Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences最新文献

Background: Transgender individuals face significant stigma and discrimination in healthcare, leading to adverse health outcomes. This study investigates the perceptions of dentists in India towards transgender patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional study collected data from 143 licensed practicing dentists in India using a 9-item structured questionnaire distributed via online forms from November 2023 to January 2024. The questionnaire assessed dentists' perceptions, comfort levels, and educational background regarding transgender healthcare.

Results: The sample included 62.9% female and 37.1% male dentists, predominantly early-career practitioners. Only 32.2% had treated transgender patients, and 25.2% had received specific training in transgender health issues. Despite limited experience and training, 71.3% of dentists expressed a willingness to treat transgender patients, and 84% recognized the societal benefits of acknowledging transgender identities as natural. Additionally, 87.4% supported the inclusion of LGBTQ patients in healthcare. Significant barriers were noted, with many respondents acknowledging problematic attitudes among healthcare staff towards transgender individuals.

Conclusions: The study highlights positive attitudes among dentists towards transgender patients, despite substantial gaps in training and experience. Addressing these gaps through targeted education and sensitization programs is crucial for fostering an inclusive healthcare environment. Future research should focus on longitudinal assessments and the effectiveness of educational interventions to enhance knowledge and attitudes toward transgender healthcare.

Background: This study used a mixed-methods design, analyzing quantitative pre- and post-assessment scores alongside qualitative student feedback. Undergraduate students in Respiratory Medicine were randomly assigned to either the Flipped Classroom or Didactic Lecture groups.

Method: The study compares the effectiveness and perceived impact of the Flipped Classroom versus Didactic Lecture approaches in Undergraduate Respiratory Medicine Education.

Results: The Flipped Classroom group showed significantly higher post-assessment scores and positive feedback, highlighting increased engagement, collaborative learning, and self-directed study.

Conclusion: The study supports the effectiveness of the Flipped Classroom over traditional lectures, emphasizing active student involvement and personalized learning in Respiratory Medicine education.

By completing an optimal root canal treatment, endodontic therapy aims to repair the damaged periapical area by removing microorganisms and their by-products from the infected root canal space. Nonetheless, a number of variables, such as understanding the architecture of root canals, precise diagnosis and treatment planning, and subsequent management of any anatomical variation in the affected tooth, all have a significant impact on the outcome of an endodontic procedure. There may always be differences, even though research indicates that most permanent human dentition has a similar root canal architecture. Therefore, it is critical to detect these morphological changes since failing to do so might have unfavorable effects and affect how well the medication is administered. Ignorance of anatomical variance, leading to a missing canal, is one of the most frequent causes of endodontic failure. In this case study, uncommon clinical symptoms in mandibular teeth-which are typically single-rooted-are discussed along with the endodontic treatment that followed.

Background: The relationship between sleep patterns and early childhood caries (ECC) has been variably explored, with emerging evidence suggesting significant interconnections. This systematic review aimed to synthesize existing research findings on the influence of sleep hygiene on ECC incidence, focusing on how variations in sleep quality and routines impact dental health in children.

Methods: The review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria to ensure rigor and transparency. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across various databases.

Results: The collective analysis revealed a consistent linkage between poor sleep quality or irregular sleep patterns and higher ECC incidence. Common findings across the reviewed studies included the negative impact of late sleep onset and the beneficial effects of structured bedtime routines on ECC risk. While all studies agreed on the general influence of sleep quality on dental health, differences were noted in the emphasis on specific sleep disturbances, parental roles, and broader developmental outcomes linked to sleep hygiene.

Conclusion: Sleep hygiene plays a critical role in the incidence of ECC, with both general sleep patterns and specific nighttime routines contributing to dental health outcomes. The findings suggest that interventions aimed at improving sleep hygiene could be beneficial in ECC prevention.

Stem cells offer great promise in dentistry by regenerating critical oral tissues. Derived from sources such as dental pulp, periodontal ligament, and dental follicle, these cells can be pluripotent or multipotent and are capable of differentiating into various cell types, including odontoblasts and osteoblasts. This regenerative potential could transform treatments for dental conditions like periodontal disease and pulpitis. Advancing this field requires understanding stem cell differentiation and exploring tissue engineering and biomaterial scaffolds. Despite the potential, evolving legal and ethical issues shape the integration of these innovations. Research in dental stem cells represents a significant advance in regenerative medicine, promising to enhance dental treatments and patient care.

Introduction: Tridax procumbens has long been used as an insect deterrent, anticoagulant, and for the healing of wounds. In some areas of India, traditional healers also employ T. procumbens to treat injuries, blisters, and boils. A widespread rod-shaped, gram-negative, strictly aerobic bacteria called Pseudomonas aeruginosa can infect both plants and animals, including humans. It can be found in a variety of infections, particularly those that have a tendency to become chronic such as gingivitis and periodontitis. This study aims to assess the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay of T. procumbens stem extract-based chitosan gel against P. aeruginosa.

Materials and methods: The extract was produced from powdered T. procumbens stem part. To create the wound-healing gel, medium molecular weight chitosan was added to the T. procumbens stem extract to form a homogenous gel. Time-kill assay was conducted to determine the time-kill kinetics of the T. procumbens stem extract-based chitosan gel against P. aeruginosa.

Results: The absorbance values decreased progressively over time at all concentrations (25 μL, 50 μL, and 100 μL) showing its inhibitory effect. With the increase in concentration, the inhibitory effect of T. procumbens stem extract-based chitosan gel against P. aeruginosa also increased.

Conclusion: T. procumbens stem extract-based chitosan gel has revealed potent antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa and therefore the gel can be applied for efficient wound healing.

Immediate implant placement after extraction has proven to be a dependable and efficient technique for restoring a patient's appearance and functionality. Dentists can now provide "Teeth within a day" for edentulous patients by using immediate single-stage placement of implants and immediate prosthesis fabrication. The study's objective is to present a novel strategy that provides better direction for implant bed preparation for immediate implantation at multirooted extraction sites. This novel approach to implant bed preparation can be viewed as a straightforward but useful modification to the customary procedure that permits accurate implant placement at multirooted extraction sites immediately.

Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) are neurodegenerative disorders marked by progressive cerebellar ataxia, impacting balance, motor coordination, and ocular function due to degeneration. This study evaluated Shodhana Chikitsa and Shaman Chikitsa (purification and symptomatic treatments) for SCA. A 27-year-old man with SCA, showing symptoms like swaying, poor balance, and slurred speech, was referred to the Panchakarma OPD at Ayurveda Hospital, Salod, Wardha. He underwent a comprehensive regimen, including full-body massage with herbal poultices (Patrapottali and Shashtishali Swedana), nasal instillation with medicated oil (Marsha Nasya), and a medicated enema with decoctions and oil, along with oral medications, such as Yogaraja Guggulu, Rasnasaptaka Qwath, Cap Neuron Plus, Agnitundi Vati, and Mahavatavidhwansa Rasa, for two months. Panchtikta Ksheer Vasti (medicated milk enema) was given for eight days. Significant improvements in symptoms and the Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) score were observed, suggesting that Ayurvedic treatments may be effective for SCA, warranting further research.

Aim: The present study evaluated the retreatability of canals obturated using AH Plus sealer and Bioceramic (BC) sealers, employing Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).

Methodology: A group of 90 extracted premolars was classified into two main categories based on whether they were sealed with AH Plus or BC Sealer. Each of these categories was then divided into two subcategories according to the retreatment technique applied. CBCT and SEM were used to assess the residual filling material within the canals.

Results: The findings showed that there was no marked statistical variation in the retreatment success of canals sealed with BC and AH Plus sealers.

Conclusion: The diode laser was the most effective modality for eliminating root canal filling materials in the least amount of time. None of the retreatment modalities used removed the obturating material completely.

Background: An adjuvant treatment, known as low-level laser therapy (LLLT), has been suggested to quicken orthodontic tooth movement and perhaps shorten the course of treatment.

Materials and methods: For 60 orthodontic patients aged between 15 and 25, a randomized controlled experiment was carried out (30 males and 30 females). Two groups, Group A (LLLT group, n = 30) and Group B (control group, n = 30), were randomly allocated to the participants. For the first 8 weeks of therapy, Group A got LLLT three times a week using a diode laser with a wavelength of 808 nm and a power output of 100 mW. The laser was delivered for 30 s on each side of the target tooth. Beyond routine orthodontic care, Group B did not get any extra care. Using computerized models, the rate of tooth movement was monitored every 2 weeks for a duration of 12 weeks. The degree of tooth movement was the main result; patient-reported discomfort and gingival health were the secondary outcomes.

Results: The group that had LLLT (Group A) demonstrated a notably elevated frequency of tooth movement in contrast to the control group (Group B). Group A's average monthly tooth movement was 1.2 mm, whereas Group B's average monthly movement was 0.8 mm (P < 0.01). Furthermore, throughout the early phases of therapy, patients in the LLLT group reported less discomfort, and there were no significant variations in gingival health between the two groups.

Conclusion: With its ability to speed orthodontic tooth movement, LLLT may shorten the course of therapy. Additionally, it seems to lessen pain while starting orthodontic therapy.