Pharmacological Research - Natural Products最新文献_第8页

Antimicrobial and antioxidant natural products from the ethyl acetate-fraction of cold methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Centaurea perrottetii L. 半人马花地上部冷甲醇提取物乙酸乙酯部分的抗菌和抗氧化天然产物。

Pharmacological Research - Natural Products

Pub Date : 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100477

Jonathan Ilemona Achika , Joy Cecilia Atawodi , Sunday Ene-Ojo Atawodi , Rachael Gbekele-Oluwa Ayo

The objective of this work was to identify and characterize phytochemicals with antibacterial and antioxidant properties found in the ethyl acetate extract of Centaurea perrottetii's aerial parts. Cold methanolic extract of the pulverized plant material was dissolved in water to yield the water-soluble and water-insoluble fractions that were successively and exhaustively partitioned using hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The ethyl acetate fraction was further purified by column chromatography, yielding fraction "F4", which was analyzed by Ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant potential of F4 was evaluated using a battery of assays, including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) scavenging capacity, while the antimicrobial activity was assessed against common pathogens using standard microbiological methods. FTIR analysis of fraction F4 indicated the presence of key functional groups, including hydroxyl (–OH) at 3649 cm⁻¹ , carbonyl (CO) at 1729 cm⁻¹ , and C–H stretching vibrations at 2922 cm⁻¹ . The UV spectrum showed an absorption maximum at 341 nm, while the GCMS analysis revealed a diverse phytochemical profile, including cetene, which could contribute significantly to its moderate antioxidant effect and antimicrobial efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria and fungal pathogens, making it a promising candidate for the development of antimicrobial agents.

本研究的目的是鉴定和表征半人马花地上部乙酸乙酯提取物中具有抗菌和抗氧化特性的植物化学物质。将植物粉末状物料的冷甲醇萃取物溶于水，得到水溶性和不水溶性馏分，用己烷、乙酸乙酯和甲醇依次彻底分割。通过柱层析进一步纯化乙酸乙酯部分，得到“F4”部分，通过紫外（UV）光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析。通过一系列试验评估F4的抗氧化潜力，包括1,1-二苯基-2-苦味酰肼（DPPH）自由基清除能力、铁离子还原抗氧化能力（FRAP）、总抗氧化能力（TAC）和过氧化氢（H2O2）清除能力，同时使用标准微生物学方法评估F4对常见病原体的抗菌活性。FTIR对F4片段的分析表明了关键官能团的存在，包括羟基（-OH）在3649 cm⁻¹ ，羰基（CO）在1729 cm⁻¹ ，C-H伸展振动在2922 cm⁻¹ 。紫外光谱显示其在341 nm处最大吸收，而GCMS分析显示其具有多种植物化学特征，包括辛烯，这可能有助于其对革兰氏阴性菌和真菌病原体的适度抗氧化和抗菌作用，使其成为开发抗菌药物的有希望的候选者。

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引用次数: 0

Efficacy and safety of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) in the management of menopausal symptoms Withania somnifera （Ashwagandha）治疗绝经期症状的有效性和安全性

Pharmacological Research - Natural Products

Pub Date : 2025-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100478

Acharya Balkrishna , Ankita Kukreti , Nidhi Sharma , Deepika Srivastava , Vedpriya Arya

Menopause is a natural transition in a woman’s life often accompanied by symptoms such as stress, vasomotor disturbances, bone health decline, cognitive challenges, and sleep disruptions. Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), a valued adaptogen in traditional medicine, has gained attention for its potential to manage these symptoms. This review explores the efficacy and safety of Withania somnifera in addressing menopausal challenges. Key focus areas include its role in reducing stress and anxiety, alleviating vasomotor symptoms like hot flashes and night sweats, enhancing bone health and muscle strength, improving cognitive functions such as memory and mood stability, and promoting better sleep quality. Scientific evidence from clinical and preclinical studies underscores W. somnifera’s adaptogenic and restorative properties. Additionally, this review discusses potential side effects, optimal dosages, and safety considerations, supported by case studies to ensure an informed approach to its therapeutic use. The findings suggest that W. somnifera holds promise as a natural, multi-targeted intervention for improving the quality of life in menopausal women, warranting further research to validate its comprehensive benefits.

更年期是女性生命中的一个自然过渡，通常伴随着压力、血管舒缩障碍、骨骼健康下降、认知挑战和睡眠中断等症状。Ashwagandha （Withania somnifera）是传统医学中一种有价值的适应原，因其治疗这些症状的潜力而受到关注。这篇综述探讨了Withania somnifera在解决更年期挑战中的有效性和安全性。重点关注的领域包括它在减轻压力和焦虑、缓解血管舒缩症状（如潮热和盗汗）、增强骨骼健康和肌肉力量、改善认知功能（如记忆力和情绪稳定性）以及促进更好的睡眠质量方面的作用。来自临床和临床前研究的科学证据强调了睡眠草的适应性和恢复特性。此外，本综述讨论了潜在的副作用、最佳剂量和安全性考虑，并通过案例研究提供支持，以确保其治疗使用的知情方法。研究结果表明，春笋草有望作为一种天然的、多目标的干预措施，改善更年期妇女的生活质量，需要进一步的研究来验证其综合效益。

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引用次数: 0

Safety evaluation of TurmiZn complexes: 90 days repeated dose sub-chronic toxicity study TurmiZn复合物安全性评价：90天重复给药亚慢性毒性研究

Pharmacological Research - Natural Products

Pub Date : 2025-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100468

Pallav Gandhi , Shital Panchal , Ajay Srivastava , Jamil Talukder , Daniel J. DuBourdieu , Sakshi Saini

TurmiZn is a novel formulation composed of curcuminoids chelated by zinc metal to form complexes. Curcuminoids are reported for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Zinc is known to be beneficial in immunity and metabolic functions. The purpose of the study is to determine the safe dose of TurmiZn with subchronic 90 days repeated dose toxicity study in rats. In accordance with OECD guidelines 408, dosages of 125, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg were administered, with an additional satellite group included for comparison. Throughout the treatment period, body weight and food intake were systematically monitored. Upon conclusion of the study, hematological and biochemical parameters were assessed, and tissues were collected for morphological and histopathological examinations. The administration of TurmiZn resulted in no mortality, and changes in body weight and food intake were statistically insignificant. While several hematological and biochemical parameters exhibited significant differences in the highest dosage group compared to the normal control (NC) group, hormonal levels remained unaffected. Morphological and histopathological analyses revealed no signs of lesions across any groups. Given that the observed significant differences in hematological parameters remained within normal physiological ranges and no histopathological lesions were detected, it can be concluded that TurmiZn is safe for use in rodent models.

TurmiZn是一种由姜黄素与金属锌螯合形成配合物组成的新型制剂。姜黄素具有抗氧化、抗炎和镇痛作用。锌被认为对免疫和代谢功能有益。本研究旨在通过大鼠亚慢性90天重复给药毒性研究，确定TurmiZn的安全剂量。按照经合组织准则408，给药剂量为125、250、500和1000 mg/kg，并加入另一个卫星组进行比较。在整个治疗期间，系统监测体重和食物摄入量。研究结束后，评估血液学和生化参数，并收集组织进行形态学和组织病理学检查。服用TurmiZn后没有死亡，体重和食物摄入量的变化在统计学上不显著。虽然与正常对照组（NC）相比，最高剂量组的一些血液学和生化参数表现出显著差异，但激素水平未受影响。形态学和组织病理学分析均未发现任何组间病变迹象。鉴于观察到的血液学参数的显著差异保持在正常的生理范围内，并且未检测到组织病理学病变，可以得出结论，TurmiZn在啮齿动物模型中是安全的。

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引用次数: 0

Phenolic profiling and antioxidant activity assessment of selected extracts from the leaves of the Algerian endemic plant Anthemis secundiramea (Asteraceae) 阿尔及利亚特有植物菊花（菊科）叶片提取物的酚类分析及抗氧化活性评价

Pharmacological Research - Natural Products

Pub Date : 2025-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100480

Mellouk Karima , Charef Azzeddine , Chohra Djawhara , Ferchichi Loubna

Anthemis secundiramea is an endemic species of the Asteraceae family, native to northeastern Algeria. Despite its unique presence in this region, a comprehensive phytochemical study focusing on its phenolic content has not yet been conducted. In this work, we obtained four leaf extracts of this species using ultrasonic extraction with different solvents.To quantify the phenolic compounds present in the aerial parts (leaves) of Anthemis secundiramea, we conducted several analyses to determine their phenolic composition and antioxidant activity. Two qualitative and quantitative colorimetric methods, employing specific reagents, were used. The results confirmed that this plant is indeed rich in phenolic compounds. Antioxidant activities were evaluated using two different assays: the free radical scavenging test (DPPH) and the ferric reducing antioxidant power test (FRAP).Additionally, the phenolic profiles of the extracts were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode-array detector (HPLC/DAD). Among the various extracts studied, the methanol/water extract exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity (IC50: 1.42 ± 0.01) and contained the highest levels of total phenols (109.159 ± 12.213 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoids (95.44 ± 3.93 mg QE/g). The HPLC/DAD analysis also revealed that the leaves of Anthemis secundiramea are particularly rich in catechin, cinnamic acid, and coumaric acid.This study highlights the antioxidant potential of Anthemis secundiramea, emphasizing its richness in bioactive compounds. Further exploration is needed to fully understand the role of these bioactive compounds in herbal drug development, potentially paving the way for new natural antioxidant sources.

菊花（Anthemis secundiamea）是菊科的特有种，原产于阿尔及利亚东北部。尽管它在该地区的独特存在，但尚未对其酚含量进行全面的植物化学研究。在本工作中，我们用不同的溶剂超声波提取得到了四种该植物的叶提取物。为了定量测定菊花（Anthemis secundiamea）地上部分（叶片）中酚类化合物的含量，我们对其酚类成分和抗氧化活性进行了分析。采用两种定性和定量比色法，均采用特定试剂。结果证实，这种植物确实富含酚类化合物。采用自由基清除试验（DPPH）和铁还原抗氧化能力试验（FRAP）两种不同的方法评价其抗氧化活性。此外，采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器（HPLC/DAD）测定了提取物的酚类特征。其中，甲醇/水提取物的抗氧化能力最强（IC50: 1.42 ± 0.01），总酚含量最高（109.159 ± 12.213 mg GAE/g），总黄酮含量最高（95.44 ± 3.93 mg QE/g）。HPLC/DAD分析还发现，菊花叶中含有丰富的儿茶素、肉桂酸和香豆酸。本研究强调了菊花的抗氧化潜力，强调了其丰富的生物活性化合物。需要进一步的探索，以充分了解这些生物活性化合物在草药开发中的作用，潜在地为新的天然抗氧化剂来源铺平道路。

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引用次数: 0

Pharmacological effects and multi-system synergistic mechanisms of verbascoside 毛蕊花苷的药理作用及多系统协同作用机制

Pharmacological Research - Natural Products

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100479

Luping Rao , Dexian Zeng , Yanhua Wang

Verbascoside (VB), a phenylpropanoid glycoside, has attracted considerable interest for its broad pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and metabolic regulatory effects. This review systematically examines the biological effects of VB across multiple physiological systems— immunity, metabolism, oxidative stress and nervous system. It further explores the crosstalk and synergistic interactions among these systems to clarify the mechanistic basis of VB’s multi-target therapeutic potential. By integrating current evidence, this review aims to offer novel perspectives on the application of VB in disease prevention and treatment, thereby informing future translational research and clinical development.

马鞭草糖苷（Verbascoside， VB）是一种苯基丙烷类糖苷，因其具有抗氧化、抗炎、神经保护和代谢调节等广泛的药理作用而受到广泛关注。本文综述了VB在免疫、代谢、氧化应激和神经系统等多个生理系统中的生物学作用。它进一步探讨了这些系统之间的串扰和协同相互作用，以阐明VB多靶点治疗潜力的机制基础。通过整合现有证据，本综述旨在为VB在疾病预防和治疗中的应用提供新的视角，从而为未来的转化研究和临床开发提供信息。

引用次数: 0

Mucuna (Mucuna pruriens L.) seed-enriched diet suppresses ACE Gene expression and enhances antioxidant capacity in hypertensive rats Mucuna （Mucuna pruriens L.）富含种子的饮食抑制高血压大鼠ACE基因表达并增强抗氧化能力

Pharmacological Research - Natural Products

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100481

Opeyemi B. Ogunsuyi , Olufunke F. Ajeigbe , Idowu S. Oyeleye , Ganiyu Oboh

Hypertension and its associated conditions are major contributors to hypertension-related deaths. Mucuna (Mucuna pruriens L.) seeds are leguminous seeds, rich in protein and nutrients, with known medicinal and therapeutic properties in folklore. However, the specific chemistry of Mucuna seed' anti-hypertensive properties is not fully understood. In this study, we explored the impact of incorporating Mucuna seed into two different diets (5 % and 10 %) on blood pressure, redox status, enzyme activities, and gene expression level in Nω-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester hydrochloride (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats. The levels of nitric oxide (NO) were elevated, and arginase activity was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in hypertensive rats (n = 7) fed diets supplemented with Mucuna seed (5 % and 10 %) when compared with the hypertensive rats’ group. We observed a notable reduction in elevated ACE activity and downregulation of the upregulated ACE-1 mRNA gene expressed in hypertensive rats fed diets supplemented with Mucuna seed. Notably, the antioxidant status of the hypertensive rats was improved in Mucuna seed-treated rats through the elevation in glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities and subsequent significant upregulation in the expression level of regulator gene nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2). The HPLC–DAD screening revealed the presence of the major flavonoids gallic acid, quercetin, and rutin. This study identifies Mucuna as a potent inhibitor of the ACE-1 gene involved in improving an antioxidant system through interaction with the Nrf-2 gene.

高血压及其相关疾病是高血压相关死亡的主要原因。Mucuna （Mucuna pruriens L.）种子是豆科植物的种子，富含蛋白质和营养物质，在民间传说中具有已知的药用和治疗特性。然而，Mucuna种子抗高血压特性的具体化学成分尚不完全清楚。在这项研究中，我们探讨了在两种不同的饮食中添加粘豆籽（5 %和10 %）对n ω-硝基- l-精氨酸-甲基酯盐盐（L-NAME）诱导的高血压大鼠的血压、氧化还原状态、酶活性和基因表达水平的影响。与高血压大鼠组相比，饲粮中添加黏液籽（5 %和10 %）的高血压大鼠（n = 7）一氧化氮（NO）水平升高，精氨酸酶活性显著降低（P <； 0.05）。我们观察到，在添加了粘豆籽的饮食中，高血压大鼠升高的ACE活性显著降低，上调的ACE-1 mRNA基因表达下调。值得注意的是，通过提高谷胱甘肽- s转移酶、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶的活性，并随后显著上调调节基因核因子-红细胞因子2相关因子2 （Nrf-2）的表达水平，粘豆种子处理的高血压大鼠的抗氧化状态得到改善。HPLC-DAD筛选显示主要黄酮类化合物没食子酸、槲皮素和芦丁的存在。本研究发现，Mucuna是一种有效的ACE-1基因抑制剂，通过与Nrf-2基因相互作用，参与改善抗氧化系统。

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引用次数: 0

Network pharmacology analysis of Simarouba glauca bioactive molecules reveals potential therapeutic targets and mechanistic insights into cancer 青光眼生物活性分子的网络药理学分析揭示了潜在的治疗靶点和治疗癌症的机制

Pharmacological Research - Natural Products

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100475

Janaranjani Murugesan , Hemamalini Vedagiri , Premkumar Kumpati , Jeyakanthan Jeyaraman

Simarouba glauca, known as dysentery bark, a medicinally important plant has a rich source of secondary metabolites with a wide therapeutic spectrum. Different extracts of the leaf, seed and bark have demonstrated promising effects against cancer studies including breast, liver, lung cancer, etc. However, the precise identification of molecular targets that interact with the secondary metabolites is still unexplored. Network pharmacology(NP) is an integrated approach that helps in the identification of targets specific to the small molecules derived from various sources. It integrates different algorithms on molecule specific target identification, protein-protein interaction(PPI) network analysis and their related pathways. This study attempts to identify the cellular targets for the small molecules from Simarouba glauca using network pharmacology approach. Bioactive small molecules of the plant were retrieved from literature and their molecular targets were identified by integrating cancer PPI network and small molecules-target network. Top hub genes, PARP1, PIK3R1, ADAM17, NOX4, IL6, IL1B, AKT1, ALB, ESR1, SRC, TNF, EGFR, BCL2, STAT3, HIF1A, CASP3, MTOR were identified and functional enrichment analysis of the gene targets indicated their involvement in cell proliferation, evading apoptosis and angiogenesis. Further small molecules-target network, biochemical and drug-likeliness properties, Molecular docking and simulation analysis revealed Idelalisib, Melianone, Methyl reserpate and Phthalic acid as the most potent therapeutic molecules with anti-cancer effects against the hub genes. This study enabled the identification of potential therapeutic cancer targets for the small molecules derived from Simarouba glauca through an integrated in silico approach.

西马芦巴（Simarouba glauca），俗称痢疾树皮，是一种重要的药用植物，具有丰富的次生代谢物来源，具有广泛的治疗作用。叶子、种子和树皮的不同提取物已被证明对癌症有很好的疗效，包括乳腺癌、肝癌、肺癌等。然而，与次生代谢物相互作用的分子靶点的精确鉴定仍未得到探索。网络药理学（NP）是一种综合性的方法，有助于识别来自各种来源的小分子特异性靶标。它集成了分子特异性靶点识别、蛋白-蛋白相互作用（PPI）网络分析及其相关途径的不同算法。本研究试图利用网络药理学方法鉴定青花小分子的细胞靶点。从文献中检索植物中具有生物活性的小分子，通过整合肿瘤PPI网络和小分子-靶点网络，鉴定其分子靶点。鉴定出顶级枢纽基因PARP1、PIK3R1、ADAM17、NOX4、IL6、IL1B、AKT1、ALB、ESR1、SRC、TNF、EGFR、BCL2、STAT3、HIF1A、CASP3、MTOR，功能富集分析表明这些基因靶点参与细胞增殖、逃避凋亡和血管生成。进一步的小分子-靶点网络、生化和药物可能性特性、分子对接和模拟分析表明，Idelalisib、Melianone、reserpate和Phthalic acid是对枢纽基因具有抗癌作用的最有效的治疗分子。本研究通过集成的计算机方法，确定了从青光眼小分子中提取的潜在治疗癌症靶点。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating the antiangiogenic potential of Clerodendrum infortunatum Linn. through chorioallantoic membrane image analysis 黄竹抗血管生成潜能的评价。通过绒毛膜尿囊膜图像分析

Pharmacological Research - Natural Products

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100476

Seema Bhatnagar , Hunter Mathias Gill , Sharon Niharika Arava , Ishita Bharti , Praveen Kumar Singh , Nidhi Srivastava , Vandana Mehra , Naside Mangir , Sarath Chandra Janga

Background

Clerodendrum infortunatum Linn has long been valued in traditional medicine for its therapeutic properties. Phytochemical studies have revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds that contribute to its anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Since inflammation and angiogenesis are strongly correlated, this study investigated novel bioactive compounds in the ethyl acetate root extract of C. infortunatum and evaluated their antiangiogenic potential

Methods

Roots were subjected to sequential solvent extraction using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Extracts testing positive for phytochemicals were analysed through LC-MS, GC-MS, and NMR. Newly identified compounds were docked against VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 to predict key interactions and estimate binding energies by the MM/GBSA approach. Antiangiogenic activity was further assessed via vitro assays, including cell proliferation and scratch wound healing in MiaPaCa-2 and Panc-1 cell lines. In vivo activity was evaluated by in ovo CAM assay. Additionally, a deep learning–based automated imaging protocol was developed for CAM vasculature quantification, pretrained on retina fundus images and validated on in ovo and ex ovo datasets.

Results

Ethyl acetate root extracts revealed unique compounds, including (±) Pinorescinol, Baicalin, Datiscin, Wogonoside, and Cornuside, showing strong binding affinities to VEGFR2 and VEGFR1. The extract exhibited potent antiangiogenic activity with IC₅₀ values of 4.5 and 4.65 µg/ml in MiaPaCa-2 and Panc-1 cells, respectively. Scratch assays confirmed reduced cell migration. The deep learning framework achieved robust segmentation with IoU scores up to 0.83 and AUC-ROC of 0.86.

Conclusion

This study identifies novel antiangiogenic compounds in C. infortunatum and introduces an innovative automated imaging pipeline for angiogenesis research.

长尾藤因其治疗作用在传统医学中一直受到重视。植物化学研究揭示了其生物碱、类黄酮、萜类和酚类化合物的存在，有助于其抗癌和抗炎活性。由于炎症和血管生成密切相关，本研究从黄樟根乙酸乙酯提取物中提取了新的生物活性化合物，并评估了它们的抗血管生成潜力。方法：根经己烷、氯仿、乙酸乙酯和甲醇连续溶剂提取。通过LC-MS， GC-MS和NMR对植物化学成分检测阳性的提取物进行分析。新鉴定的化合物与VEGFR1和VEGFR2对接，通过MM/GBSA方法预测关键相互作用并估计结合能。通过体外实验进一步评估抗血管生成活性，包括MiaPaCa-2和Panc-1细胞系的细胞增殖和划伤愈合。用卵内CAM测定其体内活性。此外，还开发了一种基于深度学习的自动成像协议，用于CAM血管定量，对视网膜眼底图像进行预训练，并在卵和卵外数据集上进行验证。结果乙酸乙酯根提取物中含有（±）pinrescinol、Baicalin、datatiscin、Wogonoside和Cornuside，与VEGFR2和VEGFR1具有较强的结合亲和力。该提取物在MiaPaCa-2和Panc-1细胞中表现出有效的抗血管生成活性，IC₅0值分别为4.5和4.65 µg/ml。划痕试验证实细胞迁移减少。深度学习框架实现了鲁棒分割，IoU得分高达0.83，AUC-ROC为0.86。结论本研究鉴定了黄皮草中新的抗血管生成化合物，为血管生成研究提供了新的自动化成像管道。

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引用次数: 0

Chemico-pharmacological evaluation of Ficus benjamina L. (Weeping Fig) leaf extracts: GC–MS/MS profiling, pharmacological screening, and computer-aided approaches 榕叶提取物的化学药理学评价：GC-MS /MS分析、药理学筛选和计算机辅助方法

Pharmacological Research - Natural Products

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100473

Fahmida Tasnim Richi , Mohammad Abdullah Taher , Asaduzzaman , Sefat Hasan Sumaiya , Suriya Akter Shompa , Mahathir Mohammad , Hasin Hasnat , Mashiur Rahman , Safaet Alam

Ficus benjamina L., commonly known as the weeping fig, is a tropical Asian plant rich in bioactive compounds. This study focused on the identification and analytical characterization of phytoconstituents from its leaves using GC-MS/MS, identifying eighteen distinct compounds from a complex natural matrix. The methanolic extract also exhibited multifunctional biological activities through in vitro, in vivo and in silico evaluations relevant to functional food and phytotherapy applications. Total phenolic content was 39.15 mg GAE/g extract, and antioxidant capacity was demonstrated by a DPPH IC₅₀ of 66.89±0.41 μg/mL (compared to 22.14±0.001 μg/mL for BHT). Moderate cytotoxicity was observed in the brine shrimp lethality assay (LC₅₀ = 6.60±1.44 μg/mL). Antimicrobial activity showed inhibition zones of 9–14 mm against the tested microbes. Analgesic effects were confirmed by a 48.97±5.40 % reduction in acetic acid-induced writhing at 400 mg/kg, while the castor oil-induced diarrhea model revealed dose-dependent antidiarrheal activity, with 48.38 % inhibition at same dose. Molecular docking of the identified phytochemicals against kappa and mu-opioid receptors, epidermal growth factor receptor, dihydrofolate reductase, and urate oxidase receptor supported the observed bioactivities, and ADME/T analysis indicated favorable drug-likeness and safety profiles. These findings highlight Ficus benjamina as a promising natural source for developing phytotherapeutics, meriting further optimization and mechanistic studies.

榕树（Ficus benjamina L.），俗称垂枝榕，是一种富含生物活性化合物的亚洲热带植物。本研究利用GC-MS/MS技术对其叶中植物成分进行了鉴定和分析，从复杂的天然基质中鉴定出18种不同的化合物。通过体外、体内和计算机评价，甲醇提取物显示出与功能性食品和植物治疗应用相关的多功能生物活性。总酚含量为39.15 mg GAE/g提取物，DPPH IC₅₀为66.89±0.41 μg/mL (BHT为22.14±0.001 μg/mL)，证明了抗氧化能力。在卤虾致死试验中观察到中度细胞毒性（LC₅₀= 6.60±1.44 μg/mL）。抑菌活性为9 ~ 14 mm。在400 mg/kg剂量下，醋酸致扭体的镇痛作用降低48.97±5.40 %，而蓖麻油致腹泻模型显示出剂量依赖性的止泻活性，相同剂量下抑制48.38 %。鉴定的植物化学物质对kappa和mu-阿片受体、表皮生长因子受体、二氢叶酸还原酶和尿酸氧化酶受体的分子对接支持观察到的生物活性，ADME/T分析显示良好的药物相似性和安全性。这些发现突出了榕属植物作为一种有前景的天然植物资源，值得进一步优化和机制研究。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring nature’s pharmacy: Herbal interventions for gastric ulcers in diabetic conditions – A mechanistic review 探索自然药房：糖尿病胃溃疡的草药干预-机制综述

Pharmacological Research - Natural Products

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100471

Vikash Sharma , Km. Deeksha , Krishna Kumar

The treatment of gastric ulcers is complicated for diabetic patients, as their high blood sugar levels hinder effective healing. As a result, the body experiences heightened stress and continuous inflammation, which can delay recovery and increase the risk of ulcers reappearing. This review examines the impact of diabetes on the mechanisms involved in the healing of the stomach lining. It indicates that diabetes diminishes the effectiveness of conventional ulcer treatments by altering the body's metabolism of these drugs and impairing its defense mechanisms. New studies emphasize the beneficial effects of natural substances like polyphenols and terpenoids, which possess characteristics that help reduce oxidation and inflammation. Studies emphasize innovative approaches like stem cell therapy, probiotics, and advanced drug delivery methods, including the use of nanotechnology and hydrogels, to tackle the difficulties associated with healing diabetic ulcers. Findings reveal that the use of antioxidant-packed herbs in novel delivery systems can lead to a 40 % improvement in ulcer healing during trials involving diabetic animals. These techniques have the capability to diminish inflammation levels, specifically TNF-α and IL-6, by 30–50 %, and they greatly facilitate the growth of new blood vessels. The results underscore the significance of developing treatment strategies that are tailored to the particular problem and individualized for each patient. This method has the potential to improve outcomes for treating gastric ulcers in diabetic patients and aligns with the journal's objective of disseminating the latest developments in disease management.

对于糖尿病患者来说，胃溃疡的治疗是复杂的，因为他们的高血糖水平阻碍了有效的愈合。因此，身体会经历更大的压力和持续的炎症，这会延迟恢复并增加溃疡再次出现的风险。本文综述了糖尿病对胃粘膜愈合机制的影响。这表明糖尿病通过改变人体对这些药物的代谢和损害其防御机制而降低了传统溃疡治疗的有效性。新的研究强调了天然物质如多酚和萜类化合物的有益作用，它们具有有助于减少氧化和炎症的特性。研究强调创新的方法，如干细胞治疗、益生菌和先进的药物输送方法，包括纳米技术和水凝胶的使用，以解决与糖尿病溃疡愈合相关的困难。研究结果显示，在涉及糖尿病动物的试验中，在新型给药系统中使用抗氧化剂包装的草药可导致溃疡愈合改善40% %。这些技术能够降低炎症水平，特别是TNF-α和IL-6，降低30 - 50% %，并且极大地促进了新血管的生长。研究结果强调了针对每个病人的特殊问题和个性化的治疗策略的重要性。这种方法有可能改善糖尿病胃溃疡患者的治疗效果，并符合该杂志传播疾病管理最新进展的目标。

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