Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences最新文献

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a major public health concern with rising incidence globally. Human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly high-risk subtypes, has been implicated as a possible etiological factor, but the distribution and prevalence of specific subtypes in OSCC remain variable across populations.

Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 120 histopathologically confirmed OSCC cases and 80 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue and control oral mucosal scrapings. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with type-specific primers was used to detect HPV DNA. The identified HPV-positive samples were genotyped for subtypes 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, and 33. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square and logistic regression, with significance set at P < 0.05.

Results: Overall HPV positivity was significantly higher in OSCC cases (42.5%) than controls (11.3%) (P < 0.001). High-risk HPV-16 was the most prevalent subtype among cases (28.3%), followed by HPV-18 (9.2%), HPV-33 (3.3%), and HPV-31 (1.7%). Low-risk subtypes HPV-6 and HPV-11 were rare in cases (both 0.8%). In controls, HPV-16 was detected in only 5.0% of subjects. Logistic regression showed HPV-16 positivity was associated with a 6.8-fold increased OSCC risk (95% CI: 3.1-14.7, P < 0.001). Mean age of HPV-positive OSCC patients was 53.6 ± 9.8 years, with a male predominance (M: F ratio 2.4:1).

Conclusion: High-risk HPV subtypes, particularly HPV-16 and HPV-18, show a strong association with OSCC, highlighting the potential role of HPV vaccination and targeted screening programs in high-incidence regions.

Palliative care dentistry involves the management of oral health in patients with progressive, far-advanced diseases, where the oral cavity is compromised either by the illness or its treatment. As a member of the multidisciplinary palliative care team, the dentist plays a crucial but often overlooked role in enhancing patients' quality of life. With changing demographics and longer life expectancies, the demand for palliative dental care is expected to rise significantly-from 5,20,000 to 1.4 million people by 2031. An interdisciplinary approach that includes dental professionals is essential in delivering holistic palliative care that upholds dignity, comfort, and oral function during end-of-life stages.

Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) continue to pose major global health burdens, with conventional treatment modalities frequently associated with considerable morbidity. Emerging strategies such as neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) for OCSCC and transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for OPSCC have been introduced to enhance personalization of care and preserve functional outcomes. This systematic review summarizes current evidence on the efficacy, safety and functional results of these modalities. Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search of major databases was conducted, and risk of bias was assessed for all eligible studies. The included literature evaluated key oncologic parameters such as overall survival, disease-free survival, recurrence rates and margin status, alongside patient-reported and clinician-reported functional measures including swallowing ability, speech outcomes and quality of life indices such as MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory scores. Safety outcomes such as treatment-related toxicities, complication rates, and requirements for feeding tubes or tracheostomy were also analyzed. The review provides an integrated appraisal of the clinical utility of NACT in OCSCC and TORS in OPSCC, emphasizing their potential to improve oncologic control while minimizing functional impairment, while also addressing the influence of study quality and methodological limitations on the strength of the available evidence.

Background: Oligohydramnios in term pregnancies is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes and often necessitates early intervention. This study aims to assess maternal and fetal outcomes in such cases.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 150 term pregnant women with an amniotic fluid index (AFI) ≤ 5 cm. Maternal demographics, mode of delivery, complications, and neonatal outcomes were recorded and analyzed.

Results: Of the 150 participants, 65.3% underwent cesarean section due to fetal distress and meconium-stained liquor. Neonatal complications included Apgar scores < 7 at 1 minute in 12% and NICU admission in 20% of cases. Low birth weight (<2.5 kg) was observed in 28% of neonates. No maternal mortality was reported.

Conclusion: Oligohydramnios at term is significantly associated with increased operative delivery and neonatal morbidity. Routine AFI monitoring and timely intervention can improve outcomes in resource-limited settings.

Background: It has been known for a long time that tuberculosis (TB) and Diabetes mellitus (DM) have complex interactions, the mechanisms of which are not completely known yet. TB may have a different presentation in diabetics, and similarly, diabetic status is affected by Tuberculosis and its treatment.

Materials and methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted on 270 Tuberculosis patients. Diagnosis of tuberculosis was confirmed using Sputum, CBNAAT and imaging modalities. Glycemic control was assessed using Fasting Blood Sugar, Random Blood Sugar, and HbA1c levels. Treatment outcomes was assesed over six months as per standard NTEP guidelines.

Results: In TB with Diabetes group the percentage of males 65% was more as compared to females which was 35%, while in case of TB without Diabetes the percentage of females 54% was more as compared to males 46%. The mean age of TB with Diabetes group was 39.60 ± 15.6 years and in TB without Diabetes group the mean age was 38.73 ± 17.3 years. High treatment failure rate was noted in patients with TB with Diabetes (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: There is a two-way relationship between TB and diabetes, and they both affect each other's presentation. Early Diagnosis and glycemic management are essential in improving treatment outcomes.

Background: This observational study evaluated the correlation between median lobe size assessed by digital rectal examination (DRE) and the severity of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients.

Methods: A total of 120 men aged ≥50 years were assessed using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and DRE for median lobe grading. Correlations were analyzed using Spearman's coefficient and ANOVA.

Results: Larger median lobe size significantly correlated with higher LUTS severity (P < 0.001), with mean IPSS scores of 7.6 (small), 15.4 (moderate), and 24.1 (large lobes).

Conclusion: Median lobe enlargement is associated with severe LUTS in BPH, highlighting the importance of thorough clinical prostate evaluation.

Background: Denture wearers are susceptible to fungal infections due to plaque accumulation on the tissue surface of dentures. The porosity and roughness of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base resin provide an ideal niche for Candida albicans colonization, which can lead to denture stomatitis.

Materials and methods: This in vitro study included 60 PMMA specimens-30 circular discs (20 mm × 2 mm) for antifungal testing and 30 rectangular bars (65 mm × 10 mm × 2.5 mm) for flexural strength testing. Three groups (n = 10 each) were prepared for both shapes: Group A (control), Group B (0.5% silver nanoparticles (AgNP)), and Group C (1% AgNP). Antifungal activity was assessed using the lawn culture method with the ATCC 28366 strain of C. albicans, recording zones of inhibition. Flexural strength was measured using a universal testing machine with three-point loading.

Results: For antifungal activity, Group B (0.5% AgNP) showed the largest mean inhibition zone (20.20 ± 1.31 mm), followed by Group C (1% AgNP) (15.90 ± 0.87 mm), while the control group showed no inhibition. Differences among all groups were statistically significant (P = 0.001). Flexural strength was highest in the control group (91.06 ± 6.48 MPa), followed by Group B (76.09 ± 14.04 MPa) and Group C (57.92 ± 4.20 MPa). All intergroup differences were statistically significant (P < 0.005).

Conclusion: Incorporating AgNP into PMMA denture base resin significantly enhances antifungal activity against C. albicans, with 0.5% AgNP showing superior inhibition compared to 1%.

Background: The movement of teeth in orthodontics is controlled by the body and involves changes to the surrounding bone. Since vitamin D helps maintain healthy calcium and bones, it could affect how fast and well tooth movement happens during orthodontics.

Materials and methods: During the study, 30 participants (age 18-25 years) had canine retraction after having their premolars extracted. Fifteen people in Group A were each given 600,000 IU Vitamin D3 injections once monthly for 3 months. At the same time, 15 people in Group B received injections of a placebo. Applying a standardized spring force of 150 g, we measured the rate of canine movement in study models at weeks 0, 4, 8, and 12. At both baseline and after treatment, serum levels of Vitamin D in blood samples were checked.

Results: At each interval, Group A showed greater tooth movement than Group B which was statistically significant (mean movement at 12 weeks: 2.85 ± 0.32 mm in Group A vs. 1.97 ± 0.28 mm in Group B; P < 0.001). The serum 25(OH) D in Group A increased from baseline to 52.4 ± 6.7 ng/mL following the intervention. All participants were without any negative symptoms during the study.

Conclusion: Getting vitamin D supplements helps tooth movement in the orthodontics clinic, with no side effects, most likely because it improves the bone around the teeth.

Background: Occupational drivers in India face unique challenges, including long working hours, irregular schedules, and limited access to healthcare resources. Understanding these aspects is crucial for developing targeted interventions to improve their overall health outcomes.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 male occupational drivers aged 21-60 years in Central India. Participants were selected using stratified random sampling. Data collection involved a structured questionnaire comprising three sections: sociodemographic information, the Health Literacy Questionnaire, and the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) to assess psychological well-being. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and linear regression using SPSS version 25.

Results: The mean health literacy score was 26.4 ± 6.8, indicating moderate health literacy levels. The mean GHQ-12 score was 15.7 ± 4.9, with 46% of participants scoring above the threshold suggestive of psychological distress. A significant negative correlation was found between health literacy and psychological distress (r = -0.612, P < 0.001), indicating that lower health literacy is associated with higher psychological distress among drivers.

Conclusion: The study highlights a significant association between health literacy and psychological well-being among occupational drivers in Central India. Interventions aimed at improving health literacy could potentially enhance psychological well-being in this population.

Background: The management of mandibular fractures traditionally involves the use of titanium miniplates for internal fixation. However, resorbable plating systems offer potential advantages, such as eliminating the need for second-stage removal surgery and reducing long-term complications. To compare the mechanical stability and fracture resistance of resorbable versus titanium miniplates in simulated mandibular fracture models under standardized in vitro conditions.

Methods: Forty synthetic polyurethane mandibles with standardized angle fractures were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 20 each): Group A (titanium miniplates, 2.0 mm system) and Group B (resorbable polylactic acid miniplates, 2.0 mm system). Fixation was performed using a standard two-hole miniplate on the superior border with monocortical screws. Biomechanical testing was performed using a universal testing machine to measure maximum load to failure and displacement at failure. Statistical analysis was conducted using independent t-tests (P < 0.05).

Results: Group A showed significantly higher load to failure (295.7 ± 18.2 N) compared to Group B (187.6 ± 20.5 N) (P < 0.001). Displacement at failure was lower in Group A (1.62 ± 0.14 mm) than in Group B (2.38 ± 0.22 mm), also statistically significant (P < 0.001). All titanium constructs maintained integrity during testing, whereas 15% of the resorbable constructs exhibited screw loosening.

Conclusion: Titanium miniplates provide superior mechanical stability and resistance to functional loading in simulated mandibular fractures compared to resorbable systems. While resorbable plates offer clinical advantages in pediatric or selected cases, caution is warranted in load-bearing areas.