Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-06-19DOI: 10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100182
Madhurima Sharma, Abdul Fathah, Indrajit Goswami
Background
While cognitive impairment (CI) and dementia are among the most severe morbid conditions in later life, life expectancies free from CI have been much less investigated than measures of physical functioning. This study aimed to determine the health expectancies in middle aged and older adults in India, considering cognitive status as a health indicator.
Methods
We estimated Cognitive Impairment-free life expectancy (CIFLE) in India for people aged 45 and older using data from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI), 2017-18. Mortality data has been derived from the Sample Registration System (SRS), 2016-20. Sullivan’s method is used to estimate the average number of years a person can expect to live with and without cognitive impairment.
Results
The prevalence of CI among Indian adults 45 and above is 10.28 %, increasing from 4.34 % (45–49) to 47 % (85+). Higher rates in females (13.65 % vs 6.42 % in males) and rural areas (12.39 % vs 6.38 % urban). The results indicate that after attaining age 60, males are expected to live 15 more years as cognitive impairment-free, which is only 12 years for females; though life expectancy for females is higher than that of males. Older adults in rural areas are expected to have fewer cognitive impairment-free years than in urban areas.
Conclusion
Longer life does not extend cognitive health. CI reduces quality of life and increases care needs, aligning with global trends. The disparities in CI-free life expectancy between genders and rural-urban areas highlight the need for targeted interventions and policies to address cognitive health inequalities in India.
虽然认知障碍（CI）和痴呆是晚年生活中最严重的疾病，但对无CI的预期寿命的研究远远少于对身体功能的研究。本研究旨在确定在印度中老年人的健康预期，考虑到认知状况作为一个健康指标。方法我们使用2017-18年印度纵向老龄化研究（LASI）的数据估计印度45岁及以上人群的无认知障碍预期寿命（CIFLE）。死亡率数据来自2016-20年样本登记系统（SRS）。沙利文的方法被用来估计一个人有或没有认知障碍的平均寿命。结果印度45岁及以上成人CI患病率为10.28 %，由4.34 %（45 - 49）上升至47 %（85+）。女性（13.65 % vs . 6.42 %）和农村地区（12.39 % vs . 6.38 %）的发病率较高。结果表明，60岁后，男性无认知障碍预期寿命为15年，而女性仅为12年；尽管女性的预期寿命高于男性。预计农村地区的老年人无认知障碍的年数将少于城市地区的老年人。结论延长寿命并不能延长认知健康。CI降低了生活质量并增加了护理需求，这与全球趋势一致。性别之间和城乡之间在无ci预期寿命方面的差异突出表明，印度需要采取有针对性的干预措施和政策，以解决认知健康方面的不平等问题。
{"title":"Cognitive-impairment-free life expectancy (CIFLE) among older adults in India: A gender and residence based study","authors":"Madhurima Sharma, Abdul Fathah, Indrajit Goswami","doi":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>While cognitive impairment (CI) and dementia are among the most severe morbid conditions in later life, life expectancies free from CI have been much less investigated than measures of physical functioning. This study aimed to determine the health expectancies in middle aged and older adults in India, considering cognitive status as a health indicator.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We estimated Cognitive Impairment-free life expectancy (CIFLE) in India for people aged 45 and older using data from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI), 2017-18. Mortality data has been derived from the Sample Registration System (SRS), 2016-20. Sullivan’s method is used to estimate the average number of years a person can expect to live with and without cognitive impairment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of CI among Indian adults 45 and above is 10.28 %, increasing from 4.34 % (45–49) to 47 % (85+). Higher rates in females (13.65 % vs 6.42 % in males) and rural areas (12.39 % vs 6.38 % urban). The results indicate that after attaining age 60, males are expected to live 15 more years as cognitive impairment-free, which is only 12 years for females; though life expectancy for females is higher than that of males. Older adults in rural areas are expected to have fewer cognitive impairment-free years than in urban areas.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Longer life does not extend cognitive health. CI reduces quality of life and increases care needs, aligning with global trends. The disparities in CI-free life expectancy between genders and rural-urban areas highlight the need for targeted interventions and policies to address cognitive health inequalities in India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100119,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-07-04DOI: 10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100184
Philip Cole Brewer , Timi Kehinde Ojo , Killian Joseph Bucci , Connor John O-Brien , Dami Taiwo Ojo , Emmanuel I. Nathaniel , Nathan Gerhard Faulstich , Adebobola Imeh-Nathaniel , Richard Goodwin , Thomas I Nathaniel
Background
The objective of this study is to identify risk factors that contribute to sex differences in Alzheimer dementia (AD) patients that also present with irritability and anger (ADIA) and determine whether these factors are different between male and female patients with ADIA.
Method
We used data from the of database for AD with a history of irritability and collected from a large academic center from 2016 to 2020. A total of 128,769 patients with AD were identified: 72,896 females and 55,873 males. Univariate was used to stratified risk factors base on sex and presence or absence of anger and irritability among AD patients. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for each risk factor or demographic were used to predict the odds of a specific risk factors being associated with male or female ADIA.
Result
In the adjusted analysis, male ADIA patients were more likely to present with hypertension (OR = 2.894, 95 % CI, 2.079–4.028), insomnia (OR = 1.736, 95 % CI, 1.132–2.663), dyslipidemia (OR = 1.974, 95 % CI, 1.119–3.482), and peripheral vascular disease (OR = 44.135, 95 % CI, 4.344–448.364). Females were more likely to present with osteoporosis (OR = 0.002, 95 % CI, 0.001–0.023), gait dysfunction (OR = 0.034, 95 % CI, 0.003–0.452), anxiety (OR = 0.634, 95 % CI, 0.472–0.852), urinary tract infection (OR = 0.157, 95 % CI, 0.063–0.393), headaches (OR = 0.121, 95 % CI, 0.052–0.282) and pneumonia (OR = 0.209, 95 % CI, 0.114–0.384).
Conclusion
This study reveals key sex differences in ADIA patients. A population-based approach that tackles inequalities in risk factors may offer population-based healthcare and care of male and female ADIA patients.
{"title":"Sex differences in risk factors associated with Alzheimer’s dementia patients with irritability and anger","authors":"Philip Cole Brewer , Timi Kehinde Ojo , Killian Joseph Bucci , Connor John O-Brien , Dami Taiwo Ojo , Emmanuel I. Nathaniel , Nathan Gerhard Faulstich , Adebobola Imeh-Nathaniel , Richard Goodwin , Thomas I Nathaniel","doi":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The objective of this study is to identify risk factors that contribute to sex differences in Alzheimer dementia (AD) patients that also present with irritability and anger (ADIA) and determine whether these factors are different between male and female patients with ADIA.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We used data from the of database for AD with a history of irritability and collected from a large academic center from 2016 to 2020. A total of 128,769 patients with AD were identified: 72,896 females and 55,873 males. Univariate was used to stratified risk factors base on sex and presence or absence of anger and irritability among AD patients. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for each risk factor or demographic were used to predict the odds of a specific risk factors being associated with male or female ADIA.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>In the adjusted analysis, male ADIA patients were more likely to present with hypertension (OR = 2.894, 95 % CI, 2.079–4.028), insomnia (OR = 1.736, 95 % CI, 1.132–2.663), dyslipidemia (OR = 1.974, 95 % CI, 1.119–3.482), and peripheral vascular disease (OR = 44.135, 95 % CI, 4.344–448.364). Females were more likely to present with osteoporosis (OR = 0.002, 95 % CI, 0.001–0.023), gait dysfunction (OR = 0.034, 95 % CI, 0.003–0.452), anxiety (OR = 0.634, 95 % CI, 0.472–0.852), urinary tract infection (OR = 0.157, 95 % CI, 0.063–0.393), headaches (OR = 0.121, 95 % CI, 0.052–0.282) and pneumonia (OR = 0.209, 95 % CI, 0.114–0.384).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study reveals key sex differences in ADIA patients. A population-based approach that tackles inequalities in risk factors may offer population-based healthcare and care of male and female ADIA patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100119,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144579383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-07-02DOI: 10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100186
Thomas Fraccalini MD , Isa Rita Bergoglio MD, PhD , Gianfranco Fonte MD, PhD , Andrea Trogolo MD , Alessandro Maraschi MD , Thomas Roberts , Beatrice Tarozzo PsyD , Beatriz Vitorino MS , Julia Michelin Vecchini MS , Santoro Mariangela MD , Monica Traversa MD, PhD , Teresa Crea MD , Luciano Cardinale MD, PhD , Giuseppe Maina MD , Valerio Ricci MD, PhD , Elisa Binello CNO , Reald Turja NU , Federico Mallamaci NU , Giovanni Volpicelli MD
Introduction
Delirium, an acute confusional state, is common in elderly hospitalized COVID-19 patients and is linked to poor outcomes. Despite this, underdiagnosis persists due to symptom overlap with dementia. This study investigates whether lung ultrasound (LUS) and cognitive screening can predict delirium risk in elderly COVID-19 patients.
Methods
A prospective study at San Luigi Hospital enrolled 64 COVID-19 patients (mean age 82.6). Pulmonary involvement was assessed using the LUS Extension Score (LUSext), while cognition was evaluated via MMSE and 4AT tests. Clinical data, including comorbidities and inflammatory markers, were analyzed. ROC curves and multivariate regression identified delirium predictors.
Results
Delirium occurred in 61.4 % (35/57). Univariate analysis linked delirium to pre-existing dementia (p = 0.03), higher LUS scores (p = 0.004), and lower MMSE scores (p = 0.0002). A LUS score >3 (sensitivity 74 %, specificity 82 %) best predicted delirium. Multivariate analysis confirmed LUS >3 (OR=4.22, p = 0.023) and lower MMSE (OR=0.87, p = 0.007) as independent risk factors.
Discussion
LUS and cognitive impairment are strong predictors of delirium in elderly COVID-19 patients. The LUSext score provides an objective, rapid bedside measure of lung pathology severity, with a score >3 indicating significantly elevated delirium risk. The link between low MMSE and delirium underscores cognitive vulnerability.
Conclusion
While delirium is multifactorial, integrating LUS into routine assessment may improve early detection and management in resource-limited settings, effectively identifying high-risk patients using an accessible bedside investigation. A LUS score >3 and low MMSE should prompt preventive measures. Further studies should validate these findings and explore pathophysiology.
谵妄是一种急性精神错乱状态，在住院的老年COVID-19患者中很常见，并与不良预后有关。尽管如此，由于症状与痴呆症重叠，诊断不足仍然存在。本研究探讨肺超声（LUS）和认知筛查是否可以预测老年COVID-19患者谵妄风险。方法在圣路易吉医院进行一项前瞻性研究，纳入64例COVID-19患者，平均年龄82.6岁。肺受累评估使用LUS扩展评分（LUSext），而认知评估通过MMSE和4AT测试。分析临床资料，包括合并症和炎症标志物。ROC曲线和多元回归确定谵妄的预测因子。结果谵妄发生率为61.4%（35/57）。单因素分析将谵妄与先前存在的痴呆（p = 0.03）、较高的LUS评分（p = 0.004）和较低的MMSE评分（p = 0.0002）联系起来。LUS评分>；3（敏感性74%，特异性82%）最能预测谵妄。多因素分析证实LUS >；3 （OR=4.22, p = 0.023）和MMSE较低（OR=0.87, p = 0.007）为独立危险因素。lus和认知障碍是老年COVID-19患者谵妄的有力预测因素。LUSext评分为肺病理严重程度提供了客观、快速的床边测量，评分为>；3表示谵妄风险显著升高。低MMSE和谵妄之间的联系强调了认知脆弱性。结论虽然谵妄是多因素的，但在资源有限的情况下，将LUS纳入常规评估可改善早期发现和管理，并通过可获取的床边调查有效识别高危患者。LUS得分>；3和低MMSE应该提示预防措施。进一步的研究应该验证这些发现并探索病理生理学。
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Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-07-26DOI: 10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100192
Olga Naka, Panagiota Chatzidou, Katia Sarafidou, Vassiliki Anastassiadou
The aging population presents complex challenges to oral health, particularly due to inflammaging, a chronic, low-grade systemic inflammation linked to tissue degeneration and frailty syndrome. Despite its relevance, inflammaging remains underexplored in geriatric prosthodontics. This scoping review aimed to systematically examine and classify existing literature on oral-systemic inflammaging, with emphasis on diagnostic biomarkers, therapeutic strategies, and interdisciplinary integration. Bloom’s cognitive taxonomy was used to structure the evidence according to levels of complexity and clinical application. Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, 1686 records were screened across four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase), and 49 studies met the inclusion criteria. The review employed a dual framework: the PICO model for clinical relevance and Bloom’s instructional taxonomy to categorize evidence from recall-level biological markers to higher-order insights, such as senotherapeutics, multi-omics diagnostics, and digital integration. Findings highlighted strong correlations between systemic inflammatory markers and oral aging conditions. Novel interventions, including senolytics, mTOR inhibitors, and microbiome-targeted therapies, showed translational promise. However, gaps persist in standardized biomarker panels, long-term clinical trials, and integration of frailty metrics into prosthodontic care. In conclusion, inflammaging offers a compelling biological perspective for transitioning prosthodontic strategies from mechanical approaches to precision-based methodologies. Integrating concepts including geroscience, salivary diagnostics, and personalized biomaterials can enhance outcomes and resilience in older adults. Future research should prioritize biologically informed protocols, interdisciplinary collaboration, and AI-supported predictive tools to align prosthodontics with the broader goals of healthy aging.
人口老龄化给口腔健康带来了复杂的挑战，特别是由于炎症，一种与组织变性和虚弱综合征相关的慢性、低度全身炎症。尽管炎症具有相关性，但在老年口腔修复学中仍未得到充分研究。本综述旨在系统地检查和分类现有的关于口腔全身炎症的文献，重点是诊断生物标志物、治疗策略和跨学科整合。布鲁姆的认知分类法被用来根据复杂程度和临床应用来构建证据。按照PRISMA-ScR指南，在四个数据库（PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science和Embase）中筛选了1686条记录，49项研究符合纳入标准。该综述采用了双重框架：临床相关性的PICO模型和Bloom的教学分类法，将证据从回忆水平的生物标记物分类到更高层次的见解，如老年治疗、多组学诊断和数字集成。研究结果强调了全身炎症标志物与口腔衰老状况之间的强烈相关性。新的干预措施，包括抗衰老药、mTOR抑制剂和微生物组靶向治疗，显示出了转化的希望。然而，在标准化的生物标志物面板、长期临床试验和将脆弱指标整合到修复护理中，差距仍然存在。总之，炎症为修复策略从机械方法过渡到基于精确的方法提供了令人信服的生物学观点。整合包括老年科学、唾液诊断和个性化生物材料在内的概念可以提高老年人的预后和恢复能力。未来的研究应优先考虑生物学知情协议、跨学科合作和人工智能支持的预测工具，以使修复学与健康老龄化的更广泛目标保持一致。
{"title":"Translating inflammaging: The bidirectional relationship between oral and systemic health in geriatric prosthodontics","authors":"Olga Naka, Panagiota Chatzidou, Katia Sarafidou, Vassiliki Anastassiadou","doi":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aging population presents complex challenges to oral health, particularly due to inflammaging, a chronic, low-grade systemic inflammation linked to tissue degeneration and frailty syndrome. Despite its relevance, inflammaging remains underexplored in geriatric prosthodontics. This scoping review aimed to systematically examine and classify existing literature on oral-systemic inflammaging, with emphasis on diagnostic biomarkers, therapeutic strategies, and interdisciplinary integration. Bloom’s cognitive taxonomy was used to structure the evidence according to levels of complexity and clinical application. Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, 1686 records were screened across four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase), and 49 studies met the inclusion criteria. The review employed a dual framework: the PICO model for clinical relevance and Bloom’s instructional taxonomy to categorize evidence from recall-level biological markers to higher-order insights, such as senotherapeutics, multi-omics diagnostics, and digital integration. Findings highlighted strong correlations between systemic inflammatory markers and oral aging conditions. Novel interventions, including senolytics, mTOR inhibitors, and microbiome-targeted therapies, showed translational promise. However, gaps persist in standardized biomarker panels, long-term clinical trials, and integration of frailty metrics into prosthodontic care. In conclusion, inflammaging offers a compelling biological perspective for transitioning prosthodontic strategies from mechanical approaches to precision-based methodologies. Integrating concepts including geroscience, salivary diagnostics, and personalized biomaterials can enhance outcomes and resilience in older adults. Future research should prioritize biologically informed protocols, interdisciplinary collaboration, and AI-supported predictive tools to align prosthodontics with the broader goals of healthy aging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100119,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144749567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the relationship of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity non-exercise physical activity (NEPA) and exercise habits (EH) with sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults.
Methods
A 7-year longitudinal analysis was conducted using data of 863 older adults from the Kashiwa Cohort Study in Japan, with baseline assessment in 2014 and follow-up in 2016, 2018, and 2021. Sarcopenia was assessed using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. NEPA status and EH were evaluated using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and a self-reported questionnaire according to the Japanese National Health and Nutrition Survey, respectively.
Results
Cox regression analysis identified baseline NEPA and EH as predictors of cumulative sarcopenia incidence. The incidence of new-onset sarcopenia and adjusted hazard ratios (95 % confidence interval [CI]) were 10.7 % and 0.49 (0.25–0.94) for NEPA only, 9.6 % and 0.44 (0.23–0.85) for EH only, and 8.0 % and 0.40 (0.22–0.72) for both, respectively, compared with 18.9 % for the neither NEPA nor EH group. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) analysis revealed that the odds of sarcopenia were significantly lower in the NEPA only, EH only, and both NEPA and EH groups, with adjusted odds ratios (95 % CI) of 0.52 (0.28–0.96), 0.48 (0.24–0.95), and 0.36 (0.20–0.63), respectively.
Conclusions
Both NEPA and EH were independently associated with a lower sarcopenia incidence. Therefore, NEPA may be a practical alternative to structured exercises for older adults.
{"title":"Association of non-exercise physical activity with sarcopenia compared with that of exercise habits among community-dwelling older adults: A 7-year follow-up from the Kashiwa Cohort Study","authors":"Weida Lyu , Tomoki Tanaka , Bo-Kyung Son , Yasuyo Yoshizawa , Katsuya Iijima","doi":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This study investigated the relationship of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity non-exercise physical activity (NEPA) and exercise habits (EH) with sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A 7-year longitudinal analysis was conducted using data of 863 older adults from the Kashiwa Cohort Study in Japan, with baseline assessment in 2014 and follow-up in 2016, 2018, and 2021. Sarcopenia was assessed using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. NEPA status and EH were evaluated using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and a self-reported questionnaire according to the Japanese National Health and Nutrition Survey, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Cox regression analysis identified baseline NEPA and EH as predictors of cumulative sarcopenia incidence. The incidence of new-onset sarcopenia and adjusted hazard ratios (95 % confidence interval [CI]) were 10.7 % and 0.49 (0.25–0.94) for NEPA only, 9.6 % and 0.44 (0.23–0.85) for EH only, and 8.0 % and 0.40 (0.22–0.72) for both, respectively, compared with 18.9 % for the neither NEPA nor EH group. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) analysis revealed that the odds of sarcopenia were significantly lower in the NEPA only, EH only, and both NEPA and EH groups, with adjusted odds ratios (95 % CI) of 0.52 (0.28–0.96), 0.48 (0.24–0.95), and 0.36 (0.20–0.63), respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Both NEPA and EH were independently associated with a lower sarcopenia incidence. Therefore, NEPA may be a practical alternative to structured exercises for older adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100119,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144749568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-06-11DOI: 10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100176
Victoria Sánchez-Cazalla , Tamara Gutiérrez-Domingo
Introduction
Ageing is a process that covers the entire life cycle of a human being and that, around old age, is usually accompanied by negative stereotypes, social isolation and a feeling of loneliness, resulting in a rupture between diverse generations. Intergenerational programs have been used to address this concern to pursue active ageing.
Objetive
Analyze the impact of intergenerational programs on the ageing process to achieve cohesive societies for all ages and thus promote the active ageing model.
Material and methods
A systematic review has been prepared, the search of which was carried out in the Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Libary databases, that included studies published between 2014 and 2025. A total of 3.144 articles were identified, of which 290 underwent selection according to title and abstract, leaving 72 that were evaluated for eligibility, according to the inclusion criteria.
Results
A total of 8 articles were valid for inclusion. The methodological quality of the studies was low to moderate, although most research reported improvements in participants' well-being after participation in an intergenerational program.
Conclusions
Intergenerational programs provided biopsychosocial benefits to generations of different ages, which helped enhance the pursuit of active ageing in order to establish strong connections in the community.
老龄化是一个涵盖人的整个生命周期的过程，在老年前后，通常伴随着消极的陈规定型观念、社会孤立和孤独感，导致不同世代之间的破裂。代际项目已被用来解决这一问题，以追求积极老龄化。目的分析代际计划对老龄化进程的影响，以实现所有年龄段的凝聚力社会，从而促进积极老龄化模式。材料和方法已经准备了一项系统综述，在Pubmed、Web of Science、Scopus、PsycINFO和Cochrane library数据库中进行了检索，包括2014年至2025年间发表的研究。共纳入文献3.144篇，其中290篇根据标题和摘要进行筛选，其余72篇根据纳入标准进行入选评价。结果共8篇有效纳入。研究的方法学质量是低到中等，尽管大多数研究报告参与者在参与代际项目后的幸福感有所改善。结论代际计划为不同年龄的人提供了生物心理社会效益，有助于增强对积极老龄化的追求，从而在社区中建立牢固的联系。
{"title":"Impact of intergenerational programmes on older adults for active ageing. A systematic review","authors":"Victoria Sánchez-Cazalla , Tamara Gutiérrez-Domingo","doi":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Ageing is a process that covers the entire life cycle of a human being and that, around old age, is usually accompanied by negative stereotypes, social isolation and a feeling of loneliness, resulting in a rupture between diverse generations. Intergenerational programs have been used to address this concern to pursue active ageing.</div></div><div><h3>Objetive</h3><div>Analyze the impact of intergenerational programs on the ageing process to achieve cohesive societies for all ages and thus promote the active ageing model.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>A systematic review has been prepared, the search of which was carried out in the Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Libary databases, that included studies published between 2014 and 2025. A total of 3.144 articles were identified, of which 290 underwent selection according to title and abstract, leaving 72 that were evaluated for eligibility, according to the inclusion criteria.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 8 articles were valid for inclusion. The methodological quality of the studies was low to moderate, although most research reported improvements in participants' well-being after participation in an intergenerational program.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Intergenerational programs provided biopsychosocial benefits to generations of different ages, which helped enhance the pursuit of active ageing in order to establish strong connections in the community.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100119,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-06-15DOI: 10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100180
Jay Acharya , Radcliffe Lisk , Rashid Mahmood , Amir Manzoor , Francesca Young , Mitveer Gill , Keefai Yeong , Kevin Kelly , Jonathan Robin , David Fluck , Christopher Henry Fry , Thang Sieu Han
Background
Frailty and delirium commonly coexist in acutely ill older adults, but they are variably measured. The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) and the 4AT scores are advocated as standardised tools to assess these conditions. We have developed risk categories based on these scales to predict mortality.
Methods
Two-graph ROC curve analysis derived thresholds at 5.5 for CFS and 1 for 4AT for predicting mortality, from which three composite Risk-Categories were created: “Low-Risk” represents low scores for both CFS (1–6) and 4AT (0); Intermediate-Risk” represents either high CFS (7–9) or high 4AT (1–12) scores; and High-Risk” represents both high CFS and 4AT scales. These Risk-Categories were used to predict in-hospital or 30-day mortality using logistic regression, and up to 27 months since admission using Cox regression; adjusted for age, sex, Charlson comorbidity index, anticholinergic burden and polypharmacy.
Results
There were 1192 patients (57.1 % women) of mean age 86.1 yr (SD=7.1) consecutively admitted to a hospital. Compared to those in the “Low-Risk” category (reference), in-hospital mortality odds-ratios (ORs; 95 %CI) were greater for those in the “Intermediate-Risk” category: OR=1.74 (1.11–2.72), and “High-Risk” category: OR=2.72 (1.47–5.02). Corresponding values for within 30-day mortality were: OR=1.75 (1.18–2.60) and OR=3.03 (1.76–5.21). Risk of death within 27 months of admission was increased in the “High-Risk” category: hazard ratio=1.46 (1.14–1.87). The association of CFS and mortality was partially mediated by 4AT.
Conclusion
Mortality in hospital was approximately doubled in “Intermediate-Risk” and tripled in “High-Risk” patients, which persisted after discharge. These risk categories are a useful tool for identifying high-risk patients.
{"title":"Frailty and delirium: A fatal combination in older adults","authors":"Jay Acharya , Radcliffe Lisk , Rashid Mahmood , Amir Manzoor , Francesca Young , Mitveer Gill , Keefai Yeong , Kevin Kelly , Jonathan Robin , David Fluck , Christopher Henry Fry , Thang Sieu Han","doi":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Frailty and delirium commonly coexist in acutely ill older adults, but they are variably measured. The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) and the 4AT scores are advocated as standardised tools to assess these conditions. We have developed risk categories based on these scales to predict mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two-graph ROC curve analysis derived thresholds at 5.5 for CFS and 1 for 4AT for predicting mortality, from which three composite <em>Risk-Categories</em> were created: “<em>Low-Risk</em>” represents low scores for both CFS (1–6) and 4AT (0); <em>Intermediate-Risk”</em> represents either high CFS (7–9) or high 4AT (1–12) scores; and <em>High-Risk</em>” represents both high CFS and 4AT scales. These <em>Risk-Categories</em> were used to predict in-hospital or 30-day mortality using logistic regression, and up to 27 months since admission using Cox regression; adjusted for age, sex, Charlson comorbidity index, anticholinergic burden and polypharmacy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were 1192 patients (57.1 % women) of mean age 86.1 yr (SD=7.1) consecutively admitted to a hospital. Compared to those in the “<em>Low-Risk</em>” category (reference), in-hospital mortality odds-ratios (ORs; 95 %CI) were greater for those in the “<em>Intermediate-Risk”</em> category: OR=1.74 (1.11–2.72), and “<em>High-Risk</em>” category: OR=2.72 (1.47–5.02). Corresponding values for within 30-day mortality were: OR=1.75 (1.18–2.60) and OR=3.03 (1.76–5.21). Risk of death within 27 months of admission was increased in the “<em>High-Risk</em>” category: hazard ratio=1.46 (1.14–1.87). The association of CFS and mortality was partially mediated by 4AT.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Mortality in hospital was approximately doubled in “<em>Intermediate-Risk</em>” and tripled in “<em>High-Risk</em>” patients, which persisted after discharge. These risk categories are a useful tool for identifying high-risk patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100119,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144335935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Preoperative risk assessment is important, and the traditional evaluation is ineffective in identifying frail older patients. We intend to report the association between frailty, as diagnosed using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) modified frailty index, and immediate and one-month postoperative outcome in older adults undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery.
Methods
This prospective study was conducted in the inpatient department of a tertiary care centre. The preoperative data along with comorbidity, frailty and other geriatric syndromes were collected from 100 older adults, undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery. The outcomes were day 3 postoperative complications such as delirium, electrolyte imbalance, acute kidney injury, pulmonary embolism, intensive care unit admission and infection. Mobility, and mortality were assessed on 30th post-operative day.
Results
The mean age of the study population was 67.8±6.75 years, 80 % were between the age of 60-74 years, 55 (55 %) were females, 28 patients were frail. Hypertension (n = 48) was the most prevalent comorbidity, followed by diabetes (n = 29). Among the immediate post-operative complications, frail patients had higher risk of hyponatremia (OR: 39.44; CI: 4.84-1734.41), acute kidney injury (OR: 6.8; CI: 1.58-33.37), delirium (OR: 23; CI: 5.23-134.84), and infection (OR: 9.44; CI: 2.32-44.87). At 30-day post-operative day frail patients had poor mobility (18.05±8.4 vs 24.45±5.6).
Conclusion
Frailty is an important predictor of immediate and short-term post-operative complications in older adults undergoing major elective orthopaedic surgery. Pre-operative screening for frailty could help focus care towards vulnerable patients and prevent adverse events during post-operative period.
{"title":"Frailty assessment as a predictor of postoperative complications and life space in Indian older adults undergoing elective major orthopaedic surgery: A prospective study from a tertiary care centre","authors":"Abhijith Rajaram Rao , Sumitab Singh , Baburao Gudeti , Pramod Kumar Mehta , Rajesh Malhotra , Avinash Chakrawarty , Aparajit Ballav Dey , Prasun Chatterjee","doi":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Preoperative risk assessment is important, and the traditional evaluation is ineffective in identifying frail older patients. We intend to report the association between frailty, as diagnosed using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) modified frailty index, and immediate and one-month postoperative outcome in older adults undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective study was conducted in the inpatient department of a tertiary care centre. The preoperative data along with comorbidity, frailty and other geriatric syndromes were collected from 100 older adults, undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery. The outcomes were day 3 postoperative complications such as delirium, electrolyte imbalance, acute kidney injury, pulmonary embolism, intensive care unit admission and infection. Mobility, and mortality were assessed on 30<sup>th</sup> post-operative day.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean age of the study population was 67.8±6.75 years, 80 % were between the age of 60-74 years, 55 (55 %) were females, 28 patients were frail. Hypertension (<em>n =</em> 48) was the most prevalent comorbidity, followed by diabetes (<em>n =</em> 29). Among the immediate post-operative complications, frail patients had higher risk of hyponatremia (OR: 39.44; CI: 4.84-1734.41), acute kidney injury (OR: 6.8; CI: 1.58-33.37), delirium (OR: 23; CI: 5.23-134.84), and infection (OR: 9.44; CI: 2.32-44.87). At 30-day post-operative day frail patients had poor mobility (18.05±8.4 vs 24.45±5.6).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Frailty is an important predictor of immediate and short-term post-operative complications in older adults undergoing major elective orthopaedic surgery. Pre-operative screening for frailty could help focus care towards vulnerable patients and prevent adverse events during post-operative period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100119,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hip fractures lead to disability, loss of independence, and a decline in quality of life. Rehabilitation success depends on various factors, such as, age, pre-fracture function, level of cognitive function, nutritional status, comorbidity, and family support. Most studies exploring the question of whether cognitive-based interventions can lead to functional improvement were conducted on community-dwelling elderly individuals with acquired brain injury, dementia, and cognitive impairments. Our aim was to compare targeted cognitive intervention with conventional occupational therapy in improving rehabilitation outcomes amongst post-acute hip fracture patients.
Methods
A randomized controlled single blinded study. Eighty patients were randomly assigned to two groups: group A (intervention) received targeted cognitive intervention, based on concepts from "The multi-context approach to cognitive rehabilitation of executive dysfunction" and group B (controls) received conventional occupational therapy. T-test and chi-square tests assessed significant differences between demographic, clinical, functional variables. ANOVA with repeated measures assessed significant improvement in cognitive/functional test scores in the two groups.
Results
43 patients were assigned to the intervention group; 37 to the controls. All patients significantly improved in their cognitive tests. No significant differences were found between the groups regarding discharge scores of the cognitive test, degree of cognitive improvement, functional outcomes and patient reported outcome measures questions.
Conclusions
Targeted cognitive intervention did not lead to a better outcome in hip fracture patients. As most were cognitively impaired, further research is warranted in order to explore whether different cognitive interventions might improve their rehabilitation outcomes.
{"title":"Can targeted cognitive intervention improve rehabilitation outcome in hip fracture patients: a randomized controlled trial","authors":"Yedida Borow, Renata Efrati, Noa Doron, Michal Tzin, Yaara Ginsburg, Daniela Gesner, Avital Hershkovitz","doi":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hip fractures lead to disability, loss of independence, and a decline in quality of life. Rehabilitation success depends on various factors, such as, age, pre-fracture function, level of cognitive function, nutritional status, comorbidity, and family support. Most studies exploring the question of whether cognitive-based interventions can lead to functional improvement were conducted on community-dwelling elderly individuals with acquired brain injury, dementia, and cognitive impairments. Our aim was to compare targeted cognitive intervention with conventional occupational therapy in improving rehabilitation outcomes amongst post-acute hip fracture patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A randomized controlled single blinded study. Eighty patients were randomly assigned to two groups: group A (intervention) received targeted cognitive intervention, based on concepts from \"The multi-context approach to cognitive rehabilitation of executive dysfunction\" and group B (controls) received conventional occupational therapy. T-test and chi-square tests assessed significant differences between demographic, clinical, functional variables. ANOVA with repeated measures assessed significant improvement in cognitive/functional test scores in the two groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>43 patients were assigned to the intervention group; 37 to the controls. All patients significantly improved in their cognitive tests. No significant differences were found between the groups regarding discharge scores of the cognitive test, degree of cognitive improvement, functional outcomes and patient reported outcome measures questions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Targeted cognitive intervention did not lead to a better outcome in hip fracture patients. As most were cognitively impaired, further research is warranted in order to explore whether different cognitive interventions might improve their rehabilitation outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100119,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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