Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00575-4
Gengnan Li, Dmitri N. Zakharov, Tianhao Hu, Youngseok Yu, Iradwikanari Waluyo, Adrian Hunt, Ashley R. Head, Jorge Anibal Boscoboinik
Understanding the atomistic structure of the active site during catalytic reactions is of paramount importance in both fundamental studies and practical applications, but such studies are challenging due to the complexity of heterogeneous systems. Here, we use Pt/CeO2 as an example to study the dynamic nature of active sites during the water-gas-shift reaction (WGSR) by combining multiple in situ characterization tools. We show that the different concentrations of interfacial Ptδ+ – O – Ce4+ moieties at Pt/CeO2 interfaces are responsible for the rank of catalytic performance of Pt/CeO2 catalysts: Pt/CeO2-rod > Pt/CeO2-cube > Pt/CeO2-oct. For all the catalysts, metallic Pt is formed during the WGSR, leading to the transformation of the active sites to Pt0 – Ov – Ce3+ and interface reconstruction. These findings shed light on the nature of the active site for the WGSR on Pt/CeO2 and highlight the importance of combining complementary in situ techniques for establishing structure-performance relationships. Understanding the atomic structure of active sites is important but challenging due to the complexity of heterogeneous systems. Here, the dynamic nature of Pt/CeO2 during the water-gas-shift reaction is studied using multiple in situ characterization tools to establish structure-performance relationships.
{"title":"Tracking the dynamics of catalytic Pt/CeO2 active sites during water-gas-shift reaction","authors":"Gengnan Li, Dmitri N. Zakharov, Tianhao Hu, Youngseok Yu, Iradwikanari Waluyo, Adrian Hunt, Ashley R. Head, Jorge Anibal Boscoboinik","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00575-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00575-4","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the atomistic structure of the active site during catalytic reactions is of paramount importance in both fundamental studies and practical applications, but such studies are challenging due to the complexity of heterogeneous systems. Here, we use Pt/CeO2 as an example to study the dynamic nature of active sites during the water-gas-shift reaction (WGSR) by combining multiple in situ characterization tools. We show that the different concentrations of interfacial Ptδ+ – O – Ce4+ moieties at Pt/CeO2 interfaces are responsible for the rank of catalytic performance of Pt/CeO2 catalysts: Pt/CeO2-rod > Pt/CeO2-cube > Pt/CeO2-oct. For all the catalysts, metallic Pt is formed during the WGSR, leading to the transformation of the active sites to Pt0 – Ov – Ce3+ and interface reconstruction. These findings shed light on the nature of the active site for the WGSR on Pt/CeO2 and highlight the importance of combining complementary in situ techniques for establishing structure-performance relationships. Understanding the atomic structure of active sites is important but challenging due to the complexity of heterogeneous systems. Here, the dynamic nature of Pt/CeO2 during the water-gas-shift reaction is studied using multiple in situ characterization tools to establish structure-performance relationships.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00575-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Massive hemorrhage following tissue trauma has high mortality owing to the lack of timely intervention. However, research on utilizing hemostats for humans is limited; therefore, developing an efficient emergency hemostatic agent is imperative. We developed a hemostatic sponge using natural polysaccharide riclin, theoretically modified with 50% aldehyde content (AR50). The AR50 sponge, with quasi-honeycomb channels and appropriate aldehyde content, exhibits ultra-high blood absorption (59.4 g·g−1) and rapidly targets erythrocytes and platelets to form a stable barrier. It surpasses most commercial hemostats in porcine artery scission (reducing hemostasis time and blood loss by 53 s and 4.2 g), hepatic bleeding laceration (68 s and 2.6 g), and perforation models (140 s and 4.9 g). The AR50 sponge is easily removed post hemostasis, exhibits antibacterial properties by destroying bacterial cell walls, and is safely absorbed by day 5, making it an ideal emergency hemostatic agent for massive hemorrhages in humans. Hemostats are important for treating massive hemorrhages in humans but research is limited. Here, an optimal hemostatic sponge consisting of aldehyde-modified natural polysaccharide riclin shows high blood absorption capacity and rapidly targets erythrocytes and platelets at the bleeding interface.
{"title":"Antibacterial and rapidly absorbable hemostatic sponge by aldehyde modification of natural polysaccharide","authors":"Jinrun Zhang, Zenghui Chen, Dejie Zeng, Yuman Xia, Yizhuo Fan, Xinyu Zhang, Nan Li, Xiaofen Liu, Xiaqing Sun, Shibing Zhao, Jianfa Zhang, Junhao Liu, Qi Sun","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00579-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00579-0","url":null,"abstract":"Massive hemorrhage following tissue trauma has high mortality owing to the lack of timely intervention. However, research on utilizing hemostats for humans is limited; therefore, developing an efficient emergency hemostatic agent is imperative. We developed a hemostatic sponge using natural polysaccharide riclin, theoretically modified with 50% aldehyde content (AR50). The AR50 sponge, with quasi-honeycomb channels and appropriate aldehyde content, exhibits ultra-high blood absorption (59.4 g·g−1) and rapidly targets erythrocytes and platelets to form a stable barrier. It surpasses most commercial hemostats in porcine artery scission (reducing hemostasis time and blood loss by 53 s and 4.2 g), hepatic bleeding laceration (68 s and 2.6 g), and perforation models (140 s and 4.9 g). The AR50 sponge is easily removed post hemostasis, exhibits antibacterial properties by destroying bacterial cell walls, and is safely absorbed by day 5, making it an ideal emergency hemostatic agent for massive hemorrhages in humans. Hemostats are important for treating massive hemorrhages in humans but research is limited. Here, an optimal hemostatic sponge consisting of aldehyde-modified natural polysaccharide riclin shows high blood absorption capacity and rapidly targets erythrocytes and platelets at the bleeding interface.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00579-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141743444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00572-7
Ahmad Zenji, Gilles Pernot, David Lacroix, Jean-Michel Rampnoux, Olivier Bourgeois, Stéphane Grauby, Stefan Dilhaire
Studying superdiffusive thermal transport is crucial for advanced thermal management in electronics and nanotechnology, ensuring devices run efficiently and reliably. Such study also contributes to the design of high-performance thermoelectric materials and devices, thereby improving energy efficiency. This work leads to a better understanding of fundamental physics and non-equilibrium phenomena, fostering innovations in numerous scientific and engineering fields. We are showing, from a one shot experiment, that clear deviations from classical Fourier behavior are observed in a semiconductor alloy such as InGaAs. These deviations are a signature of the competition that takes place between ballistic and diffusive heat transfers. Thermal propagation is modelled by a truncated Lévy model. This approach is used to analyze this ballistic-diffusive transition and to determine the thermal properties of InGaAs. The experimental part of this work is based on a combination of time-domain and frequency-domain thermoreflectance methods with an extended bandwidth ranging from a few kHz to 100 GHz. This unique wide-bandwidth configuration allows a clear distinction between Fourier diffusive and non-Fourier superdiffusive heat propagation in semiconductor materials. For diffusive processes, we also demonstrate our ability to simultaneously measure the thermal conductivity, heat capacity and interface thermal resistance of several materials over 3 decades of thermal conductivity. Thermal transport in semiconductor thin films deviates from conventional Brownian motion, exhibiting superdiffusive behaviour. Here, pump-probe thermoreflectance measurements on InGaAs enable the investigation of heat propagation over an extended bandwidth ranging from a few kHz to 100 GHz.
{"title":"Seeking non-Fourier heat transfer with ultrabroad band thermoreflectance spectroscopy","authors":"Ahmad Zenji, Gilles Pernot, David Lacroix, Jean-Michel Rampnoux, Olivier Bourgeois, Stéphane Grauby, Stefan Dilhaire","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00572-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00572-7","url":null,"abstract":"Studying superdiffusive thermal transport is crucial for advanced thermal management in electronics and nanotechnology, ensuring devices run efficiently and reliably. Such study also contributes to the design of high-performance thermoelectric materials and devices, thereby improving energy efficiency. This work leads to a better understanding of fundamental physics and non-equilibrium phenomena, fostering innovations in numerous scientific and engineering fields. We are showing, from a one shot experiment, that clear deviations from classical Fourier behavior are observed in a semiconductor alloy such as InGaAs. These deviations are a signature of the competition that takes place between ballistic and diffusive heat transfers. Thermal propagation is modelled by a truncated Lévy model. This approach is used to analyze this ballistic-diffusive transition and to determine the thermal properties of InGaAs. The experimental part of this work is based on a combination of time-domain and frequency-domain thermoreflectance methods with an extended bandwidth ranging from a few kHz to 100 GHz. This unique wide-bandwidth configuration allows a clear distinction between Fourier diffusive and non-Fourier superdiffusive heat propagation in semiconductor materials. For diffusive processes, we also demonstrate our ability to simultaneously measure the thermal conductivity, heat capacity and interface thermal resistance of several materials over 3 decades of thermal conductivity. Thermal transport in semiconductor thin films deviates from conventional Brownian motion, exhibiting superdiffusive behaviour. Here, pump-probe thermoreflectance measurements on InGaAs enable the investigation of heat propagation over an extended bandwidth ranging from a few kHz to 100 GHz.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00572-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141743448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00568-3
Jonas Grill, Simon K. Steensen, Diana Lucia Quintero Castro, Ivano E. Castelli, Jelena Popovic-Neuber
Necessary diversification of battery chemistry and related cell design call for investigation of more exotic materials and configurations, such as solid-state potassium batteries. In the core of their development lies the necessity of discovering new and electrochemically more efficient inorganic solid-state electrolytes. This review focuses on suitable chemical structures, their fundamental properties and status of the materials synthesis, related electrochemical performance, contemporary characterization techniques and modeling efforts for inorganic solid-state potassium electrolytes. New materials and configurations are necessary to diversify battery chemistry and cell design. This Review focuses on the chemistry, fundamental properties, and status of materials in inorganic solid-state potassium electrolytes.
{"title":"Solid-state inorganic electrolytes for next generation potassium batteries","authors":"Jonas Grill, Simon K. Steensen, Diana Lucia Quintero Castro, Ivano E. Castelli, Jelena Popovic-Neuber","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00568-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00568-3","url":null,"abstract":"Necessary diversification of battery chemistry and related cell design call for investigation of more exotic materials and configurations, such as solid-state potassium batteries. In the core of their development lies the necessity of discovering new and electrochemically more efficient inorganic solid-state electrolytes. This review focuses on suitable chemical structures, their fundamental properties and status of the materials synthesis, related electrochemical performance, contemporary characterization techniques and modeling efforts for inorganic solid-state potassium electrolytes. New materials and configurations are necessary to diversify battery chemistry and cell design. This Review focuses on the chemistry, fundamental properties, and status of materials in inorganic solid-state potassium electrolytes.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00568-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141743446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00578-1
Yuta Kimura, Takaya Fujisaki, Tetsuya Shimizu, Takashi Nakamura, Yasutoshi Iriyama, Koji Amezawa
Introducing a coating layer at an active material /solid electrolyte interface is crucial for ensuring thermodynamic stability of the solid electrolyte at interfaces in solid-state batteries. To thermodynamically protect the solid electrolyte, coating layers must maintain lithium chemical potential (μLi) at coating layer/solid electrolyte interfaces within the electrochemical window of the solid electrolyte. However, a general coating layer design principle to achieve this remains unestablished. Here we theoretically elucidate the µLi distribution across the solid electrolyte and coating layer, examining requirements for thermodynamic protection. We show that the protective capability of coating layers is not solely determined by their intrinsic characteristics, but also by the µLi distribution within the solid electrolyte and coating layer. We propose a quantitative approach based on µLi distribution to determine the required characteristics and geometries of coating layers that ensure the thermodynamic stability of the solid electrolyte while minimizing ohmic resistance, providing insights for coating layer design. Coating layers are crucial for solid-state battery stability. Here, we investigated the lithium chemical potential distribution in the solid electrolyte and coating layer and propose a method to determine optimal coating layer properties, ensuring electrolyte stability while minimizing resistance.
{"title":"Coating layer design principles considering lithium chemical potential distribution within solid electrolytes of solid-state batteries","authors":"Yuta Kimura, Takaya Fujisaki, Tetsuya Shimizu, Takashi Nakamura, Yasutoshi Iriyama, Koji Amezawa","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00578-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00578-1","url":null,"abstract":"Introducing a coating layer at an active material /solid electrolyte interface is crucial for ensuring thermodynamic stability of the solid electrolyte at interfaces in solid-state batteries. To thermodynamically protect the solid electrolyte, coating layers must maintain lithium chemical potential (μLi) at coating layer/solid electrolyte interfaces within the electrochemical window of the solid electrolyte. However, a general coating layer design principle to achieve this remains unestablished. Here we theoretically elucidate the µLi distribution across the solid electrolyte and coating layer, examining requirements for thermodynamic protection. We show that the protective capability of coating layers is not solely determined by their intrinsic characteristics, but also by the µLi distribution within the solid electrolyte and coating layer. We propose a quantitative approach based on µLi distribution to determine the required characteristics and geometries of coating layers that ensure the thermodynamic stability of the solid electrolyte while minimizing ohmic resistance, providing insights for coating layer design. Coating layers are crucial for solid-state battery stability. Here, we investigated the lithium chemical potential distribution in the solid electrolyte and coating layer and propose a method to determine optimal coating layer properties, ensuring electrolyte stability while minimizing resistance.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00578-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141746266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00573-6
Semyon V. Bachinin, Alexandr Marunchenko, Ivan Matchenya, Nikolai Zhestkij, Vladimir Shirobokov, Ekaterina Gunina, Alexander Novikov, Maria Timofeeva, Svyatoslav A. Povarov, Fengting Li, Valentin A. Milichko
Neuromorphic architectures, expanding the limits of computing from conventional data processing and storage to advanced cognition, learning, and in-memory computing, impose restrictions on materials that should operate fast, energy efficiently, and highly endurant. Here we report on in-memory computing architecture based on metal-organic framework (MOF) single crystal with a light control. We demonstrate that the MOF with inherent memristive behavior (for data storage) changes nonlinearly its electric response when irradiated by light. This leads to three and more electronic states (spikes) with 81 ms duration and 1 s refractory time, allowing to implement 40 bits s−1 optoelectronic data processing. Next, the architecture is switched to the neuromorphic state upon the action of a set of laser pulses, providing the text recognition over 50 times with app. 100% accuracy. Thereby, simultaneous data storage, processing, and neuromorphic computing on MOF, driven by light, pave the way for multifunctional in-memory computing architectures. Neuromorphic architectures require highly enduring active materials that should operate fast and energy efficiently. Here, the authors report on in-memory computing architecture based on a metal-organic framework single crystal, the memristive behavior of which is nonlinearly switched to the neuromorphic state under light.
{"title":"Metal-organic framework single crystal for in-memory neuromorphic computing with a light control","authors":"Semyon V. Bachinin, Alexandr Marunchenko, Ivan Matchenya, Nikolai Zhestkij, Vladimir Shirobokov, Ekaterina Gunina, Alexander Novikov, Maria Timofeeva, Svyatoslav A. Povarov, Fengting Li, Valentin A. Milichko","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00573-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00573-6","url":null,"abstract":"Neuromorphic architectures, expanding the limits of computing from conventional data processing and storage to advanced cognition, learning, and in-memory computing, impose restrictions on materials that should operate fast, energy efficiently, and highly endurant. Here we report on in-memory computing architecture based on metal-organic framework (MOF) single crystal with a light control. We demonstrate that the MOF with inherent memristive behavior (for data storage) changes nonlinearly its electric response when irradiated by light. This leads to three and more electronic states (spikes) with 81 ms duration and 1 s refractory time, allowing to implement 40 bits s−1 optoelectronic data processing. Next, the architecture is switched to the neuromorphic state upon the action of a set of laser pulses, providing the text recognition over 50 times with app. 100% accuracy. Thereby, simultaneous data storage, processing, and neuromorphic computing on MOF, driven by light, pave the way for multifunctional in-memory computing architectures. Neuromorphic architectures require highly enduring active materials that should operate fast and energy efficiently. Here, the authors report on in-memory computing architecture based on a metal-organic framework single crystal, the memristive behavior of which is nonlinearly switched to the neuromorphic state under light.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00573-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141743447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Photoelectrochemical water splitting is a promising solution for harnessing solar radiation for hydrogen production. Copper oxide semiconductors, particularly materials based on cuprous oxide, have attracted attention due to their abundant elemental availability and scalable synthesis methods. To improve the generated photocurrent of the photoelectrode system, photon upconversion materials can be implemented into water-splitting devices. Here, we demonstrate the potential application of triplet-triplet annihilation-based upconversion in solar-assisted water splitting and highlight the significance of photonic designs to improve the light-harnessing properties of photoactive materials. The triplet-triplet annihilation mechanism is particularly suitable due to its efficient conversion at low photon intensity, namely under 1-sun illumination. Our results show that Cu2O coupled with an upconverter outperforms bare Cu2O by 56% in terms of produced photocurrent density. We construct a hybrid water-splitting device with an extended absorption range by utilizing a semi-transparent 600 nm Cu2O film with a 5 nm Au underlayer. Photoelectrochemical water splitting uses solar radiation for hydrogen production. Here, triplet-triplet annihilation-based upconversion is integrated into a water-splitting device which improves the light-harnessing properties of the photoactive materials
{"title":"Copper oxide coupled with photon upconversion for solar water splitting","authors":"Yerbolat Magazov, Vladislav Kudryashov, Kuanysh Moldabekov, Magzhan Amze, Aiisha Nurmanova, Asset Aliyev, Nurxat Nuraje","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00574-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00574-5","url":null,"abstract":"Photoelectrochemical water splitting is a promising solution for harnessing solar radiation for hydrogen production. Copper oxide semiconductors, particularly materials based on cuprous oxide, have attracted attention due to their abundant elemental availability and scalable synthesis methods. To improve the generated photocurrent of the photoelectrode system, photon upconversion materials can be implemented into water-splitting devices. Here, we demonstrate the potential application of triplet-triplet annihilation-based upconversion in solar-assisted water splitting and highlight the significance of photonic designs to improve the light-harnessing properties of photoactive materials. The triplet-triplet annihilation mechanism is particularly suitable due to its efficient conversion at low photon intensity, namely under 1-sun illumination. Our results show that Cu2O coupled with an upconverter outperforms bare Cu2O by 56% in terms of produced photocurrent density. We construct a hybrid water-splitting device with an extended absorption range by utilizing a semi-transparent 600 nm Cu2O film with a 5 nm Au underlayer. Photoelectrochemical water splitting uses solar radiation for hydrogen production. Here, triplet-triplet annihilation-based upconversion is integrated into a water-splitting device which improves the light-harnessing properties of the photoactive materials","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00574-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141743445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00559-4
Oren Lavi, Yoav Green
Water desalination and fluid-based energy harvesting systems utilize ion-selective nanoporous materials that allow preferential transport of ions that are oppositely charged to the surface charge, resulting in the creation of an electrical current. The resultant current forms due to a potential drop or a concentration gradient (or both) applied across the system. These systems are electrically characterized by their current-voltage, $$I-V$$ , response. In particular, there are three primary characteristics: the ohmic conductance, $${G}_{{{{{rm{Ohmic}}}}}}=I/V$$ , the zero-voltage current, $${I}_{V=0}$$ , and the zero-current voltage, $${V}_{I=0}$$ . To date, there is no known self-consistent theory for these characteristics. Here, we present simple self-consistent expressions for each of these characteristics that provide remarkable insights into the underlying physics of water desalination and energy harvesting systems. These insights can be used to interpret (and reinterpret) the numerical and experimental measurements of any nanofluidic system subject to an arbitrary concentration gradient as well as improve their design. Electrical characterization of a nanofluidic system subject to a joint potential drop and salt concentration gradient remains elusive. This work characterizes the electrical response of such systems and provides key insights into the underlying physics of nanofluidic systems.
{"title":"A theoretical characterization of osmotic power generation in nanofluidic systems","authors":"Oren Lavi, Yoav Green","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00559-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00559-4","url":null,"abstract":"Water desalination and fluid-based energy harvesting systems utilize ion-selective nanoporous materials that allow preferential transport of ions that are oppositely charged to the surface charge, resulting in the creation of an electrical current. The resultant current forms due to a potential drop or a concentration gradient (or both) applied across the system. These systems are electrically characterized by their current-voltage, $$I-V$$ , response. In particular, there are three primary characteristics: the ohmic conductance, $${G}_{{{{{rm{Ohmic}}}}}}=I/V$$ , the zero-voltage current, $${I}_{V=0}$$ , and the zero-current voltage, $${V}_{I=0}$$ . To date, there is no known self-consistent theory for these characteristics. Here, we present simple self-consistent expressions for each of these characteristics that provide remarkable insights into the underlying physics of water desalination and energy harvesting systems. These insights can be used to interpret (and reinterpret) the numerical and experimental measurements of any nanofluidic system subject to an arbitrary concentration gradient as well as improve their design. Electrical characterization of a nanofluidic system subject to a joint potential drop and salt concentration gradient remains elusive. This work characterizes the electrical response of such systems and provides key insights into the underlying physics of nanofluidic systems.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00559-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141743449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00550-z
Kartik Sau, Shigeyuki Takagi, Tamio Ikeshoji, Kazuaki Kisu, Ryuhei Sato, Egon Campos dos Santos, Hao Li, Rana Mohtadi, Shin-ichi Orimo
All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) are promising alternatives to conventional lithium-ion batteries. ASSBs consist of solid-fast-ion-conducting electrolytes and electrodes that offer improved energy density, battery safety, specific power, and fast-charging capability. Despite decades of intensive research, only a few have high ionic conductivity at ambient temperature. Developing fast ion-conducting materials requires both synthesis of high-conducting materials and a fundamental understanding of ion transport mechanisms. However, this is challenging due to wide variations of the ionic conductivity, even within the same class of materials, indicating the strong influence of structural modifications on ion transport. This Review discusses three selected material classes, namely layered oxides, polyhedral connections, and cluster anion types, as promising fast ion conductors. Emphasis is placed on the inherent challenges and the role of the framework structure on mobile ion conduction. We elucidate strategies to address these challenges by leveraging theoretical frameworks and insights from materials science. Designing fast ionic conductors for all-solid-state batteries is challenging due to the large variations of ionic conductivity even within the same material class. Here, the challenges and trends in layered oxide, polyhedral connection, and cluster anion type fast ion conductors are Reviewed.
{"title":"Unlocking the secrets of ideal fast ion conductors for all-solid-state batteries","authors":"Kartik Sau, Shigeyuki Takagi, Tamio Ikeshoji, Kazuaki Kisu, Ryuhei Sato, Egon Campos dos Santos, Hao Li, Rana Mohtadi, Shin-ichi Orimo","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00550-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00550-z","url":null,"abstract":"All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) are promising alternatives to conventional lithium-ion batteries. ASSBs consist of solid-fast-ion-conducting electrolytes and electrodes that offer improved energy density, battery safety, specific power, and fast-charging capability. Despite decades of intensive research, only a few have high ionic conductivity at ambient temperature. Developing fast ion-conducting materials requires both synthesis of high-conducting materials and a fundamental understanding of ion transport mechanisms. However, this is challenging due to wide variations of the ionic conductivity, even within the same class of materials, indicating the strong influence of structural modifications on ion transport. This Review discusses three selected material classes, namely layered oxides, polyhedral connections, and cluster anion types, as promising fast ion conductors. Emphasis is placed on the inherent challenges and the role of the framework structure on mobile ion conduction. We elucidate strategies to address these challenges by leveraging theoretical frameworks and insights from materials science. Designing fast ionic conductors for all-solid-state batteries is challenging due to the large variations of ionic conductivity even within the same material class. Here, the challenges and trends in layered oxide, polyhedral connection, and cluster anion type fast ion conductors are Reviewed.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00550-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141743451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00571-8
Lei Chen, Hui-Lei Hou, Maurizio Prato
Achieving stable and reliable 2D-2D van der Waals heterostructures remains challenging. The broadest strategy for synthesizing these heterostructures is growth or manually stacking one material on top of the other, yet it is inefficient. Here, we present a strategy for synthesizing covalently bonded MoS2-graphene heterostructures using organic linkers with two anchor sites at a low cost. Our covalent heterostructures exhibit a more homogeneously alternating structure than the corresponding randomly alternating structure of vdW heterostructures, as confirmed by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) measurements. Moreover, different linkers can be used to adjust the interlayer distance between graphene and MoS2, leading to significant impacts on their optical and electrochemical properties, including Photoluminescence (PL), cyclic voltammetry (CV), Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and SERS. Our strategy offers opportunities to advance fundamental research and enable the practical application of 2D/2D van der Waals heterostructures in various fields, including optoelectronics, energy storage, and catalysis. Fabricating stable and reliable van der Waals heterostructures made of stacked 2D materials remains challenging. Here, the authors present a strategy for synthesizing covalently bonded MoS2-graphene heterostructures using organic linkers.
{"title":"Fabrication of covalently bonded MoS2–graphene heterostructures with different organic linkers","authors":"Lei Chen, Hui-Lei Hou, Maurizio Prato","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00571-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00571-8","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving stable and reliable 2D-2D van der Waals heterostructures remains challenging. The broadest strategy for synthesizing these heterostructures is growth or manually stacking one material on top of the other, yet it is inefficient. Here, we present a strategy for synthesizing covalently bonded MoS2-graphene heterostructures using organic linkers with two anchor sites at a low cost. Our covalent heterostructures exhibit a more homogeneously alternating structure than the corresponding randomly alternating structure of vdW heterostructures, as confirmed by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) measurements. Moreover, different linkers can be used to adjust the interlayer distance between graphene and MoS2, leading to significant impacts on their optical and electrochemical properties, including Photoluminescence (PL), cyclic voltammetry (CV), Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and SERS. Our strategy offers opportunities to advance fundamental research and enable the practical application of 2D/2D van der Waals heterostructures in various fields, including optoelectronics, energy storage, and catalysis. Fabricating stable and reliable van der Waals heterostructures made of stacked 2D materials remains challenging. Here, the authors present a strategy for synthesizing covalently bonded MoS2-graphene heterostructures using organic linkers.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00571-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141743450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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