Reactions of the ternary components of Co2+ ion, 4,4′-bipyridine, and NO3− give several coordination polymers, which are often obtained in mixed phases. Herein, we explore the condition for the selective formation of Co-1D chain and Co-tongue-and-groove coordination polymers and find reversible interconversion pathways between them. The crystal structures of Co-tongue-and-groove in desolvated and two different CO2-adsorbed states show a one-dimensional corrugated channel with small windows through which CO2 is unlikely to pass. Nevertheless, a sufficient amount of CO2 is adsorbed at 195 K. The CO2 molecules are accommodated in the swollen cavity, forcing their way through the seemingly impermeable window of the channel, which we have named squeezing adsorption. The local motion of the ligand of the window frame plays an essential role in the guest permeation, which proves that the tongue-and-groove coordination polymers are essentially locally flexible porous frameworks. Mixed-phase coordination polymers are often formed when using ternary components. Here, conditions for the selective formation of [Co2(4,4′-bpy)3(NO3)4] are deduced, which shows unique gas adsorption squeezing through seemingly impassable narrow windows due to local structural flexibility.
{"title":"Progressive gas adsorption squeezing through the narrow channel of a soft porous crystal of [Co2(4,4′-bipyridine)3(NO3)4]","authors":"Hirotoshi Sakamoto, Ken-ichi Otake, Susumu Kitagawa","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00609-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00609-x","url":null,"abstract":"Reactions of the ternary components of Co2+ ion, 4,4′-bipyridine, and NO3− give several coordination polymers, which are often obtained in mixed phases. Herein, we explore the condition for the selective formation of Co-1D chain and Co-tongue-and-groove coordination polymers and find reversible interconversion pathways between them. The crystal structures of Co-tongue-and-groove in desolvated and two different CO2-adsorbed states show a one-dimensional corrugated channel with small windows through which CO2 is unlikely to pass. Nevertheless, a sufficient amount of CO2 is adsorbed at 195 K. The CO2 molecules are accommodated in the swollen cavity, forcing their way through the seemingly impermeable window of the channel, which we have named squeezing adsorption. The local motion of the ligand of the window frame plays an essential role in the guest permeation, which proves that the tongue-and-groove coordination polymers are essentially locally flexible porous frameworks. Mixed-phase coordination polymers are often formed when using ternary components. Here, conditions for the selective formation of [Co2(4,4′-bpy)3(NO3)4] are deduced, which shows unique gas adsorption squeezing through seemingly impassable narrow windows due to local structural flexibility.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00609-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142117958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Energy-band gradient halide perovskites are highly desired candidates for fabricating high performance optoelectronic devices. Here, we demonstrate that a mixed halide perovskite single crystal undergoes phase segregation in the longitudinal direction under above-bandgap light illumination. As a result, a micron thick layer with vertically gradient halide composition and thus graded valence band edge is generated at the crystal surface. The resultant gradient structure can facilitate the hole extraction at its interface with a hole transport layer. The longitudinal phase segregation of mixed halide perovskite single crystal is likely driven by abundant defects at the surface. Moreover, the segregation rate is increased in air compared to nitrogen probably due to the combined effect of oxygen and moisture. These findings not only deepen the understanding of phase segregation mechanism in mixed halide perovskite, but also indicate a promising avenue of fabricating vertically energy-band gradient perovskite and enhancing the perovskite-based optoelectronic device performance. Energy-band gradient halide perovskites are highly desired candidates for fabricating high performance optoelectronic devices. Here, it is shown that a mixed halide perovskite single crystal undergoes phase segregation in the longitudinal direction under abovebandgap light illumination, generating a micron-thick layer with vertically gradient halide composition and thus graded valence band edge at the crystal surface.
{"title":"Energy-band gradient structure originated from longitudinal phase segregation of mixed halide perovskite single crystal","authors":"Zelong Chen, Zhiya Dang, Yuqing Luo, Feng Li, Tongtong Lu, Zihao Li, Xiaobin Rao, Qi Sun, Pingqi Gao","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00588-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00588-z","url":null,"abstract":"Energy-band gradient halide perovskites are highly desired candidates for fabricating high performance optoelectronic devices. Here, we demonstrate that a mixed halide perovskite single crystal undergoes phase segregation in the longitudinal direction under above-bandgap light illumination. As a result, a micron thick layer with vertically gradient halide composition and thus graded valence band edge is generated at the crystal surface. The resultant gradient structure can facilitate the hole extraction at its interface with a hole transport layer. The longitudinal phase segregation of mixed halide perovskite single crystal is likely driven by abundant defects at the surface. Moreover, the segregation rate is increased in air compared to nitrogen probably due to the combined effect of oxygen and moisture. These findings not only deepen the understanding of phase segregation mechanism in mixed halide perovskite, but also indicate a promising avenue of fabricating vertically energy-band gradient perovskite and enhancing the perovskite-based optoelectronic device performance. Energy-band gradient halide perovskites are highly desired candidates for fabricating high performance optoelectronic devices. Here, it is shown that a mixed halide perovskite single crystal undergoes phase segregation in the longitudinal direction under abovebandgap light illumination, generating a micron-thick layer with vertically gradient halide composition and thus graded valence band edge at the crystal surface.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00588-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-30DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00617-x
Christoph Sürgers, Gerda Fischer, Warlley H. Campos, Anna Birk Hellenes, Libor Šmejkal, Jairo Sinova, Michael Merz, Thomas Wolf, Wolfgang Wernsdorfer
Investigating the off-diagonal components of the conductivity and thermoelectric tensor of materials hosting complex antiferromagnetic structures has become a viable method to reveal the effects of topology and chirality on the electronic transport in these systems. In this respect, Mn5Si3 is an interesting metallic compound that exhibits several antiferromagnetic phases below 100 K with different collinear and noncollinear arrangements of Mn magnetic moments determined from neutron scattering. Previous electronic transport measurements have shown that the transitions between the various phases give rise to large changes of the anomalous Hall effect. Here, we report measurements of the anomalous Nernst effect of Mn5Si3 single crystals that also show clear transitions between the different magnetic phases. In the noncollinear phase, we observe an unusual sign change of the zero-field Nernst signal with a concomitant decrease of the Hall signal and a gradual reduction of the remanent magnetization. Furthermore, a symmetry analysis of the proposed magnetic structures shows that both effects should actually vanish. These results indicate a symmetry-breaking modification of the magnetic state with a rearrangement of the magnetic moments at low temperatures, thus questioning the previously reported models for the noncollinear magnetic structure obtained from neutron scattering. Mn5Si3 is an interesting metallic compound that exhibits several antiferromagnetic phases with different collinear and noncollinear arrangements of magnetic moments. Here, anomalous Nernst effect measurements across the magnetic transitions are reported, indicating a symmetry-breaking modification of the magnetic state at low temperatures, in contrast to previous symmetry analysis.
研究具有复杂反铁磁结构的材料的电导率和热电张量的非对角线分量已成为揭示拓扑结构和手性对这些系统中电子传输影响的一种可行方法。在这方面，Mn5Si3 是一种有趣的金属化合物，它在 100 K 以下表现出多种反铁磁相，通过中子散射确定了锰磁矩的不同共线和非共线排列。以前的电子传输测量表明，各种相之间的转变会引起反常霍尔效应的巨大变化。在此，我们报告了对 Mn5Si3 单晶的反常诺恩斯特效应的测量结果，这些测量结果也显示了不同磁性相之间的明显转变。在非共轭相中，我们观察到零场诺尔斯特信号的不寻常符号变化，霍尔信号随之减弱，剩磁逐渐减小。此外，对拟议磁结构的对称性分析表明，这两种效应实际上都应该消失。这些结果表明，在低温条件下，磁态发生了对称性破坏，磁矩发生了重新排列，从而对之前报道的通过中子散射获得的非共轭磁结构模型提出了质疑。Mn5Si3 是一种有趣的金属化合物，它呈现出几种反铁磁相，磁矩的共线和非共线排列各不相同。这里报告了对整个磁跃迁的异常恩斯特效应测量，表明在低温下磁性状态发生了对称性破坏性改变，这与之前的对称性分析不同。
{"title":"Anomalous Nernst effect in the noncollinear antiferromagnet Mn5Si3","authors":"Christoph Sürgers, Gerda Fischer, Warlley H. Campos, Anna Birk Hellenes, Libor Šmejkal, Jairo Sinova, Michael Merz, Thomas Wolf, Wolfgang Wernsdorfer","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00617-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00617-x","url":null,"abstract":"Investigating the off-diagonal components of the conductivity and thermoelectric tensor of materials hosting complex antiferromagnetic structures has become a viable method to reveal the effects of topology and chirality on the electronic transport in these systems. In this respect, Mn5Si3 is an interesting metallic compound that exhibits several antiferromagnetic phases below 100 K with different collinear and noncollinear arrangements of Mn magnetic moments determined from neutron scattering. Previous electronic transport measurements have shown that the transitions between the various phases give rise to large changes of the anomalous Hall effect. Here, we report measurements of the anomalous Nernst effect of Mn5Si3 single crystals that also show clear transitions between the different magnetic phases. In the noncollinear phase, we observe an unusual sign change of the zero-field Nernst signal with a concomitant decrease of the Hall signal and a gradual reduction of the remanent magnetization. Furthermore, a symmetry analysis of the proposed magnetic structures shows that both effects should actually vanish. These results indicate a symmetry-breaking modification of the magnetic state with a rearrangement of the magnetic moments at low temperatures, thus questioning the previously reported models for the noncollinear magnetic structure obtained from neutron scattering. Mn5Si3 is an interesting metallic compound that exhibits several antiferromagnetic phases with different collinear and noncollinear arrangements of magnetic moments. Here, anomalous Nernst effect measurements across the magnetic transitions are reported, indicating a symmetry-breaking modification of the magnetic state at low temperatures, in contrast to previous symmetry analysis.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00617-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-30DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00613-1
John Plummer
There is growing interest in reducing the chemical complexity of engineering alloys. Here, an Mg-Ca alloy for use in bone fixation has less than 1 weight % calcium, and achieves strength and ductility superior to many conventionally-processed magnesium alloys.
{"title":"Chemically-simple magnesium alloys for biomedical applications","authors":"John Plummer","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00613-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00613-1","url":null,"abstract":"There is growing interest in reducing the chemical complexity of engineering alloys. Here, an Mg-Ca alloy for use in bone fixation has less than 1 weight % calcium, and achieves strength and ductility superior to many conventionally-processed magnesium alloys.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00613-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biological neural systems operate on multiple time scales, enabling real-time interaction with their environment. However, replicating this in electronic systems is challenging, as scalable devices that operate on similar time scales, particularly from seconds to minutes, are lacking. This study addresses this gap by exploiting proton dynamics to achieve volatile resistance changes over long time scales, and developed a neuromorphic system that can predict biomedical data, such as blood glucose levels, in real time. By applying a low voltage (below 1 V) to a two-terminal device, the Pd electrode hydrogenates or dehydrogenates the mixed conductor WO3, resulting in significant changes in electronic resistance. The device is scalable due to the uniform proton distribution, leading to high impedance and minimal power consumption. Utilizing these volatile protons for short-term memory in an Echo State Network (ESN), this approach demonstrates low-power, efficient real-time information processing, paving the way for future neuromorphic computing applications. Real-time processing and exchange of information with the surrounding environment is characteristic of biological neural systems but is difficult to achieve in on-chip analog devices due to time-scale mismatch. Here, two-terminal protonic devices based on Pt/WO3/Pd structures address this issue and demonstrate neuromorphic computing short-term memories for real-time prediction of biomedical data such as blood glucose level.
{"title":"Real-time information processing via volatile resistance change in scalable protonic devices","authors":"Satya Prakash Pati, Yifan Geng, Satoshi Hamasuna, Kantaro Fujiwara, Tetsuya Iizuka, Hisashi Inoue, Isao Inoue, Takeaki Yajima","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00621-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00621-1","url":null,"abstract":"Biological neural systems operate on multiple time scales, enabling real-time interaction with their environment. However, replicating this in electronic systems is challenging, as scalable devices that operate on similar time scales, particularly from seconds to minutes, are lacking. This study addresses this gap by exploiting proton dynamics to achieve volatile resistance changes over long time scales, and developed a neuromorphic system that can predict biomedical data, such as blood glucose levels, in real time. By applying a low voltage (below 1 V) to a two-terminal device, the Pd electrode hydrogenates or dehydrogenates the mixed conductor WO3, resulting in significant changes in electronic resistance. The device is scalable due to the uniform proton distribution, leading to high impedance and minimal power consumption. Utilizing these volatile protons for short-term memory in an Echo State Network (ESN), this approach demonstrates low-power, efficient real-time information processing, paving the way for future neuromorphic computing applications. Real-time processing and exchange of information with the surrounding environment is characteristic of biological neural systems but is difficult to achieve in on-chip analog devices due to time-scale mismatch. Here, two-terminal protonic devices based on Pt/WO3/Pd structures address this issue and demonstrate neuromorphic computing short-term memories for real-time prediction of biomedical data such as blood glucose level.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00621-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00620-2
Yingchao Wang, Parker S. Brodale, Xiaohe Miao, Christopher H. Hendon, Lei Sun
Combining high surface area and efficient charge transport, electrically conductive metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) find wide applications in energy storage, sensing, and electrocatalysis. Reliable characterization of electrical conductivity, the key metric for assessing this class of materials, remains challenging due to its high sensitivity to the atmosphere. Herein, through electrical characterization of an exemplary MOF, Cd2(TTFTB) (TTFTB4− = tetrathiafulvalene tetrabenzoate), under various controlled atmospheres, we show that adsorption of water in humid air or N2 improves the apparent room-temperature electrical conductivity by one to two orders of magnitude compared to the values observed in dry atmospheres. This observation in conjunction with spectroscopic characterization, structural analysis, and band structure calculations indicates significant contribution of water-mediated proton conductivity and/or proton-electron coupling to the apparent electrical conductivity. Thus, controlling and reporting atmospheres in electrical conductivity measurements of MOFs is critical to improve their reproducibility and to gain insights into electrical conduction mechanisms. Reliable electrical conductivity characterization in metal-organic frameworks remains challenging due to their high sensitivity to the atmosphere. Here, the adsorption of water in a Cd2 (TTFTB) metal-organic framework improves the apparent room-temperature electrical conductivity by one to two orders of magnitude.
{"title":"Atmospheric modulation of apparent electrical conductivity in a metal−organic framework","authors":"Yingchao Wang, Parker S. Brodale, Xiaohe Miao, Christopher H. Hendon, Lei Sun","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00620-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00620-2","url":null,"abstract":"Combining high surface area and efficient charge transport, electrically conductive metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) find wide applications in energy storage, sensing, and electrocatalysis. Reliable characterization of electrical conductivity, the key metric for assessing this class of materials, remains challenging due to its high sensitivity to the atmosphere. Herein, through electrical characterization of an exemplary MOF, Cd2(TTFTB) (TTFTB4− = tetrathiafulvalene tetrabenzoate), under various controlled atmospheres, we show that adsorption of water in humid air or N2 improves the apparent room-temperature electrical conductivity by one to two orders of magnitude compared to the values observed in dry atmospheres. This observation in conjunction with spectroscopic characterization, structural analysis, and band structure calculations indicates significant contribution of water-mediated proton conductivity and/or proton-electron coupling to the apparent electrical conductivity. Thus, controlling and reporting atmospheres in electrical conductivity measurements of MOFs is critical to improve their reproducibility and to gain insights into electrical conduction mechanisms. Reliable electrical conductivity characterization in metal-organic frameworks remains challenging due to their high sensitivity to the atmosphere. Here, the adsorption of water in a Cd2 (TTFTB) metal-organic framework improves the apparent room-temperature electrical conductivity by one to two orders of magnitude.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00620-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00592-3
Anthony Camus, Shinhyeong Choe, Camille Bour-Cardinal, Joaquin Isasmendi, Yongjun Cho, Youngju Kim, Cristian Vlad Irimia, Cigdem Yumusak, Mihai Irimia-Vladu, Denis Rho, Jaewook Myung, Clara Santato
Sepia melanin, a biopigment extracted from the ink sac of cuttlefish, is relevant to sustainable organic electronics. In this work, we flexographically print films from an ink of Sepia melanin including shellac as a bio-sourced binder on silver electrode-patterned paper. We examine the electrical response in high humidity and ambient conditions (here the electronic conductivity is as high as 10−4 S/cm). Additionally, we study the biodegradation of the printed films and their individual constituents based on their mineralization into CO2 under composting conditions. The printed films exhibit biodegradation levels of about 97 ± 25% in 85 d. We observe microorganism colonization on the printed film’s surface. The analysis of the microbial community on the compost reveals that bacterial species within the Acidimicrobiia class, specifically Actinomarinales order, are potentially responsible for the biodegradation of the printed film. Meanwhile, ecotoxicity tests conducted by germinating Lolium multiflorum and Tagetes erecta suggest that printed films have negligible phytotoxicity. Sepia melanin, a biopigment extracted from cuttlefish ink, shows promise for sustainable organic electronics. Here, printed films including Sepia melanin and shellac are studied for their compostability and electrical behavior, showing electrical conductivities of about 10−4 S/cm and biodegradability.
{"title":"Electrical response and biodegradation of Sepia melanin-shellac films printed on paper","authors":"Anthony Camus, Shinhyeong Choe, Camille Bour-Cardinal, Joaquin Isasmendi, Yongjun Cho, Youngju Kim, Cristian Vlad Irimia, Cigdem Yumusak, Mihai Irimia-Vladu, Denis Rho, Jaewook Myung, Clara Santato","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00592-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00592-3","url":null,"abstract":"Sepia melanin, a biopigment extracted from the ink sac of cuttlefish, is relevant to sustainable organic electronics. In this work, we flexographically print films from an ink of Sepia melanin including shellac as a bio-sourced binder on silver electrode-patterned paper. We examine the electrical response in high humidity and ambient conditions (here the electronic conductivity is as high as 10−4 S/cm). Additionally, we study the biodegradation of the printed films and their individual constituents based on their mineralization into CO2 under composting conditions. The printed films exhibit biodegradation levels of about 97 ± 25% in 85 d. We observe microorganism colonization on the printed film’s surface. The analysis of the microbial community on the compost reveals that bacterial species within the Acidimicrobiia class, specifically Actinomarinales order, are potentially responsible for the biodegradation of the printed film. Meanwhile, ecotoxicity tests conducted by germinating Lolium multiflorum and Tagetes erecta suggest that printed films have negligible phytotoxicity. Sepia melanin, a biopigment extracted from cuttlefish ink, shows promise for sustainable organic electronics. Here, printed films including Sepia melanin and shellac are studied for their compostability and electrical behavior, showing electrical conductivities of about 10−4 S/cm and biodegradability.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00592-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00608-y
Marziyeh Nazari, Farnaz Zadehahmadi, Muhammad Munir Sadiq, Ashley L. Sutton, Hamidreza Mahdavi, Matthew R. Hill
With increasing pace, crystalline open frameworks are moving to larger scale, mature applications that stretch as broadly as catalysis, separation, water purification, adsorption, sensing, biomineralization and energy storage. A particular challenge in this development can be the unexpected variation in material properties from batch to batch, even when a cursory analysis would indicate that no process changes occurred. Our team has lived this journey in many larger projects where pilot scale production of metal-organic frameworks for use in devices has been a key milestone and suffered the difficulties of unexpected performance departures. In this Perspective, we aim to share some of the learning outcomes in the hope that it will further speed development in the field. A major challenge in materials scale-up is the variation in properties between batches. Here, the difficulties in the pilot-scale production of metal-organic frameworks are discussed and suggestions are provided to help improve large-scale synthesis development.
{"title":"Challenges and solutions to the scale-up of porous materials","authors":"Marziyeh Nazari, Farnaz Zadehahmadi, Muhammad Munir Sadiq, Ashley L. Sutton, Hamidreza Mahdavi, Matthew R. Hill","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00608-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00608-y","url":null,"abstract":"With increasing pace, crystalline open frameworks are moving to larger scale, mature applications that stretch as broadly as catalysis, separation, water purification, adsorption, sensing, biomineralization and energy storage. A particular challenge in this development can be the unexpected variation in material properties from batch to batch, even when a cursory analysis would indicate that no process changes occurred. Our team has lived this journey in many larger projects where pilot scale production of metal-organic frameworks for use in devices has been a key milestone and suffered the difficulties of unexpected performance departures. In this Perspective, we aim to share some of the learning outcomes in the hope that it will further speed development in the field. A major challenge in materials scale-up is the variation in properties between batches. Here, the difficulties in the pilot-scale production of metal-organic frameworks are discussed and suggestions are provided to help improve large-scale synthesis development.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00608-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00618-w
René Pernas-Salomón, Penglin Gao, Zhiwang Zhang, Julio A. Iglesias Martínez, Muamer Kadic, Johan Christensen
Surprisingly, topological metamaterials became a frontier topic in wave physics. What began as a curiosity driven undertaking in condensed matter physics, evolved in serious possibilities to provide topologically resilient guiding of light, sound and vibrations. Topological defects, in the form of disclinations, dislocations, vortices, etc., have capitalized on man-made structures to demonstrate their wave-confining capabilities. In this report, we discuss topological edge and disclination states in valley Hall sonic lattices. A prime meta-constituent is the three-legged rod or tripod as its mere rotation enables spatial symmetry breaking. For the most part, this complicated unit is numerically treated with commercially available finite element solvers. Here, we derive the structure factor for plane wave expansions and a null-field method in combination with a multiple scattering theory to study both valley edge and disclination states. We showcase how this method enables rapid evaluation of both spatial and spectral properties related to valley topological sound wave physics. Topological metamaterials are becoming increasingly interesting for their wave-confining capabilities, providing topologically robust guiding of light, sound and vibrations. Here, topological edge and disclination states in valley Hall sonic lattices are investigated via a non-commercial analytical approach combining the null-field method with multiple scattering techniques.
{"title":"Investigating topological valley disclinations using multiple scattering and null-field theories","authors":"René Pernas-Salomón, Penglin Gao, Zhiwang Zhang, Julio A. Iglesias Martínez, Muamer Kadic, Johan Christensen","doi":"10.1038/s43246-024-00618-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43246-024-00618-w","url":null,"abstract":"Surprisingly, topological metamaterials became a frontier topic in wave physics. What began as a curiosity driven undertaking in condensed matter physics, evolved in serious possibilities to provide topologically resilient guiding of light, sound and vibrations. Topological defects, in the form of disclinations, dislocations, vortices, etc., have capitalized on man-made structures to demonstrate their wave-confining capabilities. In this report, we discuss topological edge and disclination states in valley Hall sonic lattices. A prime meta-constituent is the three-legged rod or tripod as its mere rotation enables spatial symmetry breaking. For the most part, this complicated unit is numerically treated with commercially available finite element solvers. Here, we derive the structure factor for plane wave expansions and a null-field method in combination with a multiple scattering theory to study both valley edge and disclination states. We showcase how this method enables rapid evaluation of both spatial and spectral properties related to valley topological sound wave physics. Topological metamaterials are becoming increasingly interesting for their wave-confining capabilities, providing topologically robust guiding of light, sound and vibrations. Here, topological edge and disclination states in valley Hall sonic lattices are investigated via a non-commercial analytical approach combining the null-field method with multiple scattering techniques.","PeriodicalId":10589,"journal":{"name":"Communications Materials","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00618-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-27DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00612-2
Sally Kortam, Zufu Lu, Hala Zreiqat
Osteosarcoma, the predominant bone malignancy, poses significant challenges due to its high metastatic potential and recurrence rates. Accounting for a substantial percentage of malignant bone tumors, osteosarcoma particularly affects children and adolescents. Despite standard treatment combining surgery and multi-drug chemotherapy, systemic drug administration presents limitations, leading to compromised patient quality of life and severe side effects. New strategies are needed to address these challenges and enhance efficacy while minimizing toxicity. Here, we explore drug delivery platforms in the context of osteosarcoma treatment. We delve into both systemic and local delivery approaches, highlighting recent advances in controlled drug release triggered by various stimuli, modifications for targeted delivery, and co-delivery of chemotherapeutics using nano-platforms. Additionally, we discuss innovations in local delivery methods, including implantable nanoparticles, injectable hydrogels, and scaffolds. Despite these advancements, challenges and limitations persist, emphasizing the need for continued research. We conclude by offering perspectives on the potential of multifunctional scaffolds in revolutionizing osteosarcoma drug delivery, thereby paving the way for improved patient survival and enhanced quality of life. Drug delivery platforms are needed for combatting osteosarcoma, which accounts for a large proportion of malignant bone tumors. This Review highlights recent progress in drug delivery methods, including systemic nanoparticle-based drug delivery and local strategies such as nanoparticles, hydrogels, and scaffolds, while addressing ongoing challenges and future research needs.
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