Pub Date : 2024-06-13DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00531-2
Sonia Cambiaso, Fabio Rasera, Antonio Tinti, Davide Bochicchio, Yaroslav Grosu, Giulia Rossi, Alberto Giacomello
Hydrophobic nanoporous materials can only be intruded by water forcibly, typically increasing pressure. For some materials, water extrudes when the pressure is lowered again. Controlling intrusion/extrusion hysteresis is central in technological applications, including energy materials, high performance liquid chromatography, and liquid porosimetry, but its molecular determinants are still elusive. Here, we consider water intrusion/extrusion in mesoporous materials grafted with hydrophobic chains, showing that intrusion/extrusion is ruled by microscopic heterogeneities in the grafting. For example, intrusion/extrusion pressures can vary more than 60 MPa depending on the chain length and grafting density. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations reveal that local changes in radius and contact angle produced by grafting heterogeneities can pin the water interface during intrusion or facilitate vapor bubble nucleation in extrusion. These microscopic insights can directly impact the design of energy materials and chromatography columns, as well as the interpretation of porosimetry results. Water intrusion/extrusion in nanoporous materials is a key step in a number of applications. Here, it is found that intrusion/extrusion pressure in mesoporous materials grafted with hydrophobic chains is controlled by local grafting heteregoneities and can vary by as much as 60 MPa.
{"title":"Local grafting heterogeneities control water intrusion and extrusion in nanopores","authors":"Sonia Cambiaso, Fabio Rasera, Antonio Tinti, Davide Bochicchio, Yaroslav Grosu, Giulia Rossi, Alberto Giacomello","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00531-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00531-2","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrophobic nanoporous materials can only be intruded by water forcibly, typically increasing pressure. For some materials, water extrudes when the pressure is lowered again. Controlling intrusion/extrusion hysteresis is central in technological applications, including energy materials, high performance liquid chromatography, and liquid porosimetry, but its molecular determinants are still elusive. Here, we consider water intrusion/extrusion in mesoporous materials grafted with hydrophobic chains, showing that intrusion/extrusion is ruled by microscopic heterogeneities in the grafting. For example, intrusion/extrusion pressures can vary more than 60 MPa depending on the chain length and grafting density. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations reveal that local changes in radius and contact angle produced by grafting heterogeneities can pin the water interface during intrusion or facilitate vapor bubble nucleation in extrusion. These microscopic insights can directly impact the design of energy materials and chromatography columns, as well as the interpretation of porosimetry results. Water intrusion/extrusion in nanoporous materials is a key step in a number of applications. Here, it is found that intrusion/extrusion pressure in mesoporous materials grafted with hydrophobic chains is controlled by local grafting heteregoneities and can vary by as much as 60 MPa.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00531-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141329453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00541-0
Simin Cheng, Ruiqi Zhu, Xiaomin Xu
Overcoming the mechanical disparities between implantable neural electrodes and biological tissue is crucial in mitigating immune responses, reducing shear motion, and ensuring durable functionality. Emerging hydrogel-based neural interfaces, with their volumetric capacitance, customizable conductivity, and tissue-mimicking mechanical properties, offer a more efficient, less detrimental, and chronically stable alternative to their rigid counterparts. Here, we provide an overview of the exceptional advantages of hydrogels for the development of next-generation neural interfaces and highlight recent advancements that are transforming the field. Materials are needed that can form stable interfaces with neurons, and soft materials are the most promising for this. Here, the advantages and challenges associated with neural interfaces using hydrogels, particularly conductive hydrogels, are discussed.
{"title":"Hydrogels for next generation neural interfaces","authors":"Simin Cheng, Ruiqi Zhu, Xiaomin Xu","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00541-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00541-0","url":null,"abstract":"Overcoming the mechanical disparities between implantable neural electrodes and biological tissue is crucial in mitigating immune responses, reducing shear motion, and ensuring durable functionality. Emerging hydrogel-based neural interfaces, with their volumetric capacitance, customizable conductivity, and tissue-mimicking mechanical properties, offer a more efficient, less detrimental, and chronically stable alternative to their rigid counterparts. Here, we provide an overview of the exceptional advantages of hydrogels for the development of next-generation neural interfaces and highlight recent advancements that are transforming the field. Materials are needed that can form stable interfaces with neurons, and soft materials are the most promising for this. Here, the advantages and challenges associated with neural interfaces using hydrogels, particularly conductive hydrogels, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00541-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141308928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-08DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00539-8
Junichi Usuba, Zhenhuan Sun, Han P. Q. Nguyen, Cijil Raju, Klaus Schmidt-Rohr, Grace G. D. Han
Conventional topochemical photopolymerization reactions occur exclusively in precisely-engineered photoactive crystalline states, which often produces high-insoluble polymers. To mitigate this, here, we report the mechanoactivation of photostable styryldipyrylium-based monomers, which results in their amorphization-enabled solid-state photopolymerization and produces soluble and processable amorphous polymers. A combination of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction, and absorption/fluorescence spectroscopy reveals the crucial role of a mechanically-disordered monomer phase in yielding polymers via photo-induced [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction. Hence, mechanoactivation and amorphization can expand the scope of topochemical polymerization conditions to open up opportunities for generating polymers that are otherwise difficult to synthesize and analyze. Mechanical grinding of crystals aids in converting photostable polymorph to a photoactive one but is not widely applied to organic polymers. Here, mechanoactivation and amorphization of photostable styryldipyrylium ionic monomers are demonstrated.
{"title":"Mechanoactivated amorphization and photopolymerization of styryldipyryliums","authors":"Junichi Usuba, Zhenhuan Sun, Han P. Q. Nguyen, Cijil Raju, Klaus Schmidt-Rohr, Grace G. D. Han","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00539-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00539-8","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional topochemical photopolymerization reactions occur exclusively in precisely-engineered photoactive crystalline states, which often produces high-insoluble polymers. To mitigate this, here, we report the mechanoactivation of photostable styryldipyrylium-based monomers, which results in their amorphization-enabled solid-state photopolymerization and produces soluble and processable amorphous polymers. A combination of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction, and absorption/fluorescence spectroscopy reveals the crucial role of a mechanically-disordered monomer phase in yielding polymers via photo-induced [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction. Hence, mechanoactivation and amorphization can expand the scope of topochemical polymerization conditions to open up opportunities for generating polymers that are otherwise difficult to synthesize and analyze. Mechanical grinding of crystals aids in converting photostable polymorph to a photoactive one but is not widely applied to organic polymers. Here, mechanoactivation and amorphization of photostable styryldipyrylium ionic monomers are demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00539-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141292661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00540-1
Zhuoqing Ran, Jie Xu, Wenyan Zeng, Yongping Leng, Bin Wu, Xueqing Zhan, Fang-Chang Tsai, Ning Ma
As global environmental issues increase, sustainable use, disposal, and production of materials play an important role. The world produces 1.3 billion tons of food waste annually, of which about 15% are edible fruit peels. Here, we use freeze-dried orange peels as the main material in a hydrogel to prepare a flexible, natural, biocompatible, and sustainably produced electronic skin. We introduce the lyophilized mesocarp of orange and a copper-based metal-organic framework into a polyvinyl alcohol/hyaluronic acid matrix hydrogel, which can occur under mild conditions. The design allows the polymers to connect through intermolecular interactions rather than covalent bonding, which improves the material’s mechanical properties while retaining the self-healing ability. The orange peel-based hydrogel exhibits high elongation at break (290%), enhanced tensile stress, self-healing, conductivity (0.14 S/m), and antibacterial properties (95.3%). These results demonstrate an option for environmentally friendly materials for electronic skin. Sustainable production of materials is important as global environmental issues increase. Here, orange peels are incorporated as the main material in a hydrogel to prepare a flexible, natural, biocompatible, and sustainably produced electronic skin.
{"title":"An orange peel-based hydrogel composite for touch-responsive electronic skin","authors":"Zhuoqing Ran, Jie Xu, Wenyan Zeng, Yongping Leng, Bin Wu, Xueqing Zhan, Fang-Chang Tsai, Ning Ma","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00540-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00540-1","url":null,"abstract":"As global environmental issues increase, sustainable use, disposal, and production of materials play an important role. The world produces 1.3 billion tons of food waste annually, of which about 15% are edible fruit peels. Here, we use freeze-dried orange peels as the main material in a hydrogel to prepare a flexible, natural, biocompatible, and sustainably produced electronic skin. We introduce the lyophilized mesocarp of orange and a copper-based metal-organic framework into a polyvinyl alcohol/hyaluronic acid matrix hydrogel, which can occur under mild conditions. The design allows the polymers to connect through intermolecular interactions rather than covalent bonding, which improves the material’s mechanical properties while retaining the self-healing ability. The orange peel-based hydrogel exhibits high elongation at break (290%), enhanced tensile stress, self-healing, conductivity (0.14 S/m), and antibacterial properties (95.3%). These results demonstrate an option for environmentally friendly materials for electronic skin. Sustainable production of materials is important as global environmental issues increase. Here, orange peels are incorporated as the main material in a hydrogel to prepare a flexible, natural, biocompatible, and sustainably produced electronic skin.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00540-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141292662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00533-0
Xiangyu Chen, Lu Qiu, Mengsen Zhang, Jia Huang, Zhi Tao
Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) play an important role in various load-bearing applications. However, fabricating CMCs with both high toughness and stiffness, which are normally mutually exclusive properties, is challenging. Here, we develop an SiOC composite film reinforced with nanoscale tungsten-based particles with a structure and property gradient by integrating hybrid nanoparticle inkjet printing and selective laser sintering. Mechanical results of the resulting SiOC-WOx films exhibit a stiffness-toughness co-enhancement, including a 2-fold improvement in hardness and modulus, and a 3.8-fold better fracture toughness than the matrix material. Moreover, the films exhibit interfacial bonding strengths of up to 86.6 MPa and operate stably at 1050 °C. This performance is attributed to a gradient in the metal-to-ceramic composition and uniformly dispersed self-assembled nanoscale reinforcing particles. This nanoparticle laser sintering method could be used to prepare other materials with structure and property gradients. Ceramic matrix composites offer a unique combination of properties that make them suitable for use in applications that include aerospace and energy. Here, a nanoparticle-reinforced SiOC film composite is reported with high strength and toughness, attributed in-part to a gradient structure.
{"title":"Nanoparticle-reinforced SiOC ceramic matrix composite films with structure gradient fabricated by inkjet printing and laser sintering","authors":"Xiangyu Chen, Lu Qiu, Mengsen Zhang, Jia Huang, Zhi Tao","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00533-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00533-0","url":null,"abstract":"Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) play an important role in various load-bearing applications. However, fabricating CMCs with both high toughness and stiffness, which are normally mutually exclusive properties, is challenging. Here, we develop an SiOC composite film reinforced with nanoscale tungsten-based particles with a structure and property gradient by integrating hybrid nanoparticle inkjet printing and selective laser sintering. Mechanical results of the resulting SiOC-WOx films exhibit a stiffness-toughness co-enhancement, including a 2-fold improvement in hardness and modulus, and a 3.8-fold better fracture toughness than the matrix material. Moreover, the films exhibit interfacial bonding strengths of up to 86.6 MPa and operate stably at 1050 °C. This performance is attributed to a gradient in the metal-to-ceramic composition and uniformly dispersed self-assembled nanoscale reinforcing particles. This nanoparticle laser sintering method could be used to prepare other materials with structure and property gradients. Ceramic matrix composites offer a unique combination of properties that make them suitable for use in applications that include aerospace and energy. Here, a nanoparticle-reinforced SiOC film composite is reported with high strength and toughness, attributed in-part to a gradient structure.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00533-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141292660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-06DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00532-1
Lingfang Cui, Huinan Che, Bin Liu, Yanhui Ao
Solar-driven interfacial water evaporation shows great potential to address the global water crisis, but its efficient implementation in the presence of organic wastewater remains challenging. Here, we achieved integrated water evaporation and organic compound degradation by designing a multifunctional MoS2 membrane. Under 1.0 sun irradiation, the membrane exhibits an evaporation rate of 2.07 kg m−2 h−1 and 82% degradation efficiency of organic pollutants, with negligible organic pollutant residues in the condensate. The high performance is attributed to the thermal energy generated by the evaporation process of MoS2 membrane. This promotes an increase in the rate constant of interfacial electron transfer during the photocatalytic reaction, accelerating the generation of free radicals and facilitating the removal of organic pollutants. The study demonstrated that fresh water can be collected from high-salinity wastewater at a rate of 1.56 kg m−2 h−1. The MoS2 membrane provides a sustainable approach to addressing the water crisis. Solar-driven treatment of organic wastewater is important for ensuring clean water access. Here, integrated water evaporation and organic compound degradation is achieved in an MoS2-based membrane, achieving an evaporation rate of 2.07 kg m−2 h−1 and 82% degradation efficiency for organic pollutants.
太阳能驱动的界面水蒸发在解决全球水危机方面显示出巨大的潜力，但在有机废水存在的情况下有效实施这一技术仍具有挑战性。在这里，我们通过设计一种多功能 MoS2 膜，实现了水蒸发和有机化合物降解的一体化。在 1.0 太阳光照射下，该膜的蒸发率为 2.07 kg m-2 h-1，有机污染物的降解效率为 82%，冷凝液中的有机污染物残留量几乎可以忽略不计。高性能归功于 MoS2 膜蒸发过程中产生的热能。这促进了光催化反应过程中界面电子传递速率常数的增加，加速了自由基的生成，有利于有机污染物的去除。研究表明，从高盐度废水中收集淡水的速度可达 1.56 kg m-2 h-1。MoS2 膜为解决水危机提供了一种可持续的方法。太阳能驱动的有机废水处理对确保获得清洁水非常重要。在这里，基于 MoS2 的膜实现了水蒸发和有机化合物降解的一体化，蒸发率达到 2.07 kg m-2 h-1，有机污染物降解效率达到 82%。
{"title":"Multifunctional MoS2 membrane for integrated solar-driven water evaporation and water purification","authors":"Lingfang Cui, Huinan Che, Bin Liu, Yanhui Ao","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00532-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00532-1","url":null,"abstract":"Solar-driven interfacial water evaporation shows great potential to address the global water crisis, but its efficient implementation in the presence of organic wastewater remains challenging. Here, we achieved integrated water evaporation and organic compound degradation by designing a multifunctional MoS2 membrane. Under 1.0 sun irradiation, the membrane exhibits an evaporation rate of 2.07 kg m−2 h−1 and 82% degradation efficiency of organic pollutants, with negligible organic pollutant residues in the condensate. The high performance is attributed to the thermal energy generated by the evaporation process of MoS2 membrane. This promotes an increase in the rate constant of interfacial electron transfer during the photocatalytic reaction, accelerating the generation of free radicals and facilitating the removal of organic pollutants. The study demonstrated that fresh water can be collected from high-salinity wastewater at a rate of 1.56 kg m−2 h−1. The MoS2 membrane provides a sustainable approach to addressing the water crisis. Solar-driven treatment of organic wastewater is important for ensuring clean water access. Here, integrated water evaporation and organic compound degradation is achieved in an MoS2-based membrane, achieving an evaporation rate of 2.07 kg m−2 h−1 and 82% degradation efficiency for organic pollutants.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00532-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141287027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-06DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00538-9
Amey Luktuke, Alan L. Kastengren, Viktor Nikitin, Hamidreza Torbati-Sarraf, Nikhilesh Chawla
Next-generation electronic packaging strategies like heterogeneous integration packaging necessitate low melting temperature solder alloys. The Sn-58Bi alloy is notable candidate for its low melting point, but the development of coarse Bi particles during solidification adversely affects the joint’s mechanical properties. The mechanisms determining the morphology of these Bi particles remain unexplored. Here, we employ a 4D investigation of the solder solidification process. We observe the growth of novel pyramidal morphology of precipitating Bi in-situ during the solidification. We decipher the growth mechanisms that lead to the pyramidal shape of Bi crystals. The crystallographic nature of the pyramid facets and the inaccuracies in the Jackson factor prediction of interface stability for semimetals is investigated in detail. An alternative way of analyzing the atomic configuration for a stable solid-liquid interface is proposed. Finally, the effect of grain boundary defect formation on the growth morphology of Bi crystals is studied. Tin-bismuth alloy solders are used in electronic packaging, but the formation of bismuth particles is known to be detrimental to the mechanical performance of joints. Here, 4D x-ray microtomography is used to study the formation of pyramidal bismuth crystals during the solidification of eutectic Sn-58Bi.
下一代电子封装战略（如异质集成封装）需要低熔点的焊料合金。Sn-58Bi 合金因其熔点低而备受青睐，但在凝固过程中产生的粗大 Bi 粒子会对焊点的机械性能产生不利影响。决定这些 Bi 颗粒形态的机制仍未得到研究。在此，我们对焊料凝固过程进行了 4D 研究。在凝固过程中，我们观察到析出的铋在原位形成了新的金字塔形态。我们破译了导致铋晶体呈金字塔形的生长机制。我们详细研究了金字塔面的晶体学性质以及 Jackson 因子对半金属界面稳定性预测的不准确性。还提出了分析稳定固液界面原子构型的另一种方法。最后，研究了晶界缺陷的形成对铋晶体生长形态的影响。锡铋合金焊料用于电子封装，但铋颗粒的形成对接头的机械性能有害。这里使用 4D X 射线显微层析技术研究了共晶 Sn-58Bi 凝固过程中金字塔形铋晶体的形成。
{"title":"Bismuth pyramid formation during solidification of eutectic tin-bismuth alloy using 4D X-ray microtomography","authors":"Amey Luktuke, Alan L. Kastengren, Viktor Nikitin, Hamidreza Torbati-Sarraf, Nikhilesh Chawla","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00538-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00538-9","url":null,"abstract":"Next-generation electronic packaging strategies like heterogeneous integration packaging necessitate low melting temperature solder alloys. The Sn-58Bi alloy is notable candidate for its low melting point, but the development of coarse Bi particles during solidification adversely affects the joint’s mechanical properties. The mechanisms determining the morphology of these Bi particles remain unexplored. Here, we employ a 4D investigation of the solder solidification process. We observe the growth of novel pyramidal morphology of precipitating Bi in-situ during the solidification. We decipher the growth mechanisms that lead to the pyramidal shape of Bi crystals. The crystallographic nature of the pyramid facets and the inaccuracies in the Jackson factor prediction of interface stability for semimetals is investigated in detail. An alternative way of analyzing the atomic configuration for a stable solid-liquid interface is proposed. Finally, the effect of grain boundary defect formation on the growth morphology of Bi crystals is studied. Tin-bismuth alloy solders are used in electronic packaging, but the formation of bismuth particles is known to be detrimental to the mechanical performance of joints. Here, 4D x-ray microtomography is used to study the formation of pyramidal bismuth crystals during the solidification of eutectic Sn-58Bi.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00538-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141287017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00529-w
Konstantinos Kaleris, Emmanouil Kaniolakis-Kaloudis, Nikolaos Aravantinos-Zafiris, Dionysios. T. G. Katerelos, Vassilis M. Dimitriou, Makis Bakarezos, Michael Tatarakis, John Mourjopoulos, Michail M. Sigalas, Nektarios A. Papadogiannis
Phononic crystals and acoustic metamaterials are expected to become an important enabling technology for science and industry. Currently, various experimental methods are used for evaluation of acoustic meta-structures, such as impedance tubes and anechoic chambers. Here we present a method for the precise characterization of acoustic meta-structures that utilizes rapid broadband acoustic pulses generated by point-like and effectively massless laser plasma sound sources. The method allows for broadband frequency response and directivity evaluations of meta-structures with arbitrary geometries in multiple sound propagation axes while also enabling acoustic excitation inside the structure. Experimental results are presented from acoustic evaluations of various phononic crystals with band gaps in the audible range, notably also in the very low frequencies, validating the predictions of numerical models with high accuracy. The proposed method is expected to boost research and commercial adoption of acoustic metamaterials in the near future. Phononic crystals and acoustic metamaterials hold great promise in advancing technology and scientific understanding of materials. Here, the authors demonstrate a characterization method for acoustic meta-structures based on broadband acoustic pulses generated by laser-plasma sound sources.
{"title":"Acoustic metamaterials characterization via laser plasma sound sources","authors":"Konstantinos Kaleris, Emmanouil Kaniolakis-Kaloudis, Nikolaos Aravantinos-Zafiris, Dionysios. T. G. Katerelos, Vassilis M. Dimitriou, Makis Bakarezos, Michael Tatarakis, John Mourjopoulos, Michail M. Sigalas, Nektarios A. Papadogiannis","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00529-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00529-w","url":null,"abstract":"Phononic crystals and acoustic metamaterials are expected to become an important enabling technology for science and industry. Currently, various experimental methods are used for evaluation of acoustic meta-structures, such as impedance tubes and anechoic chambers. Here we present a method for the precise characterization of acoustic meta-structures that utilizes rapid broadband acoustic pulses generated by point-like and effectively massless laser plasma sound sources. The method allows for broadband frequency response and directivity evaluations of meta-structures with arbitrary geometries in multiple sound propagation axes while also enabling acoustic excitation inside the structure. Experimental results are presented from acoustic evaluations of various phononic crystals with band gaps in the audible range, notably also in the very low frequencies, validating the predictions of numerical models with high accuracy. The proposed method is expected to boost research and commercial adoption of acoustic metamaterials in the near future. Phononic crystals and acoustic metamaterials hold great promise in advancing technology and scientific understanding of materials. Here, the authors demonstrate a characterization method for acoustic meta-structures based on broadband acoustic pulses generated by laser-plasma sound sources.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00529-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141246207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rising demand for freshwater and the challenge of energy scarcity have fueled interest in solar interfacial water evaporation technology, which harnesses solar energy to produce clean water. Attaining high performance with this technology necessitates the development of highly efficient photothermal materials, heat management optimization, and the resolution of salt deposition issues to ensure equipment longevity. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) possess large specific surface areas and high porosity, making them ideal for various water treatment applications. In recent years, MOFs have been extensively employed for solar-driven desalination. Here, we review recent developments in the functionalization of MOFs thin films, composites and MOFs-based derivatives and strategies for achieving efficient seawater desalination with MOFs while preventing salt deposition. Furthermore, desalination systems that integrate pollutant degradation and power generation are discussed, which further expand the application scenarios of solar-driven interfacial water evaporation desalination technologies. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are used in a range of functional applications, often due to their high porosity. Here, the use of MOFs in solar-powered desalination is discussed, covering the materials, the issue of salt deposition, and systems that combine desalination with pollutant degradation and power generation.
{"title":"Metal-organic frameworks for solar-driven desalination","authors":"Panyouwen Zhang, Yue Hu, Bing Yao, Jingyun Guo, Zhizhen Ye, Xinsheng Peng","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00534-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00534-z","url":null,"abstract":"The rising demand for freshwater and the challenge of energy scarcity have fueled interest in solar interfacial water evaporation technology, which harnesses solar energy to produce clean water. Attaining high performance with this technology necessitates the development of highly efficient photothermal materials, heat management optimization, and the resolution of salt deposition issues to ensure equipment longevity. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) possess large specific surface areas and high porosity, making them ideal for various water treatment applications. In recent years, MOFs have been extensively employed for solar-driven desalination. Here, we review recent developments in the functionalization of MOFs thin films, composites and MOFs-based derivatives and strategies for achieving efficient seawater desalination with MOFs while preventing salt deposition. Furthermore, desalination systems that integrate pollutant degradation and power generation are discussed, which further expand the application scenarios of solar-driven interfacial water evaporation desalination technologies. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are used in a range of functional applications, often due to their high porosity. Here, the use of MOFs in solar-powered desalination is discussed, covering the materials, the issue of salt deposition, and systems that combine desalination with pollutant degradation and power generation.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00534-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141246212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00530-3
Luke J. Sutherland, Juan Benitez-Rodriguez, Doojin Vak, Shiqin Yan, Narendra Pai, Jacek Jasieniak, Mei Gao, George P. Simon, Hasitha C. Weerasinghe
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with evaporated gold (Au) electrodes have shown great efficiencies, but the maturity of the technology demands low-cost and scalable alternatives to progress towards commercialisation. Carbon electrode-based PSCs (C-PSCs) represent a promising alternative, however, optimising the interface between the hole transport layer (HTL) and the carbon electrode without damaging the underlying functional layers is a persistent challenge. Here, we describe a lamination technique using an isostatic press that can apply exceedingly high pressure to physically form an HTL/carbon interface on par with vacuum-evaporated electrodes, without damaging the device. Research-scale C-PSCs with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 20.8% are demonstrated along with large-area C-PSCs with PCEs of 19.8% and 16.9% for cell areas of 0.95 cm2 and 5.5 cm2, respectively. The unencapsulated C-PSCs significantly outperform the Au-electrode devices in accelerated operational stability testing (ISOS-L-1), retaining 84% of the initial PCE after 1000 h. Additionally, this versatile technique is also used to fabricate flexible, roll-to-roll printed C-PSCs with efficiencies of up to 15.8%. Carbon electrode-based perovskite solar cells require a high-quality interface between the hole transport layer and the electrode. Here, lamination using an isostatic press is used to form this interface, achieving a power conversion efficiency of 16.9% for a 5.5 cm2 area device.
{"title":"A high-pressure isostatic lamination technique to fabricate versatile carbon electrode-based perovskite solar cells","authors":"Luke J. Sutherland, Juan Benitez-Rodriguez, Doojin Vak, Shiqin Yan, Narendra Pai, Jacek Jasieniak, Mei Gao, George P. Simon, Hasitha C. Weerasinghe","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00530-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00530-3","url":null,"abstract":"Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with evaporated gold (Au) electrodes have shown great efficiencies, but the maturity of the technology demands low-cost and scalable alternatives to progress towards commercialisation. Carbon electrode-based PSCs (C-PSCs) represent a promising alternative, however, optimising the interface between the hole transport layer (HTL) and the carbon electrode without damaging the underlying functional layers is a persistent challenge. Here, we describe a lamination technique using an isostatic press that can apply exceedingly high pressure to physically form an HTL/carbon interface on par with vacuum-evaporated electrodes, without damaging the device. Research-scale C-PSCs with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 20.8% are demonstrated along with large-area C-PSCs with PCEs of 19.8% and 16.9% for cell areas of 0.95 cm2 and 5.5 cm2, respectively. The unencapsulated C-PSCs significantly outperform the Au-electrode devices in accelerated operational stability testing (ISOS-L-1), retaining 84% of the initial PCE after 1000 h. Additionally, this versatile technique is also used to fabricate flexible, roll-to-roll printed C-PSCs with efficiencies of up to 15.8%. Carbon electrode-based perovskite solar cells require a high-quality interface between the hole transport layer and the electrode. Here, lamination using an isostatic press is used to form this interface, achieving a power conversion efficiency of 16.9% for a 5.5 cm2 area device.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00530-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141197588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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