From the intersection of computational science and technological speculation, with boundaries limited only by our ability to imagine what could be.
从计算科学和技术推测的交叉点开始，边界只被我们想象可能发生的事情的能力所限制。
{"title":"How Climate Change Was Won","authors":"Ross Koningstein","doi":"10.1145/3623643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3623643","url":null,"abstract":"From the intersection of computational science and technological speculation, with boundaries limited only by our ability to imagine what could be.","PeriodicalId":10594,"journal":{"name":"Communications of the ACM","volume":"18 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135567502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Gamification of Academia","authors":"Sean Flaherty, Gregg Gordon","doi":"10.1145/3625253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3625253","url":null,"abstract":"Gaming the system.","PeriodicalId":10594,"journal":{"name":"Communications of the ACM","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135618178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ricardo Fabrino Mendonça, Fernando Filgueiras, Virgilio Almeida
Exploring the complex interactions between humans and machines governed by algorithms.
探索人类和由算法控制的机器之间复杂的相互作用。
{"title":"The Infrapolitics of Algorithmic Resistance","authors":"Ricardo Fabrino Mendonça, Fernando Filgueiras, Virgilio Almeida","doi":"10.1145/3573008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3573008","url":null,"abstract":"Exploring the complex interactions between humans and machines governed by algorithms.","PeriodicalId":10594,"journal":{"name":"Communications of the ACM","volume":"6 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135567156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Helping the sensory-impaired overcome their impediments.
帮助感觉障碍者克服障碍。
{"title":"Accessibility and Inclusion through Technology","authors":"Keith Kirkpatrick","doi":"10.1145/3623642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3623642","url":null,"abstract":"Helping the sensory-impaired overcome their impediments.","PeriodicalId":10594,"journal":{"name":"Communications of the ACM","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135567163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Analog computing offers one possible solution to the downsides of digital computing.
模拟计算为数字计算的缺点提供了一个可能的解决方案。
{"title":"What's Old Is New Again","authors":"Logan Kugler","doi":"10.1145/3624009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3624009","url":null,"abstract":"Analog computing offers one possible solution to the downsides of digital computing.","PeriodicalId":10594,"journal":{"name":"Communications of the ACM","volume":"23 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135567349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shvetank Prakash, Matthew Stewart, Colby Banbury, Mark Mazumder, Pete Warden, Brian Plancher, Vijay Janapa Reddi
Assessing the environmental impacts of machine learning on microcontrollers.
评估机器学习对微控制器的环境影响。
{"title":"Is TinyML Sustainable?","authors":"Shvetank Prakash, Matthew Stewart, Colby Banbury, Mark Mazumder, Pete Warden, Brian Plancher, Vijay Janapa Reddi","doi":"10.1145/3608473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3608473","url":null,"abstract":"Assessing the environmental impacts of machine learning on microcontrollers.","PeriodicalId":10594,"journal":{"name":"Communications of the ACM","volume":"35 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135567914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Privacy in the Age of AI","authors":"Sauvik Das, Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee, Jodi Forlizzi","doi":"10.1145/3625254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3625254","url":null,"abstract":"What has changed and what should we do about it?","PeriodicalId":10594,"journal":{"name":"Communications of the ACM","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135618371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abi Noda, Margaret-Anne Storey, Nicole Forsgren, Michaela Greiler
The developer-centric approach to measuring and improving productivity.
以开发人员为中心的度量和改进生产力的方法。
{"title":"DevEX: What Actually Drives Productivity?","authors":"Abi Noda, Margaret-Anne Storey, Nicole Forsgren, Michaela Greiler","doi":"10.1145/3610285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3610285","url":null,"abstract":"The developer-centric approach to measuring and improving productivity.","PeriodicalId":10594,"journal":{"name":"Communications of the ACM","volume":"46 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135567604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we take the fundamental perspective of fuzzing as a learning process. Suppose before fuzzing, we know nothing about the behaviors of a program P : What does it do? Executing the first test input, we learn how P behaves for this input. Executing the next input, we either observe the same or discover a new behavior. As such, each execution reveals "some amount" of information about P 's behaviors. A classic measure of information is Shannon's entropy. Measuring entropy allows us to quantify how much is learned from each generated test input about the behaviors of the program. Within a probabilistic model of fuzzing, we show how entropy also measures fuzzer efficiency. Specifically, it measures the general rate at which the fuzzer discovers new behaviors. Intuitively, efficient fuzzers maximize information. From this information theoretic perspective, we develop ENTROPIC, an entropy-based power schedule for greybox fuzzing that assigns more energy to seeds that maximize information. We implemented ENTROPIC into the popular greybox fuzzer LIBFUZZER. Our experiments with more than 250 open-source programs (60 million LoC) demonstrate a substantially improved efficiency and confirm our hypothesis that an efficient fuzzer maximizes information. ENTROPIC has been independently evaluated and integrated into the main-line LIBFUZZER as the default power schedule. ENTROPIC now runs on more than 25,000 machines fuzzing hundreds of security-critical software systems simultaneously and continuously.
{"title":"Boosting Fuzzer Efficiency: An Information Theoretic Perspective","authors":"Marcel Böhme, Valentin J. M. Manès, Sang Kil Cha","doi":"10.1145/3611019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3611019","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we take the fundamental perspective of fuzzing as a learning process. Suppose before fuzzing, we know nothing about the behaviors of a program P : What does it do? Executing the first test input, we learn how P behaves for this input. Executing the next input, we either observe the same or discover a new behavior. As such, each execution reveals \"some amount\" of information about P 's behaviors. A classic measure of information is Shannon's entropy. Measuring entropy allows us to quantify how much is learned from each generated test input about the behaviors of the program. Within a probabilistic model of fuzzing, we show how entropy also measures fuzzer efficiency. Specifically, it measures the general rate at which the fuzzer discovers new behaviors. Intuitively, efficient fuzzers maximize information. From this information theoretic perspective, we develop ENTROPIC, an entropy-based power schedule for greybox fuzzing that assigns more energy to seeds that maximize information. We implemented ENTROPIC into the popular greybox fuzzer LIBFUZZER. Our experiments with more than 250 open-source programs (60 million LoC) demonstrate a substantially improved efficiency and confirm our hypothesis that an efficient fuzzer maximizes information. ENTROPIC has been independently evaluated and integrated into the main-line LIBFUZZER as the default power schedule. ENTROPIC now runs on more than 25,000 machines fuzzing hundreds of security-critical software systems simultaneously and continuously.","PeriodicalId":10594,"journal":{"name":"Communications of the ACM","volume":"37 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135568035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Uncloneable Cryptography","authors":"Or Sattath","doi":"10.1145/3576897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3576897","url":null,"abstract":"In memory of Stephen Wiesner, 1942--2021.","PeriodicalId":10594,"journal":{"name":"Communications of the ACM","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135513937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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