Biodegradation kinetic behaviors of ethyl acetate and xylene in a sugarcane bagasse biofilter were investigated. Microbial growth rate, biochemical reaction rate and kinetic analysis were inhibited at higher inlet concentration. For the microbial growth process, the microbial growth rate of ethyl acetate was greater than that of xylene in the inlet concentration range of 0.2 - 1.2 g.m- 3 . The degree of inhibitive effect was almost the same for ethyl acetate and xylene in this concentration range. The half-saturation constant Ks values of ethyl acetate and xylene were 1.8489 and 1.784 g.m -3 , respectively. The maximum reaction rate V m values of ethyl acetate and xylene were 0.8073and 0.8438 g C h -1 kg -1 packed material, respectively at a concentration of 0.2 g.m -3 . For the biochemical reaction process, the biochemical reaction rate of ethyl acetate was greater than that of xylene in the inlet concentration range of 0.2 - 1.2 g.m -3 . The inhibitive effect for ethyl acetate was more pronounced than that for 0.2 - 1.2 g.m -3 in this concentration range. The EAX concentration profiles along the depth were also determined by using diffusion reaction model. It was observed that at low concentration and low flow rate, the model is in good agreement with the experimental values for ethylacetate and xylene. Keywords: Xylene, ethyl acetate, sugarcane bagasse, biofilter, biochemical reaction DOI = 10.3329/cerb.v14i1.4683 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 14 (2010) 51-57
研究了蔗渣生物滤池中乙酸乙酯和二甲苯的生物降解动力学行为。较高的进口浓度抑制了微生物生长速率、生化反应速率和动力学分析。在微生物生长过程中，在入口浓度0.2 ~ 1.2 g m- 3范围内，乙酸乙酯的微生物生长速率大于二甲苯。在此浓度范围内，对乙酸乙酯和二甲苯的抑制程度基本相同。乙酸乙酯和二甲苯的半饱和常数k值分别为1.8489和1.784 g m -3。在浓度为0.2 g m -3时，乙酸乙酯和二甲苯的最大反应速率V m值分别为0.8073和0.8438 g C h -1 kg -1填料。在生化反应过程中，在入口浓度0.2 ~ 1.2 g m -3范围内，乙酸乙酯的生化反应速率大于二甲苯的生化反应速率。在此浓度范围内，对乙酸乙酯的抑制作用比0.2 ~ 1.2 g m -3的抑制作用更明显。采用扩散反应模型测定了EAX浓度沿深度的分布。结果表明，在低浓度、低流速条件下，模型与乙酸乙酯和二甲苯的实验值吻合较好。关键词:二甲苯，乙酸乙酯，甘蔗渣，生物过滤器，生化反应DOI = 10.3329/cerb.v14i1.4683化学工程研究通报14 (2010)51-57
{"title":"Biofiltration kinetics of ethylacetate and xylene using sugarcane bagasse based biofilter","authors":"S. Viswanathan, R. Manivasagam, R. Natarajan","doi":"10.3329/CERB.V14I1.4683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/CERB.V14I1.4683","url":null,"abstract":"Biodegradation kinetic behaviors of ethyl acetate and xylene in a sugarcane bagasse biofilter were investigated. Microbial growth rate, biochemical reaction rate and kinetic analysis were inhibited at higher inlet concentration. For the microbial growth process, the microbial growth rate of ethyl acetate was greater than that of xylene in the inlet concentration range of 0.2 - 1.2 g.m- 3 . The degree of inhibitive effect was almost the same for ethyl acetate and xylene in this concentration range. The half-saturation constant Ks values of ethyl acetate and xylene were 1.8489 and 1.784 g.m -3 , respectively. The maximum reaction rate V m values of ethyl acetate and xylene were 0.8073and 0.8438 g C h -1 kg -1 packed material, respectively at a concentration of 0.2 g.m -3 . For the biochemical reaction process, the biochemical reaction rate of ethyl acetate was greater than that of xylene in the inlet concentration range of 0.2 - 1.2 g.m -3 . The inhibitive effect for ethyl acetate was more pronounced than that for 0.2 - 1.2 g.m -3 in this concentration range. The EAX concentration profiles along the depth were also determined by using diffusion reaction model. It was observed that at low concentration and low flow rate, the model is in good agreement with the experimental values for ethylacetate and xylene. Keywords: Xylene, ethyl acetate, sugarcane bagasse, biofilter, biochemical reaction DOI = 10.3329/cerb.v14i1.4683 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 14 (2010) 51-57","PeriodicalId":9756,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin","volume":"18 1","pages":"51-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81535996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As the chlorination of textile wastewater achieves all the objectives of its treatment such as color removal and reduction of TDS, BOD and COD; and the treated effluents meet the standards set as per Schedule 12-B of the Environment Conservation Rules-1997 (ECR-97, Bangladesh), the treatment of textile wastewater with chlorine gas is a practical technological option for Bangladesh. If this process which is simple if adopted by the textile sector, the ETP operation would be widely practised for its low operating costs because of low price of chlorine produced by local chlor-alkali plants in the country. Satisfactory operation of the ETPs treating textile wastewater with chlorine at low costs has made this process affordable and attractive to the textile sector. Some of the perceived limitations of chlorination outweighs the greater benefits of textile wastewater treatment with chlorine gas leading to cleaner water bodies which receive these effluents otherwise. Keywords: Textile wastewater, chlorination, ETP, wastewater treatment DOI = 10.3329/cerb.v14i1.3206 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 14 (2010) 59-63
{"title":"Treatment of Textile Wastewater with Chlorine: An Effective Method","authors":"A. Quader","doi":"10.3329/CERB.V14I1.3206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/CERB.V14I1.3206","url":null,"abstract":"As the chlorination of textile wastewater achieves all the objectives of its treatment such as color removal and reduction of TDS, BOD and COD; and the treated effluents meet the standards set as per Schedule 12-B of the Environment Conservation Rules-1997 (ECR-97, Bangladesh), the treatment of textile wastewater with chlorine gas is a practical technological option for Bangladesh. If this process which is simple if adopted by the textile sector, the ETP operation would be widely practised for its low operating costs because of low price of chlorine produced by local chlor-alkali plants in the country. Satisfactory operation of the ETPs treating textile wastewater with chlorine at low costs has made this process affordable and attractive to the textile sector. Some of the perceived limitations of chlorination outweighs the greater benefits of textile wastewater treatment with chlorine gas leading to cleaner water bodies which receive these effluents otherwise. Keywords: Textile wastewater, chlorination, ETP, wastewater treatment DOI = 10.3329/cerb.v14i1.3206 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 14 (2010) 59-63","PeriodicalId":9756,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin","volume":"31 1","pages":"59-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83129075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diagnosis of Process Nonlinearities and Valve stiction: Data Driven Approaches By M.A.A. Shoukat Choudhury, Sirish L. Shah, Nina F. Thornhill (Springer-Verlag, ISBN: 978-3-540-79223-9, 2008)","authors":"Kamrul Hasan","doi":"10.3329/CERB.V14I1.5048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/CERB.V14I1.5048","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9756,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin","volume":"31 1","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82177150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Das, Md Alauddin, M. Rahman, K. Nath, Md. Rokonuzzaman Rokonuzzaman
The study aims, to find out an effective preservative to extend the shelf-life of Rasogolla, a highly popular Bengal sweetmeat achieving the highest worth in all social and religious festivals in Bangladesh due to its special appeal of taste, as well as to assess the effect of preservative on its biochemical and microbial status. Rasogolla available in local market survives for too a short span (2-3days) to export in abroad since its processing and preservation still lie at a very infantile stage. In this research, Rasogolla was prepared in laboratory using calcium propionate, sodium metabisulfite, sorbic acid, sodium diacetate, sodium propionate, acetic acid, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, P-4-hydroxybenzoate as preservatives followed by a comparative study on the biochemical and microbial status of both market and laboratory made Rasogolla. Sorbic acid and sodium metabisulfite exerted the highest effectiveness in extending Rasogolla’s shelf-life for 24 and 15 days, respectively, whereas the combination of sorbic acid (0.1%) and sodium metabisulfite (0.1%) was found more effective than their individual uses rendering the longer keeping ability up to 30 days ensuring color, flavor, taste and texture. Compositional analysis showed that total solid, moisture, fat, protein, carbohydrate and ash content of market Rasogolla were 75.87-83.17%, 16.83-24.13%, 2.86-4.31%, 5.2-7.94%, 64.26-73.30% and 0.30-0.61%, respectively, whereas those in laboratory made were 73.70-79.83%, 20.17-26.30%, 3.18-6.09% 6.9-8.59%, 61.18-65.25% and 0.30-0.61%, respectively. Market Rasogolla were found more susceptible for microbial growth and contamination than that prepared in laboratory. Keywords: Rasogolla, Preservative, Sorbic acid, Channa, Na-metabisulfite DOI = 10.3329/cerb.v14i1.3940 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 14 (2010) 19-24
{"title":"Effect of preservatives on extending the shelf-life of Rasogolla","authors":"D. Das, Md Alauddin, M. Rahman, K. Nath, Md. Rokonuzzaman Rokonuzzaman","doi":"10.3329/CERB.V14I1.3940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/CERB.V14I1.3940","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims, to find out an effective preservative to extend the shelf-life of Rasogolla, a highly popular Bengal sweetmeat achieving the highest worth in all social and religious festivals in Bangladesh due to its special appeal of taste, as well as to assess the effect of preservative on its biochemical and microbial status. Rasogolla available in local market survives for too a short span (2-3days) to export in abroad since its processing and preservation still lie at a very infantile stage. In this research, Rasogolla was prepared in laboratory using calcium propionate, sodium metabisulfite, sorbic acid, sodium diacetate, sodium propionate, acetic acid, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, P-4-hydroxybenzoate as preservatives followed by a comparative study on the biochemical and microbial status of both market and laboratory made Rasogolla. Sorbic acid and sodium metabisulfite exerted the highest effectiveness in extending Rasogolla’s shelf-life for 24 and 15 days, respectively, whereas the combination of sorbic acid (0.1%) and sodium metabisulfite (0.1%) was found more effective than their individual uses rendering the longer keeping ability up to 30 days ensuring color, flavor, taste and texture. Compositional analysis showed that total solid, moisture, fat, protein, carbohydrate and ash content of market Rasogolla were 75.87-83.17%, 16.83-24.13%, 2.86-4.31%, 5.2-7.94%, 64.26-73.30% and 0.30-0.61%, respectively, whereas those in laboratory made were 73.70-79.83%, 20.17-26.30%, 3.18-6.09% 6.9-8.59%, 61.18-65.25% and 0.30-0.61%, respectively. Market Rasogolla were found more susceptible for microbial growth and contamination than that prepared in laboratory. Keywords: Rasogolla, Preservative, Sorbic acid, Channa, Na-metabisulfite DOI = 10.3329/cerb.v14i1.3940 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 14 (2010) 19-24","PeriodicalId":9756,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin","volume":"66 1","pages":"19-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73818387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study different brands of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) produced and available in Khyber Pakhtoon Khwa, Pakistan have been studied for different chemical parameters and compared with British standard specifications. The amounts of chemical constituents like SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , CaO, MgO, SO 3 , insoluble residue (IR), free lime and loss on ignition (LOI) were determined in accordance with British Standard (BS) Specifications. All the results are presented to provide both quantitative and qualitative notion of several locally produced ordinary Compositions of most of this constituents as determined experimentally were within the range of the standard values. The possible reasons for variation in chemical compositions and their consequences have been discussed. Keywords: Ordinary Portland cement, Chemical Composition, Quality Verification DOI = 10.3329/cerb.v14i1.4320 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 14 (2010) 45-49
{"title":"Chemical Analysis and Comparison of Ordinary Portland Cement of Khyber Pakhtoon Khwa Pakistan","authors":"N. Amin, Khurshid Ali","doi":"10.3329/CERB.V14I1.4320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/CERB.V14I1.4320","url":null,"abstract":"In this study different brands of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) produced and available in Khyber Pakhtoon Khwa, Pakistan have been studied for different chemical parameters and compared with British standard specifications. The amounts of chemical constituents like SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , CaO, MgO, SO 3 , insoluble residue (IR), free lime and loss on ignition (LOI) were determined in accordance with British Standard (BS) Specifications. All the results are presented to provide both quantitative and qualitative notion of several locally produced ordinary Compositions of most of this constituents as determined experimentally were within the range of the standard values. The possible reasons for variation in chemical compositions and their consequences have been discussed. Keywords: Ordinary Portland cement, Chemical Composition, Quality Verification DOI = 10.3329/cerb.v14i1.4320 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 14 (2010) 45-49","PeriodicalId":9756,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin","volume":"4 1","pages":"45-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87691206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study discusses di erent physical parameters of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) produced and available in Khyber Pakhtoon Khwa, Pakistan, and their comparison with Pakistan standards specification, which includes Blaine, compressive strength at di erent ages, consistency, setting time and Le-chatelier Expansion. All the results are presented to provide both quantitative and qualitative notion of several locally produced ordinary Portland cement of most of this constituents as determined experimentally were within the range of the standard values. The possible reasons for variation in physical parameters and their consequences have been discussed. It has been found that cherat cement is on the top in all the samples studied with reference to their physical parameters. Keywords: Ordinary Portland cement, physical parameters, quality verification DOI = 10.3329/cerb.v14i1.3729 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 14 (2010)7-10
{"title":"Study of the Physical Parameters of Ordinary Portland Cement of Khyber Pakhtoon Khwa Pakistan and their comparison with Pakistan standard Specifications","authors":"N. Amin","doi":"10.3329/CERB.V14I1.3729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/CERB.V14I1.3729","url":null,"abstract":"This study discusses di\u000berent physical parameters of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) produced and available in Khyber Pakhtoon Khwa, Pakistan, and their comparison with Pakistan standards specification, which includes Blaine, compressive strength at di\u000berent ages, consistency, setting time and Le-chatelier Expansion. All the results are presented to provide both quantitative and qualitative notion of several locally produced ordinary Portland cement of most of this constituents as determined experimentally were within the range of the standard values. The possible reasons for variation in physical parameters and their consequences have been discussed. It has been found that cherat cement is on the top in all the samples studied with reference to their physical parameters. Keywords: Ordinary Portland cement, physical parameters, quality verification DOI = 10.3329/cerb.v14i1.3729 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 14 (2010)7-10","PeriodicalId":9756,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin","volume":"7 1","pages":"7-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88938180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of low-cost, locally available, highly efficiencient and eco-friendly adsorbents has been investigated as an ideal alternative to the current expensive methods of removing dyes from wastewater. This study investigates the potential use of activated carbon prepared from the Annona squmosa seed for the removal of methyl red (MR) dye from simulated wastewater. The effects of different system variables, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, pH and contact time were investigated and optimal experimental conditions were ascertained. The results showed that as the amount of the adsorbent increased, the percentage of dye removal increased accordingly. Optimum pH value for dye adsorption was 7.0. Maximum dye was sequestered within 50 min of the start of every experiment. The adsorption of methylene blue followed the pseudo-second –order rate equation and fits the Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushekevich (D-R) and Tempkin equations well. The maximum removal of MR was obtained at pH 7 as 82.81% for adsorbent dose of 0.2 g/ 50 mL and 25 mg L -1 initial dye concentration at room temperature. Furthermore, adsorption kinetics of MR was studied and the rate of adsorption was found to conform to pseudo-second –order kinetics with a good correlation (R 2 > 0.99) with intraparticle diffusion as one of the rate determining steps. Activated carbon developed from the Annona squmosa seed can be an attractive option for dye removal from diluted industrial effluents since test reaction made on simulated dyeing wastewater showed better removal percentage of MR. Keywords: Annona squmosa, Adsorption, Wastewater, Methyl red, Kinetics, Activated carbon DOI = 10.3329/cerb.v14i1.3767 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 14 (2010) 11-18
{"title":"Removal of methyl red from aqueous solution by activated carbon prepared from the Annona squmosa seed by adsorption","authors":"T. Santhi, S. Manonmani, T. Smitha","doi":"10.3329/CERB.V14I1.3767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/CERB.V14I1.3767","url":null,"abstract":"The use of low-cost, locally available, highly efficiencient and eco-friendly adsorbents has been investigated as an ideal alternative to the current expensive methods of removing dyes from wastewater. This study investigates the potential use of activated carbon prepared from the Annona squmosa seed for the removal of methyl red (MR) dye from simulated wastewater. The effects of different system variables, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, pH and contact time were investigated and optimal experimental conditions were ascertained. The results showed that as the amount of the adsorbent increased, the percentage of dye removal increased accordingly. Optimum pH value for dye adsorption was 7.0. Maximum dye was sequestered within 50 min of the start of every experiment. The adsorption of methylene blue followed the pseudo-second –order rate equation and fits the Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushekevich (D-R) and Tempkin equations well. The maximum removal of MR was obtained at pH 7 as 82.81% for adsorbent dose of 0.2 g/ 50 mL and 25 mg L -1 initial dye concentration at room temperature. Furthermore, adsorption kinetics of MR was studied and the rate of adsorption was found to conform to pseudo-second –order kinetics with a good correlation (R 2 > 0.99) with intraparticle diffusion as one of the rate determining steps. Activated carbon developed from the Annona squmosa seed can be an attractive option for dye removal from diluted industrial effluents since test reaction made on simulated dyeing wastewater showed better removal percentage of MR. Keywords: Annona squmosa, Adsorption, Wastewater, Methyl red, Kinetics, Activated carbon DOI = 10.3329/cerb.v14i1.3767 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 14 (2010) 11-18","PeriodicalId":9756,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin","volume":"29 1","pages":"11-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75883040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study presents the e ect of desludging ratio (oil to acid ratio) and adsorption ratio (oil to clay ratio) on the recovery of low pour fuel oil (LPFO) from spent engine oil. Two major unit operations were use to recycle the spent engine oil: the desludging and the adsorption. Concentrated sulfuric acid was used as the reagent to e ect the desludging operation while activated clay was used as the adsorbent in the adsorption operation. The result shows that the efficiency of the recycling operation depends on the reagent ratio used (desludging and adsorption ratios) and increases with the ratios. However, a desludging ratio of 20:1 and an adsorption ratio of 10:1 gave the best recovery of 82.9%. Also the specific gravity, API gravity, pour point, flash point and viscosity index of the recycled oil are lower than the fresh and the spent oil. Keywords: Desludging Ratio, Adsorption Ratio, Low Pour Fuel Oil, Spent Engine Oil, Recovery DOI = 10.3329/cerb.v14i1.4092 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 14 (2010) 25-30
{"title":"The Effect of Desludging and Adsorption Ratios on the Recovery of Low Pour Fuel Oil (LPFO) from Spent Engine Oil","authors":"P. Josiah, S. S. Ikiensikimama","doi":"10.3329/CERB.V14I1.4092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/CERB.V14I1.4092","url":null,"abstract":"The study presents the e\u000bect of desludging ratio (oil to acid ratio) and adsorption ratio (oil to clay ratio) on the recovery of low pour fuel oil (LPFO) from spent engine oil. Two major unit operations were use to recycle the spent engine oil: the desludging and the adsorption. Concentrated sulfuric acid was used as the reagent to e\u000bect the desludging operation while activated clay was used as the adsorbent in the adsorption operation. The result shows that the efficiency of the recycling operation depends on the reagent ratio used (desludging and adsorption ratios) and increases with the ratios. However, a desludging ratio of 20:1 and an adsorption ratio of 10:1 gave the best recovery of 82.9%. Also the specific gravity, API gravity, pour point, flash point and viscosity index of the recycled oil are lower than the fresh and the spent oil. Keywords: Desludging Ratio, Adsorption Ratio, Low Pour Fuel Oil, Spent Engine Oil, Recovery DOI = 10.3329/cerb.v14i1.4092 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 14 (2010) 25-30","PeriodicalId":9756,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin","volume":"25 1","pages":"25-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89727790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An anaerobic fluidized- bed reactor was designed to treat distillery wastewaters for biogas generation using actively digested aerobic sludge of a sewage plant. The optimum digestion time was 8 h and optimum initial pH of feed was observed as 7.5 respectively. The optimum temperature of feed was 40°C and optimum feed flow is 14 L/ min with maximum OLR was 39.513 kg COD m -3 h -1 respectively. The OLR was calculated on the basis of COD inlet in the bioreactor at di erent flow rates. Maximum CH 4 gas concentration was 63.56 % (v/v) of the total (0.835 m 3 /kg COD m -3 h -1 ) biogas generation, corresponding to 0.530 m 3 /kg COD m -3 h -1 at optimum digestion parameters. Maximum COD and BOD reduction of the distillery wastewaters were 76.82% (w/w) and 81.65% (w/w) with maximum OLR of 39.513 kg COD m -3 h -1 at optimum conditions respectively. The rate constant ( k ) was measured as 0.31 h -1 in fluidized-bed bioreactor and followed a first order rate equation. The specific growth rate ( μ ) was 0.99 h -1 and maximum sp. growth rate ( μ max ) was 1.98 h -1 respectively. The bacterial yield coefficient ( Y ) was determined as 0.319 /kg COD m -3 h -1 at optimum parameters. The studies also dealt with the mathematical modeling of the experimental data on biomethanation and suggested modeling equations relating to kinetic parameter (rate constant, k ), maximum specific growth rate ( μ max ) with respect to COD (substrate) removal. The mathematical model was also analyzed for hydrodynamic pressure ( Δp ) vs feed flow ( u ) and hydrodynamic pressure ( Δp ) with respect to CH 4 gas yields. The linear and non-linear equations which fitted the models were obtained. Keywords: Biomethanation, anaerobic, optimum condition, modeling DOI = 10.3329/cerb.v14i1.4224 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 14 (2010) 37-43
设计了厌氧流化床反应器，利用某污水厂活性消化好氧污泥处理蒸馏废水产沼气。最佳消化时间为8 h，饲料初始pH为7.5。最佳进料温度为40℃，最佳进料流量为14 L/ min，最大OLR为39.513 kg COD m -3 h -1。OLR是根据不同流量下生物反应器的COD进水量来计算的。在最佳消化参数下，最大甲烷气体浓度为总沼气(0.835 m 3 /kg COD m -3 h -1)的63.56% (v/v)，对应于0.530 m 3 /kg COD m -3 h -1。在最佳工艺条件下，蒸馏废水COD和BOD的最大降幅分别为76.82% (w/w)和81.65% (w/w)，最大OLR分别为39.513 kg COD m -3 h -1。在流化床生物反应器中测定的速率常数(k)为0.31 h -1，符合一级速率方程。比生长速率(μ)为0.99 h -1，最大sp生长速率(μ max)为1.98 h -1。在最佳工艺条件下，细菌产量系数为0.319 /kg COD m -3 h -1。研究还处理了生物甲烷化实验数据的数学建模，并提出了与动力学参数(速率常数，k)、最大特定生长速率(μ max)有关的COD(底物)去除的建模方程。还分析了动水压力(Δp)与进料流量(u)和动水压力(Δp)对甲烷产气量的数学模型。得到了与模型拟合的线性和非线性方程。关键词:生物甲烷化，厌氧，最佳条件，建模DOI = 10.3329/cerb.v14i1.4224化工研究通报14 (2010)37-43
{"title":"Mathematical Modeling of Distillery Wastewater Biomethanation in Fluidized-bed Bioreactor","authors":"S. M. Hossain, M. Das","doi":"10.3329/CERB.V14I1.4224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/CERB.V14I1.4224","url":null,"abstract":"An anaerobic fluidized- bed reactor was designed to treat distillery wastewaters for biogas generation using actively digested aerobic sludge of a sewage plant. The optimum digestion time was 8 h and optimum initial pH of feed was observed as 7.5 respectively. The optimum temperature of feed was 40°C and optimum feed flow is 14 L/ min with maximum OLR was 39.513 kg COD m -3 h -1 respectively. The OLR was calculated on the basis of COD inlet in the bioreactor at di\u000berent flow rates. Maximum CH 4 gas concentration was 63.56 % (v/v) of the total (0.835 m 3 /kg COD m -3 h -1 ) biogas generation, corresponding to 0.530 m 3 /kg COD m -3 h -1 at optimum digestion parameters. Maximum COD and BOD reduction of the distillery wastewaters were 76.82% (w/w) and 81.65% (w/w) with maximum OLR of 39.513 kg COD m -3 h -1 at optimum conditions respectively. The rate constant ( k ) was measured as 0.31 h -1 in fluidized-bed bioreactor and followed a first order rate equation. The specific growth rate ( μ ) was 0.99 h -1 and maximum sp. growth rate ( μ max ) was 1.98 h -1 respectively. The bacterial yield coefficient ( Y ) was determined as 0.319 /kg COD m -3 h -1 at optimum parameters. The studies also dealt with the mathematical modeling of the experimental data on biomethanation and suggested modeling equations relating to kinetic parameter (rate constant, k ), maximum specific growth rate ( μ max ) with respect to COD (substrate) removal. The mathematical model was also analyzed for hydrodynamic pressure ( Δp ) vs feed flow ( u ) and hydrodynamic pressure ( Δp ) with respect to CH 4 gas yields. The linear and non-linear equations which fitted the models were obtained. Keywords: Biomethanation, anaerobic, optimum condition, modeling DOI = 10.3329/cerb.v14i1.4224 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 14 (2010) 37-43","PeriodicalId":9756,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin","volume":"16 1","pages":"37-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73011247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optimization of process variables in the bioconversion of pretreated sugarcane bagasse using cellulase and Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) was investigated in the present study. A 2 3 five level Central Composite Design (CCD) experiments with central and axial points were used to develop a statistical model for the optimization of process variables such as incubation temperature , pH and fermentation time. Data obtained from Response Surface Methodology (RSM) on ethanol production were subjected to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analyzed using a second order polynomial equation and the contour plots were used to study the interactions among three relevant variables of the fermentation process. The fermentation experiments were carried out using an online monitored modular fermenter 2L capacity. The processing parameters setup for reaching a maximum response for ethanol production was obtained when applying the optimum values for temperature (35°C), pH (5.5) and fermentation time (114 h). Maximum ethanol concentration (4.80 g/l) was obtained from 50 g/l pretreated sugarcane bagasse at the optimized process conditions in aerobic batch fermentation. Various kinetic models such as Monod, Modified Logistic model, Modified Logistic incorporated Leudeking – Piret model and Modified Logistic incorporated Modified Leudeking – Piret model have been evaluated and the constants were predicted. Keywords: Optimization, response surface methodology (RSM), simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), ethanol, Saccharomyces cerevisiae DOI = 10.3329/cerb.v14i1.4156 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 14 (2010) 29-35
{"title":"Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) of pretreated sugarcane bagasse using cellulase and Saccharomyces cerevisiae - Kinetics and modeling","authors":"S. Elumalai, V. Thangavelu","doi":"10.3329/CERB.V14I1.4156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/CERB.V14I1.4156","url":null,"abstract":"Optimization of process variables in the bioconversion of pretreated sugarcane bagasse using cellulase and Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) was investigated in the present study. A 2 3 five level Central Composite Design (CCD) experiments with central and axial points were used to develop a statistical model for the optimization of process variables such as incubation temperature , pH and fermentation time. Data obtained from Response Surface Methodology (RSM) on ethanol production were subjected to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analyzed using a second order polynomial equation and the contour plots were used to study the interactions among three relevant variables of the fermentation process. The fermentation experiments were carried out using an online monitored modular fermenter 2L capacity. The processing parameters setup for reaching a maximum response for ethanol production was obtained when applying the optimum values for temperature (35°C), pH (5.5) and fermentation time (114 h). Maximum ethanol concentration (4.80 g/l) was obtained from 50 g/l pretreated sugarcane bagasse at the optimized process conditions in aerobic batch fermentation. Various kinetic models such as Monod, Modified Logistic model, Modified Logistic incorporated Leudeking – Piret model and Modified Logistic incorporated Modified Leudeking – Piret model have been evaluated and the constants were predicted. Keywords: Optimization, response surface methodology (RSM), simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), ethanol, Saccharomyces cerevisiae DOI = 10.3329/cerb.v14i1.4156 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 14 (2010) 29-35","PeriodicalId":9756,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin","volume":"2005 21","pages":"29-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91429501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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