Metallic implants are integral in modern medicine, offering excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties. However, implant-related infections pose a major challenge. Current drug delivery methods, such as surface-coated and drug-eluting implants, are limited by finite drug supplies and complex manufacturing steps. Recent approaches like local drug synthesis, including enzyme-prodrug therapies, present innovative solutions but are hampered by the inherent limitations of enzymes as well as complex procedures. Here, we introduce a simpler alternative: using the intrinsic properties of implant materials to activate prodrugs. Through a simple thermal treatment, metallic implants gain catalytic properties to locally generate nitric oxide, an antibacterial agent. Our findings show this treatment is non-toxic to cells, does not affect cell proliferation rates, and effectively inhibits bacterial biofilm formation. This material-driven approach eliminates the need for external chemical or enzymatic interventions, offering a promising solution to prevent implant-related infections and improve patient outcomes in implant medicine. There are multiple strategies to tackle metallic implant-related infections, but they are complex. Here, a simple thermal treatment process endows metallic implant materials with catalytic properties to locally generate nitric oxide as an effective antibacterial agent.
{"title":"Nitric oxide-generating metallic wires for enhanced metal implants","authors":"Federico Mazur, Yingzhu Zhou, Gervase Ng, Qingqing Fan, Andy-Hoai Pham, Cyrille Boyer, Rona Chandrawati","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00564-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00564-7","url":null,"abstract":"Metallic implants are integral in modern medicine, offering excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties. However, implant-related infections pose a major challenge. Current drug delivery methods, such as surface-coated and drug-eluting implants, are limited by finite drug supplies and complex manufacturing steps. Recent approaches like local drug synthesis, including enzyme-prodrug therapies, present innovative solutions but are hampered by the inherent limitations of enzymes as well as complex procedures. Here, we introduce a simpler alternative: using the intrinsic properties of implant materials to activate prodrugs. Through a simple thermal treatment, metallic implants gain catalytic properties to locally generate nitric oxide, an antibacterial agent. Our findings show this treatment is non-toxic to cells, does not affect cell proliferation rates, and effectively inhibits bacterial biofilm formation. This material-driven approach eliminates the need for external chemical or enzymatic interventions, offering a promising solution to prevent implant-related infections and improve patient outcomes in implant medicine. There are multiple strategies to tackle metallic implant-related infections, but they are complex. Here, a simple thermal treatment process endows metallic implant materials with catalytic properties to locally generate nitric oxide as an effective antibacterial agent.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00564-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141639677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00556-7
Jet-Sing M. Lee
Sodium-ion battery safety can be improved by using non-flammable electrolytes, but they are traditionally incompatible with carbon-based anodes. Now, low-concentration phosphate electrolytes modulated by anion-cation interactions are shown to work well with standard electrodes, displaying stable operation over a wide temperature range.
{"title":"Anion-cation interactions dictate safe and stable electrolytes for sodium-ion batteries","authors":"Jet-Sing M. Lee","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00556-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00556-7","url":null,"abstract":"Sodium-ion battery safety can be improved by using non-flammable electrolytes, but they are traditionally incompatible with carbon-based anodes. Now, low-concentration phosphate electrolytes modulated by anion-cation interactions are shown to work well with standard electrodes, displaying stable operation over a wide temperature range.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00556-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141565910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-06DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00554-9
Zhiyuan Wei, Shaozhi Li, Bo Liu, Xiupeng Sun, Yinqi Hu, Shuai Sun, Shuting Peng, Yang Luo, Linwei Huai, Jianchang Shen, Bingqian Wang, Yu Miao, Zhipeng Ou, Yao Wang, Kun Jiang, Junfeng He
In conventional superconductors, Bogoliubov quasiparticles and Cooper instability provide a paradigm to describe the superconducting state and the superconducting transition, respectively. However, whether these concepts can be adapted to describe Fe-based superconductors requires rigorous examinations from experiments. Here, we report angle-resolved photoemission studies on single-layer FeSe films grown on SrTiO3 substrate. Due to the improved clarity, our results reveal both particle and hole branches of the energy band with clear quasiparticles. The dispersion and coherence factors are extracted, which unveil the particle-hole mixed Bogoliubov quasiparticles in the superconducting state of the FeSe/STO films. Effective pairing susceptibility is also deduced as a function of temperature, which indicates the persistence of Cooper instability in Fe-based superconductors. It is still under debate whether unconventional superconductors can still be described in terms of Bogoliubov quasiparticles in the superconducting state. Here, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements on FeSe/SrTiO3 films reveal particle-hole mixed Bogoliubov quasiparticles, despite the likely unconventional pairing mechanism.
{"title":"Particle-hole mixed Bogoliubov quasiparticles and Cooper instability in single-unit-cell FeSe/SrTiO3 films","authors":"Zhiyuan Wei, Shaozhi Li, Bo Liu, Xiupeng Sun, Yinqi Hu, Shuai Sun, Shuting Peng, Yang Luo, Linwei Huai, Jianchang Shen, Bingqian Wang, Yu Miao, Zhipeng Ou, Yao Wang, Kun Jiang, Junfeng He","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00554-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00554-9","url":null,"abstract":"In conventional superconductors, Bogoliubov quasiparticles and Cooper instability provide a paradigm to describe the superconducting state and the superconducting transition, respectively. However, whether these concepts can be adapted to describe Fe-based superconductors requires rigorous examinations from experiments. Here, we report angle-resolved photoemission studies on single-layer FeSe films grown on SrTiO3 substrate. Due to the improved clarity, our results reveal both particle and hole branches of the energy band with clear quasiparticles. The dispersion and coherence factors are extracted, which unveil the particle-hole mixed Bogoliubov quasiparticles in the superconducting state of the FeSe/STO films. Effective pairing susceptibility is also deduced as a function of temperature, which indicates the persistence of Cooper instability in Fe-based superconductors. It is still under debate whether unconventional superconductors can still be described in terms of Bogoliubov quasiparticles in the superconducting state. Here, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements on FeSe/SrTiO3 films reveal particle-hole mixed Bogoliubov quasiparticles, despite the likely unconventional pairing mechanism.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00554-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141545764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00549-6
Masoud Mansouri, Cristina Díaz, Fernando Martín
Silicon carbide has emerged as an optimal semiconducting support for graphene growth. In previous studies, the formation of an interfacial graphene-like buffer layer covalently bonded to silicon carbide has been observed, revealing electronic properties distinct from ideal graphene. Despite extensive experimental efforts dedicated to this interface, theoretical investigations have been confined to its ground state. Here, we use many-body perturbation theory to study the electronic and optical characteristics of this interface and demonstrate its potential for optoelectronics. By adsorbing graphene, we show that the quasiparticle band structure exhibits a reduced bandgap, associated with an optical onset in the visible energy window. Furthermore, we reveal that the absorption of two prototypical electron-accepting molecules on this substrate results in a significant renormalization of the adsorbate gap, giving rise to distinct low-lying optically excited states in the near-infrared region. These states are well-separated from the substrate’s absorption bands, ensuring wavelength selectivity for molecular optoelectronic applications. The electronic features of graphene/silicon carbide have been well studied experimentally but theoretical investigations are still preliminary. Here, many-body perturbation theory reveals the electronic and optical characteristics of this interface and shows its advantages for optoelectronics.
{"title":"Optoelectronic properties of electron-acceptor molecules adsorbed on graphene/silicon carbide interfaces","authors":"Masoud Mansouri, Cristina Díaz, Fernando Martín","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00549-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00549-6","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon carbide has emerged as an optimal semiconducting support for graphene growth. In previous studies, the formation of an interfacial graphene-like buffer layer covalently bonded to silicon carbide has been observed, revealing electronic properties distinct from ideal graphene. Despite extensive experimental efforts dedicated to this interface, theoretical investigations have been confined to its ground state. Here, we use many-body perturbation theory to study the electronic and optical characteristics of this interface and demonstrate its potential for optoelectronics. By adsorbing graphene, we show that the quasiparticle band structure exhibits a reduced bandgap, associated with an optical onset in the visible energy window. Furthermore, we reveal that the absorption of two prototypical electron-accepting molecules on this substrate results in a significant renormalization of the adsorbate gap, giving rise to distinct low-lying optically excited states in the near-infrared region. These states are well-separated from the substrate’s absorption bands, ensuring wavelength selectivity for molecular optoelectronic applications. The electronic features of graphene/silicon carbide have been well studied experimentally but theoretical investigations are still preliminary. Here, many-body perturbation theory reveals the electronic and optical characteristics of this interface and shows its advantages for optoelectronics.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00549-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141545748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00547-8
Igor Konyashin, Ruslan Muydinov, Antonio Cammarata, Andrey Bondarev, Marin Rusu, Athanasios Koliogiorgos, Tomáš Polcar, Daniel Twitchen, Pierre-Olivier Colard, Bernd Szyszka, Nicola Palmer
Carbon is considered to exist in three basic forms: diamond, graphite/graphene/fullerenes, and carbyne, which differ in a type of atomic orbitals hybridization. Since several decades the existence of the fourth basic carbon allotropic form with the face-centered cubic (fcc) crystal lattice has been a matter of discussion despite clear evidence for its laboratory synthesis and presence in nature. Here, we obtain this carbon allotrope in form of epitaxial films on diamond in a quantity sufficient to perform their comprehensive studies. The carbon material has an fcc crystal structure, shows a negative electron affinity, and is characterized by a peculiar hybridization of the valence atomic orbitals. Its bandgap (~6 eV) is typical for insulators, whereas the noticeable electrical conductivity (~0.1 S m−1) increases with temperature, which is typical for semiconductors. Ab initio calculations explain this apparent contradiction by noncovalent sharing p-electrons present in the uncommon valence band structure comprising an intraband gap. This carbon allotrope can create a new pathway to ‘carbon electronics’ as the first intrinsic semiconductor with an ultra-wide bandgap. Carbon is known to exist in three basic allotropes depending on the hybridization of s and p orbitals: diamond, graphite/graphene/fullerenes, and carbyne. Here, a fourth carbon allotrope with a face-centered cubic crystal lattice and peculiar hybridization of atoms is obtained in the form of epitaxial films on diamond, showing an ultra-wide bandgap and semiconductor electronic behavior.
碳被认为以三种基本形式存在：金刚石、石墨/石墨烯/富勒烯和碳化烯，它们在原子轨道杂化类型上有所不同。几十年来，第四种基本碳同素异形体（面心立方（fcc）晶格）的存在一直是一个讨论的问题，尽管有明确的证据表明它可以在实验室合成并存在于自然界中。在这里，我们以金刚石外延薄膜的形式获得了这种碳同素异形体，其数量足以对其进行全面研究。这种碳材料具有 fcc 晶体结构，显示出负电子亲和性，并以价电子轨道的奇特杂化为特征。它的带隙（约 6 eV）是典型的绝缘体，而明显的电导率（约 0.1 S m-1）却随温度升高而增加，这是典型的半导体。Ab initio 计算解释了这一明显的矛盾，因为在不常见的价带结构中存在非共价共享 p 电子，从而形成带内间隙。这种碳同素异形体作为第一种具有超宽带隙的本征半导体，可以为 "碳电子学 "开辟一条新的道路。根据 s 和 p 轨道的杂化情况，已知碳有三种基本的同素异形体：金刚石、石墨/石墨烯/富勒烯和碳化烯。在这里，我们以金刚石外延薄膜的形式获得了第四种碳同素异形体，它具有面心立方晶格和奇特的原子杂化，显示出超宽带隙和半导体电子行为。
{"title":"Face-centered cubic carbon as a fourth basic carbon allotrope with properties of intrinsic semiconductors and ultra-wide bandgap","authors":"Igor Konyashin, Ruslan Muydinov, Antonio Cammarata, Andrey Bondarev, Marin Rusu, Athanasios Koliogiorgos, Tomáš Polcar, Daniel Twitchen, Pierre-Olivier Colard, Bernd Szyszka, Nicola Palmer","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00547-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00547-8","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon is considered to exist in three basic forms: diamond, graphite/graphene/fullerenes, and carbyne, which differ in a type of atomic orbitals hybridization. Since several decades the existence of the fourth basic carbon allotropic form with the face-centered cubic (fcc) crystal lattice has been a matter of discussion despite clear evidence for its laboratory synthesis and presence in nature. Here, we obtain this carbon allotrope in form of epitaxial films on diamond in a quantity sufficient to perform their comprehensive studies. The carbon material has an fcc crystal structure, shows a negative electron affinity, and is characterized by a peculiar hybridization of the valence atomic orbitals. Its bandgap (~6 eV) is typical for insulators, whereas the noticeable electrical conductivity (~0.1 S m−1) increases with temperature, which is typical for semiconductors. Ab initio calculations explain this apparent contradiction by noncovalent sharing p-electrons present in the uncommon valence band structure comprising an intraband gap. This carbon allotrope can create a new pathway to ‘carbon electronics’ as the first intrinsic semiconductor with an ultra-wide bandgap. Carbon is known to exist in three basic allotropes depending on the hybridization of s and p orbitals: diamond, graphite/graphene/fullerenes, and carbyne. Here, a fourth carbon allotrope with a face-centered cubic crystal lattice and peculiar hybridization of atoms is obtained in the form of epitaxial films on diamond, showing an ultra-wide bandgap and semiconductor electronic behavior.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00547-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141500495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently optoelectronic synapses generating light-driven electrical memories have played a vital role in the neuromorphic computing of visual perception. However, all the optoelectronic synapses demonstrate photoelectric conversion. Peripheral circuits are used for contact photocurrent measurement, leading to significant energy consumption and impeding the evolution of optical wireless communication. It is crucial to develop noncontact neuromorphic visual perception based on light-driven photonic memories. Herein, we report all-photonic artificial synapses based on photochromic perovskites. Triggered by ultraviolet and visible light pulses, cesium lead iodide bromine induces a structural disorder. Optical transmittance changes induced by the disorder last after the pulses are gone. Next, the photonic memories are propagated in the air and processed by a recurrent neural network. The accuracy of binary image recognition is instantly stabilized at 1.0, and accuracy above 0.8 after 7 epochs is achieved in the recognition of digitals from 0 to 9. The all-photonic synapses realize remote perception with zero in-situ energy consumption and enable artificial sensory systems with low-power computation, remote control, and ultrahigh propagation speed. Optoelectronic synapses are key to artificial visual perception systems based on neuromorphic computing, but they typically rely on photoelectric conversion and peripheral circuits that are energy consuming and prevent optical wireless communication. Here, all-photonic artificial synapses with light-driven optical transmittance memories are fabricated based on photochromic CsPbIBr2 perovskite thin films.
{"title":"All-photonic artificial synapses based on photochromic perovskites for noncontact neuromorphic visual perception","authors":"Xing Zhou, Fangzhen Hu, Qing Hou, Jinming Hu, Yimeng Wang, Xi Chen","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00553-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00553-w","url":null,"abstract":"Recently optoelectronic synapses generating light-driven electrical memories have played a vital role in the neuromorphic computing of visual perception. However, all the optoelectronic synapses demonstrate photoelectric conversion. Peripheral circuits are used for contact photocurrent measurement, leading to significant energy consumption and impeding the evolution of optical wireless communication. It is crucial to develop noncontact neuromorphic visual perception based on light-driven photonic memories. Herein, we report all-photonic artificial synapses based on photochromic perovskites. Triggered by ultraviolet and visible light pulses, cesium lead iodide bromine induces a structural disorder. Optical transmittance changes induced by the disorder last after the pulses are gone. Next, the photonic memories are propagated in the air and processed by a recurrent neural network. The accuracy of binary image recognition is instantly stabilized at 1.0, and accuracy above 0.8 after 7 epochs is achieved in the recognition of digitals from 0 to 9. The all-photonic synapses realize remote perception with zero in-situ energy consumption and enable artificial sensory systems with low-power computation, remote control, and ultrahigh propagation speed. Optoelectronic synapses are key to artificial visual perception systems based on neuromorphic computing, but they typically rely on photoelectric conversion and peripheral circuits that are energy consuming and prevent optical wireless communication. Here, all-photonic artificial synapses with light-driven optical transmittance memories are fabricated based on photochromic CsPbIBr2 perovskite thin films.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00553-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141500482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00552-x
Satya Shanmukharao Samatham, Jacob Casey, Adrienn Maria Szucs, Venkateswara Yenugonda, Christopher Burgio, Theo Siegrist, Arjun K. Pathak
Kagome materials are of topical interest for their diverse quantum properties linked with correlated magnetism and topology. Here, we report anomalous hydrostatic pressure (p) effect on ErMn6Sn6 through isobaric and isothermal-isobaric magnetization measurements. Magnetic field (H) suppresses antiferromagnetic TN while simultaneously enhancing the ferrimagnetic TC by exhibiting dual metamagnetic transitions, arising from the triple-spiral-nature of Er and Mn spins. Counter-intuitively, pressure enhances both TC and TN with a growth rate of 74.4 K GPa−1 and 14.4 K GPa−1 respectively. Pressure unifies the dual metamagnetic transitions as illustrated through p-H phase diagrams at 140 and 200 K. Temperature-field-pressure (T-H, T-p) phase diagrams illustrate distinct field- and pressure-induced critical points at (Tcr = 246 K, Hcr = 23.3 kOe) and (Tcr = 435.8 K, pcr = 4.74 GPa) respectively. An unusual increase of magnetic entropy by pressure around Tcr and a putative pressure-induced tricritical point pave a unique way of tuning the magnetic properties of kagome magnets through simultaneous application of H and p. The kagome metal ErMn6Sn6 is known to display interesting physics. Here, the simultaneous effect of a magnetic field and pressure is investigated, revealing the role of the spiral behavior of magnetic layers on magnetic transition temperatures
卡戈米材料因其与相关磁性和拓扑学有关的各种量子特性而备受关注。在这里，我们通过等压和等温-等压磁化测量，报告了 ErMn6Sn6 的反常静水压力（p）效应。磁场（H）在抑制反铁磁性 TN 的同时，还通过 Er 和 Mn 自旋的三重螺旋性质所产生的双元磁转变，增强了铁磁性 TC。与直觉相反的是，压力会同时增强 TC 和 TN，增长率分别为 74.4 K GPa-1 和 14.4 K GPa-1。温度-场-压力（T-H、T-p）相图显示，在（Tcr = 246 K，Hcr = 23.3 kOe）和（Tcr = 435.8 K，pcr = 4.74 GPa）分别存在不同的场临界点和压力临界点。在 Tcr 附近的压力作用下磁性熵的不寻常增加以及假定的压力诱导三临界点为通过同时应用 H 和 p 来调整卡戈梅磁体的磁性铺平了一条独特的道路。这里研究了磁场和压力的同时效应，揭示了磁层的螺旋行为对磁转变温度的作用
{"title":"Perturbation-tuned triple spiral metamagnetism and tricritical point in kagome metal ErMn6Sn6","authors":"Satya Shanmukharao Samatham, Jacob Casey, Adrienn Maria Szucs, Venkateswara Yenugonda, Christopher Burgio, Theo Siegrist, Arjun K. Pathak","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00552-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00552-x","url":null,"abstract":"Kagome materials are of topical interest for their diverse quantum properties linked with correlated magnetism and topology. Here, we report anomalous hydrostatic pressure (p) effect on ErMn6Sn6 through isobaric and isothermal-isobaric magnetization measurements. Magnetic field (H) suppresses antiferromagnetic TN while simultaneously enhancing the ferrimagnetic TC by exhibiting dual metamagnetic transitions, arising from the triple-spiral-nature of Er and Mn spins. Counter-intuitively, pressure enhances both TC and TN with a growth rate of 74.4 K GPa−1 and 14.4 K GPa−1 respectively. Pressure unifies the dual metamagnetic transitions as illustrated through p-H phase diagrams at 140 and 200 K. Temperature-field-pressure (T-H, T-p) phase diagrams illustrate distinct field- and pressure-induced critical points at (Tcr = 246 K, Hcr = 23.3 kOe) and (Tcr = 435.8 K, pcr = 4.74 GPa) respectively. An unusual increase of magnetic entropy by pressure around Tcr and a putative pressure-induced tricritical point pave a unique way of tuning the magnetic properties of kagome magnets through simultaneous application of H and p. The kagome metal ErMn6Sn6 is known to display interesting physics. Here, the simultaneous effect of a magnetic field and pressure is investigated, revealing the role of the spiral behavior of magnetic layers on magnetic transition temperatures","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00552-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141500464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The gap between the performance of optoelectronic components and the demands of fiber-optic communications has narrowed significantly in recent decades. Yet, the expansion of data communications traffic remains substantial, with fiber-link speeds increases anticipated in the near future. Here, we demonstrate an ultra-high-speed electro-optic waveguide modulator constructed using a thin film of lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate with a ferroelectric phase exhibiting a strong Pockels effect. The modulator has a wide optical window; thus, the modulation was demonstrated for 1550 and 1310 nm wavelengths. This device showed electro-optical intensity signaling with line rates of 172 Gbit s−1, in conjunction with on–off keying modulation; this performance could be increased to 304 Gbit s−1 using four-level pulse modulation. The signaling performance of this modulator was found to be robust, with stable performance at temperatures as high as 100 °C. This technology is expected to have applications in a wide range of classical optoelectronic devices and in quantum science and technology. Advanced fiber-optic communications rely on electro-optic materials with suitable properties. Here a perovskite oxide, lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate, is used to fabricate a waveguide modulator with line rates as high as 304 Gbit/s using four-level pulse modulation.
{"title":"Ultra-fast perovskite electro-optic modulator and multi-band transmission up to 300 Gbit s−1","authors":"Jiawei Mao, Futa Uemura, Sahar Alasvand Yazdani, Yuexin Yin, Hiromu Sato, Guo-Wei Lu, Shiyoshi Yokoyama","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00558-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00558-5","url":null,"abstract":"The gap between the performance of optoelectronic components and the demands of fiber-optic communications has narrowed significantly in recent decades. Yet, the expansion of data communications traffic remains substantial, with fiber-link speeds increases anticipated in the near future. Here, we demonstrate an ultra-high-speed electro-optic waveguide modulator constructed using a thin film of lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate with a ferroelectric phase exhibiting a strong Pockels effect. The modulator has a wide optical window; thus, the modulation was demonstrated for 1550 and 1310 nm wavelengths. This device showed electro-optical intensity signaling with line rates of 172 Gbit s−1, in conjunction with on–off keying modulation; this performance could be increased to 304 Gbit s−1 using four-level pulse modulation. The signaling performance of this modulator was found to be robust, with stable performance at temperatures as high as 100 °C. This technology is expected to have applications in a wide range of classical optoelectronic devices and in quantum science and technology. Advanced fiber-optic communications rely on electro-optic materials with suitable properties. Here a perovskite oxide, lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate, is used to fabricate a waveguide modulator with line rates as high as 304 Gbit/s using four-level pulse modulation.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00558-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141500497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-29DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00555-8
Alexander B. Tesler, Heikki A. Nurmi, Stefan Kolle, Lucia H. Prado, Bhuvaneshwari Karunakaran, Anca Mazare, Ina Erceg, Íris de Brito Soares, George Sarau, Silke Christiansen, Shane Stafslien, Jack Alvarenga, Joanna Aizenberg, Ben Fabry, Robin H. A. Ras, Wolfgang H. Goldmann
Non-wettable surfaces, especially those capable of passively trapping air in rough protrusions, can provide surface resilience to the detrimental effects of wetting-related phenomena. However, the development of such superhydrophobic surfaces with a long-lasting entrapped air layer, called plastron, is hampered by the lack of evaluation criteria and methods that can unambiguously distinguish between stable and metastable Cassie-Baxter wetting regimes. The information to evaluate the stability of the wetting regime is missing from the commonly used contact angle goniometry. Therefore, it is necessary to determine which surface features can be used as a signature to identify thermodynamically stable plastron. Here, we describe a methodology for evaluating the thermodynamic underwater stability of the Cassie-Baxter wetting regime of superhydrophobic surfaces by measuring the surface roughness, solid-liquid area fraction, and Young’s contact angle. The method allowed the prediction of passive plastron stability for over one year of continuous submersion, the impeding of mussel and barnacle adhesion, and inhibition of metal corrosion in seawater. Such submersion-stable superhydrophobicity, in which water is repelled by a stable passive air layer trapped between the solid substrate and the surrounding liquid for extended periods at ambient conditions, opens new avenues for science and technologies that require continuous contact of solids with aqueous media. Upon submersion, a superhydrophobic surface can trap a layer of air, termed “plastron”, that separates it from the surrounding liquid. Here, methodology is reported for predicting the thermodynamic stability of plastron by measuring surface roughness, solid-liquid area fraction, and Young’s contact angle.
{"title":"Predicting plastron thermodynamic stability for underwater superhydrophobicity","authors":"Alexander B. Tesler, Heikki A. Nurmi, Stefan Kolle, Lucia H. Prado, Bhuvaneshwari Karunakaran, Anca Mazare, Ina Erceg, Íris de Brito Soares, George Sarau, Silke Christiansen, Shane Stafslien, Jack Alvarenga, Joanna Aizenberg, Ben Fabry, Robin H. A. Ras, Wolfgang H. Goldmann","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00555-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00555-8","url":null,"abstract":"Non-wettable surfaces, especially those capable of passively trapping air in rough protrusions, can provide surface resilience to the detrimental effects of wetting-related phenomena. However, the development of such superhydrophobic surfaces with a long-lasting entrapped air layer, called plastron, is hampered by the lack of evaluation criteria and methods that can unambiguously distinguish between stable and metastable Cassie-Baxter wetting regimes. The information to evaluate the stability of the wetting regime is missing from the commonly used contact angle goniometry. Therefore, it is necessary to determine which surface features can be used as a signature to identify thermodynamically stable plastron. Here, we describe a methodology for evaluating the thermodynamic underwater stability of the Cassie-Baxter wetting regime of superhydrophobic surfaces by measuring the surface roughness, solid-liquid area fraction, and Young’s contact angle. The method allowed the prediction of passive plastron stability for over one year of continuous submersion, the impeding of mussel and barnacle adhesion, and inhibition of metal corrosion in seawater. Such submersion-stable superhydrophobicity, in which water is repelled by a stable passive air layer trapped between the solid substrate and the surrounding liquid for extended periods at ambient conditions, opens new avenues for science and technologies that require continuous contact of solids with aqueous media. Upon submersion, a superhydrophobic surface can trap a layer of air, termed “plastron”, that separates it from the surrounding liquid. Here, methodology is reported for predicting the thermodynamic stability of plastron by measuring surface roughness, solid-liquid area fraction, and Young’s contact angle.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00555-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141489059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-28DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00551-y
Wenxiang Ying, Pengfei Huo
Recent experiments demonstrate polaritons under the vibrational strong coupling (VSC) regime can modify chemical reactivity. Here, we present a complete theory of VSC-modified rate constants when coupling a single molecule to an optical cavity, where the role of photonic mode lifetime is understood. The analytic expression exhibits a sharp resonance behavior, where the maximum rate constant is reached when the cavity frequency matches the vibration frequency. The theory explains why VSC rate constant modification closely resembles the optical spectra of the vibration outside the cavity. Further, we discussed the temperature dependence of the VSC-modified rate constants. The analytic theory agrees well with the numerically exact hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM) simulations for all explored regimes. Finally, we discussed the resonance condition at the normal incidence when considering in-plane momentum inside a Fabry-Pérot cavity. Polariton chemistry, namely the coupling of molecular vibrations to quantized radiation modes inside an optical microcavity, offers a promising strategy to modify chemical reactivities. Here, the authors provide a comprehensive theory of how vibrational strong coupling modifies chemical reaction rates in different cavity regimes.
{"title":"Resonance theory of vibrational strong coupling enhanced polariton chemistry and the role of photonic mode lifetime","authors":"Wenxiang Ying, Pengfei Huo","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00551-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00551-y","url":null,"abstract":"Recent experiments demonstrate polaritons under the vibrational strong coupling (VSC) regime can modify chemical reactivity. Here, we present a complete theory of VSC-modified rate constants when coupling a single molecule to an optical cavity, where the role of photonic mode lifetime is understood. The analytic expression exhibits a sharp resonance behavior, where the maximum rate constant is reached when the cavity frequency matches the vibration frequency. The theory explains why VSC rate constant modification closely resembles the optical spectra of the vibration outside the cavity. Further, we discussed the temperature dependence of the VSC-modified rate constants. The analytic theory agrees well with the numerically exact hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM) simulations for all explored regimes. Finally, we discussed the resonance condition at the normal incidence when considering in-plane momentum inside a Fabry-Pérot cavity. Polariton chemistry, namely the coupling of molecular vibrations to quantized radiation modes inside an optical microcavity, offers a promising strategy to modify chemical reactivities. Here, the authors provide a comprehensive theory of how vibrational strong coupling modifies chemical reaction rates in different cavity regimes.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00551-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141489075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：