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Histological aspects of the esophagus in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) 豚鼠食管的组织学特征(porcellus Cavia)
V. Rus, F. Ruxanda, A. Damian, C. Nuţ, C. Martonoș, G. Dogaru, V. Miclăuș, A. Gal
The aim of this study is the detailed description of the esophageal microscopic structure in guinea pigs. Fragments from the cervical, thoracic and abdominal segments of the esophagus were processed for classical paraffin embedding and the sections were stained by hematoxylin-eosin and Goldner’s trichrome methods. The esophagus in guinea pigs is lined by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and there are no glands in the lamina propria and the submucosa. The muscularis mucosae is formed by smooth muscle cells disposed longitudinally. The muscularis externa is formed by striated muscle cells disposed on 3 layers in the first 2 thirds of the esophagus, while in some regions of the abdominal segment’s circumference, the cells form 4 layers.
本研究的目的是对豚鼠食管的显微结构进行详细的描述。对食管颈、胸、腹段切片进行经典石蜡包埋处理,切片采用苏木精-伊红和戈德纳三色法染色。豚鼠食管内壁为角质化的层状鳞状上皮,固有层和粘膜下层没有腺体。粘膜肌层是由纵向排列的平滑肌细胞形成的。外肌层由横纹肌细胞组成,分布在食道前三分之二处的横纹肌细胞分为三层,而在腹段周围的某些区域,横纹肌细胞形成四层。
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引用次数: 2
Status, Characterization and Typology of Dairy Cattle Farms in Northern Algeria 阿尔及利亚北部奶牛养殖场的现状、特征和类型
S. Boukhechem, N. Mimoune, M. K. Ghozlane, N. Moula, R. Kaidi
The aim of this study was to make a finding about the structural, functional and performance aspects of 217 dairy farms in northern Algeria through a survey, then to establish a diagnosis and a typology of these farms.The results showed that farms had an average size of 42.7 ± 102 ha, of which 34.5% was fodder area (FA), and an average of 28 ± 34.5 livestock units (LU) per farm, of which 65% were dairy cows (DC) dominated mainly by the Holstein and Montbeliarde breeds (74.8% of the total herd). The average number of annual work unit (AWU) was 2.98 ± 1.92 AWU/farm of which 78 ± 35% was a family labour. The farms’ performances were generally low. Dairy production (DP) average was 14.3 ± 4.77 kg/cow/day/farm, while fertility represented by calving interval (CI) was 397 ± 20.2 days/cow/farm. The use of multidimensional statistical methods has identified five types of farms.This study revealed a poor exploitation of the dairy potential of cows raised in Algeria, with the dominance of archaic breeding practices that oppose the welfare of these cows. To optimize dairy farming, solutions have been proposed.
本研究的目的是通过一项调查,对阿尔及利亚北部217家奶牛场的结构、功能和性能方面进行调查,然后对这些奶牛场进行诊断和分类。结果表明:牧场平均规模为42.7±102 ha,其中饲料面积(FA)占34.5%;牧场平均牲畜单位(LU)为28±34.5个,其中以荷斯坦和蒙比利德品种为主的奶牛(DC)占65%,占总畜群的74.8%;年平均劳动单位(AWU)为2.98±1.92个/场,其中家庭劳动为78±35%。农场的表现普遍较低。平均产奶量(DP)为14.3±4.77 kg/头/天/场,产犊间隔(CI)为397±20.2 d /头/场。使用多维统计方法确定了五种类型的农场。这项研究揭示了在阿尔及利亚饲养的奶牛的乳制品潜力的不良开发,与反对这些奶牛福利的古老育种做法占主导地位。为了优化奶牛养殖,已经提出了解决方案。
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引用次数: 4
Epidermal and Melanocitic Tumors in Dogs and Cats: a Review 狗和猫表皮和黑色素瘤:综述
D. Dumitras, S. Andrei, A. Gal
Skin is the organ-barrier which assures the isolation and the protection of the organism, but in the same time, it is vulnerable because of its continuous exposure to various environmental factors. Unfortunately, the prevalence of skin cancer in pet animals continues to rise. Several studies have been conducted with the purpose of establishing incidence rates of skin cancer in pets, revealing that regarding dogs, tumors of the skin are the most common, accounting for approximately 30% of all tumors. Similarly, skin tumors in cats are very often diagnosed, accounting for approximately 25% of all tumors (Meuten, 2012; Withrow and Vail, 2007).Considering the importance of deepening the studies related to skin cancer in dogs and cats, this review aims to emphasize the most common types of epidermal and melanocytic neoplastic lesions, highlighting their prevalence, the associated factors, the gross morphology and the histological features.
皮肤是保证机体隔离和保护的器官屏障,但同时又因持续暴露于各种环境因素而变得脆弱。不幸的是,宠物动物中皮肤癌的发病率持续上升。为了确定宠物皮肤癌的发病率,已经进行了几项研究,结果表明,对于狗来说,皮肤肿瘤是最常见的,约占所有肿瘤的30%。同样,猫的皮肤肿瘤也很容易被诊断出来,约占所有肿瘤的25% (Meuten, 2012;Withrow and Vail, 2007)。考虑到深化犬猫皮肤癌相关研究的重要性,本文旨在强调最常见的表皮和黑素细胞肿瘤病变类型,重点介绍其患病率、相关因素、大体形态和组织学特征。
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引用次数: 0
Statistical Reflections Regarding the Significance of the Microscopic Examination in the Diagnosis of Mammary and Abdominal Neoplasias in Cats 猫乳腹部肿瘤显微检查诊断意义的统计思考
Elena Gavrilaș, V. Vulpe
76 cats were clinical examined for mammary and abdominal neoplasias. In 41 cats were performed microscopic examination. Regarding the location of the primary tumors 70 cats had mammary tumors. Isolated, six cases of primary non-mammary tumors were diagnosed following necropsy and histopathology. Following cytopathological and histopathological examinations, 14 tumor types were identified, of which 3 benign and 11 malignant. Benign tumoral types consisted of lipoma, vesical leiomyoma and mammary adenoma. Diagnosed malignant cases consisted of simple mammary adenocarcinoma, solid adenocarcinoma, compact adenocarcinoma, hepatic cholangiocarcinoma, compact carcinoma, mixed pulmonar bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, hemangiosarcoma, mammary comedocarcinoma, solid carcinoma and mixed adenocarcinoma.
对76只猫进行了乳腺和腹部肿瘤的临床检查。对41只猫进行显微检查。至于原发肿瘤的位置,70只猫有乳腺肿瘤。孤立的6例经尸检和组织病理学诊断为原发性非乳腺肿瘤。经细胞病理学及组织病理学检查,共发现肿瘤类型14种,其中良性3种,恶性11种。良性肿瘤类型包括脂肪瘤、膀胱平滑肌瘤和乳腺腺瘤。诊断的恶性病例包括单纯性乳腺腺癌、实性腺癌、致密性腺癌、肝胆管癌、致密性癌、混合性肺细支气管肺泡癌、血管肉瘤、乳腺粉刺癌、实性癌和混合性腺癌。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Growth Traits and Tibiae Health in Sexed Indigenous Turkeys with Different Feather Colours Under Deep Litter and Outdoor Run Houses 不同羽毛颜色土生火鸡在深窝和室外鸡舍下的生长性状和胫骨健康评价
K. K. Safiyu, O. M. Sogunle, L. T. Egbeyale, T. A. Shittu, O. J. Odutayo, Jubril Mustapha, A. V. Elangovan
The study consisted of 400 sexed turkeys, grouped on the basis of 2 distinct feather colours (white and black) into deep litter and outdoor, respectively. Day-old poults were brooded for 4 weeks and acclimatized in both houses for 2 weeks before the commencement of the study that lasted for 10 weeks. At the end of the trial, 2 birds per replicate were sacrificed and left tibiae were removed for morphometric and mineral analyses. Data were arranged in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial layout and subjected to Analysis of Variance in a Completely Randomized Design. Results showed water intake and water: feed were significantly (p<0.05) higher in turkeys reared on deep litter. Also, male turkeys recorded significantly (p<0.05) higher weight gain, feed and water intakes, and better feed conversion ratio than female turkeys. Tibia length and ash weight were significantly (p<0.05) greater in turkeys reared in deep litter than turkeys in outdoor. Tibiae phosphorus was significantly influenced by interactions of sex by feather colour as well as housing system by sex by feather colour. Therefore, female turkeys with either white or black feathers could be reared in outdoor-run for strong tibiae with predominant bone mineral (Ca and P) matrix.
该研究包括400只性别火鸡,根据两种不同的羽毛颜色(白色和黑色)分别分为深窝和户外。日龄雏鸡孵育4周,在两个小区内进行2周的环境适应,开始为期10周的试验。试验结束时,每个重复处死2只鸡,取下左胫骨进行形态测定和矿物分析。数据按2 × 2 × 2因子排列,采用完全随机设计进行方差分析。结果表明,深窝饲的采食量和水料比显著(p<0.05)提高。公火鸡的增重、采食量、采水量显著高于母火鸡(p<0.05),饲料系数显著高于母火鸡(p<0.05)。深窝火鸡胫骨长度和灰分重显著高于室外火鸡(p<0.05)。胫骨磷受性别与羽毛颜色的相互作用以及性别与羽毛颜色的住房制度的显著影响。因此,无论是白色还是黑色羽毛的雌性火鸡,都可以在户外饲养,因为它们的胫骨强壮,骨矿物质(钙和磷)基质占主导地位。
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引用次数: 1
Evaluation of the Physicochemical Quality of Raw Bovine and Goat Milk Marketed in the Steppic Region of Djelfa (Algeria) 阿尔及利亚杰尔法草原地区销售的生牛羊奶理化质量评价
M. Hamiroune, Sounia Dahmani, Zineb Kasmi, A. Foughalia, M. Djemal
This research was conducted to study the key physicochemical parameters of samples of raw bovine and goat milk collected in the steppic region of Djelfa. One hundred and six samples of raw milk were collected from April 2018 to May 2018, at points of sale and analyzed. The results showed that cow’s milk had 3.66±0.89% fat, 11.4±1.56% solid not fat, 4.35±0.61% protein, 6.35±0.89% lactose and a density of 1.0360±0.0056 with a freezing point of -0.380±0.053 °C. While goat’s milk had 3.43±0.65% fat, 10.2±0.92% solid not fat, 3.88±0.36% protein, 5.66±0.52% lactose and a density of 1.0317±0.0035 with a freezing point of -0.348±0.044 °C. This proves that cow’s milk has a slightly higher physicochemical quality than goat’s milk. In addition, the present study showed that 100% raw goat milk is wet against 97.1% raw bovine milk. This indicates the presence of cases of fraud requiring disciplinary procedures. Moreover, in the majority of the cases, the storage temperatures of the milk far exceed the values recommended by the Algerian standards (+6°C). It is necessary to establish a program of control and popularization of all the actors of the sector in order to improve the quality and the quantity of raw milk produced.
本研究对采自杰尔法草原地区的生牛羊奶的主要理化参数进行了研究。从2018年4月至2018年5月,在销售点收集并分析了106份原料奶样本。结果表明,牛奶脂肪含量为3.66±0.89%,非固体脂肪含量为11.4±1.56%,蛋白质含量为4.35±0.61%,乳糖含量为6.35±0.89%,凝固点为-0.380±0.053℃,密度为1.0360±0.0056。羊奶脂肪含量为3.43±0.65%,非固体脂肪含量为10.2±0.92%,蛋白质含量为3.88±0.36%,乳糖含量为5.66±0.52%,密度为1.0317±0.0035,凝固点为-0.348±0.044℃。这证明牛奶的理化质量比羊奶稍高。此外,本研究表明,100%的生羊奶是湿的,而97.1%的生牛奶是湿的。这表明存在需要纪律程序的欺诈案件。此外,在大多数情况下,牛奶的储存温度远远超过阿尔及利亚标准推荐的值(+6°C)。为了提高原料奶的质量和产量,有必要制定一个对该部门所有参与者进行控制和普及的计划。
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引用次数: 0
Characterisation of Extended β-Lactamases and Plasmid Mediated Quinolones Resistancein Escherichia Coli from Shelter Dogs 流浪狗大肠杆菌扩展β-内酰胺酶和质粒介导的喹诺酮类药物耐药特征
A. Cozma, E. I. Măciucă, C. Carp-Cărare, M. Carp-Cărare, C. Rîmbu, A. Aniță, D. Anita, D. Timofte
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of β-lactamase (TEM, SHV, OXA), extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and genes encoding plasmid mediated resistance to quinolones (PMQR) in extended spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from dog faeces from two shelters in the North-East of Romania. Eighty-eight faecal samples from healthy dogs were analysed by cultivation on Brilliance ESBL medium (Oxoid, UK), followed by phenotipic ESBL screening using combination disc test (CDT). Identification of the E. coli strains was performed by uidA/uspA gene PCR. Susceptibility testing was performed on Mueller-Hinton Agar, with β-lactam and non-β-lactam agents. Identification of β-lactamase genes (blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA) and PMQR genes (qnrA, qnrB and qnrS) was performed by PCR as previously described. Twenty eight ESC-resistant E. coli (31.81%) were obtained and (n=21/28, 75%) of these were confirmed as ESBLs and showed resistance to cefpodoxime (n=21/28, 75%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (n=19/21; 90.48%), and enrofloxacin (n=8/21; 38.09%). Predominant ESBL types were CTX-M-1 (n=15/17, 88.24%) and CTX-M-9 (n=2/17, 11.76%) enzymes. TEM and SHV enzymes were identified in 17.86% and 14.29% of the ESC-resistant isolates, whilst some isolates (n=4) carried only blaTEM and blaSHV. The prevalence of PMQR genes was 28.57% of the 28 ESC resistant isolates, consisting of qnrS (62.5%) and qnrB (37.5%). These findings indicate a high prevalence of ESBLs and PMQR associated resistance E. coli in the normal faecal microbiota of dogs from shelters, which carries the risk for dissemination of these resistance genes to other animals, human or the environment.
本研究的目的是确定从罗马尼亚东北部两个收容所的狗粪便中分离到的广谱头孢菌素(ESC)耐药大肠杆菌中β-内酰胺酶(TEM, SHV, OXA)、广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBL)和编码质粒介导的喹诺酮类药物耐药基因(PMQR)的流行情况。采用Brilliance ESBL培养基(Oxoid, UK)对88份健康犬粪便样本进行培养分析,然后采用联合圆盘试验(CDT)对ESBL进行表型筛选。采用uidA/uspA基因PCR对菌株进行鉴定。对muller - hinton琼脂进行β-内酰胺和非β-内酰胺药敏试验。β-内酰胺酶基因(blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA)和PMQR基因(qnrA, qnrB和qnrS)的鉴定如前所述通过PCR进行。获得28株esc耐药大肠杆菌(31.81%),其中确认为ESBLs (n=21/ 28,75 %),对头孢多肟(n=21/ 28,75 %)、阿莫西林/克拉维酸(n=19/21;90.48%),恩诺沙星(n=8/21;38.09%)。主要ESBL类型为CTX-M-1酶(n=15/17, 88.24%)和CTX-M-9酶(n=2/17, 11.76%)。esc耐药菌株中分别有17.86%和14.29%检测到TEM和SHV酶,部分菌株(n=4)仅携带blaTEM和blaSHV酶。PMQR基因在28株ESC耐药菌株中检出率为28.57%,其中qnrS(62.5%)和qnrB(37.5%)。这些发现表明,在收容所的狗的正常粪便微生物群中,ESBLs和PMQR相关耐药大肠杆菌的流行率很高,这有将这些耐药基因传播给其他动物、人类或环境的风险。
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引用次数: 0
Controversies Regarding Compatibility in Xenotransfusion With Blood From Dog to Cat (Review) 异种血从狗到猫的相容性争议(综述)
S. Spătariu, A. Buta, C. Danciu, L. Ognean
As it is well known, any incompatible blood transfusion can generate adverse reactions in feline patients, because cats naturally have plasmatic alloantibodies. Even so, recent scientific studies have shown that transfusions with heterologous blood (canine) to cats, were indeed followed by mild hemolysis states, in cases of severely anemic patients. A repeated transfusion however will cause anaphylactic shock with fatal outcome. Based on the data we have studied, we consider xenotransfusion, even though still controversial, to be considered as an emergency therapeutic procedure when superior, homologous blood cannot be acquired for felines. Through this review we hope to offer clinicians the necessary information to consider xenotransfusion as an alternative in emergency therapy, when this is rigorously sustained by blood compatibility tests and when all other options have been excluded only.
众所周知,任何不相容的输血都会对猫病人产生不良反应,因为猫天生就有血浆同种异体抗体。即便如此,最近的科学研究表明,在严重贫血的患者中,将异种血液(犬)输注给猫,确实会出现轻微的溶血状态。然而,反复输血会导致过敏性休克和致命的后果。根据我们所研究的数据,我们认为异种输血,尽管仍然存在争议,但在无法获得优质同源血液的情况下,可以作为一种紧急治疗方法。通过这篇综述,我们希望为临床医生提供必要的信息,当血液相容性测试严格支持异种输血时,当所有其他选择都被排除在外时,将异种输血作为紧急治疗的替代方案。
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引用次数: 1
Evaluation of Quality Parameters in Raw Meat Used for Processing in the Fast Food Industry 快餐加工用生肉质量参数的评价
A. Tabaran, S. Dan, O. Reget, M. Mihaiu
The aim was to evaluate the quality aspects of raw meat destined for processing in fast-food units and to compare it with that of meat obtained in the traditional systems. Our study revealed that the water holding capacity (WHC) in poultry meat obtained in the industrial systems and used for processing in fast-foods is very variable and also very high compared to the one obtained in the traditional systems. When examining sensorially the quality aspects we found that the colour of the poultry meat (legs) is whiter, paler and in the breast areas we noticed a pathology known the “wooden breast”. In the case of pork meat, we obtained similar results, the industrially obtained meat showing a lighter colour and lower consistency. The protein percentage was correlated with the low quality of the meat obtained in the industrial system. Raw meat destined for processing in the fast-food units should be improved given the lower quality revealed. Measures should be taken also in the production units so as to prevent the pathological lesions found, such as “wooden breast” in poultry meat which we found to be very often observed.
目的是评估用于快餐单位加工的生肉的质量,并将其与传统系统中获得的肉进行比较。我们的研究表明,在工业系统中获得的禽肉和用于快餐加工的禽肉的持水能力(WHC)变化很大,与传统系统中获得的持水能力相比也非常高。在检查感官质量方面时,我们发现禽肉(腿)的颜色更白,更苍白,在乳房区域,我们注意到一种称为“木胸”的病理。在猪肉的情况下,我们得到了类似的结果,工业生产的肉显示出较浅的颜色和较低的稠度。蛋白质百分比与工业系统中获得的肉质较低有关。在快餐店加工的生肉质量较低的情况下,应该改进。生产单位也应采取措施,以防止发现病理病变,例如我们发现经常观察到的禽肉中的“木胸”。
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引用次数: 0
Antioxidant Defense System Alternations in Four Crab Species as a Bio-Indicator of Environmental Contamination 四种螃蟹抗氧化防御系统变化作为环境污染的生物指标
A. Lawal-Are, R. Moruf, Sarah Oyeyinka Oluseye-Are, T. O. Isola
The ecological health status of aquatic environment is a determinant for the survival and growth of organisms within such niche. An investigative study was carried out on four crab species – Cardiosoma armatum, Goniopsis pelli, Callinectes amnicola, Portunus validusinhabiting contaminated sites in Lagos Lagoon- exploring their anti-oxidant defense mechanism in the light of heavy metal concentration in the crab tissues. Amongst the measured heavy metals, cadmium level proved to be significantly highest (P<0.05) with range concentration of 0.42±0.12mg/kg (G. pelli)- 0.79±0.06 mg/kg (C. armatum). Contrastingly, lead was marginally low with concentration below 0.01 mg/kg in all the crab species. Organismal responses to environmental pollution showed a high level of biomarkers. C. armatum was observed to have elevated level of superoxide dismutase (123.04±0.01min/mg/pro), catalase (7.74±0.05min/mg/pro), glutathion transferase (18.21±0.02 Hmol/mg pro), reduced glutathione (2.92±0.04Hmol/mg pro) and glutathione peroxidase (61.85±0.06 Hmol/mg pro) above other species with C. amnicola recording the lowest concentration of the biomarkers. With the low level of heavy metals and corresponding high concentration of these biomarkers, the pollution indices within the study habitat are quite modest.
水生环境的生态健康状况是生态位内生物生存和生长的决定因素。对生活在拉各斯泻湖污染场地的4种蟹类——阿玛心蟹(Cardiosoma armatum)、平角蟹(Goniopsis pelli)、羊膜蟹(Callinectes amnicola)和灰蟹(Portunus validususi)进行了调查研究,探讨了它们组织中重金属浓度对抗氧化防御机制的影响。重金属中,镉含量最高(P<0.05),浓度范围为0.42±0.12mg/kg(黄颡鱼)- 0.79±0.06 mg/kg(黄颡鱼)。所有蟹种的铅含量均低于0.01 mg/kg。生物体对环境污染的反应显示出高水平的生物标志物。超氧化物歧化酶(123.04±0.01min/mg/pro)、过氧化氢酶(7.74±0.05min/mg/pro)、谷胱甘肽转移酶(18.21±0.02 Hmol/mg pro)、还原性谷胱甘肽(2.92±0.04Hmol/mg pro)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(61.85±0.06 Hmol/mg pro)的含量高于其他物种,其中羊草草的含量最低。由于研究生境中重金属含量较低,这些生物标志物的浓度较高,因此研究生境内的污染指数较低。
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引用次数: 10
期刊
Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine
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