Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences最新文献

Objective: The goal of this investigation is to assess the palatal rugae patterns in male and female participants from the Bhopal Division population.

Material and methods: A randomly selected cohort of 104 individuals, consisting of 47 males and 57 females, was included in the study. Both metric and non-metric characteristics of the palatal rugae were documented and analyzed using two-sample t-tests and chi-square tests, with a significance threshold set at 5%.

Results: No significant difference was observed in the total number of rugae between genders. However, the mean number of primary rugae was significantly higher in males (P = 0.038). In contrast, females exhibited a higher mean number of vertical (P < 0.001) and fragmentary rugae (P = 0.004), with these differences achieving statistical significance.

Conclusion: The rugae pattern demonstrates potential as a gender-differentiating characteristic, serving as a supplementary method to traditional techniques such as cranial anthropometry and dental analysis.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate thyroid hormone levels in neonates from the rural and urban Vidarbha region. Over the past decade, neonatal hypothyroidism screening has been conducted using filter paper techniques to identify congenital hypothyroidism (CH). In some screening programs, only T4 is measured initially, with TSH assessed if the T4 levels fall below normal. Conversely, some programs exclusively measure TSH to screen for CH. Currently, initial TSH screening can identify subclinical hypothyroidism in cases where T4 levels are normal, while preliminary T4 testing can reveal congenital hypothyroidism when TSH is elevated. If either T4 or TSH is found to be abnormal during preliminary screening, the other parameter should be monitored. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial in preventing intellectual disabilities in newborns.

Material and method: The present cross-sectional research will be conducted in collaboration with the Departments of Biochemistry, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Community Medicine, and Pediatrics at Jawaharlal-Nehru Medical College Sawangi (Meghe) Wardha, along with the Datta-Meghe Institute of Medical Science (Deemed University) in Maharashtra, India, and Datta-Meghe Medical College, Shalinitai Meghe Hospital and Research Centre, Nagpur.

Results: A total of 272 neonates were tested for Congenital Hypothyroidism (CH) from the study area of the Vidarba region in which 138 neonates were from the rural area and 134 neonates were from the urban area. A total of 144 (53%) males and 128 (47%) females were born in rural and urban areas. In the neonates, it was observed that the Mean ± SD for free T4 and TSH was 0.84 ± 0.15 and 3.83 ± 2.12, respectively. If the free T4 value was less than the lower limit, the TSH value CB ≥25 μIU/ml and plasma ≥10 μIU/ml was considered as screen positive in the present study.

Conclusion: Newborn screening programs were established to assess neonates at birth by measuring (TSH) levels. In many screening programs, TSH is the primary marker for evaluating thyroid function and is the preferred test for clinicians diagnosing various thyroid disorders. However, TSH levels can vary significantly and exhibit a broad reference range within the general population, which presents challenges in interpreting the results during newborn screening and in using it later as a clinical diagnostic tool for thyroid function.

Background: Regeneration of periodontal tissues is an essential component in treating periodontal disease, and there is an increasing focus on biological agents that might improve the healing process.

Materials and methods: The randomized controlled clinical study included a cohort of 60 individuals diagnosed with chronic periodontitis. Each participant was randomly allocated to one of two groups: the experimental group (n = 30), which underwent PRF in combination with traditional open flap debridement (OFD), and the control group (n = 30), which received OFD alone. Clinical criteria such as probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bone fill percentage were assessed at baseline and after 6 months. Furthermore, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to evaluate bone regrowth radiographically.

Results: Following a period of 6 months, the experimental group had a notable decrease in postpartum depression (mean decrease of 4.2 mm) and an increase in central artery ligation (mean increase of 3.5 mm) compared to the control group, which had a mean decrease in postpartum depression of 2.8 mm and a mean increase in central artery ligation of 2.1 mm. The test group had a notably greater proportion of bone fill (45%) in comparison to the control group (30%). Further radiographic study verified enhanced bone regeneration in the areas treated with PRF.

Conclusion: The use of Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) in combination with traditional periodontal surgery greatly expedites the process of periodontal regeneration, as shown by notable enhancements in clinical indicators and bone regeneration.

Aim: The present research aims to assess the nasal morphology within various Sagittal skeletal growth patterns like Classes I, II and III.

Material and method: The present research assesses various nasal parameters within equally distributed 150 lateral cephalograms having Skeletal Classes I, II, and III by manual tracing. The study identified differences in nasal morphology across different skeletal classes.

Result: Naso-facial angle and Profile angle were greater in Class II cases, whereas Naso-mental angle was greater in Class III cases.

Conclusion: Nasal morphology must be considered for accurate diagnosis, treatment planning, and facial reconstruction.

Background: The continuous evolution in orthodontics introduces innovative materials and methods to enhance treatment efficacy. Among these advancements, orthodontic anchorage screws, particularly miniscrews, have revolutionized treatments by offering diverse nonsurgical solutions for managing space discrepancies and certain skeletal malocclusions. The success of miniscrews is influenced by various factors including patient-related factors (age, sex, skeletal pattern, and oral hygiene), miniscrew-related factors (diameter, length, shape), and treatment-related factors (technique, applied forces, and insertion site).

Materials and methods: This study used Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) to evaluate the mandibular buccal shelf area for miniscrew placement across different sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns in 63 subjects, categorized based on the ANB angle and Jarabak ratio into Class I, II, III, and horizontal, average, and vertical growth patterns, respectively. Measurements were taken at specific sites related to the mandibular first and second molars, focusing on angulation, buccal bone depth (4mm and 6mm from the cementoenamel junction), and buccal bone thickness (6mm and 11mm from the cementoenamel junction).

Results: There were no significant statistical differences in any measurement between the right and left hemiarches. The values for the bone around the distal root of the mandibular second molar were significantly greater than the other values. With regard to Sagittal Skeletal Pattern, Class I cases showed greater values as compared to Class II and Class III with a significant difference in the angulation, bone depth, and thickness at 11 mm from CEJ. Although values tended to be greater in patients with horizontal growth pattern, the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusion: Mandibular buccal shelf provides an optimal bone site for miniscrew insertion with better osseous characteristics at the distal root of the mandibular second molar. Subjects with skeletal Class I and horizontal growth pattern exhibit the most favorable osseous characteristics in the MBS area. However, in terms of bone thickness at 6 mm from CEJ Class III cases showed significant difference compared to Class I and Class II.

Background: Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is the most common cause of vision reduction following successful cataract surgery. It is a dynamic process caused by the migration and proliferation of residual lens epithelial cells on the posterior capsule, leading to visual impairment. The standard treatment for PCO is neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd: YAG) laser capsulotomy. This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of Bimatoprost 0.03% and Brimonidine 0.2% in preventing intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation post-Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy.

Materials and methods: This study was conducted over a year at the Government Medical College, Jammu. 400 patients with PCO post extracapsular cataract extraction were randomly divided into two groups. Group A received 1 drop of Bimatoprost 0.03% and Group B received 1 drop of Brimonidine 0.2%, both administered 1 hour before Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy. Intraocular pressure was measured using Goldmann applanation tonometry before treatment and at intervals of 1 hour, 3 hours, 24 hours, 3 days, and 7 days post-treatment.

Results: The mean age of patients was approximately 65 years with no significant difference between groups. The baseline IOP was similar across both groups. At 1 hour post-capsulotomy, Group A showed a mean IOP increase of 2.2 mmHg, while Group B showed an increase of 3.6 mmHg. At 24 hours, the IOP in Group A returned to baseline levels, whereas Group B still exhibited a slight elevation. No significant adverse effects were reported in either group.

Conclusion: Bimatoprost 0.03% is more effective in preventing IOP elevation post Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy compared to Brimonidine 0.2%. It also demonstrated a faster return to baseline IOP levels with fewer side effects. This suggests that Bimatoprost may be a preferable prophylactic treatment for managing post-capsulotomy IOP spikes.

Background: Irrigation is ideal in endodontic treatment as it helps in the removal of bacteria, softening of the organic structure, and then evacuation of debris in the root canal.

Materials and methods: This in vitro study involved 60 extracted single-rooted human teeth, randomly assigned to three groups (n = 20) based on the irrigation protocol used: The three tested products were Group A, sodium hypochlorite 5. 25%; Group B, Chlorhexidine 2%; and finally, Group C, EDTA 17%. Both groups rated equal in terms of the root canal preparation they were put through. A microbiological technique, debris, and smear layer removal were employed to determine irrigation efficacy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used on the extracted roots. In this study, the analysis of variance and post hoc tests were used with a predetermined alpha level of (0.05).

Results: Comparing all the groups, Group A exhibited the best performance with Group B being the second best as seen with the mean log reduction of the bacterial load being 5. With 4.77 (±0. 54), Group A had the highest mean log reduction, while Group B recorded a mean log reduction of 2 (±0. 4). 54 (±0. 36) and Group C had a mean log reduction of 3. 9 (±0. 6). The SEM analysis for Group A was as follows: the cleanliness of samples was found to 85% in contrast to 70% in Group B and 50% in Group C (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Sodium hypochlorite 5. Twenty five percent was found to be the most effective Results showed that 25% is the most effective irrigation protocol in lowering bacterial count as well as in flushing out debris and smear layer from root canal.

Infraorbital floor fracture is a common occurrence in cases of road traffic accidents. A variety of approaches and materials are available for the repair of such fractures. In this case series, we have discussed a conservative approach using an endoscope and the use of Marlex mesh for the repair of ZMC fractures. We have briefly discussed the importance of the selected approach and material, as well as the various advantages of using this combination.

Introduction: Dental caries is a multifactorial disease caused by combined effect of host, environment, and microorganism. Mutans Streptococci (MS) is the main microorganism in causing and progression of dental caries. Advances in science and technology led to attempt in managing dental caries by targeting its initiation and delaying its progress. Immunoglobulin Y has proven efficacy in reducing the colonisation of S. Mutans by affecting the adhesion.

Aim: Thus the present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of passive immunisation on S.Mutans levels in caries active children aged 8-11 yrs of age.

Materials and methods: Total of 50 children were randomly divided into IgY mouthspray (Test Group) and 0.9% Saline (Control group). Saliva sample were collected and subjected to microbial examination using MSB agar at the end of 30 days of study period.

Results: Within the limitations, it can be concluded that IgY mouthspray significantly reduces the adhesion and growth of the causative agent S.Mutans in caries active children.

Conclusion: Use of passive immunisation significantly reduces the bacterial overload and thus decreasing the dental caries in high risk children.

Aim: The study aims to assess the effectiveness of eggshell-derived nanohydroxyapatite (EnHA) as a bone graft material for treating intrabony defects, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for evaluation.

Materials and methods: Ten patients were divided into two groups: Group 1: individuals with 2-wall defects, Group 2: those with 3-wall defects. Follow-up appointments at 1-, 3-, and 6-month intervals included assessments of clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), and gingival recession (GR). CBCT scans were conducted pre-operative, immediately post-surgery, and at 1-month, 3-month, and 5-month follow-ups.

Results: In both groups, clinical parameters such as CAL, PD, and CBCT measurements reveal significant decreases in CAL and PD values alongside positive trends in CBCT measurements. Additionally, Group 2 exhibited enhancements in periodontal health, suggesting the potential effectiveness of EnHA.

Conclusion: EnHA demonstrates potential as a substitute for bone grafting in intrabony defects, showing favourable trends in both clinical and CBCT evaluations during a 6-month observation period.