Case Studies in Thermal Engineering最新文献_第8页

Investigating the influence of dust particle thermophysical properties on soiled solar cell temperature 研究尘埃粒子的热物理性质对受污染太阳能电池温度的影响

IF 6.4 2区工程技术 Q1 THERMODYNAMICS

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2024.105407

Kudzanayi Chiteka, Christopher Chintua Enweremadu

The increasing adoption of solar photovoltaic systems has brought attention to performance degradation factors, such as soiling, that hinder their efficiency. This study investigates the impact of dust particle thermophysical properties on solar cell temperature and energy losses, using transient thermal analysis and computational fluid dynamics simulations to analyse the complex interactions between dust and solar panels specifically focusing on solar cell temperature. By analyzing dust particle thermophysical characteristics and their interaction with solar collectors, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of performance degradation in solar energy systems. Simulation results reveal that velocity distributions around the solar panel, particularly in low-pressure zones and regions of high turbulence, significantly affect dust dispersion and deposition. Thermal emissions from the panel further influence dust accumulation through thermophoresis. Response surface methodology and contour analysis identified dust particle size as the most critical factor affecting cell temperature, followed by density and specific heat capacity. Thermal conductivity exhibited an inverse relationship with cell temperature, acting as an insulator at lower values. The developed response surface model demonstrated high accuracy (R² = 0.9964) and statistical significance (p-value = 0.0001), predicting temperature variations based on different dust thermophysical parameters. Energy computations, extrapolated from the computational fluid dynamics and thermal simulations for a 50 kW grid-tied solar system over six months, indicated an overall energy loss of 18.93 %, due to transmittance loss (14.89 %), normal cell temperature rise (3.31 %), and temperature rise due to soiling (0.73 %). The study further revealed an overall revenue loss of 4.3 %, with 0.83 % attributed to thermal losses due to soiling. By understanding the influence of dust particle characteristics on solar cell temperature and performance, the findings can inform better maintenance practices and improve long-term energy yield predictions for solar installations.

随着太阳能光伏系统的日益普及，人们开始关注阻碍其效率的性能退化因素，如灰尘。本研究利用瞬态热分析和计算流体动力学模拟来分析灰尘和太阳能电池板之间复杂的相互作用，特别是对太阳能电池温度的影响，从而研究灰尘颗粒的热物理性质对太阳能电池温度和能量损失的影响。通过分析尘埃粒子的热物理特性及其与太阳能集热器之间的相互作用，这项研究提供了对太阳能系统性能退化的全面理解。模拟结果表明，太阳能电池板周围的速度分布，尤其是低压区和高湍流区的速度分布，会对灰尘的扩散和沉积产生重大影响。太阳能电池板的热排放通过热泳进一步影响灰尘的积累。响应面方法和等值线分析确定粉尘颗粒大小是影响电池温度的最关键因素，其次是密度和比热容。导热系数与电池温度呈反比关系，在较低值时起绝缘作用。所开发的响应面模型具有很高的准确性（R2 = 0.9964）和统计学意义（p 值 = 0.0001），可根据不同的粉尘热物理参数预测温度变化。对一个 50 千瓦并网太阳能系统进行的为期六个月的计算流体动力学和热模拟推断得出的能量计算结果表明，由于透射率损失（14.89%）、正常电池温升（3.31%）和污垢导致的温升（0.73%），总体能量损失为 18.93%。研究进一步显示，总体收益损失为 4.3%，其中 0.83% 归因于脏污造成的热损失。通过了解灰尘颗粒特性对太阳能电池温度和性能的影响，研究结果可为更好的维护实践提供依据，并改善太阳能装置的长期能源产量预测。

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引用次数: 0

Preparation and performance study of low heat storage flame retardant polyurethane for coal mines 煤矿用低蓄热阻燃聚氨酯的制备和性能研究

IF 6.4 2区工程技术 Q1 THERMODYNAMICS

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2024.105414

Haiyan Wang, Xiao Chen, Chengxiang Zou, Cheng Fan, Lei Chen, Mengen Zhao

In order to meet the requirements for the use of polyurethane for reinforcement in mines, the synthesis temperature of polyurethane needs to be lowered, and the flame-retardant and mechanical properties of polyurethane should also be considered comprehensively. Factors affecting the synthesis temperature of polyurethanes are investigated, low heat storage polyurethanes that meet the temperature requirements for use in plugging crushed coal bodies in coal mines are formulated, and the synthesized polyurethanes are characterised for their flame retardant properties by FTIR, SEM, TG-FTIR and CONE experiments. It was found that in this paper, a new type of polyurethane for coal mines was formed by flame retardant modification of polyurethane by adding nano-system flame retardant and phosphorus-system flame retardant, and the synthetic reaction temperature of the material could reach as low as 51.2 °C, and the pyrolysis onset temperature was increased to 286 °C. The experimental results show that the flame retardant property of this synthetic polyurethane has been significantly improved, and the heat accumulation effect of the synthesis process on the surrounding coal body has been greatly reduced. The physical properties and thermal stability of this synthetic polyurethane in the grouting process meet the safety requirements for use in underground coal mines.

为了满足矿井中使用聚氨酯加固的要求，需要降低聚氨酯的合成温度，同时还要综合考虑聚氨酯的阻燃性能和机械性能。本文研究了影响聚氨酯合成温度的因素，配制了符合煤矿堵塞破碎煤体温度要求的低蓄热聚氨酯，并通过傅立叶变换红外光谱、扫描电镜、TG-傅立叶变换红外光谱和 CONE 实验表征了合成聚氨酯的阻燃性能。研究发现，本文通过添加纳米体系阻燃剂和磷体系阻燃剂对聚氨酯进行阻燃改性，形成了一种新型煤矿用聚氨酯，该材料的合成反应温度最低可达 51.2 ℃，热解起始温度提高到 286 ℃。实验结果表明，这种合成聚氨酯的阻燃性能得到了明显改善，合成过程对周围煤体的蓄热效应也大大降低。这种合成聚氨酯在灌浆过程中的物理性能和热稳定性符合煤矿井下使用的安全要求。

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引用次数: 0

Energy and exergy analysis of pulse detonation combustor and pulse detonation turbine engine cycle 脉冲爆燃燃烧器和脉冲爆燃涡轮发动机循环的能量和放能分析

IF 6.4 2区工程技术 Q1 THERMODYNAMICS

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2024.105426

Zhiyi Xiao, Jie Lu, Longxi Zheng, Kexin Liu

As a kind of pressurized combustion, pulse detonation combustion brings many possibilities for the improvement of aero-engine performance.In this paper, energy and exergy analyses of pulse detonation combustor (PDC) and pulse detonation turbine engine (PDTE) cycles based on unsteady analysisare conducted. A simplified exergy flow model is proposed to describe the exergy flow of PDC under different inlet conditions, and based on this, the exergy efficiency of PDC is compared with that of an isobaric combustion chamber. In addition, the energy and exergy flows of ideal and real PDTE cycles are analyzed, and the cycle thermal and exergy efficiencies under different inlet conditions are obtained. The results show that the exergy efficiency of PDC is higher than that of an isobaric combustion chamber from an inlet pressure ratio of 3–45, but the efficiency improvement decreases from 13.2 % to 7.2 %. The thermal efficiency of the ideal PDTE cycle is higher than that of the Brayton cycle, but the efficiency improvement decreases from 78.2 % to 4.7 %. The irreversible losses in the real process will lead to energy loss during compression and expansion processes in the PDTE cycle, thus reducing its exergy efficiency and thermal efficiency.

本文基于非稳态分析对脉冲爆燃燃烧器（PDC）和脉冲爆燃涡轮发动机（PDTE）循环进行了能量和放能分析。提出了一个简化的放能流模型来描述 PDC 在不同入口条件下的放能流，并在此基础上将 PDC 的放能效率与等压燃烧室的放能效率进行了比较。此外，还分析了理想和实际 PDTE 循环的能量流和放能流，并得出了不同入口条件下的循环热效率和放能效率。结果表明，在入口压力比为 3-45 的条件下，PDC 的放能效率高于等压燃烧室，但效率提高幅度从 13.2% 降至 7.2%。理想 PDTE 循环的热效率高于布雷顿循环，但效率提高率从 78.2% 降至 4.7%。实际过程中的不可逆损失将导致 PDTE 循环在压缩和膨胀过程中的能量损失，从而降低其放电效率和热效率。

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引用次数: 0

Numercial modeling for enhanced heat transfer efficiency of spiral coils with supercritical fluid flow under different operating conditions 不同运行条件下超临界流体流螺旋线圈传热效率提升的数值建模

IF 6.4 2区工程技术 Q1 THERMODYNAMICS

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2024.105419

Xinling Wang , Naeim Farouk , Xiaoqing Fu , Pradeep Kumar Singh , Guo Xu , Fahad M. Alhomayani , Baseem Khan , Fawaz S. Alharbi , Barno Sayfutdinovna Abdullaeva , Laith H. Alzubaidi , Yasser Elmasry , Hakim A.L. Garalleh

This research investigates the thermohydraulic performance and exergy destruction associated with the flow of supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO₂) within spirally coiled mini tubes. The study examines the impact of different cross-sectional geometries. The primary objective of the study is to examine the impact of critical parameters, including shape, hydraulic diameter, inlet temperature, mass flux, and operating pressure, on important variables such as friction factor, heat transfer coefficient, and exergy efficiency. The computational simulation employs the RNG k−ε model. The Coupled algorithm was utilized for the determination of velocity and pressure fields, utilizing second-order discretization for domain partitioning and first-order discretization for other terms. The carbon dioxide (CO₂) was conceptualized as a compressible gas with complex thermophysical attributes that are contingent upon variations in temperature and pressure. The thermophysical properties of carbon dioxide are evaluated within a defined range of operating conditions (298. 15 K < T < 455 K and 8 MPa < p < 10 MPa). The observed trends in HTC (heat transfer coefficient) demonstrate a correlation with specific heat, showing a peak at lower temperatures under increased operating pressures. Elevated operational pressure results in a reduction of the maximum HTC. The augmentation of mass flux results in an increase in heat transfer coefficient, thereby indicating an improvement in system efficiency. An augmentation in hydraulic diameter yields diminished heat transfer coefficients, mitigated pressure loss, and heightened exergy destruction.

这项研究调查了超临界二氧化碳（sCO2）在螺旋盘绕的微型管内流动时的热流体力学性能和放能破坏情况。研究考察了不同截面几何形状的影响。研究的主要目的是考察关键参数（包括形状、液压直径、入口温度、质量流量和工作压力）对摩擦因数、传热系数和放能效率等重要变量的影响。计算模拟采用了 RNG k-ε 模型。耦合算法用于确定速度场和压力场，利用二阶离散进行域划分，利用一阶离散进行其他项划分。二氧化碳（CO2）被认为是一种可压缩气体，具有复杂的热物理属性，取决于温度和压力的变化。二氧化碳的热物理性质是在规定的工作条件范围内（298.15 K < T < 455 K 和 8 MPa < p < 10 MPa）进行评估的。观察到的 HTC（传热系数）趋势显示出与比热的相关性，在工作压力升高的情况下，在温度较低时出现峰值。工作压力升高导致最大 HTC 值降低。质量流量的增加导致传热系数的增加，从而表明系统效率的提高。液压直径增大会导致传热系数减小、压力损失减少以及热能破坏加剧。

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引用次数: 0

Boosting electricity generation associated with Saudi Arabi buildings using PCM and PV cells on walls and roof leading to a sustainable building 利用墙壁和屋顶上的 PCM 和光伏电池提高沙特阿拉伯建筑的发电量，打造可持续建筑

IF 6.4 2区工程技术 Q1 THERMODYNAMICS

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2024.105444

Naeim Farouk , SamahG.Babiker , Umar F. Alqsair

In Saudi Arabia, where the majority of regions receive a minimum incident shortwave solar energy exceeding 4 kWh/(m². year), there is a high potential for electricity generation and simultaneously, a challenge in building cooling. In this study, by adding photovoltaic (PV) on the roof and wall, as well as using phase change material (PCM) inside the walls, electricity production and energy consumption of Saudi residential buildings were investigated. Taking into account the effects of radiation on vertical and horizontal envelopes as well as phase change in PCM, the energy equation was solved using DesignBuilder to specify hourly energy consumption and electricity generation. When installing PV cells at the optimal tilt, incoming radiation to the cells increases. However, creating shadows on subsequent rows of cells diminishes the effective PV surface area. Surprisingly, calculations revealed that if PV cells are installed at zero angle, owing to installing more PV cells, up to 31 % extra electricity is produced than when installed at the optimal tilt. As a side effect, the cooling load decreases by 5.1 % due to reduced radiation intensity on the roof. The orientation of the walls significantly impacts both phase change material (PCM) and PV-associated electricity generation. Placing PCM on the east wall optimizes its performance, while walls containing PV panels perform best when facing south. To further enhance cooling and reduce electricity demand, phase change material was incorporated into both the roof and wall, resulting in a 2 % reduction in overall electricity demand. Notably, in eight major populated areas across Saudi Arabia, under the constraint of the constant PV cell area, installing PV cells on the roof proves three times more advantageous than placing them on the walls.

在沙特阿拉伯，大部分地区接收的最低入射短波太阳能超过 4 kWh/（m2.年），因此发电潜力巨大，同时在建筑制冷方面也面临挑战。在这项研究中，通过在屋顶和墙壁上增加光伏（PV）以及在墙壁内使用相变材料（PCM），对沙特住宅建筑的发电量和能耗进行了调查。考虑到辐射对垂直和水平围护结构的影响以及 PCM 的相变，使用 DesignBuilder 求解了能源方程，以确定每小时的能耗和发电量。当以最佳倾斜度安装光伏电池时，进入电池的辐射会增加。然而，在随后几排电池上形成阴影会减少有效的光伏表面积。令人惊讶的是，计算显示，如果以零角度安装光伏电池，由于安装了更多的光伏电池，发电量比以最佳倾斜角度安装时多 31%。同时，由于屋顶的辐射强度降低，制冷负荷也减少了 5.1%。墙壁的朝向对相变材料 (PCM) 和光伏发电都有很大影响。将相变材料置于东墙可优化其性能，而装有光伏板的墙面朝南时性能最佳。为了进一步提高冷却效果并减少电力需求，屋顶和墙壁都采用了相变材料，从而使总体电力需求减少了 2%。值得注意的是，在沙特阿拉伯的八个主要人口稠密地区，在光伏电池面积不变的限制条件下，将光伏电池安装在屋顶比安装在墙壁上的优势高出三倍。

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引用次数: 0

Optimized physics-informed neural network for analyzing the radiative-convective thermal performance of an inclined wavy porous fin 用于分析倾斜波浪形多孔鳍片辐射对流热性能的优化物理信息神经网络

IF 6.4 2区工程技术 Q1 THERMODYNAMICS

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2024.105423

K. Chandan , Pudhari Srilatha , K. Karthik , M.E. Raghunandan , K.V. Nagaraja , E.A. Gopalakrishnan , R.S. Varun Kumar , Fehmi Gamaoun

The significance of radiation and inclination on the temperature dispersion of the wavy porous fin has been addressed in the present study. Also, the influence of convection and internal heat generation on the thermal dissipation of the inclined wavy porous fin (IWPF) is examined. The pertinent temperature expression of the fin is represented using basic laws, and this equation is reduced to a dimensionless form via dimensionless variables. Additionally, a mix-encoding Genetic algorithm and Particle swarm optimization technique is shown to optimize the network hyperparameters. This resolves the issue of arbitrarily identifying the Physics informed neural networks (PINN's) ideal network and successfully limits local optimization during the training phase. Further, the equation is also resolved numerically using Runge-Kutta Fehlberg's fourth-fifth (RKF-45) scheme, and the solutions are subsequently used to verify the PINN model's applicability. The temperature results estimated by PINN and their associated RKF-45 values correlate excellently, which indicates the accuracy of the applied PINN model. The obtained findings denote that reduced measures of convective-conductive variables stimulate the IWPF's thermal distribution. An inclination angle of the fin has a significant impact on the thermal variation of the IWPF.

本研究探讨了辐射和倾斜度对波浪形多孔翅片温度散布的影响。此外，还研究了对流和内部发热对倾斜波浪形多孔翅片（IWPF）散热的影响。翅片的相关温度表达用基本定律表示，并通过无量纲变量将该方程简化为无量纲形式。此外，还展示了一种混合编码遗传算法和粒子群优化技术，用于优化网络超参数。这解决了任意确定物理信息神经网络（PINN）理想网络的问题，并成功限制了训练阶段的局部优化。此外，还使用 Runge-Kutta Fehlberg's fourth-fifth (RKF-45) 方案对方程进行了数值求解，求解结果随后用于验证 PINN 模型的适用性。PINN 估算的温度结果与相关的 RKF-45 值非常吻合，这表明所应用的 PINN 模型非常准确。研究结果表明，对流-传导变量的减少会刺激 IWPF 的热分布。翅片的倾斜角度对 IWPF 的热变化有显著影响。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of injection strategy on spray and combustion processes in 2-stroke rod-less opposed piston engine (2S-ROPE) 喷射策略对二冲程无杆对置活塞发动机（2S-ROPE）喷射和燃烧过程的影响

IF 6.4 2区工程技术 Q1 THERMODYNAMICS

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2024.105442

Jieru Yang , Junqiang Ma , Guoxiu Li , Hongmeng Li , Rongpei Jiang , Honglin Bai , Caifeng Hao

The 2-stroke Rod-less Opposed Piston Engine (2S-ROPE) is a novel engine design that has garnered attention owing to its high power and low fuel consumption. This study investigated the effects of different fuel injection strategies on the in-cylinder working process of a 2S-ROPE engine, which features a smaller combustion space and lateral injection than conventional diesel engines. A high-precision three-dimensional simulation model was developed to examine the fuel atomization and in-cylinder combustion processes under four distinct injection strategies (S1, S2, S3, and S4). The results demonstrated that the injection strategy significantly influenced the number of oil droplets, particularly for small particles. The number of small droplets in S4 was approximately 6 times that in S1. The double-layer injection strategies (S3 and S4) exhibited a better atomization breakup and oil-air mixing, leading to a faster combustion rate and higher lift power than the single-layer injection strategies (S1 and S2). These findings suggest that the double-layer injection strategy is more suitable for a 2S-ROPE engine, increasing the lift power by up to 23 %. The results can guide the improvement of combustion parameters in most opposed piston engines.

二冲程无杆对置活塞发动机（2S-ROPE）是一种新型发动机设计，因其高功率和低油耗而备受关注。与传统柴油发动机相比，2S-ROPE 发动机的燃烧空间更小，且采用横向喷射，本研究探讨了不同燃油喷射策略对其缸内工作过程的影响。研究人员开发了一个高精度三维仿真模型，以检验四种不同喷射策略（S1、S2、S3 和 S4）下的燃油雾化和缸内燃烧过程。结果表明，喷射策略对油滴数量有显著影响，尤其是小颗粒油滴。S4 中的小油滴数量约为 S1 中的 6 倍。与单层喷射策略（S1 和 S2）相比，双层喷射策略（S3 和 S4）表现出更好的雾化破裂和油气混合效果，从而导致更快的燃烧速度和更高的升力。这些发现表明，双层喷射策略更适合 2S-ROPE 发动机，可将升功率提高 23%。这些结果可以指导大多数对置活塞发动机燃烧参数的改进。

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引用次数: 0

The performance analysis of a compressed air energy storage (CAES) for peak moving with cooling, heating, and power production 压缩空气储能（CAES）的性能分析，用于调峰制冷、供热和发电

IF 6.4 2区工程技术 Q1 THERMODYNAMICS

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2024.105448

Ehsanolah Assareh , Siamak Hoseinzadeh , Abolfazl Karami , Hassan Bazazzadeh , Daniele Groppi , Davide Astiaso Garcia

This study focuses on modeling and optimizing a multifaceted geothermal-based energy production system within the context of Denmark. The primary objectives revolve around enhancing system efficiency and reducing operational costs. The system under investigation comprises geothermal components, an organic Rankine cycle, a compressed air energy storage facility, and an absorption chiller. The organic Rankine cycle operates using refrigerants R123 and ammonia, effectively converting thermal energy into electricity and thermal energy for various applications. Optimization was carried out employing the Response Surface Method in tandem with Design-Expert software, facilitating the fine-tuning of objective functions. Two key objectives were selected: Exergy Round Trip Efficiency and cost rate, aimed at improving technical performance and curbing economic expenditure. A range of design variables were considered for optimization, including turbine and pump inlet temperatures, geothermal mass flow rate, turbine and pump efficiencies, compressor and gas turbine efficiency, inlet pressure to the compressed air energy storage tank, and evaporator pinch point temperature. The system reached an impressive exergy efficiency peak of 77.98 %, accompanied by a modest cost rate of 5.48 $/h. The costliest components in the system were the compressed air energy storage unit, followed closely by organic Rankine cycle 1 and organic Rankine cycle 2. In contemplating the practical implementation of this innovative energy system, ten cities in Denmark underwent rigorous analysis, accounting for technical and economic factors. Subsequent assessments identified Aarhus as the optimal location to initiate the system. The environmental results showed that by producing 13981.9 MW of electricity annually in Arhus City, it is possible to help reduce CO₂ emissions by 2853.2 tons of CO₂/year and avoid environmental costs of 68455.3 $/year. The environmental assessment also highlighted the potential for substantial green space expansion, estimating an additional 13 ha of green areas in the city of Aarhus, Denmark.

本研究的重点是在丹麦范围内模拟和优化一个多元地热能源生产系统。主要目标是提高系统效率和降低运营成本。所研究的系统包括地热组件、有机朗肯循环、压缩空气储能设施和吸收式冷却器。有机郎肯循环使用制冷剂 R123 和氨，有效地将热能转化为电能和热能，用于各种应用。优化工作采用响应面法与 Design-Expert 软件相结合的方式进行，便于对目标函数进行微调。选择了两个关键目标：热能往返效率和成本率，旨在提高技术性能和降低经济支出。优化考虑了一系列设计变量，包括涡轮机和水泵入口温度、地热质量流量、涡轮机和水泵效率、压缩机和燃气轮机效率、压缩空气储能罐入口压力以及蒸发器夹点温度。该系统的能效峰值达到了令人印象深刻的 77.98%，成本率仅为 5.48 美元/小时。系统中成本最高的组件是压缩空气储能装置，其次是有机朗肯循环 1 和有机朗肯循环 2。在考虑这一创新能源系统的实际应用时，丹麦的十个城市进行了严格的分析，考虑了技术和经济因素。随后的评估确定奥胡斯为启动该系统的最佳地点。环境评估结果表明，通过在奥胡斯市每年生产 13981.9 兆瓦的电力，可以帮助减少每年 2853.2 吨的二氧化碳排放量，并避免每年 68455.3 美元的环境成本。环境评估还强调了大量扩大绿地的潜力，预计丹麦奥胡斯市将增加 13 公顷绿地。

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引用次数: 0

The thermal performance of a typical prefab container house 典型预制集装箱房屋的保温性能

IF 6.4 2区工程技术 Q1 THERMODYNAMICS

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2024.105445

Wei Liang , Xunan Ye , Yuzai Zhou , Chaoting Nie , Jianlong Xing , Li Liu , Junhua Zhu , Jianjun Zhang , Lei Miao

Prefabricated container houses have been widely used in recent decades, particularly at construction sites. To improve their energy efficiency, the thermal deficiencies of a typical prefab container house were firstly analyzed using infrared thermography. Detailed measurements of the thermal behavior of its envelope were conducted, focusing on thermal bridges, air infiltration rates, and window solar heat gains. The energy consumption from various sources were then calculated based on the measured data. It showed that there were thermal bridges near the joint of the walls and the panels. The reserved space for rainwater pipes and cables, as well as the panel connecting seams, were inadequately insulated, resulting in higher surface temperatures and heat fluxes compared to the adjacent walls. The energy consumption from the windows, the thermal bridges and air infiltration accounted for around 50 % of the total energy consumption. The thermal bridge insulation structures could reduce more than 60 % and around 40 % energy consumptions of the corners and the seams. The external louvers could reduce around 40 % energy consumption of the windows. After the energy-saving retrofit, the total energy consumption of the prefab house was reduced by approximately 25.9 %.

近几十年来，预制集装箱房屋得到了广泛应用，尤其是在建筑工地。为了提高其能源效率，我们首先使用红外热成像技术分析了典型预制集装箱房屋的热缺陷。对其围护结构的热行为进行了详细测量，重点是热桥、空气渗透率和窗户的太阳辐射热获得。然后根据测量数据计算了各种来源的能耗。结果表明，在墙壁和面板的连接处存在热桥。雨水管和电缆的预留空间以及面板的连接缝保温不足，导致表面温度和热通量高于相邻墙壁。窗户、热桥和空气渗透产生的能耗约占总能耗的 50%。热桥隔热结构可减少 60% 以上的能耗，边角和接缝处的能耗可减少约 40%。外百叶窗可减少窗户约 40% 的能耗。节能改造后，预制房屋的总能耗降低了约 25.9%。

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引用次数: 0

Nanoscale heat transport analysis of magnetized trihybrid nanofluid over wedge artery: Keller box and finite element scheme combination 楔形动脉上磁化三混合纳米流体的纳米级热传输分析：凯勒盒与有限元方案的结合

IF 6.4 2区工程技术 Q1 THERMODYNAMICS

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2024.105446

Maalee Almheidat , Mohammad Alqudah , Basma Souayeh , Nguyen Minh Tuan , Shabbir Ahmad , Khadijah M. Abualnaja

This research represents a crucial step forward in the design and application of magnetized ternary hybrid nanofluids, paving the way for innovations in thermal management and medical treatment technologies. Optimization analysis of nanoscale heat transport for magnetized ternary hybrid bio nanofluid containing SiO2, TiO2, and Al2O3 nanoparticles over a three-dimensional wedge geometry is made in this article. Heat transport analysis is studied through thermal and joule heating effects and the ternary hybrid composition is chosen to leverage the combined thermal properties of the nanoparticles. Furthermore, detail streamlines of flow pattern are investigated for different physical parameters. Physical system is formulated with the system of Partial differential equation (PDEs) and it is processed with similarity transformation to convert it into system of ordinary differential equation (ODEs). Furthermore, Keller box scheme is applied to fetch its numerical solution and compared with finite element technique for validation and found smooth agreement.

Temperature is increased with pressure gradient, shear strain and thermal radiation parameter. Magnitude of drag force is increasing with increasing Weissenberg number. For We = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, skin friction increases in ternary nanofluid with 13 %,17 %, 21 %, 23 % and 26 % respectively. For β = 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, skin friction decreases in ternary nanofluid with 30 %,25 %, 20 %, 15 % and 10 % respectively.

这项研究标志着磁化三元混合纳米流体的设计和应用向前迈出了关键一步，为热管理和医疗技术的创新铺平了道路。本文对含有 SiO2、TiO2 和 Al2O3 纳米粒子的磁化三元混合生物纳米流体在三维楔形几何体上的纳米级热传输进行了优化分析。通过热效应和焦耳热效应研究了热传输分析，并选择了三元混合成分以充分利用纳米粒子的综合热特性。此外，还研究了不同物理参数下流动模式的详细流线。物理系统由偏微分方程（PDE）系统构成，并通过相似性转换将其转换为常微分方程（ODE）系统。温度随压力梯度、剪切应变和热辐射参数的增加而增加。阻力的大小随着魏森堡数的增加而增大。当 We = 0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6 时，三元纳米流体的表皮摩擦力分别增加了 13%、17%、21%、23% 和 26%。当 β = 0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7 时，三元纳米流体的皮肤摩擦力分别降低 30%、25%、20%、15% 和 10%。

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