Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus最新文献

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the association between hemoglobin-to-red blood cell distribution width ratio (HRR) and cognitive function.

Methods

Data, including cognition assessment, general characteristics, lifestyle attributes, disease-related factors, and blood indicators, were extracted from older people from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014 database. Statistical analysis included the Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, spearman correlation, and multiple linear regression.

Results

A total of 2452 participants were included, with 631(25.7 %) identified as having low-level cognition. HRR was significantly lower in the lower cognition group (P < 0.001) and positively associated with cognition score (P < 0.001). Multiple linear logistic regression analysis indicated that HRR remained associated with cognition even after adjusting for general characteristics, lifestyle attributes, disease-related factors, and blood indicators (P = 0.046).

Conclusion

Lower HRR is an independent risk factor for low cognitive performance in older adults. However, further investigation is needed to elucidate the precise mechanism underlying the impact of HRR on cognitive function.

This paper explores the synergy between humans and generative AI in the context of diabetes and biochemical analysis for endocrinologists. It underscores the necessity for human intervention to supplement the information that the AI has not yet learned, using search engines as a tool. The paper is crafted to be user-friendly, catering to both novices and those without a programming background. It covers human-centric for code verification, while the generative AI is tasked with creating Python code for data visualization automatically. The paper introduces a succinct set of guidelines for interacting with these AI tools, with the aim of minimizing unnecessary interactions. It guides readers on how to harness the power of the latest generative AI to assist and expedite research, using various search operators or options. While acknowledging the limitations of these generative AI tools, the paper emphasizes their potential in streamlining scientific research by reducing time and cost. It provides tangible examples, such as the visualization of graphs for the HbA1c dataset. In conclusion, despite their limitations, the paper champions the use of generative AI tools to propel advancements in science and technology. It highlights their significant potential in reducing time and cost, thereby catalyzing the pace of research.

Volunteering in the advancing years has received abundant attention amongst the ageing population. A mini review of past studies on the key concepts of volunteerism with regard to the research area on the well-being of OAs and the types of evidence available is conducted. Developing and implementing the search strategy for this review occurred in two stages: the search was conducted at the university's digital library and using manual search. A total of 17 articles were included in the final literature review. The current study reviews the effect of volunteering on various health outcomes such as emotional health, physical health, levels of happiness and life satisfaction, purpose in life, and greater feelings of personal control.

Aim

This study investigated the association between participation in social activities and incident dementia among physically and socially independent older adults with or without diseases (hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus) in a Japanese age-specific cohort (the NISSIN Project).

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study of 1,856 Japanese individuals (953 men and 903 women) aged 64/65 years. Information on medical status, demographics, and lifestyle characteristics was collected using a baseline questionnaire and health checkup (2000–2005). Incident dementia were confirmed among these received long-term care certifications using the nationally standardized dementia scale proposed by the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare. A competing risk model was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for dementia incidence. We treated the censored cases of death as competing events.

Results

During a median of 16.0 years of follow-up, incident dementia occurred in 332 participants. The presence of diseases and nonparticipation in social activities were associated with a significantly higher risk of incident dementia (HR 1.65; 95 % CI 1.21–2.26) after adjusting for potential confounders compared with participants without diseases and those who participated in social activities.

Conclusions

In this age-specific cohort study, participants with diseases and those who did not participate in social activities were more likely to have incident dementia than those without diseases and those who participated in social activities. For older people with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus, engaging in social activities could be a beneficial strategy for reducing the risk of developing dementia.

Objective

Falls are a major challenge to public health, particularly among older adults. Understanding factors that influence fall risk is pivotal in the prevention of falls and fall-related injuries. This study evaluated the timing of emergency medical service (EMS) activations for falls and transport patterns for adults age ≥65.

Methods

A patient care report system at a single fire-based emergency medical service agency in a suburban, Midwest city was retrospectively reviewed. Type of call (lift assist/fall), time of injury (time, day, and month), and demographics (sex, age) were collected for residents age ≥65 who activated 9–1–1 for a lift assist or fall.

Results

1169 calls met inclusion criteria. Mornings and afternoons were the time of day associated with falls (33 % and 36 % of EMS activations, respectively, vs. 21 % and 10 % for evenings and nights, respectively; p = 0.002) while day of the week and month were not associated with falls or lift assists. More males requested lift assists than females (256 vs. 238) and more females called for falls than males (408 vs. 267; p < 0.001). Falls were more likely to be associated with transport to the hospital than lift assists (78% vs. 7 %). Female sex was associated with increased risk for transport to the hospital (60 % of females vs. 40 % of males; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Mornings and afternoons were associated with increased risk for falls and sex (female) with increased risk for transport to the hospital.

Background

In this study, we aimed to establish the external validity of the cutoff values for frailty identification using both the 15-item and 12-item Questionnaire for Medical Checkups of the Old-Old (QMCOO-15 and QMCOO-12) and the frailty screening index (FSI).

Method

This cross-sectional study was conducted in Takasaki, Gunma Prefecture, Japan. Data from 114 participants aged ≥65 years were analyzed. The frailty assessment was based on the Revised Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study (J-CHS) criteria. The QMCOO-15, QMCOO-12, and FSI were also examined. The cutoff value for frailty discrimination using these three scales was set at 3/4. The frailty discrimination performance of the three scales was validated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, sensitivity, and specificity.

Results

The average age of the participants was 76.4 years, and there were 79 female participants (69.3 %). According to the J-CHS criteria, nine participants (7.9 %) were identified as frail. The areas under the ROC curves were 0.878 for QMCOO-15, 0.853 for QMCOO-12, and 0.912 for FSI. The QMCOO-15 exhibited the highest sensitivity (0.778), whereas the FSI exhibited the highest specificity (0.943). The FSI also achieved the highest accuracy of 0.912.

Conclusions

This study revealed the external validity of frailty discrimination using the QMCOO-15, QMCOO-12, and FSI based on the J-CHS frailty assessment criteria. ROC analysis showed that all three tools exhibited good frailty discrimination performance. Hence, we demonstrated the validity of frailty assessments using questionnaires that did not involve physical measurements.

This cross-sectional study aims to examine the depressive symptoms and stress among older adults. A convenience sample (n = 547) of older adults aged 60+ years was recruited from various regions in Libya. The WHO-5 and PSS-10 were used to assess depression and stress levels. The level of depressive symptoms and stress were 68 % and 71.5 %, respectively, with males reported more depression and stress than females (p ˂ 0.05). A combination of stress and family status significantly associated with levels of depression among the participants. This study provides important insights into the psychological health status of older adults in Libya. The high levels of depression and stress, as well as the identified correlates, shed light on the factors influencing mental well-being in this vulnerable population. These findings can serve as a foundation for the development of targeted interventions aimed at promoting the mental health of older adults in Libya.

Background

COVID-19 created extreme havoc among the elderly and the oldest-old bore the maximum brunt during triaging. With COVID cases again on the raise, this retrospective analysis gives an insight of the clinical spectrum and mortality in COVID-19 infected elderly patients admitted to a tertiary care teaching hospital in southern India during the first and the second waves of COVID.

Methods

The electronic database search for the patients’ records was performed using hospital HIS platform. The variables included patients’ demography, presenting complaints, comorbidities, d-dimer value, treatment received and the length of stay till discharge or death. The data was presented as n (%) and the odds ratio at a 95 % confidence interval was used to identify the predictors.

Results

A total of 1378 COVID-positive elderly patient records were analysed. Elderly aged 60–74 years were considered as young-old, 75–84 years middle old and above 85 years as oldest old. 75.3 % elderly had comorbidities [p < 0.001]. There were 225(16 %) mortalities 31.9 % in oldest-old. Increasing age (OR 1.027, p = 0.022*) male gender (OR 1.598, p = 0.016*), low SpO2 on admission (OR 0.922, p < 0.001*), and duration of hospital stay (OR 0.907, p < 0.001*) were significant predictors of the event.

Conclusion

Maximum mortality was seen in the oldest old who had fewer days of hospitalization and d-dimer had no prognostication in the oldest old.

This study aims to establish a set of reference data for Amazonas’ older women based in younger adult's value. Two-hundred and thirteen women did partially (handgrip strength test, 6-m walking test, and timed up and go) and 126 did all the measurements (MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment), anthropometric and body composition measure, SARC-F (strength, assistance with walking, rising from a chair, climbing stairs, and falls) questionnaire, handgrip strength; and physical functional performance (timed up and go and 6-m walk test). This is a cross sectional study with the sarcopenia diagnostic criteria based on t-score made from younger healthy (reference group). We showed cutoff changed in all measure compared to worldwide parameters, calf circumference should be <32 cm, handgrip strength test <20.7 kgf, appendicular segment muscular mass <5,37 kg/m², 6-m walking test velocity <1.86 m/s, and timed up and go time >6.65 s. In summary, health professionals and researchers involved with older adult women should consider specific population outcomes application, positive-false diagnostic of sarcopenia could be avoided, and more realistic diagnostic will be reached.