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Polystyrene nanoplastics enhance thrombosis through adsorption of plasma proteins. 聚苯乙烯纳米塑料通过吸附血浆蛋白促进血栓形成。
Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136168
Chao Sheng, Guozhen Wang, Zijia Liu, Yuchen Zheng, Zijie Zhao, Duo Tang, Wenzhuo Li, Ao Li, Qi Zong, Renhang Zhou, Xiaonan Hou, Mengfei Yao, Zhixiang Zhou

Plastic products offer remarkable convenience for modern life. However, growing concerns are emerging regarding the potential health hazards posed by nanoplastics, which formed as plastics break down. Currently, the biological effects and mechanisms induced by nanoplastics are largely underexplored. In this study, we report that polystyrene nanoplastics can enter the bloodstream and enhance thrombus formation. Our findings show that polystyrene nanoplastics adsorb plasma proteins, particularly coagulation factor XII and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, play a key role in this process, as demonstrated by proteomics, bioinformatic analyses, and molecular dynamics simulations. The adsorption of these proteins by nanoplastics is an essential factor in thrombosis enhancement. This newly uncovered pathway of protein adsorption leading to enhanced thrombosis provides new insights into the biological effects of nanoplastics, which may inform future safety and environmental risk assessment of plastics.

塑料产品为现代生活提供了极大的便利。然而,人们越来越关注塑料分解过程中形成的纳米塑料对健康造成的潜在危害。目前,人们对纳米塑料的生物效应和机理还缺乏深入研究。在本研究中,我们报告了聚苯乙烯纳米塑料可进入血液并促进血栓形成。我们的研究结果表明,聚苯乙烯纳米塑料吸附血浆蛋白,尤其是凝血因子 XII 和纤溶酶原激活剂抑制剂-1,在这一过程中发挥了关键作用,这一点已通过蛋白质组学、生物信息学分析和分子动力学模拟得到证实。纳米塑料对这些蛋白质的吸附是增强血栓形成的一个重要因素。这种新发现的导致血栓形成增强的蛋白质吸附途径为了解纳米塑料的生物效应提供了新的视角,可为未来塑料的安全和环境风险评估提供参考。
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引用次数: 0
First insight into the environmental fate of N-acetylated sulfonamides from wastewater disinfection to solar-irradiated receiving waters. 首次了解 N-乙酰化磺酰胺从废水消毒到太阳照射受纳水体的环境归宿。
Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136172
Shuiqin Shi, Zhantu Ye, Jiayan Jiang, Junmei Yan, Xin Yu, Mingbao Feng

The worldwide detection of emerging transformation products of organic micropollutants has raised accumulating concerns owing to their unknown environmental fate and undesired toxicity. This work first explored the reaction kinetics and mechanisms of the prevalent N-acetylated sulfonamides (N4-AcSAs, the typical sulfonamide metabolites) from wastewater disinfection to solar-irradiated receiving waters. The transformation scenarios included chlorination/bromination, photodegradation, and solar/chlorine treatment. The halogenations of two N4-AcSAs (N4-acetylated sulfadiazine, N4-AcSDZ; N4-acetylated sulfamethoxazole, N4-AcSMX) were pH-dependent at pH 5.0-8.0, and the reactions between the neutral forms of oxidants and anionic N4-AcSAs dominated the process. Furthermore, solar-based photolysis significantly eliminated N4-AcSAs in small water bodies with low dissolved organic carbon levels, while the indirect photolysis mediated by hydroxyl radicals and carbonate radicals contributed the most. The presence of chlorine residues in solar-irradiated wastewater effluents promoted the decay of N4-AcSAs, in which the generated hydroxyl radicals and ozone played a major role. Product analysis suggested the main transformation patterns of N4-AcSAs during the above scenarios included electrophilic attack, bond cleavage, SO2 extrusion, hydroxylation, and rearrangement. Multiple secondary products maintained higher persistence, mobility, and toxicity to aquatic organisms than N4-AcSAs. Overall, the natural and engineered transformations of such micropollutants underlined the necessity of including their degradation products in future chemical management and risk assessment.

在全球范围内发现的新出现的有机微污染物转化产物因其未知的环境归宿和不良毒性而引发了越来越多的关注。这项研究首先探讨了普遍存在的 N-乙酰化磺酰胺(N4-AcSAs,典型的磺酰胺代谢物)从废水消毒到太阳照射受纳水体的反应动力学和机理。转化方案包括氯化/溴化、光降解和太阳能/氯处理。在 pH 值为 5.0-8.0 时,两种 N4-AcSA(N4-乙酰化磺胺嘧啶,N4-AcSDZ;N4-乙酰化磺胺甲噁唑,N4-AcSMX)的卤化反应与 pH 值有关,中性氧化剂与阴离子 N4-AcSA 之间的反应在整个过程中占主导地位。此外,在溶解有机碳含量较低的小水体中,太阳能光解显著消除了 N4-AcSAs,而由羟基自由基和碳酸自由基介导的间接光解则贡献最大。经太阳照射的废水中残留的氯促进了 N4-AcSAs 的衰变,其中生成的羟基自由基和臭氧发挥了主要作用。产物分析表明,在上述情况下,N4-AcSAs 的主要转化模式包括亲电攻击、键裂解、SO2 挤压、羟基化和重排。与 N4-AcSAs 相比,多种次级产物具有更高的持久性、流动性和对水生生物的毒性。总之,此类微污染物的自然和工程转化强调了将其降解产物纳入未来化学品管理和风险评估的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
CuS enabled efficient Fenton-like oxidation of phenylarsonic acid and inorganic arsenic immobilization. CuS 实现了苯胂酸的高效芬顿式氧化和无机砷固定。
Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136171
Wei Liu, Fengfeng Zhou, Huan Yang, Yunxiao Shi, Yaxin Qin, Hongwei Sun, Lizhi Zhang

Herein, copper sulfide (CuS) was introduced to the Fenton-like (Fe(III)/H2O2) system for the efficient removal of phenylarsonic acid (PAA). Results of reactive oxygen and Fe/Cu species showed that CuS preferentially reacted with Fe(III) and H2O2 to generate Cu(I) and superoxide anion (•O2-). These reductive species could efficiently promote the Fe(III)/Fe(II) and Cu(II)/Cu(I) cycles, and are beneficial to the sequential Fenton reaction to generate •OH. The organoic/inorganic arsenic species detected in the CuS/Fe(III)/H2O2 system confirmed that PAA was oxidized by •OH to hydroxylated organoarsenic and phenolic intermediates, which were further mineralized to oxalate and formic acid. Meanwhile, the inorganic As(III)/As(V) released during PAA degradation were efficiently immobilized by CuS. The PAA removal efficiency remained as high as 92.9 % after 5 cycles of the CuS-mediated Fenton-like process. These results demonstrate an innovative method for the treatment of organoarsenic-contaminated water, and provide new insights into the enhanced Fenton-like process utilizing sulfide minerals.

在此,硫化铜(CuS)被引入到类似芬顿(Fe(III)/H2O2)的体系中,以高效去除苯胂酸(PAA)。活性氧和铁/铜物种的研究结果表明,CuS 优先与 Fe(III) 和 H2O2 反应生成 Cu(I) 和超氧阴离子 (-O2-)。这些还原物种可有效促进 Fe(III)/Fe(II) 和 Cu(II)/Cu(I) 循环,并有利于 Fenton 顺序反应生成 -OH。在 CuS/Fe(III)/H2O2 体系中检测到的有机砷/无机砷物种证实 PAA 被 -OH 氧化成羟基化的有机砷和酚类中间产物,并进一步矿化成草酸和甲酸。同时,PAA 降解过程中释放的无机砷(III)/砷(V)被 CuS 有效固定。在 CuS 介导的类芬顿过程中,经过 5 个循环后,PAA 的去除率仍高达 92.9%。这些结果展示了一种处理有机砷污染水的创新方法,并为利用硫化物矿物质增强类芬顿过程提供了新的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Abundant small microplastics hidden in water columns of the Yellow Sea and East China Sea: Distribution, transportation and potential risk. 隐藏在黄海和东海水体中的大量小型微塑料:分布、运输和潜在风险。
Pub Date : 2024-10-05 Epub Date: 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135531
Jia Lin, Jia-Yuan Zheng, Zhi-Geng Zhan, Yuan-Ming Zhao, Qian-Zhi Zhou, Juan Peng, Yan Li, Xi Xiao, Jiang-Hai Wang

Microplastics (MPs) pose significant concerns for marine ecological security due to their minuteness and ubiquity. However, comprehensive knowledge on their distribution and fate in seawater columns remains limited. This study investigated the abundances and characteristics of MPs across 3-6 water layers in the South Yellow Sea and East China Sea. Results indicate that high-abundance small MPs (< 100 µm) (average 6567 items/m3) were hidden beneath the sea-surface, predominantly fine-grained particles (< 20 µm) and high-density polymers (> 1.03 g/cm3). The total suspended MPs (5.0-834.2 µm) are estimated at 2.9-3.1 × 1017 particles, with most of them occurring in upper layers. In profiles, their distribution varied by physical properties with depth; fragment-shaped and high-density MPs increased in proportion at greater depths, contrasting with fibrous MPs. These MPs originated primarily from the Yangtze River and their winter transport was driven by the Yangtze River Dilution Water, East China Sea Coastal Current, and Yellow Sea Warm Current, resulting in their accumulation in coastal and estuarine regions. Consequently, the Yangtze River Estuary ecosystem faces substantial risks from MP pollution throughout the water column. This work unveils the prevalence of small MPs in coastal water columns and intricate interaction between their fate and hydrodynamic conditions.

微塑料(MPs)因其微小和无处不在而对海洋生态安全构成重大威胁。然而,对其在海水水柱中的分布和归宿的全面了解仍然有限。本研究调查了南黄海和东海 3-6 个水层中 MPs 的丰度和特征。结果表明,高丰度的小MPs(< 100 µm)(平均6567个/立方米)隐藏在海面下,主要是细颗粒物(< 20 µm)和高密度聚合物(> 1.03 g/cm3)。悬浮微粒(5.0-834.2 微米)的总量估计为 2.9-3.1 × 1017 个,其中大部分出现在上层。在剖面上,它们的分布因物理特性的不同而随深度的变化而变化;碎片状和高密度多孔质颗粒的比例在深度越大时越高,与纤维状多孔质颗粒形成鲜明对比。这些 MPs 主要来源于长江,其冬季迁移受长江稀释水、东海沿岸流和黄海暖流的驱动,导致其在沿岸和河口地区聚集。因此,长江口生态系统面临着MP污染整个水体的巨大风险。这项研究揭示了小型 MPs 在沿岸水体中的普遍存在,以及它们的归宿与水动力条件之间错综复杂的相互作用。
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引用次数: 0
Deciphering the spatial organization of fibrotic microenvironment in silica particles-induced pulmonary fibrosis. 解密二氧化硅颗粒诱导的肺纤维化中纤维化微环境的空间组织。
Pub Date : 2024-10-05 Epub Date: 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135540
Liliang Yang, Xinyan Wei, Piaopiao Sun, Jing Wang, Xinbei Zhou, Xinxin Zhang, Wei Luo, Yun Zhou, Wei Zhang, Shencun Fang, Jie Chao

Silicosis represents a form of interstitial lung disease induced by the inhalation of silica particles in production environments. A key pathological characteristic of silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis is its localized tissue heterogeneity, which presents significant challenges in analyzing transcriptomic data due to the loss of important spatial context. To address this, we integrate spatial gene expression data with single-cell analyses and achieve a detailed mapping of cell types within and surrounding fibrotic regions, revealing significant shifts in cell populations in normal and diseased states. Additionally, we explore cell interactions within fibrotic zones using ligand-receptor mapping, deepening our understanding of cellular dynamics in these areas. We identify a subset of fibroblasts, termed Inmt fibroblasts, that play a suppressive role in the fibrotic microenvironment. Validating our findings through a comprehensive suite of bioinformatics, histological, and cell culture studies highlights the role of monocyte-derived macrophages in shifting Inmt fibroblast populations into profibrotic Grem1 fibroblast, potentially disrupting lung homeostasis in response to external challenges. Hence, the spatially detailed deconvolution offered by our research markedly advances the comprehension of cell dynamics and environmental interactions pivotal in the development of pulmonary fibrosis.

矽肺是在生产环境中吸入二氧化硅颗粒而诱发的一种间质性肺病。二氧化硅诱导的肺纤维化的一个主要病理特征是局部组织异质性,由于失去了重要的空间背景,这给转录组数据分析带来了巨大挑战。为了解决这个问题,我们将空间基因表达数据与单细胞分析相结合,详细绘制了纤维化区域内部和周围的细胞类型,揭示了正常和患病状态下细胞群的显著变化。此外,我们还利用配体受体图谱探索了纤维化区域内的细胞相互作用,加深了我们对这些区域细胞动态的了解。我们发现了在纤维化微环境中起抑制作用的成纤维细胞亚群,称为 Inmt 成纤维细胞。通过全面的生物信息学、组织学和细胞培养研究来验证我们的发现,突出了单核细胞衍生的巨噬细胞在将 Inmt 成纤维细胞转变为易纤维化的 Grem1 成纤维细胞中的作用,这可能会破坏肺部的稳态以应对外部挑战。因此,我们的研究提供了详细的空间解卷积,显著促进了对肺纤维化发展过程中至关重要的细胞动力学和环境相互作用的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Source apportionment of organic carbon and nitrogen in sediments from river and lake in the highly urbanized Changjiang Delta. 高度城市化的长江三角洲地区河湖沉积物中有机碳和氮的来源分配。
Pub Date : 2024-10-05 Epub Date: 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135590
Yalong Li, Yaojen Tu, Tingting Sun, Yanping Duan, Jiayi Kou, Weikun Li, Jiaxin Gao

While the impact of human activities on organic matter pollution is recognized, how these impacts vary seasonally in the Changjiang Delta needs further investigation. This study addresses this gap by investigating seasonal variations in organic matter sources and ecological responses to human activities in Changjiang Delta sediments. Total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopic compositions of surface sediments collected from the Taipu River and Dalian Lake wetland were analyzed. Both water bodies exhibited similar seasonal trends for TOC and TN, with the Taipu River containing an average of 0.46% and 0.03% higher concentrations of TOC and TN, respectively, compared to Dalian Lake. Additionally, the organic index (OI) and organic nitrogen (ON) index were elevated in both water bodies during the wet season. Sediments from Dalian Lake remained uncontaminated to moderately contaminated, while those from the Taipu River were generally classified as moderately to heavily contaminated. Stable isotope analysis identified terrestrial C3 plants (averaging 25.5%), C4 plants (averaging 16.0%), and municipal wastewater (averaging 16.0%) as the main contributors to organic matter in the sediments. These findings suggest that terrestrial plant material and municipal wastewater are key targets for managing organic matter contamination in the Changjiang Delta. Implementing strategic land-use planning and targeted interventions to minimize these inputs can significantly improve water quality and ecosystem health.

人类活动对有机物污染的影响已得到公认,但这些影响在长江三角洲地区如何随季节变化还需要进一步研究。本研究针对这一空白,调查了长江三角洲沉积物中有机质来源的季节性变化以及人类活动的生态响应。研究分析了从太浦河和大连湖湿地采集的表层沉积物中的总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)、碳(δ13C)和氮(δ15N)同位素组成。与大连湖相比,太浦河的TOC和TN浓度分别平均高出0.46%和0.03%。此外,在雨季,两个水体的有机物指数(OI)和有机氮指数(ON)均有所升高。大连湖的沉积物仍处于未受污染到中度污染的状态,而太浦河的沉积物则普遍处于中度污染到重度污染的状态。稳定同位素分析表明,陆生 C3 植物(平均占 25.5%)、C4 植物(平均占 16.0%)和城市污水(平均占 16.0%)是沉积物中有机物的主要来源。这些发现表明,陆生植物材料和城市污水是治理长江三角洲有机物污染的主要目标。实施战略性土地利用规划和有针对性的干预措施,最大限度地减少这些输入,可以显著改善水质和生态系统健康。
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引用次数: 0
Toxicokinetics of microplastics in Macrobrachium nipponense and their impact on the bioavailability of loaded pollutants. 日本鲭体内微塑料的毒物动力学及其对所含污染物生物利用率的影响。
Pub Date : 2024-10-05 Epub Date: 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135610
Leibo Zhang, Guanghua Lu, Xin Ling, Zhenhua Yan, Jianchao Liu, Keqiang Ding

Microplastics (MPs) have unique toxicokinetic (TK) processes that differ from those of soluble pollutants. This study investigated the ingestion, migration, accumulation, and clearance of environmental aging MPs in the Japanese swamp shrimp (Macrobrachium nipponense). The concentrations of plastic additives and personal care products adsorbed onto MPs in natural river water were determined, and TK models for MPs and MPs-loaded pollutants were developed. Results showed that the formation of surface biofilms and alterations in the distribution of MPs in waters caused by environmental aging affect MPs bioavailability, which is mainly related to the feeding habits of shrimp. The decrease in MPs particle size caused by biological digestion and the increase in the number of oxygen-containing functional groups caused by environmental aging affect the TK process of MPs. The TK model of MPs-loaded pollutants revealed the cleaning effect of shrimp on pollutants adsorbed onto MPs during swallowing and spitting MPs. This cleaning effect significantly increases the bioavailability of MPs-associated pollutants in aquatic environments. This study provides a new perspective for understanding the interactions between environmental MPs and their associated pollutants in aquatic ecosystems.

微塑料(MPs)具有不同于可溶性污染物的独特毒物动力学(TK)过程。本研究调查了日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)对环境老化微塑料的摄取、迁移、积累和清除。研究测定了天然河水中吸附在 MPs 上的塑料添加剂和个人护理产品的浓度,并建立了 MPs 和负载 MPs 的污染物的 TK 模型。结果表明,环境老化导致的水体表面生物膜的形成和 MPs 分布的改变会影响 MPs 的生物利用率,这主要与对虾的摄食习性有关。生物消化引起的 MPs 粒径减小和环境老化引起的含氧官能团数量增加会影响 MPs 的 TK 过程。MPs负载污染物的TK模型揭示了对虾在吞咽和吐出MPs过程中对吸附在MPs上的污染物的清洁作用。这种清洁效应大大提高了 MPs 相关污染物在水生环境中的生物利用率。这项研究为了解水生生态系统中环境 MPs 及其相关污染物之间的相互作用提供了一个新的视角。
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引用次数: 0
Efficient degradation of haloacetic acids by vacuum ultraviolet-activated peroxymonosulfate: Kinetics, mechanisms and theoretical calculations. 真空紫外线活化过氧单硫酸盐对卤乙酸的高效降解:动力学、机理和理论计算。
Pub Date : 2024-10-05 Epub Date: 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135539
Feifei Wang, Jie Liu, Liang Zhang, Hongjie Wang, Zilong Zhao, Yihua Chen, Ji Li, Xiaolei Zhang, Wenyi Dong

Efficient degradation of haloacetic acids (HAAs) is crucial due to their potential risks. This study firstly proposed vacuum ultraviolet - activated peroxymonosulfate (VUV/PMS) to remove HAAs (i.e., monochloroacetic acid (MCAA), monobromoacetic acid (MBAA), dichloroacetic acid (DCAA), etc). VUV/PMS achieved 99.51 % MCAA and 63.29 % TOC removal within 10 min. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), quenching and probe experiments demonstrated that •OH was responsible for MCAA degradation. MCAA degradation followed pathways of dehalogenation (major) and decarboxylation (minor). VUV/PMS showed application potential under various reaction parameters. Broad spectrum of VUV/PMS on various HAAs was further explored. Chlorinated HAAs (Cl-HAAs) were primarily degraded by oxidation reactions, while brominated HAAs (Br-HAAs) by direct VUV photolysis. The density functional theory-based calculations (DFT) revealed that reaction rates of HAAs correlated with the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and energy gap (ΔE), indicating that HAAs degradation depends on their chemical structures. The Fukui function (f0 values) and bond length showed vulnerability of the halogen atom in Cl-HAAs and C-Br bond in Br-HAAs. Overall, this study provides an in-depth perspective on the oxidation performance and mechanism of HAAs using VUV/PMS. It not only demonstrates a green and efficient method but also inspires new strategies for HAAs remediation.

由于卤乙酸(HAAs)具有潜在风险,因此有效降解卤乙酸至关重要。本研究首次提出用真空紫外线-活化过硫酸盐(VUV/PMS)去除卤乙酸(即一氯乙酸(MCAA)、一溴乙酸(MBAA)、二氯乙酸(DCAA)等)。在 10 分钟内,VUV/PMS 对 MCAA 和 TOC 的去除率分别达到 99.51% 和 63.29%。电子顺磁共振(EPR)、淬火和探针实验表明,-OH 是 MCAA 降解的原因。MCAA 的降解途径是脱卤(主要)和脱羧(次要)。在不同的反应参数下,VUV/PMS 显示出应用潜力。进一步探讨了 VUV/PMS 对各种 HAAs 的广谱性。氯化 HAAs(Cl-HAAs)主要通过氧化反应降解,而溴化 HAAs(Br-HAAs)则通过直接紫外光解降解。基于密度泛函理论的计算(DFT)显示,HAAs 的反应速率与最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)和能隙(ΔE)相关,这表明 HAAs 的降解取决于其化学结构。福井函数(f0 值)和键长显示了 Cl-HAAs 中卤素原子和 Br-HAAs 中 C-Br 键的脆弱性。总之,本研究从一个深入的角度探讨了利用 VUV/PMS 氧化 HAAs 的性能和机理。它不仅展示了一种绿色、高效的方法,还为 HAAs 的修复提供了新策略。
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引用次数: 0
The perfluorooctanoic acid accumulation and release from pipelines promoted growth of bacterial communities and opportunistic pathogens with different antibiotic resistance genes in drinking water. 管道中全氟辛酸的积累和释放促进了饮用水中带有不同抗生素耐药基因的细菌群落和机会性病原体的生长。
Pub Date : 2024-10-05 Epub Date: 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135600
Haibo Wang, Xiangkai Tao, Hong Yin, Xueci Xing, Baoyou Shi

The spread of opportunistic pathogens (OPs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) through drinking water has already caused serious human health issues. There is also an urgent need to know the effects of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) on OPs with different ARGs in drinking water. Our results suggested that PFOA accumulation and release from the pipelines induced its concentration in pipelines effluents increase from 0.03 ± 0.01 μg/L to 0.70 ± 0.01 μg/L after 6 months accumulation. The PFOA also promoted the growth of Hyphomicrobium, Microbacterium, and Bradyrhizobium. In addition, PFOA accumulation and release from the pipelines enhanced the metabolism and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle processes, resulting in more extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production. Due to EPS protection, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Legionella pneumophila increased to (7.20 ± 0.09) × 104 gene copies/mL, and (8.85 ± 0.11) × 102 gene copies/mL, respectively. Moreover, PFOA also enhanced the transfer potential of different ARGs, including emrB, mdtB, mdtC, mexF, and macB. The main bacterial community composition and the main OPs positively correlated with the main ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGE)-ARGs significantly. Therefore, PFOA promoted the propagation of OPs with different ARGs. These results are meaningful for controlling the microbial risk caused by the OPs with ARGs and MGE-ARGs in drinking water.

机会性病原体(OPs)和抗生素耐药基因(ARGs)通过饮用水的传播已经造成了严重的人类健康问题。了解全氟辛酸(PFOA)对饮用水中含有不同 ARGs 的 OPs 的影响也迫在眉睫。我们的研究结果表明,全氟辛酸在管道中的积累和释放导致其在管道流出物中的浓度在积累 6 个月后从 0.03 ± 0.01 μg/L 增加到 0.70 ± 0.01 μg/L。PFOA 还促进了 Hyphomicrobium、Microbacterium 和 Bradyrhizobium 的生长。此外,管道中 PFOA 的积累和释放促进了新陈代谢和三羧酸(TCA)循环过程,从而产生了更多的胞外聚合物质(EPS)。由于 EPS 的保护,铜绿假单胞菌和嗜肺军团菌的基因拷贝数分别增加到 (7.20 ± 0.09) × 104 个/毫升和 (8.85 ± 0.11) × 102 个/毫升。此外,PFOA 还增强了不同 ARGs 的转移潜力,包括 emrB、mdtB、mdtC、mexF 和 macB。主要细菌群落组成和主要 OPs 与主要 ARGs 和移动遗传因子(MGE)-ARGs 显著正相关。因此,PFOA 促进了具有不同 ARGs 的 OPs 的繁殖。这些结果对于控制饮用水中带有 ARGs 和 MGE-ARGs 的 OPs 所引起的微生物风险具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Pan India fluoride hazard assessment in groundwater. 泛印度地下水中氟化物危害评估。
Pub Date : 2024-10-05 Epub Date: 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135543
Rajarshi Saha, Tushar Wankhede, Ritwik Majumdar, Iswar Chandra Das

Fluoride (F¯) contamination in groundwater in India has gained global attention due to human health hazards. India's hydrogeological heterogeneity, spatio-temporal variability of F¯, and health hazards due to geogenic and geo-environmental control pose unique challenges. Addressing these with only a single region-specific study is not possible. Therefore, this study provides an in-depth, holistic analysis of pan India F¯ contamination, controlling factors, and health hazards using a coupled advanced geostatistical and geospatial approach. Alarming F¯ contaminations are identified in Rajasthan, Telangana, Western Andhra Pradesh, Eastern Karnataka, Parts of Haryana, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Bihar, and Chhattisgarh. Probabilistic health-risk evaluation using hot-spot, showed similar spatio-temporal distribution of F¯ contamination. The hazard quotient (HQ) for high F¯ shows more adversity to children than adults. Nationally, 8.65 % and 7.10 % of pre- and post-monsoon sites exceed the recommended safe limit of 1.50 mg/L. The highest average F¯ concentration is in Rajasthan. Very high-risk skeletal fluorosis is possible at around ≤ 2 %, whereas dental caries due to deficiency in F¯ concentration is approximately 40 %. A decisive hierarchy of lithology, geomorphology, soils, and lineaments control are identified on F¯ contamination. Climatic conditions are pivotal in governing all these controlling variables. Thus, in arid/semi-arid dry western regions, F¯ contamination is much higher than in the humid areas. Integration of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis with the results can aid policymakers and government authorities in achieving sustainable remedial measures for future adaptability.

由于对人类健康的危害,印度地下水中的氟化物(F¯)污染已引起全球关注。印度的水文地质异质性、F¯ 的时空变异性以及地质和地质环境控制造成的健康危害带来了独特的挑战。仅凭一项针对特定地区的研究不可能解决这些问题。因此,本研究采用先进的地理统计和地理空间耦合方法,对泛印度 F¯ 污染、控制因素和健康危害进行了深入、全面的分析。在拉贾斯坦邦、特兰加纳邦、安得拉邦西部、卡纳塔克邦东部、哈里亚纳邦部分地区、古吉拉特邦、中央邦、泰米尔纳德邦、北方邦、恰尔康得邦、比哈尔邦和恰蒂斯加尔邦发现了令人担忧的 F¯ 污染。利用热点进行的健康风险概率评估显示,F¯ 污染的时空分布相似。高 F¯的危害商数(HQ)显示,儿童比成人更容易受到危害。在全国范围内,季风前后分别有 8.65% 和 7.10% 的地点超过了 1.50 毫克/升的建议安全限值。拉贾斯坦邦的氟¯平均浓度最高。骨骼氟中毒的风险非常高,约为≤ 2%,而因 F¯ 浓度不足而导致的龋齿约为 40%。岩性、地貌、土壤和地形对 F¯ 污染有决定性的影响。气候条件是所有这些控制变量的关键。因此,在干旱/半干旱的西部干旱地区,F¯ 污染比潮湿地区高得多。将优势、劣势、机会和威胁(SWOT)分析与研究结果相结合,可以帮助决策者和政府当局实现可持续的补救措施,以适应未来的发展。
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Journal of hazardous materials
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