Natthawat Sritongon, S. Boonlue, W. Mongkolthanaruk, S. Jogloy, N. Riddech
The application of organic amendments can improve soil quality and influence bacterial communities, contributing to enhanced soil health in agricultural systems. This study investigated the effect of using rain tree leaf, corn husk, and peat moss as soil amendments, supplemented with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on communities of bacteria in the tissue and rhizosphere of Jerusalem artichoke. The plants were observed for 120 days after transplanting. Polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) technique was used to investigate the impact of both organic amendments and bacterial consortium with comparative profiles. Comparison DGGE profile by clustering analysis did not clearly separate each organic amendment and bacterial inoculation, but principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that plant age had an influence on tissue and rhizosphere bacterial communities. The results indicated that soil amendments and bacterial inoculation had no effect on bacterial community shifts. Interestingly, the genera of bacteria able to most colonize in the tissue and rhizosphere were the uncultured bacteria. Thus, we provide promising data for boosting Jerusalem artichoke growth and soil quality with potential organic amendments to improve soil with sustainable strategies.
{"title":"Impact of Rhizobacterial Inoculants and Organic Amendment on Bacterial Communities of Jerusalem artichoke Tissue and Rhizosphere by using Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis","authors":"Natthawat Sritongon, S. Boonlue, W. Mongkolthanaruk, S. Jogloy, N. Riddech","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2023.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.051","url":null,"abstract":"The application of organic amendments can improve soil quality and influence bacterial communities, contributing to enhanced soil health in agricultural systems. This study investigated the effect of using rain tree leaf, corn husk, and peat moss as soil amendments, supplemented with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on communities of bacteria in the tissue and rhizosphere of Jerusalem artichoke. The plants were observed for 120 days after transplanting. Polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) technique was used to investigate the impact of both organic amendments and bacterial consortium with comparative profiles. Comparison DGGE profile by clustering analysis did not clearly separate each organic amendment and bacterial inoculation, but principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that plant age had an influence on tissue and rhizosphere bacterial communities. The results indicated that soil amendments and bacterial inoculation had no effect on bacterial community shifts. Interestingly, the genera of bacteria able to most colonize in the tissue and rhizosphere were the uncultured bacteria. Thus, we provide promising data for boosting Jerusalem artichoke growth and soil quality with potential organic amendments to improve soil with sustainable strategies.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73462020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Banana Fusarium wilt is a devastating banana disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), seriously threatening the global banana industry. However, knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of pathogenicity and the interaction between the host and Foc is limited. In this study, we confi rmed the changes in gene expression and pathways in the Cavendish banana variety “Brazilian” during early infection with Foc1 and Foc4 by comparative transcriptomic analysis, including pathogenesisrelated protein genes, leucine-rich repeat type genes, and plant hormone genes. In the early stages of Foc inoculation, more differentially expressed genes were identifi ed in roots infected with Foc1 than in those infected with Foc4. According to Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses, bananas with Foc1 infection caused differential accumulation and expression of various defence-related compounds and genes at the early stage of infection. In contrast, changes in the expression of defence-related genes in the early stages of Foc4 infection were small or weak and were not apparent until 24 h post-infection. Therefore, plant immune responses may occur at this stage of infection. This study could help clarify the interaction between banana plants and Foc and develop control measures for banana Fusarium wilt.
香蕉枯萎病是由香蕉尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, Foc)引起的一种破坏性香蕉病害，严重威胁着全球香蕉产业。然而，对致病性的分子机制和宿主与Foc之间的相互作用的了解有限。在这项研究中，我们通过比较转录组学分析，证实了卡文迪什香蕉品种“巴西”在感染Foc1和Foc4的早期基因表达和通路的变化，包括致病相关蛋白基因、富含亮氨酸的重复型基因和植物激素基因。在接种Foc的早期阶段，感染Foc1的根中发现的差异表达基因多于感染Foc4的根。根据基因本体和京都基因与基因组百科全书分析，感染Foc1的香蕉在感染早期引起了各种防御相关化合物和基因的差异积累和表达。相比之下，防御相关基因在Foc4感染早期的表达变化较小或较弱，直到感染后24 h才明显。因此，植物免疫反应可能发生在感染的这个阶段。本研究有助于阐明香蕉植株与Foc的相互作用，制定香蕉枯萎病的防治措施。
{"title":"Transcriptome Analysis of Early Pathogenetic Responsive Genes in Cavendish Bananas During Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubense Race 1 and Race 4 Infection","authors":"Xiao-yi Li, Mei Luo, Han-da Song, ZHANG-YONG Dong","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2023.052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.052","url":null,"abstract":"Banana Fusarium wilt is a devastating banana disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), seriously threatening the global banana industry. However, knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of pathogenicity and the interaction between the host and Foc is limited. In this study, we confi rmed the changes in gene expression and pathways in the Cavendish banana variety “Brazilian” during early infection with Foc1 and Foc4 by comparative transcriptomic analysis, including pathogenesisrelated protein genes, leucine-rich repeat type genes, and plant hormone genes. In the early stages of Foc inoculation, more differentially expressed genes were identifi ed in roots infected with Foc1 than in those infected with Foc4. According to Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses, bananas with Foc1 infection caused differential accumulation and expression of various defence-related compounds and genes at the early stage of infection. In contrast, changes in the expression of defence-related genes in the early stages of Foc4 infection were small or weak and were not apparent until 24 h post-infection. Therefore, plant immune responses may occur at this stage of infection. This study could help clarify the interaction between banana plants and Foc and develop control measures for banana Fusarium wilt.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82825185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arporn Panase, M. Thirabunyanon, J. Promya, Dušan Palić, C. Chitmanat
T he primary objective of this study was to examine the impact of combining fructooligosaccharide (FOS) and Bacillus subtilis as the synbiotic effect on the growth, innate immunity functions, and protection against Streptococcus agalactiae in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). During the 56-day feeding trial, tilapia with an average weight of 24.5 ± 1.6 g were fed four different types of diets, including a control diet (G1) and three other diets (G2, G3, G4) supplemented with varying levels of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and Bacillus subtilis at doses of 1 g FOS /kg feed + 1x109 CFU B. subtilis /g feed (G2), 3 g FOS /kg feed + 3x109 CFU B. subtilis /g feed (G3), and 5 g FOS /kg feed + 5x109 CFU B. subtilis /g feed (G4), respectively. Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was utilized to quantify the expression levels of immune-related genes in the liver tissue of tilapia at the end of the feeding trial. The immune-related genes evaluated comprised complement C3, IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and hsp70. Following the experimental feeding, tilapia were intraperitoneally injected with S. agalactiae. The results showed that the synbiotic feeding did not significantly impact the growth performances or survival of the fish (p > 0.05). However, tilapia fed with G3 and G4 diets exhibited significantly higher lysozyme and respiratory burst activities (p < 0.05). Tilapia fed with synbiotic additives showed significant modulation of immune-related genes and slightly higher survival rates after the challenge with S. agalactiae compared to the control group. These findings suggest that synbiotic supplementation may enhance the innate immune responses of tilapia against S. agalactiae infection.
{"title":"Synergistic Effects of Fructooligosaccharide and Bacillus subtilis Dietary Supplementation on Growth, Innate Immune Responses, and Protection against Streptococcus agalactiae in Juvenile Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","authors":"Arporn Panase, M. Thirabunyanon, J. Promya, Dušan Palić, C. Chitmanat","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2023.050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.050","url":null,"abstract":"T he primary objective of this study was to examine the impact of combining fructooligosaccharide (FOS) and Bacillus subtilis as the synbiotic effect on the growth, innate immunity functions, and protection against Streptococcus agalactiae in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). During the 56-day feeding trial, tilapia with an average weight of 24.5 ± 1.6 g were fed four different types of diets, including a control diet (G1) and three other diets (G2, G3, G4) supplemented with varying levels of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and Bacillus subtilis at doses of 1 g FOS /kg feed + 1x109 CFU B. subtilis /g feed (G2), 3 g FOS /kg feed + 3x109 CFU B. subtilis /g feed (G3), and 5 g FOS /kg feed + 5x109 CFU B. subtilis /g feed (G4), respectively. Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was utilized to quantify the expression levels of immune-related genes in the liver tissue of tilapia at the end of the feeding trial. The immune-related genes evaluated comprised complement C3, IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and hsp70. Following the experimental feeding, tilapia were intraperitoneally injected with S. agalactiae. The results showed that the synbiotic feeding did not significantly impact the growth performances or survival of the fish (p > 0.05). However, tilapia fed with G3 and G4 diets exhibited significantly higher lysozyme and respiratory burst activities (p < 0.05). Tilapia fed with synbiotic additives showed significant modulation of immune-related genes and slightly higher survival rates after the challenge with S. agalactiae compared to the control group. These findings suggest that synbiotic supplementation may enhance the innate immune responses of tilapia against S. agalactiae infection.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84299768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pongsakorn Truttim, S. Asavapisit, Rungroj Piyaphanuwat
The synthesis of zeolite X from bituminous fl y ash (BFA) from the BLCP power plant in Rayong province of Thailand was examined. The initial Si/Al molar ratio of BFA was approximately 2, as determined via X-ray fl uorescence. A stock solution for the hydrothermal synthesis of zeolite X was prepared by extracting the Si and Al species from BFA using 3 M NaOH. The Si/Al molar ratio of the stock solution was 18.44. The Si/Al ratio, temperature, ageing time, and concentrations of NaOH and KOH were investigated during the synthesis of zeolite X. QXRD, SEM, and BET were used for the characterization of zeolite X. For the optimal sample conditions, the Si/Al molar ratio of the stock solution was adjusted to 3 using Na2AlO3 dissolved in a KOH solution, followed by ageing at room temperature for 24 h and after ageing, the hydrothermal synthesis was performed at 75 °C for 24 h; the sample prepared under these conditions contained the highest amount of crystalline zeolite X (98.7%), with a surface area of 527.59 m2/g.
研究了以泰国罗勇省BLCP电厂沥青粉煤灰为原料合成X型沸石的工艺。通过x射线荧光测定，BFA的初始Si/Al摩尔比约为2。用3 M NaOH萃取BFA中的Si和Al，制备了水热合成X沸石的原液。原液的Si/Al摩尔比为18.44。硅/铝比、温度、老化时间、氢氧化钠浓度和KOH调查在沸石的合成x QXRD, SEM、x和打赌是用于表征沸石为最优样本条件下,硅/铝摩尔比股票的解决方案是调整到3使用Na2AlO3溶解在KOH溶液中,紧随其后的是老化后在室温下24 h和老化,75°C的水热合成进行24小时;在此条件下制备的样品中X沸石晶体含量最高(98.7%)，比表面积为527.59 m2/g。
{"title":"Hydrothermal Synthesis of Zeolite X from Bituminous Fly Ash and Its Characterization","authors":"Pongsakorn Truttim, S. Asavapisit, Rungroj Piyaphanuwat","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2023.049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.049","url":null,"abstract":"The synthesis of zeolite X from bituminous fl y ash (BFA) from the BLCP power plant in Rayong province of Thailand was examined. The initial Si/Al molar ratio of BFA was approximately 2, as determined via X-ray fl uorescence. A stock solution for the hydrothermal synthesis of zeolite X was prepared by extracting the Si and Al species from BFA using 3 M NaOH. The Si/Al molar ratio of the stock solution was 18.44. The Si/Al ratio, temperature, ageing time, and concentrations of NaOH and KOH were investigated during the synthesis of zeolite X. QXRD, SEM, and BET were used for the characterization of zeolite X. For the optimal sample conditions, the Si/Al molar ratio of the stock solution was adjusted to 3 using Na2AlO3 dissolved in a KOH solution, followed by ageing at room temperature for 24 h and after ageing, the hydrothermal synthesis was performed at 75 °C for 24 h; the sample prepared under these conditions contained the highest amount of crystalline zeolite X (98.7%), with a surface area of 527.59 m2/g.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86323223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Avasthi, A. Gautam, R. K. Verma, K. Rajeshkumar, Ashwani Kumar
Fig rust is one of the serious fungal diseases caused by Cerotelium fi ci which causes great loss to the overall growth and yield of the plant. This disease is generally characterized by pale reddish-brown to reddish-brown angular leaf spots, typically found on the adaxial surfaces of the leaves, whereas the corresponding abaxial surface of the same leaves was covered with a lot of orange rust pustules. With the progression of this rust disease, angular spots fused to form necrotic patches whereas, leaf edges curled upward. Premature abscission of leaves takes place, leaving bare branches and unripe fruits. This disease showed its global distribution in tropical and subtropical areas, however, the highest distribution was found in the African continent (18 countries) followed by Asia (14 countries), North & South America (10 countries each), Europe (8 countries) and 7 countries in the Oceanian continent. Apart from the rust pathogen Cerotelium fi ci, the Phakospora nishidana was also reported to cause fi g rust which has created confusion on the identity of C. fi ci as a fi g rust pathogen. This suggests a need to re-examine all specimens of fi g rust at the global scale, based on morphological and modern DNAbased methods so that the taxonomic ambiguities on fi g rust pathogens can be resolved and suitable control methods can be implemented to avoid serious crop and yield loss.
{"title":"Fig Rust Caused by Cerotelium fi ci: Past, Present and Future","authors":"S. Avasthi, A. Gautam, R. K. Verma, K. Rajeshkumar, Ashwani Kumar","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2023.042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.042","url":null,"abstract":"Fig rust is one of the serious fungal diseases caused by Cerotelium fi ci which causes great loss to the overall growth and yield of the plant. This disease is generally characterized by pale reddish-brown to reddish-brown angular leaf spots, typically found on the adaxial surfaces of the leaves, whereas the corresponding abaxial surface of the same leaves was covered with a lot of orange rust pustules. With the progression of this rust disease, angular spots fused to form necrotic patches whereas, leaf edges curled upward. Premature abscission of leaves takes place, leaving bare branches and unripe fruits. This disease showed its global distribution in tropical and subtropical areas, however, the highest distribution was found in the African continent (18 countries) followed by Asia (14 countries), North & South America (10 countries each), Europe (8 countries) and 7 countries in the Oceanian continent. Apart from the rust pathogen Cerotelium fi ci, the Phakospora nishidana was also reported to cause fi g rust which has created confusion on the identity of C. fi ci as a fi g rust pathogen. This suggests a need to re-examine all specimens of fi g rust at the global scale, based on morphological and modern DNAbased methods so that the taxonomic ambiguities on fi g rust pathogens can be resolved and suitable control methods can be implemented to avoid serious crop and yield loss.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90899258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Muangjunburee, Nutchanon Poolsiri, Sasirat Chaideesungnoen, Ammarat Naultem, Hein Zaw Oo, M. Kongpuang
The current research studied two samples of rail steel grade 900A deposited with different electrodes, namely, electrodes A and B, using the Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) process. This research fi nds out the suitable hardness values of the various electrodes. The phase identifi cation and microstructural analysis of weld metal were conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and an optical microscope, respectively. The micro-hardness profi les along the cross-section of the weldment were acquired using a micro-Vickers hardness tester, and a Brinell hardness tester measured the hardness values on the top surface of the weld metal. According to the results, the diffraction angles of the XRD patterns for all weld metal samples differed due to their distinct microstructures. The microstructure of the weld metal, in particular, produced the primary infl uence on the hardness
{"title":"XRD Observation on the Weld Metal of Resurfaced Rail Steel","authors":"P. Muangjunburee, Nutchanon Poolsiri, Sasirat Chaideesungnoen, Ammarat Naultem, Hein Zaw Oo, M. Kongpuang","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2023.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.036","url":null,"abstract":"The current research studied two samples of rail steel grade 900A deposited with different electrodes, namely, electrodes A and B, using the Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) process. This research fi nds out the suitable hardness values of the various electrodes. The phase identifi cation and microstructural analysis of weld metal were conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and an optical microscope, respectively. The micro-hardness profi les along the cross-section of the weldment were acquired using a micro-Vickers hardness tester, and a Brinell hardness tester measured the hardness values on the top surface of the weld metal. According to the results, the diffraction angles of the XRD patterns for all weld metal samples differed due to their distinct microstructures. The microstructure of the weld metal, in particular, produced the primary infl uence on the hardness","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81454751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polygonum Odoratum Lour (P. odoratum) is one of the economic indigenous plants, produced annually in huge amounts. Thus, seeking alternate applications for P. odoratum, such as use as a natural dye source, is one of the strategies for reducing market oversupply. The objectives of this research were to study the optimum conditions for natural dye extraction from P. odoratum and to investigate the effect of different metal salt mordants and adding sequence mordant methods in the dyeing silk process. The mordants used were KAl(SO4), CuSO4, and FeSO4 and the adding sequence mordants were pre-, meta-, and post-mordant techniques. When the extracted dyes and measured by UV-Vis spectroscopy, the results showed that the major extracted compounds were rutin, isoquercetin, and quercetin in ethanol solvent. The most suitable dye extraction condition was 15.0 g of P. odoratum powder refl uxed in a solvent of 95% ethanol at 80 °C for 60 min providing the strongest UV-Vis absorption intensity. In terms of the dyeing process, the effect of adding sequence mordant strategies was a stronger infl uence on color strength and fastness washing property than that of the different mordants used. The meta-mordanting technique was the most promising strategy because it gave stronger color strength, shortest drying time, and good fastness properties to the other methods. Overall, this result confi rmed that the extracted dyes from P. odoratum as alternative dyeing for Thai silk were a foreshadowing strategy with the meta-mordanting technique.
{"title":"Extraction of Natural Dyes from Polygonum Odoratum Lour as an Alternative Dyeing for Thai Silk Using Diff erent Metal Salt Mordants","authors":"Aritart Sanai, Wiphawan Khottada, Kanokkorn Sirithip, Kesorn Merat","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2023.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.038","url":null,"abstract":"Polygonum Odoratum Lour (P. odoratum) is one of the economic indigenous plants, produced annually in huge amounts. Thus, seeking alternate applications for P. odoratum, such as use as a natural dye source, is one of the strategies for reducing market oversupply. The objectives of this research were to study the optimum conditions for natural dye extraction from P. odoratum and to investigate the effect of different metal salt mordants and adding sequence mordant methods in the dyeing silk process. The mordants used were KAl(SO4), CuSO4, and FeSO4 and the adding sequence mordants were pre-, meta-, and post-mordant techniques. When the extracted dyes and measured by UV-Vis spectroscopy, the results showed that the major extracted compounds were rutin, isoquercetin, and quercetin in ethanol solvent. The most suitable dye extraction condition was 15.0 g of P. odoratum powder refl uxed in a solvent of 95% ethanol at 80 °C for 60 min providing the strongest UV-Vis absorption intensity. In terms of the dyeing process, the effect of adding sequence mordant strategies was a stronger infl uence on color strength and fastness washing property than that of the different mordants used. The meta-mordanting technique was the most promising strategy because it gave stronger color strength, shortest drying time, and good fastness properties to the other methods. Overall, this result confi rmed that the extracted dyes from P. odoratum as alternative dyeing for Thai silk were a foreshadowing strategy with the meta-mordanting technique.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77949404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ketwalee Siwapithakpong, W. Chueakhunthod, A. Khairum, A. Tharapreuksapong, Theerawat Chantakot, Tanandorn Woramit, P. Tantasawat
Gene pyramiding is an effective strategy to provide a durable and high level of powdery mildew (PM) resistance in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek]. The objectives of this study were to evaluate PM resistance levels of pyramided BC2F1 progenies derived from marker-assisted selection of KING (recurrent parent) × SUPER5 (donor parent) cross and measure their agronomic performance under fi eld condition. The results showed that the progenies with marker combinations linked to both PM resistance genes including I85420 + I42PL222, and I27R565 were more resistant to PM (average disease severity score of 3.80) than KING, check cv. CN72, and the progenies without any marker combinations (scores of 8, 8 and 6.75, respectively). While the progenies carrying only one resistance gene were identifi ed as containing either I85420 + I42PL222, or I27R565 which showed intermediate response score of 5.83. In addition, most of the pyramided lines produced higher yield per plant than KING because of their superior pods per plant, clusters per plant, and seeds per pod. In the future, these pyramided lines with two PM resistance genes can be further developed into new PM resistant varieties via marker-assisted backcross breeding or be used as potential PM resistant sources in mungbean breeding programs.
{"title":"Evaluation of Powdery Mildew Resistance and Agronomic Performance of Pyramided Mungbean Lines from Marker- Assisted Selection","authors":"Ketwalee Siwapithakpong, W. Chueakhunthod, A. Khairum, A. Tharapreuksapong, Theerawat Chantakot, Tanandorn Woramit, P. Tantasawat","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2023.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.037","url":null,"abstract":"Gene pyramiding is an effective strategy to provide a durable and high level of powdery mildew (PM) resistance in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek]. The objectives of this study were to evaluate PM resistance levels of pyramided BC2F1 progenies derived from marker-assisted selection of KING (recurrent parent) × SUPER5 (donor parent) cross and measure their agronomic performance under fi eld condition. The results showed that the progenies with marker combinations linked to both PM resistance genes including I85420 + I42PL222, and I27R565 were more resistant to PM (average disease severity score of 3.80) than KING, check cv. CN72, and the progenies without any marker combinations (scores of 8, 8 and 6.75, respectively). While the progenies carrying only one resistance gene were identifi ed as containing either I85420 + I42PL222, or I27R565 which showed intermediate response score of 5.83. In addition, most of the pyramided lines produced higher yield per plant than KING because of their superior pods per plant, clusters per plant, and seeds per pod. In the future, these pyramided lines with two PM resistance genes can be further developed into new PM resistant varieties via marker-assisted backcross breeding or be used as potential PM resistant sources in mungbean breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86923921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
La-or Somsakeesit, Watcharin Chumjan, S. Suwannapan, Acharaporn Ratanamanee
This research studied crude extracts of Cissampelos pareira leaves using fi ve solvents as hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and ethanol for nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity and maximize pectin yields from facile green extraction. Five crude hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and ethanol extracts were obtained from the leaves of C. pareira at 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.3%, 3%, and 1%, respectively. The hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate extracts showed the most potent decrease in NO production with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 49.85±5.07, 56.26±1.49, and 64.55±2.37 (μg/mL), respectively. Concentrations of all crude extracts of C. pareira indicated no cellular toxicity. Pectin was aqueously extracted at 40 to 90 °C for 15 to 120 min and yields and quality were examined. Highest pectin yield (36.12%) was obtained after 60 min at 60 °C, with quality meeting the criteria established by the International Pectin Producers Association (IPPA) and categorized as high methoxyl pectin.
{"title":"Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Activity of Crude Extracts and Extraction Time and Temperature Optimization of Pectin from Cissampelos pareira Leaves","authors":"La-or Somsakeesit, Watcharin Chumjan, S. Suwannapan, Acharaporn Ratanamanee","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2023.043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.043","url":null,"abstract":"This research studied crude extracts of Cissampelos pareira leaves using fi ve solvents as hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and ethanol for nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity and maximize pectin yields from facile green extraction. Five crude hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and ethanol extracts were obtained from the leaves of C. pareira at 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.3%, 3%, and 1%, respectively. The hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate extracts showed the most potent decrease in NO production with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 49.85±5.07, 56.26±1.49, and 64.55±2.37 (μg/mL), respectively. Concentrations of all crude extracts of C. pareira indicated no cellular toxicity. Pectin was aqueously extracted at 40 to 90 °C for 15 to 120 min and yields and quality were examined. Highest pectin yield (36.12%) was obtained after 60 min at 60 °C, with quality meeting the criteria established by the International Pectin Producers Association (IPPA) and categorized as high methoxyl pectin.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88972281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Dayarathne, Kasun M. Thambugala, D. Daranagama, A. Mridha, A. Dissanayake, L. Dissanayake, S. Maharachchikumbura, Rmcs Rathnayake, S. Lumyong, S. Hongsanan
Fungal plant diseases are responsible for major crop and postharvest losses worldwide, with a signifi cant socio-economic impact on many individuals who depend on an agriculture-based economy. This review discusses the major constraints in identifying plant pathogenic fungi (severely destructive on important crops) in sample collection, fi eld, and morphological observations, fungal isolation, obtaining pure cultures, applying Koch’s postulates, DNA barcoding, phylogenetic analyses, and naming fungi (under “One fungus, One name” concept) based on selected case studies. Additionally, available strategies/methods to overcome those limitations up to date are also discussed. Ultimately, we proposed suggestions to minimize those limitations.
{"title":"Global Challenges in Identifying Plant Pathogenic Fungi: An Overview with Suggestions for the Way Forward","authors":"M. Dayarathne, Kasun M. Thambugala, D. Daranagama, A. Mridha, A. Dissanayake, L. Dissanayake, S. Maharachchikumbura, Rmcs Rathnayake, S. Lumyong, S. Hongsanan","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2023.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.039","url":null,"abstract":"Fungal plant diseases are responsible for major crop and postharvest losses worldwide, with a signifi cant socio-economic impact on many individuals who depend on an agriculture-based economy. This review discusses the major constraints in identifying plant pathogenic fungi (severely destructive on important crops) in sample collection, fi eld, and morphological observations, fungal isolation, obtaining pure cultures, applying Koch’s postulates, DNA barcoding, phylogenetic analyses, and naming fungi (under “One fungus, One name” concept) based on selected case studies. Additionally, available strategies/methods to overcome those limitations up to date are also discussed. Ultimately, we proposed suggestions to minimize those limitations.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87886309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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