Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1038/s42005-024-01784-6
Young Dae Yoon, Modhuchandra Laishram, Thomas Earle Moore, Gunsu S. Yun
Magnetic flux ropes are pivotal structures and building blocks in astrophysical and laboratory plasmas, and various equilibrium models have thus been studied in the past. However, flux ropes in general form at non-equilibrium, and their pathway from formation to relaxation is a crucial process that determines their eventual properties. Here we show that any localized current parallel to a background magnetic field will evolve into a flux rope via non-equilibrium processes. The detailed kinetic dynamics are exhaustively explained through single-particle and Vlasov analyses and verified through particle-in-cell simulations. This process is consistent with many proposed mechanisms of flux rope generation such as magnetic reconnection. A spacecraft observation of an example flux rope is also presented; by invoking the non-equilibrium process, its structure and properties can be explicated down to all six components of the temperature tensor. Flux ropes are fundamental structures that govern much of the dynamics in astrophysical and space plasmas. The authors show how out-of-equilibrium processes can form small-scale flux ropes and compare them to simulations and spacecraft observations.
{"title":"Non-equilibrium formation and relaxation of magnetic flux ropes at kinetic scales","authors":"Young Dae Yoon, Modhuchandra Laishram, Thomas Earle Moore, Gunsu S. Yun","doi":"10.1038/s42005-024-01784-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-024-01784-6","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic flux ropes are pivotal structures and building blocks in astrophysical and laboratory plasmas, and various equilibrium models have thus been studied in the past. However, flux ropes in general form at non-equilibrium, and their pathway from formation to relaxation is a crucial process that determines their eventual properties. Here we show that any localized current parallel to a background magnetic field will evolve into a flux rope via non-equilibrium processes. The detailed kinetic dynamics are exhaustively explained through single-particle and Vlasov analyses and verified through particle-in-cell simulations. This process is consistent with many proposed mechanisms of flux rope generation such as magnetic reconnection. A spacecraft observation of an example flux rope is also presented; by invoking the non-equilibrium process, its structure and properties can be explicated down to all six components of the temperature tensor. Flux ropes are fundamental structures that govern much of the dynamics in astrophysical and space plasmas. The authors show how out-of-equilibrium processes can form small-scale flux ropes and compare them to simulations and spacecraft observations.","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-024-01784-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142130473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02DOI: 10.1038/s42005-024-01781-9
Aitor De Andres, Shikha Bhadoria, Javier Tello Marmolejo, Alexander Muschet, Peter Fischer, Hamid Reza Barzegar, Thomas Blackburn, Arkady Gonoskov, Dag Hanstorp, Mattias Marklund, Laszlo Veisz
Acceleration of electrons in vacuum directly by intense laser fields holds great promise for the generation of high-charge, ultrashort, relativistic electron bunches. While the energy gain is expected to be higher with tighter focusing, this does not account for the reduced acceleration range, which is limited by diffraction. Here, we present the results of an experimental investigation that exposed nanotips to relativistic few-cycle laser pulses. We demonstrate the vacuum laser acceleration of electron beams with 100s pC charge and 15 MeV energy. Two different focusing geometries, with normalized vector potential a0 of 9.8 and 3.8, produced comparable overall charge and electron spectra, despite a factor of almost ten difference in peak intensity. Our results are in good agreement with 3D particle-in-cell simulations, which indicate the importance of dephasing. Accelerating electrons in vacuum by intense laser fields is a promising yet experimentally challenging field. Here, the authors demonstrate acceleration of 100’s of pC of 15 MeV electrons by shining few-cycle laser pulses on nanotips and further investigate the process by using different focusing geometries that leads to unexpected results.
{"title":"Unforeseen advantage of looser focusing in vacuum laser acceleration","authors":"Aitor De Andres, Shikha Bhadoria, Javier Tello Marmolejo, Alexander Muschet, Peter Fischer, Hamid Reza Barzegar, Thomas Blackburn, Arkady Gonoskov, Dag Hanstorp, Mattias Marklund, Laszlo Veisz","doi":"10.1038/s42005-024-01781-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-024-01781-9","url":null,"abstract":"Acceleration of electrons in vacuum directly by intense laser fields holds great promise for the generation of high-charge, ultrashort, relativistic electron bunches. While the energy gain is expected to be higher with tighter focusing, this does not account for the reduced acceleration range, which is limited by diffraction. Here, we present the results of an experimental investigation that exposed nanotips to relativistic few-cycle laser pulses. We demonstrate the vacuum laser acceleration of electron beams with 100s pC charge and 15 MeV energy. Two different focusing geometries, with normalized vector potential a0 of 9.8 and 3.8, produced comparable overall charge and electron spectra, despite a factor of almost ten difference in peak intensity. Our results are in good agreement with 3D particle-in-cell simulations, which indicate the importance of dephasing. Accelerating electrons in vacuum by intense laser fields is a promising yet experimentally challenging field. Here, the authors demonstrate acceleration of 100’s of pC of 15 MeV electrons by shining few-cycle laser pulses on nanotips and further investigate the process by using different focusing geometries that leads to unexpected results.","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-024-01781-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142130457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02DOI: 10.1038/s42005-024-01788-2
Grigorii P. Mikitik
Specific properties, such as surface Fermi arcs, features of quantum oscillations and of various responses to a magnetic field, distinguish Dirac semimetals from ordinary materials. These properties are determined by Dirac points at which a contact of two electron-energy bands occurs and in the vicinity of which these bands disperse linearly in the quasimomentum. This work shows that almost the same properties are inherent in a wider class of materials in which the Dirac spectrum can have a noticeable gap comparable with the Fermi energy. In other words, the degeneracy of the bands at the point and their linear dispersion are not necessary for the existence of these properties. The only sufficient condition is the following: In the vicinity of such a quasi-Dirac point, the two close bands are well described by a two-band model that takes into account the strong spin-orbit interaction. To illustrate the results, the spectrum of ZrTe5 is considered. This spectrum contains a special quasi-Dirac point, similar to that in bismuth. Dirac semimetals are 3D materials where the conduction and valence bands meet at what are called Dirac points. The author shows that almost all the properties inherent in the Dirac semimetals are exhibited by a wider class of materials that need not have the gapless Dirac points.
{"title":"Quasi-Dirac points in electron-energy spectra of crystals","authors":"Grigorii P. Mikitik","doi":"10.1038/s42005-024-01788-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-024-01788-2","url":null,"abstract":"Specific properties, such as surface Fermi arcs, features of quantum oscillations and of various responses to a magnetic field, distinguish Dirac semimetals from ordinary materials. These properties are determined by Dirac points at which a contact of two electron-energy bands occurs and in the vicinity of which these bands disperse linearly in the quasimomentum. This work shows that almost the same properties are inherent in a wider class of materials in which the Dirac spectrum can have a noticeable gap comparable with the Fermi energy. In other words, the degeneracy of the bands at the point and their linear dispersion are not necessary for the existence of these properties. The only sufficient condition is the following: In the vicinity of such a quasi-Dirac point, the two close bands are well described by a two-band model that takes into account the strong spin-orbit interaction. To illustrate the results, the spectrum of ZrTe5 is considered. This spectrum contains a special quasi-Dirac point, similar to that in bismuth. Dirac semimetals are 3D materials where the conduction and valence bands meet at what are called Dirac points. The author shows that almost all the properties inherent in the Dirac semimetals are exhibited by a wider class of materials that need not have the gapless Dirac points.","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-024-01788-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142130464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02DOI: 10.1038/s42005-024-01791-7
Jing-Dong Bao, Xiang-Rong Wang
Physical aging appears in many systems ranging from glassy/granular materials, blinking quantum dots to laser-cooled atoms. Aging is a process with three fingerprints: (i) slow, non-exponential relaxation, (ii) breaking of time-translation-invariance, and (iii) dynamical scaling. Here, we show that all these features are present in our minimal Langevin model for aging. A natural extension of the Einstein relation, which was expected to be true in an equilibrium state, is conjectured to hold in aging processes where both the damping and the temperature decrease with time in power-law forms. The generalized Einstein relation can be used to tackle the difficult problem of determining non-ergodic behaviours. The model shows a power-law-type diffusion away from the critical point and a logarithmic Sinai-type ultra-slow diffusion at the critical point. Application to granular gases is also discussed. The authors propose a minimal Langevin model with time-dependent noise, diffusion coefficient, and friction coefficient, which is appropriate to describe cooling environments (granular gases, laser cooling). Assuming that the temperature and the friction coefficient decay in a power-law manner, the generalized Einstein relation is analysed.
{"title":"Generalized Einstein relation for aging processes","authors":"Jing-Dong Bao, Xiang-Rong Wang","doi":"10.1038/s42005-024-01791-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-024-01791-7","url":null,"abstract":"Physical aging appears in many systems ranging from glassy/granular materials, blinking quantum dots to laser-cooled atoms. Aging is a process with three fingerprints: (i) slow, non-exponential relaxation, (ii) breaking of time-translation-invariance, and (iii) dynamical scaling. Here, we show that all these features are present in our minimal Langevin model for aging. A natural extension of the Einstein relation, which was expected to be true in an equilibrium state, is conjectured to hold in aging processes where both the damping and the temperature decrease with time in power-law forms. The generalized Einstein relation can be used to tackle the difficult problem of determining non-ergodic behaviours. The model shows a power-law-type diffusion away from the critical point and a logarithmic Sinai-type ultra-slow diffusion at the critical point. Application to granular gases is also discussed. The authors propose a minimal Langevin model with time-dependent noise, diffusion coefficient, and friction coefficient, which is appropriate to describe cooling environments (granular gases, laser cooling). Assuming that the temperature and the friction coefficient decay in a power-law manner, the generalized Einstein relation is analysed.","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-024-01791-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142130452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-31DOI: 10.1038/s42005-024-01774-8
LZ Collaboration
Weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) may interact with a virtual pion that is exchanged between nucleons. This interaction channel is important to consider in models where the spin-independent isoscalar channel is suppressed. Using data from the first science run of the LUX-ZEPLIN dark matter experiment, containing 60 live days of data in a 5.5 tonne fiducial mass of liquid xenon, we report the results on a search for WIMP-pion interactions. We observe no significant excess and set an upper limit of 1.5 × 10−46 cm2 at a 90% confidence level for a WIMP mass of 33 GeV/c2 for this interaction. Cosmological evidence suggests that nonluminous dark matter comprises 27% of the energy density of the universe, with weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) being a favoured candidate. Here, the authors perform a search for WIMP-like dark matter interacting with a virtual particle that is exchanges between xenon nucleons.
{"title":"Probing the scalar WIMP-pion coupling with the first LUX-ZEPLIN data","authors":"LZ Collaboration","doi":"10.1038/s42005-024-01774-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-024-01774-8","url":null,"abstract":"Weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) may interact with a virtual pion that is exchanged between nucleons. This interaction channel is important to consider in models where the spin-independent isoscalar channel is suppressed. Using data from the first science run of the LUX-ZEPLIN dark matter experiment, containing 60 live days of data in a 5.5 tonne fiducial mass of liquid xenon, we report the results on a search for WIMP-pion interactions. We observe no significant excess and set an upper limit of 1.5 × 10−46 cm2 at a 90% confidence level for a WIMP mass of 33 GeV/c2 for this interaction. Cosmological evidence suggests that nonluminous dark matter comprises 27% of the energy density of the universe, with weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) being a favoured candidate. Here, the authors perform a search for WIMP-like dark matter interacting with a virtual particle that is exchanges between xenon nucleons.","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-024-01774-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142100555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-30DOI: 10.1038/s42005-024-01787-3
Jaideep Katuri, Navneet Kaur, William Uspal, Allison Cornelius, David Quashie Jr., Jamel Ali
Ensembles of suspended spinning particles in liquids form a distinct category of active matter systems known as chiral fluids. Recent experimental instances of dense chiral fluids have comprised of spinning colloidal magnets powered by an external rotating magnetic field. These particles interact through both magnetic and hydrodynamic forces, organizing collectively into circulating clusters characterized by unidirectional edge flows. Here, we externally drive the collective behavior of spinning colloids by leveraging diffusiophoretic interactions among the geometrically anisotropic particles. We show that these nanoscale interfacial flows lead to the formation of bound states between spinning colloids that are stabilized through near-field hydrodynamic and chemical interactions. At a collective level, we demonstrate that added diffusiophoretic interactions cause a loss in structural cohesion of the circulating clusters and promote expansion, while preserving global cluster inter-connectivity. The expanded cluster state is characterized by the formation of a dynamic interconnected network promoted by axi-asymmetric interactions around particles with attractive dipolar interactions dominating along the direction of the magnetic moment. This process is observed to be entirely reversible, offering external control over the emergent dynamics in dense chiral fluids, paving the way for new self-organization routes in chiral fluids and broader forms of active matter. Chiral active systems are composed of spinning constituent particles that self-organize into complex structures through hydrodynamic interactions. The authors develop methods to control these self-organized structures by introducing additional chemical interactions between spinning particles.
{"title":"Control of colloidal cohesive states in active chiral fluids","authors":"Jaideep Katuri, Navneet Kaur, William Uspal, Allison Cornelius, David Quashie Jr., Jamel Ali","doi":"10.1038/s42005-024-01787-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-024-01787-3","url":null,"abstract":"Ensembles of suspended spinning particles in liquids form a distinct category of active matter systems known as chiral fluids. Recent experimental instances of dense chiral fluids have comprised of spinning colloidal magnets powered by an external rotating magnetic field. These particles interact through both magnetic and hydrodynamic forces, organizing collectively into circulating clusters characterized by unidirectional edge flows. Here, we externally drive the collective behavior of spinning colloids by leveraging diffusiophoretic interactions among the geometrically anisotropic particles. We show that these nanoscale interfacial flows lead to the formation of bound states between spinning colloids that are stabilized through near-field hydrodynamic and chemical interactions. At a collective level, we demonstrate that added diffusiophoretic interactions cause a loss in structural cohesion of the circulating clusters and promote expansion, while preserving global cluster inter-connectivity. The expanded cluster state is characterized by the formation of a dynamic interconnected network promoted by axi-asymmetric interactions around particles with attractive dipolar interactions dominating along the direction of the magnetic moment. This process is observed to be entirely reversible, offering external control over the emergent dynamics in dense chiral fluids, paving the way for new self-organization routes in chiral fluids and broader forms of active matter. Chiral active systems are composed of spinning constituent particles that self-organize into complex structures through hydrodynamic interactions. The authors develop methods to control these self-organized structures by introducing additional chemical interactions between spinning particles.","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-024-01787-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142100551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1038/s42005-024-01783-7
Zhihan Zhang, Weiyuan Gong, Weikang Li, Dong-Ling Deng
An essential problem in quantum machine learning is to find quantum-classical separations between learning models. However, rigorous and unconditional separations are lacking for supervised learning. Here we construct a classification problem defined by a noiseless constant depth (i.e., shallow) quantum circuit and rigorously prove that any classical neural network with bounded connectivity requires logarithmic depth to output correctly with a larger-than-exponentially-small probability. This unconditional near-optimal quantum-classical representation power separation originates from the quantum nonlocality property that distinguishes quantum circuits from their classical counterparts. We further characterize the noise regimes for demonstrating such a separation on near-term quantum devices under the depolarization noise model. In addition, for quantum devices with constant noise strength, we prove that no super-polynomial classical-quantum separation exists for any classification task defined by Clifford circuits, independent of the structures of the circuits that specify the learning models. An essential problem in quantum machine learning is to find quantum-classical separations between learning models. The authors construct a classification problem based on constant depth quantum circuit to rigorously prove that such a separation exists in terms of representation power, and further characterize the noise regimes for the separation to exist.
{"title":"Quantum-classical separations in shallow-circuit-based learning with and without noises","authors":"Zhihan Zhang, Weiyuan Gong, Weikang Li, Dong-Ling Deng","doi":"10.1038/s42005-024-01783-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-024-01783-7","url":null,"abstract":"An essential problem in quantum machine learning is to find quantum-classical separations between learning models. However, rigorous and unconditional separations are lacking for supervised learning. Here we construct a classification problem defined by a noiseless constant depth (i.e., shallow) quantum circuit and rigorously prove that any classical neural network with bounded connectivity requires logarithmic depth to output correctly with a larger-than-exponentially-small probability. This unconditional near-optimal quantum-classical representation power separation originates from the quantum nonlocality property that distinguishes quantum circuits from their classical counterparts. We further characterize the noise regimes for demonstrating such a separation on near-term quantum devices under the depolarization noise model. In addition, for quantum devices with constant noise strength, we prove that no super-polynomial classical-quantum separation exists for any classification task defined by Clifford circuits, independent of the structures of the circuits that specify the learning models. An essential problem in quantum machine learning is to find quantum-classical separations between learning models. The authors construct a classification problem based on constant depth quantum circuit to rigorously prove that such a separation exists in terms of representation power, and further characterize the noise regimes for the separation to exist.","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-024-01783-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142100554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.1038/s42005-024-01780-w
Leila Abbaspour, Rituparno Mandal, Peter Sollich, Stefan Klumpp
Active matter systems display collective behaviors that are impossible in thermodynamic equilibrium. One such feature, observed in in dense active matter systems is the appearance of long-range velocity correlations without explicit aligning interaction. However, the conditions for the appearance of these correlations remain largely unexplored. Here we show that such long-range velocity correlations can also be generated in a dense athermal passive system by the inclusion of a very small fraction of active Brownian particles. We develop a continuum theory to explain the emergence of velocity correlations generated via such active dopants. We validate the predictions for the effects of magnitude and persistence time of the active force and the area fractions of active and passive particles using extensive Brownian dynamics simulation of a canonical active-passive mixture. Our work decouples the roles that density and activity play in generating long-range velocity correlations in such exotic non-equilibrium steady states. Crowded systems of active particles show collective movement with pronounced velocity correlations. Using simulations and analytical theory, the authors show that very similar movement patterns with the same velocity correlations are found if a small number of randomly moving active particles is added to a dense system of passive particles.
{"title":"Long-range velocity correlations from active dopants","authors":"Leila Abbaspour, Rituparno Mandal, Peter Sollich, Stefan Klumpp","doi":"10.1038/s42005-024-01780-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-024-01780-w","url":null,"abstract":"Active matter systems display collective behaviors that are impossible in thermodynamic equilibrium. One such feature, observed in in dense active matter systems is the appearance of long-range velocity correlations without explicit aligning interaction. However, the conditions for the appearance of these correlations remain largely unexplored. Here we show that such long-range velocity correlations can also be generated in a dense athermal passive system by the inclusion of a very small fraction of active Brownian particles. We develop a continuum theory to explain the emergence of velocity correlations generated via such active dopants. We validate the predictions for the effects of magnitude and persistence time of the active force and the area fractions of active and passive particles using extensive Brownian dynamics simulation of a canonical active-passive mixture. Our work decouples the roles that density and activity play in generating long-range velocity correlations in such exotic non-equilibrium steady states. Crowded systems of active particles show collective movement with pronounced velocity correlations. Using simulations and analytical theory, the authors show that very similar movement patterns with the same velocity correlations are found if a small number of randomly moving active particles is added to a dense system of passive particles.","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-024-01780-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142100546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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