стекол характерно протекание процесса объемной тонкодисперсной кристаллизации стекла с формированием кристаллов β-сподумена в количестве 80 об. % соответственно в условиях низкотемпературной кратковременной двухстадийной термической обработки. Установлено, что обеспечение плотно упакованной структуры материала обеспечивается за счет наличия фракций не более 125 мкм ≈ 70 об. %, не более 63 мкм - 15 об. %, не более 25 мкм - 15 об. %. Исследовано влияние структуры стеклокристаллических материалов на их механические свойства и установлены основные критерии обеспечения высоких показателей трещиностойкости, ударопрочности и бронестойкости. Наличие для разработанного ситалла фаз с различными упругими свойствами позволяет обеспечить более эффективное разрушение ударника и минимизацию запреградного действия. Сравнительная оценка разработанного ударопрочного стеклокристаллического материала и известного элемента бронезащиты позволила установить перспективность использования ситалла как бронеэлемента с эксплуатационными свойствами на уровне мировых аналогов. Важными аспектами эффективного внедрения разработанного материала является его уменьшенная стоимость и вес по сравнению с керамическими бронеэлементами. Также существенное снижение плотности и повышение трещиностойкости разработанного материала при частичной замене сверхтвердого керамического бронеелемента на стеклокерамические материалы в качестве енергоразрушающего и дробящего слоя, позволит уменьшить вес и повысить в системе керамика - ситалл - кевлар живучесть брони при обстреле. Это позволит повысить конкурентоспособность отечественных защитных бронеелементив на мировом рынке.
{"title":"INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES ON THE ARMOR RESISTANCE OF SUBDOMAIN GLASS CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS","authors":"O. Savvova, Svіatoslav Rіabinin, G. Voronov, A. Fesenko, J. Smirnova","doi":"10.20998/0821.2020.01.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/0821.2020.01.07","url":null,"abstract":"Определены перспективные методы получения высокопрочных стеклокерамических материалов на основе литийалюмосиликатних стекол по керамической технологии. Проведен анализ разработок по укреплению стеклокристаллических материалов с содержанием сподумена. Разработаны композиционные материалы на основе сподуменовых стеклокристаллических материалов, модифицированные диоксидом циркония стабилизированного оксидом иттрия. Установлено, что для алюмосиликатных стекол характерно протекание процесса объемной тонкодисперсной кристаллизации стекла с формированием кристаллов β-сподумена в количестве 80 об. % соответственно в условиях низкотемпературной кратковременной двухстадийной термической обработки. Установлено, что обеспечение плотно упакованной структуры материала обеспечивается за счет наличия фракций не более 125 мкм ≈ 70 об. %, не более 63 мкм - 15 об. %, не более 25 мкм - 15 об. %. Исследовано влияние структуры стеклокристаллических материалов на их механические свойства и установлены основные критерии обеспечения высоких показателей трещиностойкости, ударопрочности и бронестойкости. Наличие для разработанного ситалла фаз с различными упругими свойствами позволяет обеспечить более эффективное разрушение ударника и минимизацию запреградного действия. Сравнительная оценка разработанного ударопрочного стеклокристаллического материала и известного элемента бронезащиты позволила установить перспективность использования ситалла как бронеэлемента с эксплуатационными свойствами на уровне мировых аналогов. Важными аспектами эффективного внедрения разработанного материала является его уменьшенная стоимость и вес по сравнению с керамическими бронеэлементами. Также существенное снижение плотности и повышение трещиностойкости разработанного материала при частичной замене сверхтвердого керамического бронеелемента на стеклокерамические материалы в качестве енергоразрушающего и дробящего слоя, позволит уменьшить вес и повысить в системе керамика - ситалл - кевлар живучесть брони при обстреле. Это позволит повысить конкурентоспособность отечественных защитных бронеелементив на мировом рынке.","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"16 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75732656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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