Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1038/s42005-024-01866-5
Jan Cammann, Mixon K. Faluweki, Nayara Dambacher, Lucas Goehring, Marco G. Mazza
Many active systems are capable of forming intriguing patterns at scales significantly larger than the size of their individual constituents. Cyanobacteria are one of the most ancient and important phyla of organisms that has allowed the evolution of more complex life forms. Despite its importance, the role of motility on the pattern formation of their colonies is not understood. Here, we investigate the large-scale collective effects and rich dynamics of gliding filamentous cyanobacteria colonies, while still retaining information about the individual constituents’ dynamics and their interactions. We investigate both the colony’s transient and steady-state dynamics and find good agreement with experiments. We furthermore show that the Péclet number and aligning interaction strength govern the system’s topological transition from an isotropic distribution to a state of large-scale reticulate patterns. Although the system is topologically non-trivial, the parallel and perpendicular pair correlation functions provide structural information about the colony, and thus can be used to extract information about the early stages of biofilm formation. Finally, we find that the effects of the filaments’ length cannot be reduced to a system of interacting points. Our model proves to reproduce both cyanobacteria colonies and systems of biofilaments where curvature is transported by motility. Active matter systems can spontaneously form structure. Using concepts of nonequilibrium statistical physics and experiments, this work demonstrates the existence of a topological transition in filamentous cyanobacteria colonies from an isotropic distribution to dense bundles organized in a reticulate pattern.
{"title":"Topological transition in filamentous cyanobacteria: from motion to structure","authors":"Jan Cammann, Mixon K. Faluweki, Nayara Dambacher, Lucas Goehring, Marco G. Mazza","doi":"10.1038/s42005-024-01866-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-024-01866-5","url":null,"abstract":"Many active systems are capable of forming intriguing patterns at scales significantly larger than the size of their individual constituents. Cyanobacteria are one of the most ancient and important phyla of organisms that has allowed the evolution of more complex life forms. Despite its importance, the role of motility on the pattern formation of their colonies is not understood. Here, we investigate the large-scale collective effects and rich dynamics of gliding filamentous cyanobacteria colonies, while still retaining information about the individual constituents’ dynamics and their interactions. We investigate both the colony’s transient and steady-state dynamics and find good agreement with experiments. We furthermore show that the Péclet number and aligning interaction strength govern the system’s topological transition from an isotropic distribution to a state of large-scale reticulate patterns. Although the system is topologically non-trivial, the parallel and perpendicular pair correlation functions provide structural information about the colony, and thus can be used to extract information about the early stages of biofilm formation. Finally, we find that the effects of the filaments’ length cannot be reduced to a system of interacting points. Our model proves to reproduce both cyanobacteria colonies and systems of biofilaments where curvature is transported by motility. Active matter systems can spontaneously form structure. Using concepts of nonequilibrium statistical physics and experiments, this work demonstrates the existence of a topological transition in filamentous cyanobacteria colonies from an isotropic distribution to dense bundles organized in a reticulate pattern.","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-024-01866-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1038/s42005-024-01870-9
Nikita Stroev, Natalia G. Berloff, Nir Davidson
This research focuses on developing effective benchmarks for quadratic unconstrained binary optimization instances, crucial for evaluating the performance of Ising hardware and solvers. Currently, the field lacks accessible and reproducible models for systematically testing such systems, particularly in terms of detailed phase space characterization. Here, we introduce universal generative models based on an extension of Hebb’s rule of associative memory with asymmetric pattern weights. We conduct comprehensive calculations across different scales and dynamical equations, examining outcomes like the probabilities of reaching the ground state, planted state, spurious state, or other energy levels. Additionally, the generated problems reveal properties such as the easy-hard-easy complexity transition and complex solution cluster structures. This method offers a promising platform for analyzing and understanding the behavior of physical hardware and its simulations, contributing to future advancements in optimization technologies. The authors present a method for creating generative models that produce test instances for quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problems, inspired by Hebb’s rule. Their approach identifies key solution patterns and complexity transitions, providing a platform to evaluate the performance of Ising hardware and solvers efficiently.
{"title":"Benchmarking the optimization of optical machines with the planted solutions","authors":"Nikita Stroev, Natalia G. Berloff, Nir Davidson","doi":"10.1038/s42005-024-01870-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-024-01870-9","url":null,"abstract":"This research focuses on developing effective benchmarks for quadratic unconstrained binary optimization instances, crucial for evaluating the performance of Ising hardware and solvers. Currently, the field lacks accessible and reproducible models for systematically testing such systems, particularly in terms of detailed phase space characterization. Here, we introduce universal generative models based on an extension of Hebb’s rule of associative memory with asymmetric pattern weights. We conduct comprehensive calculations across different scales and dynamical equations, examining outcomes like the probabilities of reaching the ground state, planted state, spurious state, or other energy levels. Additionally, the generated problems reveal properties such as the easy-hard-easy complexity transition and complex solution cluster structures. This method offers a promising platform for analyzing and understanding the behavior of physical hardware and its simulations, contributing to future advancements in optimization technologies. The authors present a method for creating generative models that produce test instances for quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problems, inspired by Hebb’s rule. Their approach identifies key solution patterns and complexity transitions, providing a platform to evaluate the performance of Ising hardware and solvers efficiently.","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-024-01870-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1038/s42005-024-01864-7
Alexander J. H. Houston, Nigel J. Mottram
Incorporating the inherent heterogeneity of living systems into models of active nematics is essential to provide a more realistic description of biological processes such as bacterial growth, cell dynamics and tissue development. Spontaneous flow of a confined active nematic is a fundamental feature of these systems, in which the role of heterogeneity has not yet been considered. We therefore determine the form of spontaneous flow transition for an active nematic film with heterogeneous activity, identifying a correspondence between the unstable director modes and solutions to Schrödinger’s equation. We consider both activity gradients and steps between regions of distinct activity, finding that such variations can change the signature properties of the flow. The threshold activity required for the transition can be raised or lowered, the fluid flux can be reduced or reversed and interfaces in activity induce shear flows. In a biological context fluid flux influences the spread of nutrients while shear flows affect the behaviour of rheotactic microswimmers and can cause the deformation of biofilms. All the effects we identify are found to be strongly dependent on not simply the types of activity present in the film but also on how they are distributed. Incorporating the inherent heterogeneity of living systems into models of active nematics is essential to provide a realistic description of important biological processes. The authors determine the form of spontaneous flow transition for a heterogeneous active nematic film, finding a correspondence with Schrodinger’s equation and changes to signature properties of the flow and transition threshold.
{"title":"Spontaneous flows and quantum analogies in heterogeneous active nematic films","authors":"Alexander J. H. Houston, Nigel J. Mottram","doi":"10.1038/s42005-024-01864-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-024-01864-7","url":null,"abstract":"Incorporating the inherent heterogeneity of living systems into models of active nematics is essential to provide a more realistic description of biological processes such as bacterial growth, cell dynamics and tissue development. Spontaneous flow of a confined active nematic is a fundamental feature of these systems, in which the role of heterogeneity has not yet been considered. We therefore determine the form of spontaneous flow transition for an active nematic film with heterogeneous activity, identifying a correspondence between the unstable director modes and solutions to Schrödinger’s equation. We consider both activity gradients and steps between regions of distinct activity, finding that such variations can change the signature properties of the flow. The threshold activity required for the transition can be raised or lowered, the fluid flux can be reduced or reversed and interfaces in activity induce shear flows. In a biological context fluid flux influences the spread of nutrients while shear flows affect the behaviour of rheotactic microswimmers and can cause the deformation of biofilms. All the effects we identify are found to be strongly dependent on not simply the types of activity present in the film but also on how they are distributed. Incorporating the inherent heterogeneity of living systems into models of active nematics is essential to provide a realistic description of important biological processes. The authors determine the form of spontaneous flow transition for a heterogeneous active nematic film, finding a correspondence with Schrodinger’s equation and changes to signature properties of the flow and transition threshold.","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-024-01864-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1038/s42005-024-01843-y
Otavio A. D. Molitor, André H. A. Malavazi, Roberto Dobal Baldijão, Alexandre C. Orthey Jr., Ismael L. Paiva, Pedro R. Dieguez
The superposition of causal orders shows promise in various quantum technologies. However, the fragility of quantum systems arising from environmental interactions, leading to dissipative behavior and irreversibility, demands a deeper understanding of the possible instabilities in the coherent control of causal orders. In this work, we employ a collisional model to investigate the impact of an open control system on the generation of interference between two causal orders. We present the environmental instabilities for the switch of two arbitrary quantum operations and examine the influence of environmental temperature on each potential outcome of control post-selection. Additionally, we explore how environmental instabilities affect protocol performance, including switching between mutually unbiased measurement observables and refrigeration powered by causal order superposition, providing insights into broader implications. Using the quantum switch—a process involving a controlled operation followed by post-selection of the control—a system of interest can evolve under an effective dynamics governed by a superposition of operation orders. This work investigates how environmental influences on the control impact the desired superposition of orders in realistic scenarios.
{"title":"Quantum switch instabilities with an open control","authors":"Otavio A. D. Molitor, André H. A. Malavazi, Roberto Dobal Baldijão, Alexandre C. Orthey Jr., Ismael L. Paiva, Pedro R. Dieguez","doi":"10.1038/s42005-024-01843-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-024-01843-y","url":null,"abstract":"The superposition of causal orders shows promise in various quantum technologies. However, the fragility of quantum systems arising from environmental interactions, leading to dissipative behavior and irreversibility, demands a deeper understanding of the possible instabilities in the coherent control of causal orders. In this work, we employ a collisional model to investigate the impact of an open control system on the generation of interference between two causal orders. We present the environmental instabilities for the switch of two arbitrary quantum operations and examine the influence of environmental temperature on each potential outcome of control post-selection. Additionally, we explore how environmental instabilities affect protocol performance, including switching between mutually unbiased measurement observables and refrigeration powered by causal order superposition, providing insights into broader implications. Using the quantum switch—a process involving a controlled operation followed by post-selection of the control—a system of interest can evolve under an effective dynamics governed by a superposition of operation orders. This work investigates how environmental influences on the control impact the desired superposition of orders in realistic scenarios.","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-024-01843-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The persistence of the global climate system is critical for assuring the sustainability of the natural ecosystem. However, persistence at a network level has been rarely discussed. Here we develop a framework to analyze the time persistence of the yearly networks of climate and carbon flux, based on cross-correlations between sites, using daily data from China, the contiguous United States, and the Europe land region. Our framework for determining the persistence is based on analyzing the similarity between the network structures in different years. Our results reveal that the similarity of climate and carbon flux networks in different years are within the range of 0.57 ± 0.07, implying that the climate and carbon flux in the Earth’s climate system are generally persistent and in a steady state. We find a very small decay in similarity when the gap between years increases. Moreover, we find that the persistence of climate variables and carbon flux in the three regions decreases when considering only long range links. Analyzing the persistence and evolution of the climate and carbon flux networks, enhance our understanding of the spatial and temporal evolution of the global climate system. The persistence of the global climate system is essential for the sustainability of natural ecosystems. This work develops a framework, generate climate and carbon flux networks and finds that the similarity of the networks in different years is 0.57 ± 0.07, implying that the system is generally stable and that the similarity decay is very small when the year gap increases.
{"title":"Time persistence of climate and carbon flux networks","authors":"Ting Qing, Fan Wang, Qiuyue Li, Gaogao Dong, Lixin Tian, Shlomo Havlin","doi":"10.1038/s42005-024-01862-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-024-01862-9","url":null,"abstract":"The persistence of the global climate system is critical for assuring the sustainability of the natural ecosystem. However, persistence at a network level has been rarely discussed. Here we develop a framework to analyze the time persistence of the yearly networks of climate and carbon flux, based on cross-correlations between sites, using daily data from China, the contiguous United States, and the Europe land region. Our framework for determining the persistence is based on analyzing the similarity between the network structures in different years. Our results reveal that the similarity of climate and carbon flux networks in different years are within the range of 0.57 ± 0.07, implying that the climate and carbon flux in the Earth’s climate system are generally persistent and in a steady state. We find a very small decay in similarity when the gap between years increases. Moreover, we find that the persistence of climate variables and carbon flux in the three regions decreases when considering only long range links. Analyzing the persistence and evolution of the climate and carbon flux networks, enhance our understanding of the spatial and temporal evolution of the global climate system. The persistence of the global climate system is essential for the sustainability of natural ecosystems. This work develops a framework, generate climate and carbon flux networks and finds that the similarity of the networks in different years is 0.57 ± 0.07, implying that the system is generally stable and that the similarity decay is very small when the year gap increases.","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-024-01862-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1038/s42005-024-01848-7
Tianyu Li, Yi Peng, Yucheng Wang, Haiping Hu
Hyperbolic lattices, formed by tessellating the hyperbolic plane with regular polygons, exhibit a diverse range of exotic physical phenomena beyond conventional Euclidean lattices. Here, we investigate the impact of disorder on hyperbolic lattices and reveal that the Anderson localization occurs at strong disorder strength, accompanied by the presence of mobility edges. Taking the hyperbolic {p, q} = {3, 8} and {p, q} = {4, 8} lattices as examples, we employ finite-size scaling of both spectral statistics and the inverse participation ratio to pinpoint the transition point and critical exponents. Our findings indicate that the transition points tend to increase with larger values of {p, q} or curvature. In the limiting case of {∞, q}, we further determine its Anderson transition using the cavity method, drawing parallels with the random regular graph. Our work lays the cornerstone for a comprehensive understanding of Anderson transition and mobility edges on hyperbolic lattices. Anderson localization is a paradigmatic topic of condensed matter physics used to explain the insulating behavior of materials. This paper investigates the effect of disorder in hyperbolic lattices and finds that Anderson localization occurs at strong disorder strength, accompanied by the presence of mobility edges.
{"title":"Anderson transition and mobility edges on hyperbolic lattices with randomly connected boundaries","authors":"Tianyu Li, Yi Peng, Yucheng Wang, Haiping Hu","doi":"10.1038/s42005-024-01848-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-024-01848-7","url":null,"abstract":"Hyperbolic lattices, formed by tessellating the hyperbolic plane with regular polygons, exhibit a diverse range of exotic physical phenomena beyond conventional Euclidean lattices. Here, we investigate the impact of disorder on hyperbolic lattices and reveal that the Anderson localization occurs at strong disorder strength, accompanied by the presence of mobility edges. Taking the hyperbolic {p, q} = {3, 8} and {p, q} = {4, 8} lattices as examples, we employ finite-size scaling of both spectral statistics and the inverse participation ratio to pinpoint the transition point and critical exponents. Our findings indicate that the transition points tend to increase with larger values of {p, q} or curvature. In the limiting case of {∞, q}, we further determine its Anderson transition using the cavity method, drawing parallels with the random regular graph. Our work lays the cornerstone for a comprehensive understanding of Anderson transition and mobility edges on hyperbolic lattices. Anderson localization is a paradigmatic topic of condensed matter physics used to explain the insulating behavior of materials. This paper investigates the effect of disorder in hyperbolic lattices and finds that Anderson localization occurs at strong disorder strength, accompanied by the presence of mobility edges.","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-024-01848-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1038/s42005-024-01849-6
Daisuke Yoshida, Tomoyuki Horikiri
Quantum repeaters are pivotal in the physical layer of the quantum internet, and quantum repeaters capable of efficient entanglement distribution are necessary for its development. Quantum repeater schemes based on single-photon interference are promising because of their potential efficiency. However, schemes involving first-order interference with photon sources at distant nodes require stringent phase stability of the components, which pose challenges for long-distance implementation. In this paper, we present a quantum repeater scheme that leverages single-photon interference and reduces the difficulty of achieving phase stabilization. Additionally, under specific conditions, our scheme achieves a higher entanglement distribution rate between end nodes compared with the existing schemes. Thus, the proposed approach could lead to improved rates with technologies that are currently unavailable but possible in the future and will ultimately facilitate the development of multimode quantum repeaters. Single-photon interference based quantum repeater schemes are promising due to their potential efficiency. Here, the authors offer a theoretical quantum repeater scheme with reduced complexity of phase stabilization and scope for higher entanglement rates between the end nodes.
{"title":"Multiplexed quantum repeaters based on single-photon interference with mild stabilization","authors":"Daisuke Yoshida, Tomoyuki Horikiri","doi":"10.1038/s42005-024-01849-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-024-01849-6","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum repeaters are pivotal in the physical layer of the quantum internet, and quantum repeaters capable of efficient entanglement distribution are necessary for its development. Quantum repeater schemes based on single-photon interference are promising because of their potential efficiency. However, schemes involving first-order interference with photon sources at distant nodes require stringent phase stability of the components, which pose challenges for long-distance implementation. In this paper, we present a quantum repeater scheme that leverages single-photon interference and reduces the difficulty of achieving phase stabilization. Additionally, under specific conditions, our scheme achieves a higher entanglement distribution rate between end nodes compared with the existing schemes. Thus, the proposed approach could lead to improved rates with technologies that are currently unavailable but possible in the future and will ultimately facilitate the development of multimode quantum repeaters. Single-photon interference based quantum repeater schemes are promising due to their potential efficiency. Here, the authors offer a theoretical quantum repeater scheme with reduced complexity of phase stabilization and scope for higher entanglement rates between the end nodes.","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-024-01849-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1038/s42005-024-01859-4
Ana Palacios, Rodrigo Martínez-Peña, Miguel C. Soriano, Gian Luca Giorgi, Roberta Zambrini
Quantum Reservoir Computing (QRC) offers potential advantages over classical reservoir computing, including inherent processing of quantum inputs and a vast Hilbert space for state exploration. Yet, the relation between the performance of reservoirs based on complex and many-body quantum systems and non-classical state features is not established. Through an extensive analysis of QRC based on a transverse-field Ising model we show how different quantum effects, such as quantum coherence and correlations, contribute to improving the performance in temporal tasks, as measured by the Information Processing Capacity. Additionally, we critically assess the impact of finite measurement resources and noise on the reservoir’s dynamics in different regimes, quantifying the limited ability to exploit quantum effects for increasing damping and noise strengths. Our results reveal a monotonic relationship between reservoir performance and coherence, along with the importance of quantum effects in the ergodic regime. Quantum Reservoir Computing leverages the quantum properties of physical systems for solving temporal tasks. This study shows the importance of quantum effects, such as coherence and superposition, in the reservoir’s performance for different dynamical regimes, while considering the impact of finite measurements and noisy environments.
{"title":"Role of coherence in many-body Quantum Reservoir Computing","authors":"Ana Palacios, Rodrigo Martínez-Peña, Miguel C. Soriano, Gian Luca Giorgi, Roberta Zambrini","doi":"10.1038/s42005-024-01859-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-024-01859-4","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum Reservoir Computing (QRC) offers potential advantages over classical reservoir computing, including inherent processing of quantum inputs and a vast Hilbert space for state exploration. Yet, the relation between the performance of reservoirs based on complex and many-body quantum systems and non-classical state features is not established. Through an extensive analysis of QRC based on a transverse-field Ising model we show how different quantum effects, such as quantum coherence and correlations, contribute to improving the performance in temporal tasks, as measured by the Information Processing Capacity. Additionally, we critically assess the impact of finite measurement resources and noise on the reservoir’s dynamics in different regimes, quantifying the limited ability to exploit quantum effects for increasing damping and noise strengths. Our results reveal a monotonic relationship between reservoir performance and coherence, along with the importance of quantum effects in the ergodic regime. Quantum Reservoir Computing leverages the quantum properties of physical systems for solving temporal tasks. This study shows the importance of quantum effects, such as coherence and superposition, in the reservoir’s performance for different dynamical regimes, while considering the impact of finite measurements and noisy environments.","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-024-01859-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1038/s42005-024-01858-5
Lukas Mühlnickel, Jonnel A. Jaurigue, Lina C. Jaurigue, Kathy Lüdge
Reservoir computing with photonic systems promises fast and energy efficient computations. Vertical emitting semiconductor lasers with two spin-polarized charge-carrier populations (spin-VCSEL), are good candidates for high-speed reservoir computing. With our work, we highlight the role of the internal dynamic coupling on the prediction performance. We present numerical evidence for the critical impact of different data injection schemes and internal timescales. A central finding is that the internal dynamics of all dynamical degrees of freedom can only be utilized if an appropriate perturbation via the input is chosen as data injection scheme. If the data is encoded via an optical phase difference, the internal spin-polarized carrier dynamics is not addressed but instead a faster data injection rate is possible. We find strong correlations of the prediction performance with the system response time and the underlying delay-induced bifurcation structure, which allows to transfer the results to other physical reservoir computing systems. The authors numerically investigate the reservoir computing performance of vertical emitting two-mode semiconductor lasers and show the crucial impact of dynamic coupling, injection schemes and system timescales. A central finding is that high dimensional internal dynamics can only be utilized if an appropriate perturbation via the input is chosen.
{"title":"The influence of timescales and data injection schemes for reservoir computing using spin-VCSELs","authors":"Lukas Mühlnickel, Jonnel A. Jaurigue, Lina C. Jaurigue, Kathy Lüdge","doi":"10.1038/s42005-024-01858-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-024-01858-5","url":null,"abstract":"Reservoir computing with photonic systems promises fast and energy efficient computations. Vertical emitting semiconductor lasers with two spin-polarized charge-carrier populations (spin-VCSEL), are good candidates for high-speed reservoir computing. With our work, we highlight the role of the internal dynamic coupling on the prediction performance. We present numerical evidence for the critical impact of different data injection schemes and internal timescales. A central finding is that the internal dynamics of all dynamical degrees of freedom can only be utilized if an appropriate perturbation via the input is chosen as data injection scheme. If the data is encoded via an optical phase difference, the internal spin-polarized carrier dynamics is not addressed but instead a faster data injection rate is possible. We find strong correlations of the prediction performance with the system response time and the underlying delay-induced bifurcation structure, which allows to transfer the results to other physical reservoir computing systems. The authors numerically investigate the reservoir computing performance of vertical emitting two-mode semiconductor lasers and show the crucial impact of dynamic coupling, injection schemes and system timescales. A central finding is that high dimensional internal dynamics can only be utilized if an appropriate perturbation via the input is chosen.","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-024-01858-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-13DOI: 10.1038/s42005-024-01820-5
Fang Qin, Rui Chen, Ching Hua Lee
The Hall response can be dramatically different from its quantized value in materials with broken inversion symmetry. This stems from the leading Hall contribution beyond the linear order, known as the Berry curvature dipole (BCD). While the BCD is in principle always present, it is typically very small outside of a narrow window close to a topological transition and is thus experimentally elusive without careful tuning of external fields, temperature, or impurities. We transcend this challenge by devising optical driving and quench protocols that enable practical and direct access to large BCD. Varying the amplitude of an incident circularly polarized laser drives a topological transition between normal and Chern insulator phases, and importantly allows the precise unlocking of nonlinear Hall currents comparable to or larger than the linear Hall contributions. This strong BCD engineering is even more versatile with our two-parameter quench protocol, as demonstrated in our experimental proposal. In this work, the authors investigate nonlinear Hall materials under optical driving. They find that nonlinear Hall materials can exhibit a strong light-enhanced nonlinear Hall response when excited by circularly polarized lasers.
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