Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences最新文献

Aim: The study's objective is to assess the bond strengths of four different endodontic sealers to root dentin using a push-out test technique.

Material and method: Sixty single-rooted teeth were selected and decoronated. Canal instrumentation was done using rotary files and divided into four groups (n = 15) based on the sealer used. Group 1: zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE)-based, Group 2: epoxy resin-based, Group 3: methacrylate-based, and Group 4: bioceramic. Following obturation with Gutta Percha, each tooth was prepared with root portions that were 2 mm thick at the apical and middle 1/3 so that universal testing equipment could measure the push-out bond strength. Tukey's post hoc tests and one-way ANOVA were used to examine the data.

Result: According to the results, group 4 had the strongest push-out relationship, followed by groups 3, 2, and 1, respectively. It can be concluded that the bioceramic sealers have superior bond strengths.

Conclusion: Bioceramic sealers demonstrated the highest bond strengths to root dentin, outperforming methacrylate, epoxy resin, and zinc oxide eugenol sealers in the push-out test.

Background: Effective post-operative analgesia and swift recovery are critical for patients undergoing head and neck cancer surgery. This study compares the recovery profiles and analgesic efficacy of fentanyl-based anesthesia versus dexmedetomidine-based anesthesia in this patient population.

Materials and methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 120 patients undergoing head and neck cancer surgery. The patients were divided into two groups: Group F (n = 60) received fentanyl-based anesthesia, while Group D (n = 60) received dexmedetomidine-based anesthesia. Recovery profiles were assessed using the Modified Aldrete Score, and post-operative pain was evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at 1, 6, 12, and 24 hours post-surgery. Secondary outcomes included total opioid consumption and the incidence of adverse effects.

Results: Group D demonstrated a significantly faster recovery time, with 85% achieving a Modified Aldrete Score of ≥9 within 30 minutes post-surgery compared to 65% in Group F (P < 0.05). Post-operative VAS scores were significantly lower in Group D at all time points (P < 0.01), with mean scores of 2.5 ± 1.2 at 1 hour, 2.0 ± 1.0 at 6 hours, 1.5 ± 0.8 at 12 hours, and 1.0 ± 0.5 at 24 hours. Group F had mean scores of 4.0 ± 1.5, 3.5 ± 1.3, 3.0 ± 1.1, and 2.5 ± 0.9, respectively. Total opioid consumption was also lower in Group D (50 mg morphine equivalents) compared to Group F (75 mg morphine equivalents) (P < 0.05). Adverse effects were comparable between the groups.

Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine-based anesthesia provides superior post-operative analgesia and faster recovery compared to fentanyl-based anesthesia in head and neck cancer surgery. It may be a preferred option for optimizing patient outcomes in this surgical population.

Aim: The study aimed to investigate the effect of a dental treatment simulation app on the anxiety levels of pediatric dental patients.

Materials and methods: Forty children, aged 4-8 years and with no prior dental experience, were randomly assigned to either the control group (group I) or the dental app group (group II). The children's anxiety levels were measured before and after undergoing restorative dental treatment, using the Chota Bheem Chutki pictorial scale.

Results: The initial anxiety levels were similar across both groups. Post treatment, the dental app group exhibited a significant reduction in anxiety compared to the control group. This suggests that the simulation app has a beneficial effect in lowering dental anxiety in children.

Conclusion: The dental treatment simulation app can effectively reduce pre and postoperative anxiety in pediatric patients, potentially enhancing their overall dental experience.

Aim: This study aimed to compare the retreatability of hydraulic calcium silicate-based (HCSB) and epoxy resin-based sealers in single-rooted mandibular premolars, with a specific focus on sealer remnants and retreatment duration.

Methodology: Sixty mandibular premolars were biomechanically prepared and obturated with BioRoot RCS, MTA Fillapex, or AH Plus. After a one-month period, the gutta-percha was removed and the specimens were analyzed under a stereomicroscope.

Result: BioRoot RCS showed the most remnants and longest retreatment time, while AH Plus was the most efficient.

Conclusion: BioRoot RCS is less favorable for retreatment, with AH Plus being the most effective.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the color changes (ΔE) of two different composite resins after staining and bleaching.

Material and methods: A total of 100 specimens were prepared from microhybrid and nanohybrid composites. The samples were divided into five groups and stained for 30 days with tea, coffee, cola, red wine, or distilled water (control). Each group was further divided into two subgroups to receive a 14-day application of Opalescence PF or VivaStyle® Paint On Plus bleaching materials. The color of all samples was determined at baseline, after staining, and after bleaching. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and independent sample t-test.

Results: The highest ΔE values were observed in the red wine groups for both composites. Bleaching agents decreased ΔE values; however, they were unable to return the values to baseline values.

Conclusion: Staining and bleaching may affect color, depending on the type, filler, and matrix content of the composite resin.

Background: Individuals with disabilities face unique challenges in maintaining optimal oral health due to physical, cognitive, and sensory impairments. Gingivitis is a common oral health problem in this population, necessitating effective interventions tailored to their specific needs.

Methods: Participants (n = 162) aged 18-65 years, diagnosed with gingivitis and varying disabilities, were recruited. They were randomly assigned to the modified manual toothbrush group or the powered toothbrush group. The interventions included comprehensive training programs that addressed the specific needs of each group. Gingival index and plaque index scores were recorded at baseline and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Patient-reported outcomes, including satisfaction, comfort, and ease of use, were assessed. Statistical analyses were performed, including t-tests, Chi-square tests, and subgroup analyses based on disability types.

Results: Baseline characteristics did not demonstrate significant differences between groups. Over 12 weeks, both groups showed a significant reduction in gingival and plaque index scores (P < 0.001). The powered toothbrush group exhibited a slightly greater reduction in gingival inflammation compared to the manual toothbrush group (P = 0.03). Patient-reported results favored the powered toothbrush group in satisfaction (P = 0.02) and ease of use (P = 0.04). Comfort levels did not show significant differences (P = 0.11).

Conclusions: This randomized controlled trial provides evidence supporting the effectiveness of modified manual and powered toothbrushing interventions in reducing gingival inflammation among people with disabilities diagnosed with gingivitis.

Aim: In the osteosynthesis of mandibular condylar fractures, the goal had been to assess the stability of a single trapezoidal-shaped 3-D condylar plate.

Materials and methods: We evaluated 15 individuals who had mandibular condylar fractures. Under general anesthesia, the chosen patients underwent open reduction and fixation using three-dimensional titanium miniplates called trapezoidal condylar plates (TCPs). The Mini Retro Mandibular Approach and the Trans Masseteric Antero Parotid Approach were used to treat each of these fractures.

Results and conclusion: The three-dimensional Trapezoidal Condylar Plate titanium miniplates were found to be an efficient osteosynthesis device for stabilising condylar fracture and hence, yielded acceptable results in terms of achieving anatomical and functional stability.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the surface roughness and design features of titanium dental implants on primary stability and osseointegration.

Methods: Sixty titanium dental implants were categorized into three groups based on their surface roughness: smooth (Subgroup A1), moderately rough (Subgroup A2), and highly rough (Subgroup A3). Each roughness category was further divided into three design subgroups: cylindrical (B1), tapered (B2), and hybrid (B3). Primary stability was assessed using insertion torque and resonance frequency analysis (RFA). Osseointegration was evaluated through histological and histomorphometric analyses, measuring bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO) at 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-implantation in rabbit models.

Results: Highly rough-surface implants (Subgroup A3) demonstrated significantly higher insertion torque and ISQ values than smooth (Subgroup A1) and moderately rough (Subgroup A2) implants (P < 0.001). Among the design features, tapered implants (Subgroup B2) exhibited the highest insertion torque and ISQ values (P < 0.001). Histological and histomorphometric analyses revealed that highly rough-surface implants (Subgroup A3) and tapered implants (Subgroup B2) had the highest BIC and BAFO percentages at all time points (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: These findings indicate that both surface roughness and implant design significantly influence primary stability and osseointegration.

Aims: The study aims to enhance the patient's quality of life by assessing and contrasting the effectiveness of traditional miniplates and double Y-shaped titanium plates in the treatment of mandibular anterior fractures.

Method: Ten patients with anterior mandibular fractures participated in the study and were randomly divided into two groups (Group A and Group B). The arch bar was inserted once the patient was prepared, and IMF was performed as necessary. An intraoral vestibular incision was made to expose and reduce the fracture site, leaving a 5 mm gingival cuff in place. Group A received fixation using 2 mm double Y-shaped titanium plates and 2 * 8 mm titanium screws, while Group B received fixation using two conventional miniplates and 2 * 8 mm titanium screws. Metrogyl wash was administered, and closure was achieved using 3.0 Vicryl, ensuring sufficient hemostasis. After 48 hours, Dynaplast was used to stabilize the fixation, and IMF was released.

Result: Clinical and radiographic parameters like pain scale, neurosensory dysfunction, wound problems, fracture line width, teeth related to fracture line, and healing progression were assessed at immediate postop, 3 months, and 6 months intervals. Pain was reduced similarly till 3 months where Group A did not report pain at 6 months showing significant differences. On assessing neurosensory disturbance, Group A showed superior difference (p 0.03*). Wound healing, stability of fractured segments, fracture reduction, teeth related to fracture line, and healing improvement were adequate in both groups.

Conclusion: Our study concluded that the use of double Y-shaped titanium plate provides a promising and alternative technique over conventional in the management of anterior mandibular fractures.

Background: The occlusal scheme is a crucial factor in the success and patient satisfaction of implant-supported overdentures. Different occlusal schemes, such as balanced, lingualized, and monoplane occlusion, can influence the functional and biomechanical outcomes.

Materials and methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 60 edentulous patients who received mandibular implant-supported overdentures. The patients were divided into three groups based on the occlusal scheme: Group A (balanced occlusion), Group B (lingualized occlusion), and Group C (monoplane occlusion), with 20 patients in each group. All patients received two implants in the mandibular canine regions. The overdentures were fabricated and adjusted according to the assigned occlusal scheme. Clinical assessments, including bite force measurement and masticatory efficiency, were performed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months post-insertion. Patient satisfaction was evaluated using a validated questionnaire.

Results: At 6 months, Group A (balanced occlusion) exhibited the highest mean bite force (200 N ± 20), followed by Group B (lingualized occlusion) with 180 N ± 15, and Group C (monoplane occlusion) with 160 N ± 10. Masticatory efficiency was significantly higher in Group A (80% ± 5) compared to Group B (75% ± 4) and Group C (70% ± 3). Patient satisfaction scores were highest in Group A (9.0 ± 0.5), followed by Group B (8.5 ± 0.4) and Group C (8.0 ± 0.3). There were statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of bite force, masticatory efficiency, and patient satisfaction (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Balanced occlusion provided superior functional outcomes and higher patient satisfaction for implant-supported overdentures compared to lingualized and monoplane occlusion schemes.