Pub Date : 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100733
Hongyan Lin , Chaofan Pang , Mengmeng Liu , Yiwei Huang , Xinru Xia , Yaqi Xu , Wenxue Sun , Hongxia Zhang
Introduction
SanHuang Guben Zhike Formula (SHGBZKF) is a classical herbal prescription for pulmonary diseases, but its material basis and mechanisms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are poorly understood. This study investigated its active ingredients and therapeutic mechanisms in COPD via network pharmacology, molecular docking, kinetic simulation, and in vitro experiments.
Methods
Active ingredients of SHGBZKF were screened using TCMSP and SwissADME. COPD-related targets were retrieved from DisGeNET and others, with overlapping targets identified. Core targets were screened via Cytoscape-constructed PPI networks; GO/KEGG analyses used Metascape. Ligand-receptor binding was evaluated by AutoDock Vina 1.1.2, and complex stability verified via GROMACS. β-sitosterol’s effects were validated in CSE-induced COPD cells.
Results
A total of 120 active ingredients and 208 common targets with COPD were identified, including core targets STAT3, AKT1, EGFR. KEGG showed activated PI3K-AKT and EGFR pathways. β-sitosterol had optimal binding energies with AKT1 (ΔG=-10.8 kcal/mol) and EGFR (ΔG= -9.7 kcal/mol), with stable complexes confirmed. It inhibited EGFR, AKT, MAPK pathways, exerting therapeutic effects in CSE-induced cells.
Discussion
SHGBZKF may alleviate COPD progression by synergistically regulating EGFR, AKT, and MAPK signaling pathways through components such as β-sitosterol. Our research first uncovered the molecular mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of SHGBZKF on respiratory diseases, and this finding is anticipated to lay a theoretical foundation for the clinical use of SHGBZKF.
{"title":"Network pharmacology-integrated molecular docking and experimental validation: Unveiling the protective mechanism of sanhuang guben zhike formula in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","authors":"Hongyan Lin , Chaofan Pang , Mengmeng Liu , Yiwei Huang , Xinru Xia , Yaqi Xu , Wenxue Sun , Hongxia Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div><em>SanHuang Guben Zhike Formula</em> (SHGBZKF) is a classical herbal prescription for pulmonary diseases, but its material basis and mechanisms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are poorly understood. This study investigated its active ingredients and therapeutic mechanisms in COPD via network pharmacology, molecular docking, kinetic simulation, and in vitro experiments.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Active ingredients of SHGBZKF were screened using TCMSP and SwissADME. COPD-related targets were retrieved from DisGeNET and others, with overlapping targets identified. Core targets were screened via Cytoscape-constructed PPI networks; GO/KEGG analyses used Metascape. Ligand-receptor binding was evaluated by AutoDock Vina 1.1.2, and complex stability verified via GROMACS. β-sitosterol’s effects were validated in CSE-induced COPD cells.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 120 active ingredients and 208 common targets with COPD were identified, including core targets STAT3, AKT1, EGFR. KEGG showed activated PI3K-AKT and EGFR pathways. β-sitosterol had optimal binding energies with AKT1 (ΔG=-10.8 kcal/mol) and EGFR (ΔG= -9.7 kcal/mol), with stable complexes confirmed. It inhibited EGFR, AKT, MAPK pathways, exerting therapeutic effects in CSE-induced cells.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>SHGBZKF may alleviate COPD progression by synergistically regulating EGFR, AKT, and MAPK signaling pathways through components such as β-sitosterol. Our research first uncovered the molecular mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of SHGBZKF on respiratory diseases, and this finding is anticipated to lay a theoretical foundation for the clinical use of SHGBZKF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100733"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145694953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100724
Yunzi Yan , Bo Feng , Jake Mao , Chunhui Ning , Yufei Yang , Lingyun Sun
Objective
Liver metastasis is the leading cause of mortality in colon cancer patients. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine Quxie formula (QX) has been shown to prolong survival, improve immune function and modulate the gut microbiome, particularly increasing Actinobacteria in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. However, the mechanism remains unclear.
Methods
In Vitro, QX-containing serum was extracted from rats and used to culture three Actinobacteria strains: Bifidobacterium adolescentis (B. a.), Streptomyces carpaticus, and Bacillus. After screening for bacterial growth, QX-B. a. co-culture products were applied to HCT-116 cells to assess apoptosis and apoptosis-related protein expression. Caspase3, Caspase8, and Caspase9 pathways were blocked to further investigate apoptosis mechanisms. We then established a CT-26 liver metastasis mouse model pretreated with cocktail antibiotics, followed by 14-day QX decoction treatment. Liver tissue, immune function, cytokine, and gut microbiome were analyzed using Western blotting (WB), flow cytometry analysis, ELISA and 16S rRNA sequencing, respectively.
Results
In Vitro, QX-containing serum significantly promoted B. a. proliferation, and the QX-B. a. co-culture products induced higher apoptosis rates in HCT-116 cells than controls. WB results showed increased expression of Caspase3, Caspase8, Caspase9, Bax, and Bid, and decreased Bcl-2 expression in QX-B. a. co-culture groups. Blocking Caspase3, Caspase8, and Caspase9 significantly reduced apoptosis, confirming the Bcl-2/Bax pathway’s involvement. In Vivo, 10 mg, 15 mg, and 20 mg daily QX treatment significantly reduced liver metastasis tumor burden. QX treatment increased gut Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes abundance compared to model groups. QX significantly enhanced the protein expression of Caspase3, Caspase8 and Caspase9 in liver metastatic tissues. Compared to model group, QX could significantly enhance the proportion of CD8+, expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ in peripheral blood. In liver metastatic tissue, QX could restore the NK cells’ ability of targeting and killing cancer cells. Through UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE analysis, 69 molecular compounds were preliminarily identified in the decoction of QX and medicated serum.
Conclusion
This study provides new insights into the gut microbiome-mediated anti-cancer effects of QX, warranting further investigation into its active components and therapeutic mechanism.
{"title":"Chinese herbal medicine Quxie formula inhibits colon cancer liver metastasis through modulating gut Actinobacteria induced apoptosis and anti-cancer immunity","authors":"Yunzi Yan , Bo Feng , Jake Mao , Chunhui Ning , Yufei Yang , Lingyun Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Liver metastasis is the leading cause of mortality in colon cancer patients. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine Quxie formula (QX) has been shown to prolong survival, improve immune function and modulate the gut microbiome, particularly increasing <em>Actinobacteria</em> in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. However, the mechanism remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><em>In Vitro</em>, QX-containing serum was extracted from rats and used to culture three <em>Actinobacteria</em> strains: <em>Bifidobacterium adolescentis (B. a.), Streptomyces carpaticus</em>, and <em>Bacillus</em>. After screening for bacterial growth, QX-<em>B. a.</em> co-culture products were applied to HCT-116 cells to assess apoptosis and apoptosis-related protein expression. Caspase3, Caspase8, and Caspase9 pathways were blocked to further investigate apoptosis mechanisms. We then established a CT-26 liver metastasis mouse model pretreated with cocktail antibiotics, followed by 14-day QX decoction treatment. Liver tissue, immune function, cytokine, and gut microbiome were analyzed using Western blotting (WB), flow cytometry analysis, ELISA and 16S rRNA sequencing, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><em>In Vitro</em>, QX-containing serum significantly promoted <em>B. a.</em> proliferation, and the QX-<em>B. a.</em> co-culture products induced higher apoptosis rates in HCT-116 cells than controls. WB results showed increased expression of Caspase3, Caspase8, Caspase9, Bax, and Bid, and decreased Bcl-2 expression in QX-<em>B. a.</em> co-culture groups. Blocking Caspase3, Caspase8, and Caspase9 significantly reduced apoptosis, confirming the Bcl-2/Bax pathway’s involvement. <em>In Vivo</em>, 10 mg, 15 mg, and 20 mg daily QX treatment significantly reduced liver metastasis tumor burden. QX treatment increased gut <em>Actinobacteria, Bacteroidet</em>es, and <em>Firmicutes</em> abundance compared to model groups. QX significantly enhanced the protein expression of Caspase3, Caspase8 and Caspase9 in liver metastatic tissues. Compared to model group, QX could significantly enhance the proportion of CD8+, expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ in peripheral blood. In liver metastatic tissue, QX could restore the NK cells’ ability of targeting and killing cancer cells. Through UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE analysis, 69 molecular compounds were preliminarily identified in the decoction of QX and medicated serum.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study provides new insights into the gut microbiome-mediated anti-cancer effects of QX, warranting further investigation into its active components and therapeutic mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100724"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145623890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Retraction notice to “Inhibition of oxido-inflammatory and apoptotic pathway is involved in the protective effect of Ginkgo biloba supplement in cyclosporine-A induced vascular dysfunction in Wistar rat” [Pharmacological Research – Modern Chinese Medicine 7 (2023) 100252]","authors":"Jerome Ndudi Asiwe , Simon Irikefe Ovuakporaye , Benneth Ben-Azu , Jamil Usman Dauda , Vincent-Junior Onoriode Igben , Endurance Efe Ahama , Ehizokhale Santos Ehebha , Vincent Ugochukwu Igbokwe","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100704","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100704"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100727
Sina Cun, Xin Li, Zhenjuan Duan, Kezhen Qi, Xiaoyun Pu
Introduction
Centranthera grandiflora Benth. (C. grandiflora Benth.) (大花胡麻草) is an important medicinal plant with edible varieties. It is widely used as a folk Chinese medicine in Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province, known for its effects in reducing swelling, dissipating stasis, promoting blood circulation, and alleviating pain. It is often used to treat injuries, high fever in children and irregular menstruation.
Aim of the review
This paper reviews the research progress on the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of C. grandiflora Benth. to provide a basis for further research and development of its medicinal value.
Methods
The relevant reports of chemical composition and pharmacological effects of C. grandiflora Benth. were collected from various academic databases and search engines, including Google Scholar, PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang and CQVIP.
Results
This study reviewed the chemical composition and pharmacological activities of C. grandiflora Benth. in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that C. grandiflora Benth. and its major bioactive constituents (iridoid glycosides) exhibit diverse pharmacological properties, including anti-myocardial ischemia, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, and hepatoprotective effects.
Discussion
Therefore, to facilitate the exploration and utilization of C. grandiflora Benth. resources, comprehensive investigations into the chemical composition and pharmacological properties of its remaining constituents are essential. This includes elucidating structure-activity relationships and mechanisms of action for its diverse constituents, thereby facilitating clinical applications and enhancing therapeutic efficacy.
{"title":"Phytochemical composition and pharmacological activities of centranthera grandiflora benth.: A brief review","authors":"Sina Cun, Xin Li, Zhenjuan Duan, Kezhen Qi, Xiaoyun Pu","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100727","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div><em>Centranthera grandiflora</em> Benth. (<em>C. grandiflora</em> Benth.) (大花胡麻草) is an important medicinal plant with edible varieties. It is widely used as a folk Chinese medicine in Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province, known for its effects in reducing swelling, dissipating stasis, promoting blood circulation, and alleviating pain. It is often used to treat injuries, high fever in children and irregular menstruation.</div></div><div><h3>Aim of the review</h3><div>This paper reviews the research progress on the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of <em>C. grandiflora</em> Benth. to provide a basis for further research and development of its medicinal value.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The relevant reports of chemical composition and pharmacological effects of <em>C. grandiflora</em> Benth. were collected from various academic databases and search engines, including Google Scholar, PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang and CQVIP.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This study reviewed the chemical composition and pharmacological activities of <em>C. grandiflora</em> Benth. <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> studies indicate that <em>C. grandiflora</em> Benth. and its major bioactive constituents (iridoid glycosides) exhibit diverse pharmacological properties, including anti-myocardial ischemia, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, and hepatoprotective effects.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Therefore, to facilitate the exploration and utilization of <em>C. grandiflora</em> Benth. resources, comprehensive investigations into the chemical composition and pharmacological properties of its remaining constituents are essential. This includes elucidating structure-activity relationships and mechanisms of action for its diverse constituents, thereby facilitating clinical applications and enhancing therapeutic efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100727"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100725
Naruwat Pakdee, Ronnachai Poowanna
Introduction
Antidesma thwaitesianum (Chinese name: 小斑五月茶, Pinyin: xiǎo yè wǔ yuè chá), taxonomically associated with its synonym Antidesma puncticulatum is a fruit rich in phenolic compounds known for their health benefits as well as their antibacterial and antioxidant activities. This study aimed to analyze the phenolic compound content and antioxidant activity of A. thwaitesianum extracts, as well as to investigate their inhibitory effects on the growth of Eschrichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus spp. and Proteus mirabilis.
Methods
The extracts were prepared by freshly squeezing the fruits and using 95 % ethanol as a solvent. The phenolic compound content was analyzed using the Folin - Ciocalteu method. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH assay, while antibacterial activity was evaluated using the disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC).
Results
The results showed that A. thwaitesianum black fruit extract exhibited the highest total phenolic content (116.48 ± 2.8 mg GAE/g), while the strongest antioxidant activity (IC50 = 79.27 ± 1.88 mg/mL) occurred in red fruit water extract. whereas the red fruit ethanolic extract showed the strongest antibacterial activity with MIC values ranging from 0.98 - 250 µg/mL against tested bacteria.
Discussion
Ethanol extracts of A. thwaitesianum especially from black fruits, contained higher phenolic content, while red fruit water extracts showed the strongest antioxidant activity and red fruit ethanol extracts exhibited the most potent antibacterial effects. These results highlight the potential of A. thwaitesianum as a natural source of antioxidant and antibacterial agents for functional food and phytopharmaceutical applications.
{"title":"Phenolic content, antioxidant activities and antibacterial effects of Antidesma thwaitesianum Mull. Arg. extracts","authors":"Naruwat Pakdee, Ronnachai Poowanna","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div><em>Antidesma thwaitesianum</em> (Chinese name: 小斑五月茶, Pinyin: xiǎo yè wǔ yuè chá), taxonomically associated with its synonym <em>Antidesma puncticulatum</em> is a fruit rich in phenolic compounds known for their health benefits as well as their antibacterial and antioxidant activities. This study aimed to analyze the phenolic compound content and antioxidant activity of <em>A. thwaitesianum</em> extracts, as well as to investigate their inhibitory effects on the growth of <em>Eschrichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus</em> spp. and <em>Proteus mirabilis</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The extracts were prepared by freshly squeezing the fruits and using 95 % ethanol as a solvent. The phenolic compound content was analyzed using the Folin - Ciocalteu method. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH assay, while antibacterial activity was evaluated using the disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results showed that <em>A. thwaitesianum</em> black fruit extract exhibited the highest total phenolic content (116.48 ± 2.8 mg GAE/g), while the strongest antioxidant activity (IC<sub>50</sub> = 79.27 ± 1.88 mg/mL) occurred in red fruit water extract. whereas the red fruit ethanolic extract showed the strongest antibacterial activity with MIC values ranging from 0.98 - 250 µg/mL against tested bacteria.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Ethanol extracts of <em>A. thwaitesianum</em> especially from black fruits, contained higher phenolic content, while red fruit water extracts showed the strongest antioxidant activity and red fruit ethanol extracts exhibited the most potent antibacterial effects. These results highlight the potential of <em>A. thwaitesianum</em> as a natural source of antioxidant and antibacterial agents for functional food and phytopharmaceutical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100725"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145623889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100722
Muhammad Tariq Saeed , Jinghao Zhao , Hassan Mohamed , Tahira Naz , Bushra Iqbal , Asmaa S. Ramadan , Hafiz Muhammad Saleem Akhtar , Molalign Assefa , Hina Khalid , Yuanda Song , Wenlong Sun
Introduction
Tamarix chinensis Lour (TCL) is a known arid plant belonging to the family Tamaricaceae, widely distributed near the Yellow River Delta, northeastern Shandong Province of China. The researchers have mainly focused on heat and salt alkaline resistance properties of TCL, but recently, it has gained significant attention for its wide range of pharmacological and therapeutically bioactive ingredients. The flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, volatiles, and other miscellaneous compounds are vital bioactive substances that demonstrate hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardio-protective, lung protection, anticancer, anti-complement, antidiabetic, neurological protection, and other bioactivities. This comprehensive review summarized the traditional medicinal uses, phytochemistry, therapeutic potential, and mechanistic insights, consolidating the current research on the medicinal potential of TCL.
Methods
The information about TCL was collected from different reliable scholarly resources, like Chinese digital library, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed. Molecular docking was used to predict the interaction between six major compounds (Ellagic acid, Gallic acid, Isorhamnetin, Kaempferol, Quercetin, and Tamarixetin) and four target proteins, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα).
Results
These compounds demonstrated a significant binding affinity to TNF-alpha and ellagic acid showed bonding with IL-6 and showed the potential effects as antitumor and anti-inflammatory.
Conclusion
There is a critical need to deepen the understanding of the mechanisms of therapeutic properties underlying TCL efficacy and to establish robust quality standards and regulatory frameworks that ensure safety comparable to that of Western pharmaceuticals. The current evidence on the pharmacological properties of this plant explores that this plant could be a hopeful contender for drug development.
{"title":"Unveiling the pharmacological promise of Tamarix chinensis Lour: An integrative review of phytochemical constituents, therapeutic potentials, and mechanistic pathways","authors":"Muhammad Tariq Saeed , Jinghao Zhao , Hassan Mohamed , Tahira Naz , Bushra Iqbal , Asmaa S. Ramadan , Hafiz Muhammad Saleem Akhtar , Molalign Assefa , Hina Khalid , Yuanda Song , Wenlong Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100722","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100722","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div><em>Tamarix chinensis</em> Lour (TCL) is a known arid plant belonging to the family <em>Tamaricaceae,</em> widely distributed near the Yellow River Delta, northeastern Shandong Province of China. The researchers have mainly focused on heat and salt alkaline resistance properties of TCL, but recently, it has gained significant attention for its wide range of pharmacological and therapeutically bioactive ingredients. The flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, volatiles, and other miscellaneous compounds are vital bioactive substances that demonstrate hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardio-protective, lung protection, anticancer, anti-complement, antidiabetic, neurological protection, and other bioactivities. This comprehensive review summarized the traditional medicinal uses, phytochemistry, therapeutic potential, and mechanistic insights, consolidating the current research on the medicinal potential of TCL<em>.</em></div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The information about TCL was collected from different reliable scholarly resources, like Chinese digital library, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed. Molecular docking was used to predict the interaction between six major compounds (Ellagic acid, Gallic acid, Isorhamnetin, Kaempferol, Quercetin, and Tamarixetin) and four target proteins, <span><span>tumor necrosis factor</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> (TNF-α), <span><span>interleukin 6</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> (IL-6), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>These compounds demonstrated a significant binding affinity to TNF-alpha and ellagic acid showed bonding with IL-6 and showed the potential effects as antitumor and anti-inflammatory.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>There is a critical need to deepen the understanding of the mechanisms of therapeutic properties underlying TCL efficacy and to establish robust quality standards and regulatory frameworks that ensure safety comparable to that of Western pharmaceuticals. The current evidence on the pharmacological properties of this plant explores that this plant could be a hopeful contender for drug development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100722"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145623891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100728
Aishwarya R. Chavan , Omkar S. Ghatge , Roshan R. Kamble , Manish S. Kondawar
<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Laurus nobilis Linn. (Lauraceae),</em> commonly known as Bay Laurel and referred to as Yue Gui Ye in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), has been used for centuries as a culinary spice and a therapeutic herb. It is reputed for its carminative, antiseptic, and anti-inflammatory actions and for promoting digestion and circulation of Qi. Despite widespread usage, the systematic chemical profiling of its non-polar (petroleum ether) extracts remains limited, which constrains standardization efforts and pharmacological validation. Previous studies have largely focused on essential oils obtained by steam distillation, leaving a knowledge gap regarding semi-volatile components uniquely extractable in petroleum ether.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To establish chromatographic fingerprints and to identify major volatile and semi-volatile compounds in the petroleum ether extract of L. nobilis leaves, thereby supporting its quality control and ethnopharmacological relevance. Additionally, to compare the detected compounds with previous literature to identify newly reported and previously confirmed phytoconstituents.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fresh L. nobilis leaves were collected, authenticated, and extracted using petroleum ether (40–60°C) via Soxhlet apparatus. The extract was analyzed by HPTLC using silica gel 60 F₂₅₄ plates and scanned at 366 nm, and by GC–MS using a Shimadzu TQ-8050 HS20 system. Compounds were identified using NIST 2020 library data. Literature between 2010–2024 was systematically reviewed using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to determine the novelty or previously reported nature of each compound.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The HPTLC fingerprint displayed eight major peaks, confirming chemical diversity. GC–MS analysis identified twenty-nine volatile compounds dominated by α-pinene (32.38%), o-cymene (20.06%), γ-terpinene (9.83%), and β-myrcene (7.94%). Comparison with earlier studies revealed that key monoterpenes including α-pinene, β-myrcene, limonene, linalool, and γ-terpinene have been consistently reported in essential oils and organic extracts. However, six detected semi-volatile compounds (tetradecane, hexadecane, pentadecene isomer, benzaldehyde derivative, phytol acetate, and a minor sesquiterpene oxide) appear newly reported for petroleum ether extracts, indicating chemotype broadening beyond essential-oil profiles. Replicate analysis showed less than 2% RSD, confirming analytical consistency.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A chemical fingerprint of Yue Gui Ye was established using GC–MS and HPTLC. The findings confirm the predominance of α-pinene and o-cymene reported extensively in earlier literature, while also highlighting several newly detected constituents unique to petroleum ether extraction. This comparative profiling enhances the understanding of L. nobilis phytochemical diversity and provides reference data for herbal standardization in Trad
{"title":"Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting profile of petroleum ether extract of Laurus nobilis Linn. (Yue Gui Ye) leaves","authors":"Aishwarya R. Chavan , Omkar S. Ghatge , Roshan R. Kamble , Manish S. Kondawar","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100728","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100728","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Laurus nobilis Linn. (Lauraceae),</em> commonly known as Bay Laurel and referred to as Yue Gui Ye in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), has been used for centuries as a culinary spice and a therapeutic herb. It is reputed for its carminative, antiseptic, and anti-inflammatory actions and for promoting digestion and circulation of Qi. Despite widespread usage, the systematic chemical profiling of its non-polar (petroleum ether) extracts remains limited, which constrains standardization efforts and pharmacological validation. Previous studies have largely focused on essential oils obtained by steam distillation, leaving a knowledge gap regarding semi-volatile components uniquely extractable in petroleum ether.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To establish chromatographic fingerprints and to identify major volatile and semi-volatile compounds in the petroleum ether extract of L. nobilis leaves, thereby supporting its quality control and ethnopharmacological relevance. Additionally, to compare the detected compounds with previous literature to identify newly reported and previously confirmed phytoconstituents.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fresh L. nobilis leaves were collected, authenticated, and extracted using petroleum ether (40–60°C) via Soxhlet apparatus. The extract was analyzed by HPTLC using silica gel 60 F₂₅₄ plates and scanned at 366 nm, and by GC–MS using a Shimadzu TQ-8050 HS20 system. Compounds were identified using NIST 2020 library data. Literature between 2010–2024 was systematically reviewed using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to determine the novelty or previously reported nature of each compound.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The HPTLC fingerprint displayed eight major peaks, confirming chemical diversity. GC–MS analysis identified twenty-nine volatile compounds dominated by α-pinene (32.38%), o-cymene (20.06%), γ-terpinene (9.83%), and β-myrcene (7.94%). Comparison with earlier studies revealed that key monoterpenes including α-pinene, β-myrcene, limonene, linalool, and γ-terpinene have been consistently reported in essential oils and organic extracts. However, six detected semi-volatile compounds (tetradecane, hexadecane, pentadecene isomer, benzaldehyde derivative, phytol acetate, and a minor sesquiterpene oxide) appear newly reported for petroleum ether extracts, indicating chemotype broadening beyond essential-oil profiles. Replicate analysis showed less than 2% RSD, confirming analytical consistency.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A chemical fingerprint of Yue Gui Ye was established using GC–MS and HPTLC. The findings confirm the predominance of α-pinene and o-cymene reported extensively in earlier literature, while also highlighting several newly detected constituents unique to petroleum ether extraction. This comparative profiling enhances the understanding of L. nobilis phytochemical diversity and provides reference data for herbal standardization in Trad","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100728"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100723
Anggit Listyacahyani Sunarwidhi , Agung Endro Nugroho , Sri Widyastuti , Ekowati Chasanah , Ari Hernawan , Eka Sunarwidhi Prasedya
Background
Cutaneous melanoma remains a global health issue. While lipid-rich oils have long been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for cancer therapy, brown macroalgae Sargassum also provide lipid derivative compounds with therapeutic potential, including in the modulation of skin diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms of fatty oil compounds from Sargassum species, such as Sargassum polycystum, in relation to cutaneous melanoma remain unexplored.
Methods
UHPLC-HRMS-based untargeted metabolomics was performed to identify the compounds in Sargassum polycystum hexane oil extract (HOE). Identified compounds were then subjected to computational analysis, including network pharmacology analysis, followed by molecular docking (Autodock Vina), molecular dynamics (GROMACS), and GO/KEGG enrichment analysis (DAVID and KEGG mapper). Finally, in vitro anti-oxidant analysis using DPPH assay and B16-F10 melanoma cytotoxic analysis using Resazurin assay were also performed.
Results
Untargeted metabolomics identified 62 drug-like compounds predicted to interact with cutaneous melanoma-related targets. Computational analysis identified Dormatinone, a sterol with strong affinity for PTPN11, an essential oncogenic gene and immune regulator in cutaneous melanoma. Enrichment analysis revealed the role of Sargassum polycystum HOE compounds in oncogenic signaling and immune regulation, while in vitro assays confirmed the extract’s anti-oxidant (IC50 = 0.847 ± 0.02mg/mL) and B16-F10 melanoma cytotoxic activity (IC50 = 0.480 ± 0.0014mg/mL).
Conclusion
These findings indicate the potential of Sargassum polycystum HOE as a sterol-rich extract with anti-cutaneous melanoma activity, providing a basis for further drug development.
{"title":"Mechanistic insights of Sargassum polycystum fatty oil compounds in cutaneous melanoma: in vitro, metabolomics guided-network pharmacology, molecular docking and dynamics approach","authors":"Anggit Listyacahyani Sunarwidhi , Agung Endro Nugroho , Sri Widyastuti , Ekowati Chasanah , Ari Hernawan , Eka Sunarwidhi Prasedya","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cutaneous melanoma remains a global health issue. While lipid-rich oils have long been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for cancer therapy, brown macroalgae Sargassum also provide lipid derivative compounds with therapeutic potential, including in the modulation of skin diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms of fatty oil compounds from Sargassum species, such as <em>Sargassum polycystum</em>, in relation to cutaneous melanoma remain unexplored.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>UHPLC-HRMS-based untargeted metabolomics was performed to identify the compounds in <em>Sargassum polycystum</em> hexane oil extract (HOE). Identified compounds were then subjected to computational analysis, including network pharmacology analysis, followed by molecular docking (Autodock Vina), molecular dynamics (GROMACS), and GO/KEGG enrichment analysis (DAVID and KEGG mapper). Finally, in vitro anti-oxidant analysis using DPPH assay and B16-F10 melanoma cytotoxic analysis using Resazurin assay were also performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Untargeted metabolomics identified 62 drug-like compounds predicted to interact with cutaneous melanoma-related targets. Computational analysis identified Dormatinone, a sterol with strong affinity for PTPN11, an essential oncogenic gene and immune regulator in cutaneous melanoma. Enrichment analysis revealed the role of <em>Sargassum polycystum</em> HOE compounds in oncogenic signaling and immune regulation, while in vitro assays confirmed the extract’s anti-oxidant (IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.847 ± 0.02mg/mL) and B16-F10 melanoma cytotoxic activity (IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.480 ± 0.0014mg/mL).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings indicate the potential <em>of Sargassum polycystum</em> HOE as a sterol-rich extract with anti-cutaneous melanoma activity, providing a basis for further drug development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100723"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100730
Md. Emam Shikdar , H. M. Shadid Hossain Snigdha , Md. Mohaiminul Islam , Md. Showkoth Akbor , Shahinur Rahman , Prottoy Kumar Debnath , Razina Rouf , Muhammad Torequl Islam , Jamil A Shilpi , Shaikh Jamal Uddin
Introduction
Antipsychotic therapy targets the mesolimbic dopaminergic hyperactivity observed in schizophrenia. Drugs such as olanzapine (Zyprexa) alleviate positive symptoms by suppressing this pathway, although they are often associated with adverse effects, including psychomotor slowing. Notably, In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Aegiceras corniculatum (蠟燭果;桐花樹) is documented in classical materia medica for treating pain, swelling, rheumatism, asthma, and diabetes. Its traditional role in analgesia and nociception suggests engagement of central pain-modulating pathways, and together with reported neuromodulatory properties, provides a rationale for evaluating its relevance in schizophrenia.
Methods
Ethanolic leaf extract of A. corniculatum (ACEE) was evaluated in dopamine-induced mouse models using marble burying, dust removal, and trained swim tests. Effects were compared with olanzapine (Zyprexa) (OLN-2) and combination treatments. Phytoconstituents were identified via GC–MS, while molecular docking and ADMET profiling assessed interactions with dopamine D₂ receptors, pharmacokinetics, and safety.
Results
Dopamine (DOP-22) significantly increased compulsive behaviors (marble burying: 13.8 ± 1.5 vs. 10.8 ± 1.9 in controls; dust removal: 141.4 ± 9.3 g vs. 107.1 ± 14.3 g, p < 0.05). OLN-2 reduced both (6.0 ± 0.6 marbles; 42.5 ± 4.9 g). ACEE produced dose-dependent reductions (9.3 ± 1.8 and 8.0 ± 1.8 marbles; 87.3 ± 8.4 g and 64.4 ± 11.2 g). Combined ACEE-250 and OLN-2 yielded stronger suppression (5.7 ± 0.8 marbles; 54.2 ± 6.8 g). In the trained swim test, dopamine improved performance (6.8 ± 2.1 s vs. 10.3 ± 1.7 s), while OLN-2 impaired it (18.7 ± 2.4 s). ACEE caused moderate slowing (15.4 ± 1.3 s), suggesting partial preservation of psychomotor function. Docking revealed BOPC as the strongest D₂ ligand (-9.1 kcal/mol), while more abundant compounds (PPD, BEA, MDT) showed moderate affinities with favorable ADMET characteristics.
Conclusion
ACEE demonstrated antipsychotic-like activity through dopaminergic modulation, with an additive effect when combined with OLN-2, and showed a milder impact on psychomotor performance. Supported by traditional use and preliminary modern analyses, A. corniculatum warrants further investigation as a potential complementary source of dopaminergically active compounds.
抗精神病药物治疗的目标是在精神分裂症中观察到的中边缘多巴胺能亢进。奥氮平（再普乐）等药物通过抑制这一途径来缓解阳性症状，尽管它们通常伴有不良反应，包括精神运动减慢。值得注意的是，在中医（TCM）中，羊角草（;）被记录在经典药材中，用于治疗疼痛，肿胀，风湿病，哮喘和糖尿病。它在镇痛和伤害感觉中的传统作用表明中枢疼痛调节通路的参与，以及已报道的神经调节特性，为评估其在精神分裂症中的相关性提供了基本原理。方法采用大理石掩埋法、除尘法和训练游泳法对多巴胺诱导的小鼠模型进行评价。比较奥氮平（再普乐）（OLN-2）及联合治疗的疗效。通过GC-MS鉴定植物成分，分子对接和ADMET分析评估与多巴胺D₂受体的相互作用、药代动力学和安全性。结果多巴胺（dop22）显著增加强迫行为（大理石掩埋组：13.8±1.5比10.8±1.9，除尘组：141.4±9.3 g比107.1±14.3 g, p < 0.05）。OLN-2减少了两者（6.0±0.6 g; 42.5±4.9 g）。ACEE产生剂量依赖性减少（9.3±1.8和8.0±1.8 μ g; 87.3±8.4 g和64.4±11.2 g）。ACEE-250和OLN-2联合抑制效果更强（5.7±0.8弹；54.2±6.8 g）。在训练游泳实验中，多巴胺能提高游泳成绩（6.8±2.1 s vs. 10.3±1.7 s），而OLN-2则能降低游泳成绩（18.7±2.4 s）。ACEE引起中度减慢（15.4±1.3 s），提示精神运动功能部分保留。对接发现BOPC是最强的D₂配体（-9.1 kcal/mol），而更丰富的化合物（PPD， BEA， MDT）表现出中等的亲和力，具有良好的ADMET特性。结论acee通过多巴胺能调节表现出抗精神病样活性，与OLN-2联用具有加性作用，对精神运动表现的影响较轻。在传统用途和初步现代分析的支持下，黄芩作为多巴胺活性化合物的潜在补充来源值得进一步研究。
{"title":"Antipsychotic effect of Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco: Evidence from murine behavioral assays and computational studies","authors":"Md. Emam Shikdar , H. M. Shadid Hossain Snigdha , Md. Mohaiminul Islam , Md. Showkoth Akbor , Shahinur Rahman , Prottoy Kumar Debnath , Razina Rouf , Muhammad Torequl Islam , Jamil A Shilpi , Shaikh Jamal Uddin","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Antipsychotic therapy targets the mesolimbic dopaminergic hyperactivity observed in schizophrenia. Drugs such as olanzapine (Zyprexa) alleviate positive symptoms by suppressing this pathway, although they are often associated with adverse effects, including psychomotor slowing. Notably, In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), <em>Aegiceras corniculatum</em> (蠟燭果;桐花樹) is documented in classical materia medica for treating pain, swelling, rheumatism, asthma, and diabetes. Its traditional role in analgesia and nociception suggests engagement of central pain-modulating pathways, and together with reported neuromodulatory properties, provides a rationale for evaluating its relevance in schizophrenia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Ethanolic leaf extract of <em>A. corniculatum</em> (ACEE) was evaluated in dopamine-induced mouse models using marble burying, dust removal, and trained swim tests. Effects were compared with olanzapine (Zyprexa) (OLN-2) and combination treatments. Phytoconstituents were identified via GC–MS, while molecular docking and ADMET profiling assessed interactions with dopamine D₂ receptors, pharmacokinetics, and safety.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Dopamine (DOP-22) significantly increased compulsive behaviors (marble burying: 13.8 ± 1.5 vs. 10.8 ± 1.9 in controls; dust removal: 141.4 ± 9.3 g vs. 107.1 ± 14.3 g, <em>p</em> < 0.05). OLN-2 reduced both (6.0 ± 0.6 marbles; 42.5 ± 4.9 g). ACEE produced dose-dependent reductions (9.3 ± 1.8 and 8.0 ± 1.8 marbles; 87.3 ± 8.4 g and 64.4 ± 11.2 g). Combined ACEE-250 and OLN-2 yielded stronger suppression (5.7 ± 0.8 marbles; 54.2 ± 6.8 g). In the trained swim test, dopamine improved performance (6.8 ± 2.1 s vs. 10.3 ± 1.7 s), while OLN-2 impaired it (18.7 ± 2.4 s). ACEE caused moderate slowing (15.4 ± 1.3 s), suggesting partial preservation of psychomotor function. Docking revealed BOPC as the strongest D₂ ligand (-9.1 kcal/mol), while more abundant compounds (PPD, BEA, MDT) showed moderate affinities with favorable ADMET characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>ACEE demonstrated antipsychotic-like activity through dopaminergic modulation, with an additive effect when combined with OLN-2, and showed a milder impact on psychomotor performance. Supported by traditional use and preliminary modern analyses, <em>A. corniculatum</em> warrants further investigation as a potential complementary source of dopaminergically active compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100730"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145694954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Retraction notice to “Enhancements of Bcl-2/mTOR/ERK1/2 activities by antioxidant mechanisms confer cardioprotection on Ginkgo biloba supplement against isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats” [Pharmacological Research – Modern Chinese Medicine 8 (2023) 100293]","authors":"Jerome Ndudi Asiwe , Benneth Ben-Azu , Godwin D. Yovwin , Santos Ehizokhale Ehebha , Vincent-Junior Onoriode Igben , Endurance Efe Ahama , Akpevwoghene Agbatutu , Tarela Melish Elias Daubry , Benjamin Oritsemuelebi , Emuesiri Goodies Moke","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100705","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100705"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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