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Institution Supérieure de Contrôle et lutte contre la corruption : Mandat ou Contribution ? Cas de la France, du Québec et du Sénégal 最高审计机关与反腐败斗争:任务还是贡献?法国、魁北克和塞内加尔的案例
Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1017/s0008423923000616
Eriole Zita Nonki Tadida
Alors que la lutte contre la corruption est généralement considérée comme une responsabilité de la Justice ou des agences anticorruptions, des recherches montrent que les institutions supérieures de contrôle des finances publiques (ISC) peuvent aussi jouer un rôle essentiel. Cependant, ce rôle n'est pas toujours clairement défini et pourrait diverger selon les contextes. L'objectif de cet article est de mieux cerner le rôle des ISC dans la lutte contre la corruption du point de vue des acteurs directement concernés, soit les membres des ISC. Treize entretiens, réalisés avec des vérificateurs au Québec et des magistrats en France et au Sénégal, démontrent une contribution effective de ces institutions dans le combat contre la corruption, bien qu'elles n'en aient pas le mandat explicite.
虽然打击腐败通常被认为是司法机构或反腐败机构的责任,但研究表明,最高审计机关(SAI)也可以发挥重要作用。然而,这种作用并不总能得到明确界定,而且可能会因具体情况而有所不同。本文旨在从直接参与者(即最高审计机关成员)的角度,更好地了解最高审计机关在反腐败斗争中的作用。与魁北克的审计师以及法国和塞内加尔的地方法官进行的 13 次访谈表明,这些机构为反腐败斗争做出了有效贡献,尽管它们并没有明确的任务授权。
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引用次数: 0
Le Bloc québécois et la souveraineté : une analyse des communiqués de presse de 2002 à 2021 魁北克集团与主权:2002 至 2021 年新闻稿分析
Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.1017/s0008423923000604
D. Duval, Katryne Villeneuve-Siconnelly
Comme l'illustrent Bélanger et Nadeau (2009), l'axe identitaire traditionnel au Québec apparait de moins en moins prédominant sur la scène politique québécoise. Cette situation impose l'adoption d'une stratégie différente de la part des divers partis dits souverainistes. Comment se sont articulées ces tentatives de repositionnement au sein du Bloc québécois? Afin d'explorer cette question, nous avons amassé plus de 7500 communiqués de presse diffusés par le parti entre 2002 et 2021. À l'aide de méthodes d'analyse automatisées et une approche de Latent Semantic Scaling développée par Watanabe (2020), nous illustrons et discutons de la prédominance de l'enjeu souverainiste à travers cette période, ainsi que le ton du parti quant à cet enjeu. Les résultats indiquent que les élections et les résultats de celles-ci jouent un rôle crucial dans la stratégie communicationnelle du Bloc québécois à l’égard de la souveraineté. De façon plus générale, nous observons certaines fluctuations importantes de l'attention accordée à cet enjeu et des variations importantes quant au cadrage de cet enjeu autour des élections. Cette note de recherche apporte un éclairage méthodologique nouveau quant aux théories entourant le réalignement politique en cours au Québec et la saillance qu'occupe le clivage de la souveraineté.
正如 Bélanger 和 Nadeau (2009) 所述,魁北克传统的身份轴心在魁北克政治舞台上似乎越来越不占主导地位。这种情况迫使各种所谓的主权主义政党采取不同的策略。这些重新定位魁北克集团的尝试是如何表达的?为了探讨这一问题,我们收集了该党在 2002 年至 2021 年间发布的 7500 多份新闻稿。利用自动分析方法和 Watanabe(2020 年)开发的潜在语义标度法,我们说明并讨论了主权主义问题在这一时期的主导地位,以及该党在这一问题上的基调。结果表明,选举和选举结果在魁北克集团的主权问题传播策略中起着至关重要的作用。总体而言,我们观察到对这一问题的关注度出现了一些重大波动,围绕选举对这一问题的阐述方式也出现了重大变化。本研究报告为围绕魁北克正在进行的政治调整和主权分歧的突出性的理论提供了新的方法论启示。
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引用次数: 0
Dispelling the Fantasy of Innocence: Complicity and the Cultivation of Transgression in Settler Colonial Contexts 打破纯真的幻想:殖民定居背景下的共谋与越轨行为的滋生
Pub Date : 2024-01-05 DOI: 10.1017/s0008423923000690
Yann Allard-Tremblay
This article critically engages with the Canadian framing of settler colonial/decolonial politics in terms of guilt and innocence. I argue that centring innocence, even as something to be snatched away from settlers, as with the theorization of settler moves to innocence, can corrupt the practice of moral responsibility. Furthermore, I argue that the desire for and expectation of innocence, in the face of structural injustices such as settler colonialism, are illusionary and that complicity is widespread. In contrast, I follow Iris Marion Young's focus on political responsibility, but I argue that public collective actions need not be as centred as she suggests. Given the nature of settler colonialism and of coloniality, I argue for the acknowledgment of the political significance of daily individual acts and for the cultivation of dispositions that disrupt unjust structures, such as a disposition to transgress.
本文批判性地探讨了加拿大从有罪与无罪的角度对定居者的殖民/非殖民化政治进行的构架。我认为,以无辜为中心,甚至将无辜作为从定居者手中夺走的东西,就像定居者走向无辜的理论化一样,会腐蚀道德责任的实践。此外,我还认为,在定居者殖民主义等结构性不公正面前,对清白的渴望和期望是虚幻的,共谋现象普遍存在。与此相反,我遵循艾里斯-马里恩-扬(Iris Marion Young)对政治责任的关注,但我认为公共集体行动不必像她建议的那样以政治责任为中心。鉴于定居者殖民主义和殖民性的本质,我主张承认日常个人行为的政治意义,并培养破坏不公正结构的倾向,如越轨倾向。
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引用次数: 0
Infotaining Canadian Politics? Measuring Infotainment in English-Language Newspaper Coverage of the 2019 Canadian Federal Election 加拿大政治信息娱乐化?衡量英语报纸对 2019 年加拿大联邦大选的信息娱乐报道
Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1017/s0008423923000586
Robert Marinov, Paul Saurette
Several scholars have noted that many types of news coverage (including political news) are increasingly characterized by an “infotainment” style—defined roughly as the communication of politically relevant information using styles and formats more commonly associated with entertainment-oriented programming. Despite this growing trend and the many findings surrounding its impact on politics and political discourse, very little research has been done on the nature and dynamics of infotainment within the Canadian context. In response, this article seeks to measure and evaluate the scope and nature of infotainment in Canadian political news coverage by (1) outlining a comprehensive conceptual definition of (and rigorous method of studying) infotainment and (2) sharing the results of our mixed-methods discourse analysis of infotainment characteristics within 969 hard news articles published in Canadian English-language newspapers that covered the 2019 Canadian federal election. Our findings demonstrate that there was a substantial presence of infotainment characteristics in this coverage. We discuss the detailed nature of these characteristics and the relationship between the presence of infotainment characteristics and those of the quintessentially “Golden Age” reporting style (often viewed as infotainment's polar opposite), while outlining a variety of broader implications and further research questions raised by these findings.
有几位学者指出,许多类型的新闻报道(包括政治新闻)越来越具有 "信息娱乐 "风格的特点,这种风格被粗略地定义为使用与娱乐导向节目更常见的风格和形式来传播与政治相关的信息。尽管这一趋势日益明显,而且围绕其对政治和政治话语的影响也有许多研究结果,但在加拿大,有关信息娱乐的性质和动态的研究却少之又少。为此,本文试图通过以下两个方面来衡量和评估加拿大政治新闻报道中信息娱乐的范围和性质:(1)概述信息娱乐的全面概念定义(和严格的研究方法);(2)分享我们采用混合方法对报道 2019 年加拿大联邦大选的加拿大英语报纸上发表的 969 篇硬新闻文章中的信息娱乐特征进行话语分析的结果。我们的研究结果表明,信息娱乐特征在此次报道中大量存在。我们讨论了这些特征的详细性质,以及信息娱乐特征与典型的 "黄金时代 "报道风格(通常被视为信息娱乐的对立面)特征之间的关系,同时概述了这些发现所带来的各种更广泛的影响和进一步的研究问题。
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引用次数: 0
Ministerial Mandate Letters and Co-ordination in the Canadian Executive 部长授权书与加拿大行政部门的协调
Pub Date : 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.1017/s0008423923000598
Kenny William Ie
Prime ministers in parliamentary systems confront a challenging agency problem in leading cabinets toward cross-government priorities: ministers tend to prioritize departmental interests and may lack incentives and/or information enabling co-ordinated effort. In Canada, a novel mechanism for both increasing incentives and information provision has been developed in recent decades: the mandate letter. These letters are issued by Canadian prime ministers to their ministers, reinforcing government priorities, each minister's responsibilities, and specific policy expectations. This article examines mandate letters as mechanisms inducing interministerial policy co-ordination, focusing on the 2015–2021 period, under Justin Trudeau, as the first Canadian prime minister to release these letters publicly. Using topic modelling and social network analysis, I find that Trudeau has increasingly sought to strengthen ministerial co-ordination and ministers’ focus on crosscutting policy priorities. This case study contributes to our understanding of intraexecutive co-ordination and the agency problem in cabinet government.
议会制的总理在领导内阁实现跨政府优先事项时面临着一个具有挑战性的代理问题:部长们倾向于优先考虑部门利益,可能缺乏激励和/或信息来协调努力。在加拿大,最近几十年来发展了一种增加奖励和提供信息的新机制:授权函。这些信件由加拿大总理发给他们的部长,强调政府的优先事项、每个部长的责任和具体的政策期望。本文考察了授权函作为促进部际政策协调的机制,重点关注2015-2021年期间,贾斯汀·特鲁多(Justin Trudeau)是第一位公开发布授权函的加拿大总理。通过主题建模和社会网络分析,我发现特鲁多越来越多地寻求加强部长协调和部长们对交叉政策优先事项的关注。本案例研究有助于我们对内阁政府内部协调和代理问题的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Canada's Lobbying Industry: Business and Public Interest Advocacy from Harper to Trudeau 加拿大的游说业:从哈珀到特鲁多的商业和公共利益宣传
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0008423923000628
Nicolas Graham, Bryan Evans, David Chen
Abstract This article provides an empirical overview of federal lobbying in Canada, examining lobbying contacts by field and sector from 2011 to 2022. We track shifts in lobbying representation over this period, including across Harper Conservative and Trudeau Liberal administrations. The study reveals the dominance of business interests in lobbying in Canada and a high level of lobbying concentration. By sector, export-oriented industries with high environmental and climatic impacts—namely, agriculture, fossil fuel and manufacturing industries—predominate. With the transition to Trudeau, we find a significant increase in overall rates of lobbying and a modest increase in the ratio of public interest representation. Overall, the lobbying industry is characterized by greater access but unequal voice.
摘要 本文对加拿大联邦游说活动进行了实证概述,研究了 2011 年至 2022 年期间按领域和部门划分的游说联系人。我们追踪了这一时期游说代表的变化,包括哈珀保守党和特鲁多自由党执政期间游说代表的变化。研究揭示了商业利益在加拿大游说活动中的主导地位以及游说活动的高度集中。按行业划分,对环境和气候影响较大的出口导向型行业(即农业、化石燃料和制造业)占主导地位。随着特鲁多上台,我们发现游说活动的总体比例显著上升,公共利益代表的比例也略有增加。总体而言,游说行业的特点是接触机会增多,但发言权不平等。
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引用次数: 0
Representation and Partisanship: What Determines the Topics That Members of Parliament Prioritize in Communications with Their Constituents? 代表与党派:是什么决定了议员在与选民沟通时优先考虑哪些话题?
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0008423923000641
Alex Marland, Feodor Snagovsky
Abstract What determines how Members of Parliament (MPs) and their staff frame their communications with all constituents in their electoral district? Prior research has suggested that constituency operations are one of the last bastions of freedom that MPs have from the full grasp of party discipline in Canada. If this remains true, MP communications with their constituents should reflect the MPs’ background or the constituency context and not their political partisanship. We collected a sample of published newsletters (“householders”) that Canadian MPs’ offices sent to all households in their electoral districts during the COVID-19 pandemic. We supplement our analysis with original insights about householders from a selection of MPs and their staff. Our results suggest that in a system of strict party discipline, the most important predictor of what MPs include in their constituent communications is indeed partisanship. The results inform our understanding of democratic representation, centralized co-ordination and political communication, and the pervasiveness of partisan messaging in Canada.
摘要 是什么决定了国会议员及其工作人员如何与选区内的所有选民进行沟通?先前的研究表明,在加拿大,选区运作是国会议员不受政党纪律全面控制的最后自由堡垒之一。如果这一观点成立,那么国会议员与选民的沟通就应该反映国会议员的背景或选区环境,而不是他们的政治党派。我们收集了加拿大国会议员办公室在 COVID-19 大流行期间向其选区所有家庭发送的已出版通讯("householders")样本。我们还从部分国会议员及其工作人员那里获得了关于住户的原始见解,以此补充我们的分析。我们的研究结果表明,在严格的党纪制度下,预测国会议员在与选民的沟通中包含哪些内容的最重要因素确实是党派立场。这些结果有助于我们理解加拿大的民主代表制、集中协调和政治沟通,以及党派信息的普遍性。
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引用次数: 0
Discours public québécois sur l'affaire du mot en « n » : entre dénonciation d'une insulte raciale et défense des libertés universitaires 魁北克关于 "N "字事件的公开讨论:在谴责种族侮辱和捍卫学术自由之间徘徊
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0008423923000550
S. Taher
Résumé S'intéressant au débat public québécois concernant l'affaire du mot en « n », survenue en 2020 à l'Université d'Ottawa, cet article vise à déterminer comment les discours de déni du racisme produits par les membres des groupes dominants se maintiennent au sein de l'espace public, malgré les critiques anti-racistes produites par les membres des groupes dominés. En combinant la théorie critique de la race, la théorie de l'injustice et l'ignorance épistémiques et la théorie des actes de discours, cet article propose une analyse critique du discours médiatique québécois sur l'affaire du mot en « n ». Il retrace ainsi les positions dénonçant l'utilisation du mot en « n » comme une insulte raciale et une manifestation du racisme systémique et celles justifiant la nécessité de protéger la liberté universitaire et la liberté d'expression face à une culture de l'annulation menaçant de les censurer. L'analyse du cas québécois révèle que le déni public du racisme reproduit des injustices herméneutiques à l’égard des critiques anti-racistes, particulièrement celles formulées par les communautés noires, et cela à travers un nouveau mécanisme linguistique que je nomme les « déviations illocutoires ».
摘要 本文以 2020 年魁北克省关于渥太华大学 "n "字事件的公开辩论为重点,试图确定尽管被支配群体的成员提出了反种族主义的批评,但支配群体成员所产生的否认种族主义的话语是如何在公共空间中得以维持的。本文结合批判性种族理论、认识论不公正和无知理论以及话语行为理论,对魁北克媒体关于 "n "字事件的论述进行了批判性分析。文章追溯了谴责使用 "n "字是种族侮辱和系统性种族主义表现的立场,以及在面临取消文化威胁审查学术自由和表达自由的情况下为保护学术自由和表达自由的必要性辩护的立场。对魁北克案例的分析表明,对种族主义的公开否认通过一种新的语言机制(我称之为 "表达偏差")再现了对反种族主义批评的诠释学不公正,尤其是黑人社区提出的批评。
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引用次数: 0
Canada and Comparative Territorial Politics 加拿大与领土政治比较
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0008423923000665
André Lecours
Abstract This presidential address on Canada and the study of territorial politics makes four main arguments. The first is that territory is a central component of politics, especially of Canadian politics, and that it should remain a focal point of specialists of Canadian and comparative politics. The second is that territory matters in contemporary politics because it serves as grounding for political communities, their claims, and their politics. The third is that not “identifying” parts of Canadian politics as “territorial politics” risks overlooking the importance of territory in the theorizing of federalism, nationalism and regionalism. The fourth is that, through the case of Canada, political scientists have made significant contributions to the study of comparative territorial politics.
摘要 这篇关于加拿大和领土政治研究的主席演讲提出了四个主要论点。首先,领土是政治,尤其是加拿大政治的核心组成部分,它应该继续成为加拿大政治和比较政治专家的研究重点。第二,领土在当代政治中非常重要,因为它是政治社区、其主张和政治的基础。第三,不将加拿大政治的部分内容 "认定为 "领土政治,就有可能忽视领土在联邦主义、民族主义和地区主义理论中的重要性。第四,通过加拿大的案例,政治学家为比较领土政治研究做出了重大贡献。
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引用次数: 0
2023–2024 Canadian Political Science Association / Association canadienne de science politique 2023–2024 2023-2024 年 加拿大政治科学协会 / Association canadienne de science politique 2023-2024 年
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0008423923000781
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引用次数: 0
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Canadian Journal of Political Science
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