Van der Waals (vdW) two-dimensional (2D) materials have unleashed unprecedented opportunities to probe emerging physics that could be potential candidates for various functional applications. In particular, vdW 2D magnetic materials exhibit significant potential for advanced spintronic devices. Recently, Fe3GaTe2 has been discovered to possess the room-temperature ferromagnetic property with an intrinsic perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). Furthermore, considerably large anomalous Hall and Nernst angles have been reported recently. These groundbreaking findings pave the way for significant advances in high density random-access memory as well as energy harvesting devices based on spin conversion. Enhancements in the PMA and Curie temperature contribute to improved performance with reliable operation in a wide temperature range above room temperature. Moreover, the exploration of giant anomalous Hall and Nernst angles is a crucial factor for the efficient operation of spintronic devices. In this study, we demonstrate that the application of pressure to the Fe3GaTe2 2D ferromagnetic film strengthens the interlayer coupling, resulting in an improved PMA property. In addition, the application of pressure has been found to significantly increase the anomalous Hall angle. Our findings suggest that the application of pressure effectively controls the vdW interlayer coupling, thereby manipulating the ferromagnetic and spin-conversion properties of the 2D materials. Van der Waals 2D magnetic materials are promising for spintronic devices due to their tunable large anomalous Hall and Nernst angles. Here, the magneto-transport properties of Fe3GaTe2 films are investigated under pressure, demonstrating a robust perpendicular magnetic anisotropy at room temperature and an enhancement of the anomalous Hall angle.
{"title":"Substantial enhancement of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in van der Waals ferromagnetic Fe3GaTe2 film due to pressure application","authors":"Riku Iimori, Shaojie Hu, Akihiro Mitsuda, Takashi Kimura","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00665-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00665-3","url":null,"abstract":"Van der Waals (vdW) two-dimensional (2D) materials have unleashed unprecedented opportunities to probe emerging physics that could be potential candidates for various functional applications. In particular, vdW 2D magnetic materials exhibit significant potential for advanced spintronic devices. Recently, Fe3GaTe2 has been discovered to possess the room-temperature ferromagnetic property with an intrinsic perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). Furthermore, considerably large anomalous Hall and Nernst angles have been reported recently. These groundbreaking findings pave the way for significant advances in high density random-access memory as well as energy harvesting devices based on spin conversion. Enhancements in the PMA and Curie temperature contribute to improved performance with reliable operation in a wide temperature range above room temperature. Moreover, the exploration of giant anomalous Hall and Nernst angles is a crucial factor for the efficient operation of spintronic devices. In this study, we demonstrate that the application of pressure to the Fe3GaTe2 2D ferromagnetic film strengthens the interlayer coupling, resulting in an improved PMA property. In addition, the application of pressure has been found to significantly increase the anomalous Hall angle. Our findings suggest that the application of pressure effectively controls the vdW interlayer coupling, thereby manipulating the ferromagnetic and spin-conversion properties of the 2D materials. Van der Waals 2D magnetic materials are promising for spintronic devices due to their tunable large anomalous Hall and Nernst angles. Here, the magneto-transport properties of Fe3GaTe2 films are investigated under pressure, demonstrating a robust perpendicular magnetic anisotropy at room temperature and an enhancement of the anomalous Hall angle.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00665-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142574230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-21DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00676-0
Martin Gutierrez-Amigo, Ðorđe Dangić, Chunyu Guo, Claudia Felser, Philip J. W. Moll, Maia G. Vergniory, Ion Errea
The charge-density wave (CDW) mechanism and resulting structure of the AV3Sb5 family of kagome metals has posed a puzzling challenge since their discovery four years ago. In fact, the lack of consensus on the origin and structure of the CDW hinders the understanding of the emerging phenomena. Here, by employing a non-perturbative treatment of anharmonicity from first-principles calculations, we reveal that the charge-density transition in CsV3Sb5 is driven by the large electron-phonon coupling of the material and that the melting of the CDW state is attributed to ionic entropy and lattice anharmonicity. The calculated transition temperature is in very good agreement with experiments, implying that soft mode physics are at the core of the charge-density wave transition. Contrary to the standard assumption associated with a pure kagome lattice, the CDW is essentially three-dimensional as it is triggered by an unstable phonon at the L point. The absence of involvement of phonons at the M point enables us to constrain the resulting symmetries to six possible space groups. The unusually large electron-phonon linewidth of the soft mode explains why inelastic scattering experiments did not observe any softened phonon. We foresee that large anharmonic effects are ubiquitous and could be fundamental to understand the observed phenomena also in other kagome families. The charge-density wave state in AV3Sb5 kagome metals is intimately related to several unconventional and intriguing phenomena, but its origin and structure are still under debate. Here, non-perturbative calculations indicate a large electron-phonon coupling as the driving mechanism, attributing the melting of the charge-density wave state to ionic entropy and lattice anharmonicity.
自四年前发现 AV3Sb5 卡戈米金属家族以来，其电荷密度波（CDW）机制和由此产生的结构一直是一个令人费解的难题。事实上，对电荷密度波的起源和结构缺乏共识阻碍了人们对这一新现象的理解。在这里，我们利用第一原理计算中的非微扰处理非谐波性，揭示了 CsV3Sb5 中的电荷密度转变是由材料的大电子-声子耦合驱动的，而 CDW 状态的熔化则归因于离子熵和晶格非谐波性。计算得出的转变温度与实验结果非常吻合，这意味着软模式物理是电荷密度波转变的核心。与纯卡格姆晶格的标准假设相反，电荷密度波本质上是三维的，因为它是由 L 点的不稳定声子引发的。由于 M 点没有声子的参与，我们得以将由此产生的对称性限制在六个可能的空间群内。软模式异常巨大的电子-声子线宽解释了为什么非弹性散射实验没有观察到任何软化声子。我们预见到大的非谐波效应无处不在，而且可能是理解其他神户系中所观察到的现象的基础。AV3Sb5 kagome 金属中的电荷密度波态与几种非常规和有趣的现象密切相关，但其起源和结构仍存在争议。在这里，非微扰计算表明电子-声子耦合是驱动机制，电荷密度波态的熔化归因于离子熵和晶格非谐性。
{"title":"Phonon collapse and anharmonic melting of the 3D charge-density wave in kagome metals","authors":"Martin Gutierrez-Amigo, Ðorđe Dangić, Chunyu Guo, Claudia Felser, Philip J. W. Moll, Maia G. Vergniory, Ion Errea","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00676-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00676-0","url":null,"abstract":"The charge-density wave (CDW) mechanism and resulting structure of the AV3Sb5 family of kagome metals has posed a puzzling challenge since their discovery four years ago. In fact, the lack of consensus on the origin and structure of the CDW hinders the understanding of the emerging phenomena. Here, by employing a non-perturbative treatment of anharmonicity from first-principles calculations, we reveal that the charge-density transition in CsV3Sb5 is driven by the large electron-phonon coupling of the material and that the melting of the CDW state is attributed to ionic entropy and lattice anharmonicity. The calculated transition temperature is in very good agreement with experiments, implying that soft mode physics are at the core of the charge-density wave transition. Contrary to the standard assumption associated with a pure kagome lattice, the CDW is essentially three-dimensional as it is triggered by an unstable phonon at the L point. The absence of involvement of phonons at the M point enables us to constrain the resulting symmetries to six possible space groups. The unusually large electron-phonon linewidth of the soft mode explains why inelastic scattering experiments did not observe any softened phonon. We foresee that large anharmonic effects are ubiquitous and could be fundamental to understand the observed phenomena also in other kagome families. The charge-density wave state in AV3Sb5 kagome metals is intimately related to several unconventional and intriguing phenomena, but its origin and structure are still under debate. Here, non-perturbative calculations indicate a large electron-phonon coupling as the driving mechanism, attributing the melting of the charge-density wave state to ionic entropy and lattice anharmonicity.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00676-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142574196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Segregation channels with misoriented spurious grains, known as freckles, are an unacceptable casting defect in superalloy turbine blades. A digital-twin method to predict segregation channels was proposed in our previous studies; however, the formation of spurious grains was ignored. Here, we extend the digital twin methodology by incorporating dendrite fragmentation, which is recognized as the predominant mechanism in the formation of spurious grains. The flow-induced fragmentation process has been refined to account for the timing of dendrite pinch-off. A three-phase mixed columnar-equiaxed solidification model was used to track the motion of the crystal fragments. Directional solidification experiments for superalloy casting were conducted in an industrial-scale Bridgman furnace, and the distribution of spurious grains in the freckles was metallographically analysed. Excellent simulation-experiment-agreement was achieved. Based on this study, the formation of spurious grains within the segregation channels is mainly caused by the flow-driven fragmentation mechanism. Experimentally measured freckles can be reproduced only if the timing of the dendrite pinch-off is considered. Defect-free castings are vital to the structural integrity of superalloys used in aerospace. Here, a digital twin method is developed for modelling spurious grain formation and segregation channels in directionally solidified superalloys.
{"title":"Modelling freckles and spurious grain formation in directionally solidified superalloy castings","authors":"Haijie Zhang, Yunxing Zhao, Wei Xiong, Dexin Ma, Andreas Ludwig, Abdellah Kharicha, Menghuai Wu","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00672-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00672-4","url":null,"abstract":"Segregation channels with misoriented spurious grains, known as freckles, are an unacceptable casting defect in superalloy turbine blades. A digital-twin method to predict segregation channels was proposed in our previous studies; however, the formation of spurious grains was ignored. Here, we extend the digital twin methodology by incorporating dendrite fragmentation, which is recognized as the predominant mechanism in the formation of spurious grains. The flow-induced fragmentation process has been refined to account for the timing of dendrite pinch-off. A three-phase mixed columnar-equiaxed solidification model was used to track the motion of the crystal fragments. Directional solidification experiments for superalloy casting were conducted in an industrial-scale Bridgman furnace, and the distribution of spurious grains in the freckles was metallographically analysed. Excellent simulation-experiment-agreement was achieved. Based on this study, the formation of spurious grains within the segregation channels is mainly caused by the flow-driven fragmentation mechanism. Experimentally measured freckles can be reproduced only if the timing of the dendrite pinch-off is considered. Defect-free castings are vital to the structural integrity of superalloys used in aerospace. Here, a digital twin method is developed for modelling spurious grain formation and segregation channels in directionally solidified superalloys.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11489085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142459884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00678-y
Martina Olsson, Robin Storm, Linnea Björn, Viktor Lilja, Leonard Krupnik, Yang Chen, Polina Naidjonoka, Ana Diaz, Mirko Holler, Benjamin Watts, Anette Larsson, Marianne Liebi, Aleksandar Matic
Controlling drug release rate and providing physical and chemical stability to the active pharmaceutical ingredient are key properties of oral solid dosage forms. Here, we demonstrate a formulation strategy using phase-separated polymer blends where the morphology provides a route for tuning the drug release profile. By utilising phase separation of a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic polymer, the hydrophilic component will act as a channelling agent, creating a porous network upon dissolution that will dictate the release characteristics. With ptychographic X-ray tomography and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy we reveal how the morphology depends on both polymer fraction and presence of drug, and how the drug is distributed over the polymer domains. Combining X-ray imaging results with dissolution studies reveal how the morphologies are correlated with the drug release and showcase how tuning the morphology of a polymer matrix in oral formulations can be utilised as a method for controlled drug release. Drug delivery via solid oral dosage requires a controlled release rate and physical and chemical stability of the drug within the formulation. Here, X-ray tomography and spectromicroscopy reveal how the morphology of a phase-separated polymer blend controls drug release.
控制药物释放速度并为活性药物成分提供物理和化学稳定性是口服固体制剂的关键特性。在这里，我们展示了一种使用相分离聚合物混合物的配方策略，其形态为调整药物释放曲线提供了一条途径。通过利用疏水性聚合物和亲水性聚合物的相分离，亲水性成分将起到导流作用，在溶解时形成多孔网络，从而决定药物的释放特性。通过 X 射线层析成像和扫描透射 X 射线显微镜，我们揭示了形态如何取决于聚合物成分和药物的存在，以及药物如何分布在聚合物畴上。将 X 射线成像结果与溶解研究相结合，可以揭示形态如何与药物释放相关联，并展示如何利用调整口服制剂中聚合物基质的形态来控制药物释放。通过口服固体制剂给药需要控制释放率以及制剂中药物的物理和化学稳定性。在这里，X 射线断层扫描和光谱分析揭示了相分离聚合物混合物的形态是如何控制药物释放的。
{"title":"Phase-separated polymer blends for controlled drug delivery by tuning morphology","authors":"Martina Olsson, Robin Storm, Linnea Björn, Viktor Lilja, Leonard Krupnik, Yang Chen, Polina Naidjonoka, Ana Diaz, Mirko Holler, Benjamin Watts, Anette Larsson, Marianne Liebi, Aleksandar Matic","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00678-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00678-y","url":null,"abstract":"Controlling drug release rate and providing physical and chemical stability to the active pharmaceutical ingredient are key properties of oral solid dosage forms. Here, we demonstrate a formulation strategy using phase-separated polymer blends where the morphology provides a route for tuning the drug release profile. By utilising phase separation of a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic polymer, the hydrophilic component will act as a channelling agent, creating a porous network upon dissolution that will dictate the release characteristics. With ptychographic X-ray tomography and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy we reveal how the morphology depends on both polymer fraction and presence of drug, and how the drug is distributed over the polymer domains. Combining X-ray imaging results with dissolution studies reveal how the morphologies are correlated with the drug release and showcase how tuning the morphology of a polymer matrix in oral formulations can be utilised as a method for controlled drug release. Drug delivery via solid oral dosage requires a controlled release rate and physical and chemical stability of the drug within the formulation. Here, X-ray tomography and spectromicroscopy reveal how the morphology of a phase-separated polymer blend controls drug release.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00678-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142574267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biomimetic chemical logic gates that can reversibly transform their shape and physical properties in response to their environment are an important research field. Most artificial chemical logic gates, however, rely on changes in the microscopic properties of molecules and ions in solution. Hence, developing chemical logic gates that influence macroscopic properties, such as crystal structures and magnetic and electrical properties, is essential for mimicking in vivo phenomena more accurately. Here, we develop a reset-set flip-flop circuit based on a single crystal that reversibly transforms in the presence of Ca2+ ions in aqueous solutions and is analogous to the chemical logic gate in muscles. During the crystal transformation, the lattice volume undergoes ~39% shrinkage, and the magnetic and electrical properties change considerably. Compared with existing products, the constructed crystalline system more closely resembles the function of actual muscles, which is promising for advancing the field of biomimetics. Biomimetic chemical logic gates transform in response to their environment but are currently focused on the microscopic properties. Here, a single crystal reset-set flip-flop circuit undergoes reversible volume shrinkage in response to ions in solution.
{"title":"Shrinkable muscular crystal with chemical logic gates driven by external ion environment","authors":"Jun Manabe, Mizuki Ito, Katsuya Ichihashi, Katsuya Inoue, Yin Qian, Xiao-Ming Ren, Ryo Tsunashima, Tomoyuki Akutagawa, Takayoshi Nakamura, Sadafumi Nishihara","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00674-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00674-2","url":null,"abstract":"Biomimetic chemical logic gates that can reversibly transform their shape and physical properties in response to their environment are an important research field. Most artificial chemical logic gates, however, rely on changes in the microscopic properties of molecules and ions in solution. Hence, developing chemical logic gates that influence macroscopic properties, such as crystal structures and magnetic and electrical properties, is essential for mimicking in vivo phenomena more accurately. Here, we develop a reset-set flip-flop circuit based on a single crystal that reversibly transforms in the presence of Ca2+ ions in aqueous solutions and is analogous to the chemical logic gate in muscles. During the crystal transformation, the lattice volume undergoes ~39% shrinkage, and the magnetic and electrical properties change considerably. Compared with existing products, the constructed crystalline system more closely resembles the function of actual muscles, which is promising for advancing the field of biomimetics. Biomimetic chemical logic gates transform in response to their environment but are currently focused on the microscopic properties. Here, a single crystal reset-set flip-flop circuit undergoes reversible volume shrinkage in response to ions in solution.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00674-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142443606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00670-6
Yang Li, Yilun Weng, Yue Hui, Jiaqi Wang, Letao Xu, Yang Yang, Guangze Yang, Chun-Xia Zhao
Peptide surfactants have been extensively investigated with various applications in detergents, foods, and pharmaceutics due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and customizable structures. Traditional peptide surfactants are often designed in a head-to-tail fashion mimicking chemical surfactants. Alternatively, a side-by-side design pattern based on heptad repeats offers an approach to designing peptide surfactants. However, minimalist peptide design using a single heptad for stabilizing interfaces remains largely unexplored. Here, we design four heptad surfactants (AM1.2, 6H, 6H7K, and HK) responsive to metal ions and compare their emulsification performance with a three-heptad peptide, AM1. Among them, the HK peptide generates emulsions exhibiting good stability over months. We further optimize factors such as buffering salts, ionic strength, and emulsion dilutions to uncover their impacts on emulsion properties. Our findings deepen the understanding of emulsion properties and provide practical insights for characterizing peptide-based emulsions, paving the way for their broader utilization in diverse applications. Peptide surfactants are useful in detergents, foods, and pharmaceutics but their design using a single heptad remains largely unexplored. Here, four heptad surfactants were designed that are responsive to metal ions and show good emulsification properties.
{"title":"Design of stimuli-responsive minimalist heptad surfactants for stable emulsions","authors":"Yang Li, Yilun Weng, Yue Hui, Jiaqi Wang, Letao Xu, Yang Yang, Guangze Yang, Chun-Xia Zhao","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00670-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00670-6","url":null,"abstract":"Peptide surfactants have been extensively investigated with various applications in detergents, foods, and pharmaceutics due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and customizable structures. Traditional peptide surfactants are often designed in a head-to-tail fashion mimicking chemical surfactants. Alternatively, a side-by-side design pattern based on heptad repeats offers an approach to designing peptide surfactants. However, minimalist peptide design using a single heptad for stabilizing interfaces remains largely unexplored. Here, we design four heptad surfactants (AM1.2, 6H, 6H7K, and HK) responsive to metal ions and compare their emulsification performance with a three-heptad peptide, AM1. Among them, the HK peptide generates emulsions exhibiting good stability over months. We further optimize factors such as buffering salts, ionic strength, and emulsion dilutions to uncover their impacts on emulsion properties. Our findings deepen the understanding of emulsion properties and provide practical insights for characterizing peptide-based emulsions, paving the way for their broader utilization in diverse applications. Peptide surfactants are useful in detergents, foods, and pharmaceutics but their design using a single heptad remains largely unexplored. Here, four heptad surfactants were designed that are responsive to metal ions and show good emulsification properties.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00670-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142443608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-14DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00671-5
Jet-Sing M. Lee
Sonodynamic therapy is a precise and non-invasive anticancer treatment but is ineffective in killing cancer cells and triggering robust immune responses. Now, a dual-ligand bimetallic framework allows controlled nitric oxide release by ultrasound that is effective for sono-immunotherapy.
{"title":"Cancer sono-immunotherapy using a multi-metal-ligand framework","authors":"Jet-Sing M. Lee","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00671-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00671-5","url":null,"abstract":"Sonodynamic therapy is a precise and non-invasive anticancer treatment but is ineffective in killing cancer cells and triggering robust immune responses. Now, a dual-ligand bimetallic framework allows controlled nitric oxide release by ultrasound that is effective for sono-immunotherapy.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00671-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-13DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00669-z
Valentina Perricone, Ezra Sarmiento, Andrew Nguyen, Nigel C. Hughes, David Kisailus
Evolution has generated a sophisticated convergence of material components, ultrastructural designs, and fabrication processes in response to similar selective pressures across a diverse array of extinct and extant species. This review explores three key convergent design strategies: struts for lightweight structures with load-bearing efficiency, sutures for increased flexibility and stress management, and helicoids for impact resistance and fracture toughness. Through this examination, the review sheds light on how evolution can inspire innovative engineering approaches and technologies through the adoption of aspects of natural design. We foresee natural evolutive processes of construction as the informative harbingers of new, advanced, ecologically aware, and energy-efficient modes of human fabrication. The evolutionary process has created natural systems with structures that impart high mechanical performance, providing guidance for biomimetics. Here, the role played by three convergent design strategies – struts, sutures and helicoids – is discussed, spanning their occurrence in nature through to applications.
{"title":"The convergent design evolution of multiscale biomineralized structures in extinct and extant organisms","authors":"Valentina Perricone, Ezra Sarmiento, Andrew Nguyen, Nigel C. Hughes, David Kisailus","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00669-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00669-z","url":null,"abstract":"Evolution has generated a sophisticated convergence of material components, ultrastructural designs, and fabrication processes in response to similar selective pressures across a diverse array of extinct and extant species. This review explores three key convergent design strategies: struts for lightweight structures with load-bearing efficiency, sutures for increased flexibility and stress management, and helicoids for impact resistance and fracture toughness. Through this examination, the review sheds light on how evolution can inspire innovative engineering approaches and technologies through the adoption of aspects of natural design. We foresee natural evolutive processes of construction as the informative harbingers of new, advanced, ecologically aware, and energy-efficient modes of human fabrication. The evolutionary process has created natural systems with structures that impart high mechanical performance, providing guidance for biomimetics. Here, the role played by three convergent design strategies – struts, sutures and helicoids – is discussed, spanning their occurrence in nature through to applications.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00669-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-12DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00666-2
J. N. Graham, H. Liu, V. Sazgari, C. Mielke III, M. Medarde, H. Luetkens, R. Khasanov, Y. Shi, Z. Guguchia
The two-dimensional kagome lattice is an experimental playground for novel physical phenomena, from frustrated magnetism and topological matter to chiral charge order and unconventional superconductivity. A newly identified kagome superconductor, Ta2V3.1Si0.9 has recently gained attention for possessing a record high critical temperature, TC = 7.5 K for kagome metals at ambient pressure. In this study we conducted a series of muon spin rotation measurements to delve deeper into understanding the superconducting and normal state properties of Ta2V3.1Si0.9. We demonstrate that Ta2V3.1Si0.9 is a bulk superconductor with either a s+s-wave or anisotropic s-wave gap symmetry, and has an unusual paramagnetic shift in response to external magnetic fields in the superconducting state. Additionally, we observe an exceptionally low superfluid density − a distinctive characteristic of unconventional superconductivity − which remarkably is comparable to the superfluid density found in hole-doped cuprates. In its normal state, Ta2V3.1Si0.9 exhibits a significant increase in the zero-field muon spin depolarisation rate, starting at approximately 150 K, which has been observed in other kagome-lattice superconductors, and therefore hints at possible hidden magnetism. These findings characterise Ta2V3.1Si0.9 as an unconventional superconductor and a noteworthy new member of the vanadium-based kagome material family. Ta2V3.1Si0.9 is an interesting kagome superconductor with a record-high critical temperature of 7.5 K for kagome metals at ambient pressure. Here, muon spin rotation measurements reveal an unusual paramagnetic shift in response to external magnetic fields and an exceptionally dilute superfluid density despite the high TC, signalling the unconventional nature of superconductivity.
{"title":"Microscopic probing of the superconducting and normal state properties of Ta2V3.1Si0.9 by muon spin rotation","authors":"J. N. Graham, H. Liu, V. Sazgari, C. Mielke III, M. Medarde, H. Luetkens, R. Khasanov, Y. Shi, Z. Guguchia","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00666-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00666-2","url":null,"abstract":"The two-dimensional kagome lattice is an experimental playground for novel physical phenomena, from frustrated magnetism and topological matter to chiral charge order and unconventional superconductivity. A newly identified kagome superconductor, Ta2V3.1Si0.9 has recently gained attention for possessing a record high critical temperature, TC = 7.5 K for kagome metals at ambient pressure. In this study we conducted a series of muon spin rotation measurements to delve deeper into understanding the superconducting and normal state properties of Ta2V3.1Si0.9. We demonstrate that Ta2V3.1Si0.9 is a bulk superconductor with either a s+s-wave or anisotropic s-wave gap symmetry, and has an unusual paramagnetic shift in response to external magnetic fields in the superconducting state. Additionally, we observe an exceptionally low superfluid density − a distinctive characteristic of unconventional superconductivity − which remarkably is comparable to the superfluid density found in hole-doped cuprates. In its normal state, Ta2V3.1Si0.9 exhibits a significant increase in the zero-field muon spin depolarisation rate, starting at approximately 150 K, which has been observed in other kagome-lattice superconductors, and therefore hints at possible hidden magnetism. These findings characterise Ta2V3.1Si0.9 as an unconventional superconductor and a noteworthy new member of the vanadium-based kagome material family. Ta2V3.1Si0.9 is an interesting kagome superconductor with a record-high critical temperature of 7.5 K for kagome metals at ambient pressure. Here, muon spin rotation measurements reveal an unusual paramagnetic shift in response to external magnetic fields and an exceptionally dilute superfluid density despite the high TC, signalling the unconventional nature of superconductivity.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00666-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142415384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-12DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00664-4
Vahid Moosabeiki, Afaq Khan, Mauricio Cruz Saldivar, Wim Van Paepegem, Brend P. Jonker, Eppo B. Wolvius, Jie Zhou, Nazli Tumer, Mohammad J. Mirzaali, Amir A. Zadpoor
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) replacement prostheses often face limitations in accommodating translational movements, leading to unnatural kinematics and loading conditions, which affect functionality and longevity. Here, we investigate the potential of functionally graded materials (FGMs) in TMJ prostheses to enhance mandibular kinematics and reduce joint reaction forces. We develop a functionally graded artificial cartilage for the TMJ implant and evaluate five FGM designs: hard, hard-soft, and three FGM gradients with gradual transitions from 90% hard material to 0%, 10%, and 20%. These designs are 3D printed, mechanically tested under quasi-static compression, and simulated under physiological conditions. Results from computational modeling and experiments are compared to an intact mandible during incisal clenching and left group biting. The FGM design with a transition from 90% to 0% hard material improves kinematics by 19% and decreases perfomance by 3%, reduces joint reaction forces by 8% and 10%, and increases mandibular movement by 20% and 88% during incisal clenching and left group biting, respectively. These findings provide valuable insights for next-generation TMJ implants. Temporomandibular joint prostheses have limitations in their translational movements that affect functionality and longevity. Here, a 3D-printed functionally graded artificial cartilage attached to the temporomandibular joint implant improves the mandibular kinematics and movement range.
{"title":"Multi-material 3D printing of functionally graded soft-hard interfaces for enhancing mandibular kinematics of temporomandibular joint replacement prostheses","authors":"Vahid Moosabeiki, Afaq Khan, Mauricio Cruz Saldivar, Wim Van Paepegem, Brend P. Jonker, Eppo B. Wolvius, Jie Zhou, Nazli Tumer, Mohammad J. Mirzaali, Amir A. Zadpoor","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00664-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00664-4","url":null,"abstract":"Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) replacement prostheses often face limitations in accommodating translational movements, leading to unnatural kinematics and loading conditions, which affect functionality and longevity. Here, we investigate the potential of functionally graded materials (FGMs) in TMJ prostheses to enhance mandibular kinematics and reduce joint reaction forces. We develop a functionally graded artificial cartilage for the TMJ implant and evaluate five FGM designs: hard, hard-soft, and three FGM gradients with gradual transitions from 90% hard material to 0%, 10%, and 20%. These designs are 3D printed, mechanically tested under quasi-static compression, and simulated under physiological conditions. Results from computational modeling and experiments are compared to an intact mandible during incisal clenching and left group biting. The FGM design with a transition from 90% to 0% hard material improves kinematics by 19% and decreases perfomance by 3%, reduces joint reaction forces by 8% and 10%, and increases mandibular movement by 20% and 88% during incisal clenching and left group biting, respectively. These findings provide valuable insights for next-generation TMJ implants. Temporomandibular joint prostheses have limitations in their translational movements that affect functionality and longevity. Here, a 3D-printed functionally graded artificial cartilage attached to the temporomandibular joint implant improves the mandibular kinematics and movement range.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00664-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142415420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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