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A Recent Advancement in Food Quality Assessment: Using MOF-Based Sensors: Challenges and Future Aspects. 食品质量评估的最新进展:使用基于 MOF 的传感器:挑战与未来展望
IF 5 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2300660
Muhammad Saqaf Jagirani, Weiqiang Zhou, Ahsan Nazir, Muhammad Yasir Akram, Pengwei Huo, Yongsheng Yan

Monitoring food safety is crucial and significantly impacts the ecosystem and human health. To adequately address food safety problems, a collaborative effort needed from government, industry, and consumers. Modern sensing technologies with outstanding performance are needed to meet the growing demands for quick and accurate food safety monitoring. Recently, emerging sensors for regulating food safety have been extensively explored. Along with the development in sensing technology, the metal-organic frameworks (MOF)-based sensors gained more attention due to their excellent sensing, catalytic, and adsorption properties. This review summarizes the current advancements and applications of MOFs-based sensors, including colorimetric, electrochemical, luminescent, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and electrochemiluminescent sensors. and also focused on the applications of MOF-based sensors for the monitoring of toxins such as heavy metals, pesticide residues, mycotoxins, pathogens, and illegal food additives from food samples. Future trends, as well as current developments in MOF-based materials.

食品安全监控至关重要,对生态系统和人类健康有着重大影响。要充分解决食品安全问题,需要政府、行业和消费者的共同努力。需要性能卓越的现代传感技术来满足对快速、准确的食品安全监控日益增长的需求。最近,人们对用于食品安全监管的新兴传感器进行了广泛的探索。随着传感技术的发展,基于金属有机框架(MOF)的传感器因其优异的传感、催化和吸附性能而受到越来越多的关注。本综述总结了目前基于 MOFs 的传感器的进展和应用,包括比色、电化学、发光、表面增强拉曼散射和电化学发光传感器,还重点介绍了基于 MOFs 的传感器在监测食品样品中重金属、农药残留、霉菌毒素、病原体和非法食品添加剂等毒素方面的应用。MOF 基材料的未来趋势和当前发展。
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Polymerization Techniques on the Creation of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Sensors and Their Application on Pharmaceutical Compounds. 聚合技术对创建分子印迹聚合物传感器的影响及其在药物化合物中的应用。
IF 5 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2301652
Abdullah Al Faysal, S Irem Kaya, Ahmet Cetinkaya, Sibel A Ozkan, Ayşegül Gölcü

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have become more prevalent in fabricating sensor applications, particularly in medicine, pharmaceuticals, food quality monitoring, and the environment. The ease of their preparation, adaptability of templates, superior affinity and specificity, improved stability, and the possibility for downsizing are only a few benefits of these sensors. Moreover, from a medical perspective, monitoring therapeutic medications and determining pharmaceutical compounds in their pharmaceutical forms and biological systems is very important. Additionally, because medications are hazardous to the environment, effective, quick, and affordable determination in the surrounding environment is of major importance. Concerning a variety of performance criteria, including sensitivity, specificity, low detection limits, and affordability, MIP sensors outperform other published technologies for analyzing pharmaceutical drugs. MIP sensors have, therefore, been widely used as one of the most crucial techniques for analyzing pharmaceuticals. The first part of this review provides a detailed explanation of the many polymerization techniques that were employed to create high-performing MIP sensors. In the subsequent section of the review, the utilization of MIP-based sensors for quantifying the drugs in their pharmaceutical preparation, biological specimens, and environmental samples are covered in depth. Finally, a critical evaluation of the potential future research paths for MIP-based sensors clarifies the use of MIP in pharmaceutical fields.

分子印迹聚合物(MIPs)在制造传感器应用中越来越普遍,尤其是在医学、制药、食品质量监测和环境领域。分子印迹聚合物易于制备、模板适应性强、亲和性和特异性高、稳定性好,而且可以缩小尺寸,这些仅仅是这些传感器的几个优点。此外,从医学角度来看,监测治疗药物并确定药物形式和生物系统中的药物化合物非常重要。此外,由于药物对环境有害,因此在周围环境中进行有效、快速和经济的测定也非常重要。就灵敏度、特异性、低检测限和经济性等各种性能标准而言,MIP 传感器在分析药物方面优于其他已公布的技术。因此,MIP 传感器已被广泛用作分析药物的最关键技术之一。本综述的第一部分详细介绍了用于制造高性能 MIP 传感器的多种聚合技术。在综述的后续部分,深入介绍了如何利用 MIP 传感器对药物制剂、生物样本和环境样本中的药物进行定量分析。最后,对基于 MIP 的传感器未来可能的研究方向进行了批判性评估,明确了 MIP 在制药领域的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Review of Gas-Chromatographic Measurement Methodologies for Atmospheric Halogenated Greenhouse Gases. 大气卤化温室气体气相色谱测量方法回顾。
IF 5 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2302576
Noh Soo Han, Jeong Sik Lim

Gas chromatography (GC) is crucial for measuring atmospheric halogenated greenhouse gases (hGHGs), usually coupled with electron capture detector (ECD, with higher sensitivity) or mass spectrometry (MS, with higher selectivity). This review compares GC-ECD and GC-MS for analyzing atmospheric hGHGs in terms of analytical methodology, performance, and instrumentation. For hGHGs such as SF6, chlorofluorocarbons, and N2O, ECD can be employed in the single column, forecut-backflush (FCBF), and preconcentration methods. The order of appearance of SF6 and N2O is an important consideration for selecting the separation column to avoid chromatographic interference from the long-tailed N2O and O2 on SF6. Single column and FCBF GC-ECD methods suffer from nonlinear responsivity, but the preconcentration method can compensate for nonlinearity. The last method also offers a low drift, which eliminates the need for multipoint calibration and enables perfect linearity at atmospheric SF6 levels. GC-MS demonstrates strong separability and identification capabilities, and over 60 hGHGs can be qualitatively analyzed by leveraging the separation power of MS and established MS databases. However, GC-MS requires a preconcentrator operating at -165 °C utilizing specialized adsorbents. Two notable preconcentrator-GC-MS systems, Medusa-GC-MS and detachable trap preconcentrator (DTP) GC-MS, differ in trap design, temperature scheme, and separation column type. Medusa-GC-MS employs a three-phased temperature operation before MS. DTP-GC-MS separates the preconcentration cycle into highly and less volatile compounds, using a different temperature scheme from that of Medusa-GC-MS. The preconcentrator-GC-MS system is widely employed for measuring perfluorocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons, and other hGHGs. This method necessitates multiple adsorption traps to discriminate the most abundant air components.

气相色谱法(GC)是测量大气卤代温室气体(hGHGs)的关键,通常与电子捕获检测器(ECD,灵敏度更高)或质谱法(MS,选择性更高)结合使用。本综述从分析方法、性能和仪器方面对用于分析大气中温室气体的 GC-ECD 和 GC-MS 进行了比较。对于 SF6、氯氟化碳和 N2O 等 hGHGs,ECD 可用于单柱、前切后冲(FCBF)和预浓缩方法。SF6 和 N2O 的出现顺序是选择分离柱的重要考虑因素,以避免 SF6 上长尾 N2O 和 O2 的色谱干扰。单柱和 FCBF GC-ECD 方法存在非线性反应,但预浓缩方法可以补偿非线性。最后一种方法还具有低漂移的特点,因此无需进行多点校准,在大气中的 SF6 水平下也能达到完美的线性。GC-MS 具有很强的分离和鉴定能力,利用 MS 的分离能力和已建立的 MS 数据库,可以对 60 多种 hGHGs 进行定性分析。不过,气相色谱-质谱联用仪需要使用专门的吸附剂,在-165 °C的温度下工作。两种著名的预浓缩器-气相色谱-质谱联用仪系统,即 Medusa-GC-MS 和可分离捕集器预浓缩器 (DTP) 气相色谱-质谱联用仪,在捕集器设计、温度方案和分离柱类型上各不相同。Medusa-GC-MS 在 MS 之前采用三阶段温度操作。DTP-GC-MS 采用与 Medusa-GC-MS 不同的温度方案,将预浓缩循环分为高挥发性和低挥发性化合物。预浓缩器-气相色谱-质谱系统被广泛用于测量全氟化碳、氢氟碳化合物和其他 hGHGs。这种方法需要多个吸附捕集器来分辨空气中含量最高的成分。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing the Greenness and Environmental Friendliness of Analytical Methods: Modern Approaches and Recent Computational Programs. 评估分析方法的绿色环保性:现代方法和最新计算程序。
IF 5 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2304552
Farah Abdulraouf Semysim, Barakat Kareem Hussain, Maha Abbas Hussien, Ebaa Adnan Azooz, Denys Snigur

Environmental measures have drawn more attention recently as a means of identifying cost-effective, safe, and green approaches in analytical methods. As a result, white and green analytical chemistry was developed. Greenness, whiteness, and chemical risks are all measured under the general expression "environmental measurements." For the first time, the greenness, whiteness, and chemical risk-measuring programs are presented along with their histories, concepts, advantages, and disadvantages. The six scales that were published between 2020 and 2023, including the Analytical Greenness Calculator (AGREE), the Analytical Greenness Metric for Sample Preparation (AGREEprep), the Complementary Green Analytical Procedure Index (ComplexGAPI), Red-Green-Blue (RGB12), blue applicability grade index (BAGI), and the Chloroform-oriented Toxicity Estimation (ChlorTox) scales are discussed. Also, the applications of several analytical methods have been compared. Lastly, patterns for the future were suggested. We hope this review is helpful for analysts to stay up-to-date with recent greenness, whiteness, and chemical risk scales. Additionally, the most appropriate procedure has been chosen, applied, and compared easily.

最近,环保措施作为确定分析方法中具有成本效益、安全和绿色方法的一种手段,引起了越来越多的关注。因此,白色和绿色分析化学应运而生。绿色、白色和化学风险都是在 "环境测量 "的一般表述下进行测量的。本书首次介绍了绿色、白色和化学风险测量项目及其历史、概念、优点和缺点。此外,还讨论了 2020 年至 2023 年间发布的六个量表,包括分析绿度计算器(AGREE)、样品制备分析绿度指标(AGREEprep)、绿色分析程序互补指数(ComplexGAPI)、红绿蓝(RGB12)、蓝色适用性等级指数(BAGI)和以氯仿为导向的毒性估算(ChlorTox)量表。此外,还对几种分析方法的应用进行了比较。最后,提出了未来的发展模式。我们希望这篇综述能帮助分析人员了解最新的绿度、白度和化学风险量表。此外,选择、应用和比较最合适的程序也很容易。
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引用次数: 0
The Latest Sensor Detection Methods for per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances. 全氟和多氟烷基物质的最新传感器检测方法。
IF 5 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2299233
Mingyu Zhang, Yanan Zhao, Brian Bui, Liming Tang, Jiajia Xue, Mingli Chen, Wei Chen

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have emerged as a prominent environmental pollutant in recent years, primarily due to their tendency to accumulate and magnify in both the environment and living organisms. The entry of PFASs into the environment can have detrimental effects on human health. Hence, it is crucial to actively monitor and detect the presence of PFASs. The current standard detection method of PFAS is the combination of chromatography and mass spectrometry. However, this requires expensive instruments, extra sample pretreatment steps, complicated operation and long analysis time. As a result, new methods that do not rely on chromatography and mass spectrometry have been developed and applied. These alternative methods mainly include optical and electrochemical sensor methods, which offer great potential in terms of real-time field detection, instrument miniaturization, shorter analysis time, and reduced detection cost. This review provides a summary of recent advancements in PFAS detection sensors. We categorize and explain the principles and mechanisms of these sensors, and compare their limits of detection and sensitivity. Finally, we discuss the future challenges and improvements needed for PFAS sensors, such as field application, commercialization, and other related issues.

近年来,全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质(PFASs)已成为一种突出的环境污染物,这主要是由于它们在环境和生物体内都有累积和放大的趋势。PFASs 进入环境会对人类健康产生有害影响。因此,积极监测和检测 PFAS 的存在至关重要。目前检测 PFAS 的标准方法是色谱法和质谱法的结合。然而,这种方法需要昂贵的仪器、额外的样品预处理步骤、复杂的操作和较长的分析时间。因此,不依赖色谱法和质谱法的新方法得到了开发和应用。这些替代方法主要包括光学和电化学传感器方法,它们在实时现场检测、仪器微型化、缩短分析时间和降低检测成本等方面具有巨大潜力。本综述概述了 PFAS 检测传感器的最新进展。我们对这些传感器的原理和机制进行了分类和解释,并比较了它们的检测极限和灵敏度。最后,我们讨论了 PFAS 传感器未来面临的挑战和需要改进的地方,如现场应用、商业化和其他相关问题。
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引用次数: 0
Nanomaterials for Fluorescent Detection of Hemoglobin. 用于荧光检测血红蛋白的纳米材料。
IF 5 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-01-16 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2301660
Yongming Guo, Yiting Tang, Yu Tan, Yijin Li, Yubin Xiang

Hemoglobin plays a vital role in a series of biological activities. Abnormal levels of hemoglobin in blood are associated with many clinical diseases. Therefore, development of simple and accurate methods for sensing hemoglobin is of considerable significance. The blowout advancement in nanotechnology has urged the use of different types of fluorescent nanomaterials for hemoglobin assay. The past decades have witnessed the rapid progress of fluorescent nanosensors for hemoglobin assay. In the review, the sensing principles of fluorescent nanomaterials for sensing hemoglobin were briefly discussed. The advances of fluorescent nanosensors for detection of hemoglobin were further highlighted. And the sensing performance of fluorescent nanosensors versus traditional detection approaches was compared. Finally, the challenges and future directions of fluorescent nanomaterials for detection of hemoglobin are discussed. The review will arouse much more attention to the construction of hemoglobin sensors and facilitate rapid development of fluorescent nanosensors of hemoglobin.

血红蛋白在一系列生物活动中发挥着重要作用。血液中血红蛋白水平异常与许多临床疾病有关。因此,开发简单而准确的血红蛋白检测方法意义重大。纳米技术的井喷式发展推动了不同类型的荧光纳米材料在血红蛋白检测中的应用。过去几十年来,用于血红蛋白检测的荧光纳米传感器取得了突飞猛进的发展。本综述简要讨论了用于检测血红蛋白的荧光纳米材料的传感原理。进一步强调了用于检测血红蛋白的荧光纳米传感器的进展。并比较了荧光纳米传感器与传统检测方法的传感性能。最后,讨论了用于检测血红蛋白的荧光纳米材料所面临的挑战和未来发展方向。该综述将引起人们对血红蛋白传感器构建的更多关注,并促进血红蛋白荧光纳米传感器的快速发展。
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引用次数: 0
Nanomaterials Connected to Bioreceptors to Introduce Efficient Biosensing Strategy for Diagnosis of the TORCH Infections: A Critical Review. 与生物受体相连的纳米材料为诊断 TORCH 感染引入了高效的生物传感策略:批判性评论。
IF 5 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2301649
Sofiene Mansouri, Yousef Alharbi, Abdulrahman Alqahtani

TORCH infection is a significant risk factor for severe fetal damage, especially congenital malformations. Screening pregnant women for TORCH pathogens could reduce the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes and prevent birth defects. Hence, timely identification and inhibition of TORCH infections are effective ways to successfully prevent them in pregnant women. Recently, the superiority of biosensors in TORCH pathogen sensing has been emphasized due to their intrinsic benefits, such as rapid response time, portability, cost-effectiveness, much friendlier preparation and determination steps. With the introduction of advanced nanomaterials into biosensing, the diagnostic properties of biosensors have significantly improved. This study core presents and debates the current progress in biosensing systems for TORCH pathogens using various artificial and natural receptors. The incorporation of nanomaterials into various transduction systems can enhance diagnostic performance. The key performance characteristics of optical and electrochemical biosensors, such as response time, limit of detection (LOD), and linear detection range, are systematically discussed, along with the current TORCH pathogens used for constructing biosensors. Finally, the major problems that exist for converting scientific investigation into product development are also outlined.

TORCH 感染是导致严重胎儿损伤,尤其是先天性畸形的重要风险因素。对孕妇进行 TORCH 病原体筛查可以降低不良妊娠结局的发生率,预防出生缺陷。因此,及时发现和抑制 TORCH 感染是成功预防孕妇 TORCH 感染的有效途径。近来,生物传感器在 TORCH 病原体检测中的优越性得到了强调,这是因为生物传感器具有快速响应时间、便携性、成本效益、更友好的制备和测定步骤等内在优势。随着先进纳米材料被引入生物传感领域,生物传感器的诊断性能得到了显著改善。本研究的核心内容是介绍和讨论利用各种人工和天然受体检测 TORCH 病原体的生物传感系统的最新进展。在各种传导系统中加入纳米材料可以提高诊断性能。系统地讨论了光学和电化学生物传感器的关键性能特征,如响应时间、检测限(LOD)和线性检测范围,以及目前用于构建生物传感器的 TORCH 病原体。最后,还概述了将科学研究转化为产品开发所存在的主要问题。
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引用次数: 0
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Methods for Determining the Purity of Drugs with Weak UV Chromophores - A Review. 测定具有弱紫外发色团的药物纯度的高效液相色谱法 - 综述。
IF 5 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-01-05 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2291815
Elżbieta Sobolewska, Magdalena Biesaga

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is one of the most useful techniques for the separation and determination of new drugs with a complex nature. The selection of an HPLC detector depends on the chemical nature of molecules, potential impurities, matrix of the sample, sensitivity, availability, and/or cost of the detector. HPLC methods with UV/Vis detectors are the most used and simple analytical procedures in pharmaceutical applications, but it is limited to compounds that possess a chromophore. Hence, this review provides an overview on the development of analytical methods for compounds with weak chromophores. The review described selected papers about HPLC based methods in the PubMed, Scopus, Semantic Scholar and ScienceDirect databases, basically between 2006 and 2023. Of the analytical studies, the HPLC methods with UV-Vis, FLD, CAD, ELSD, RID, ECD, CLND and MS detection were found. This study is a comparison of different types of detection that are described in scientific literature and are routinely used for compounds with weak chromophores. It is expected that this review will be helpful for scientists in the analytical development fields to improve research related to the drug candidates and to ensure its quality according to regulatory levels.

高效液相色谱法(HPLC)是分离和测定性质复杂的新药最有用的技术之一。高效液相色谱检测器的选择取决于分子的化学性质、潜在杂质、样品基质、检测器的灵敏度、可用性和/或成本。使用紫外/可见检测器的高效液相色谱法是制药应用中最常用、最简单的分析程序,但仅限于具有发色团的化合物。因此,本综述概述了弱发色团化合物分析方法的发展情况。综述选取了 PubMed、Scopus、Semantic Scholar 和 ScienceDirect 数据库中有关基于高效液相色谱法的论文,时间基本在 2006 年至 2023 年之间。在这些分析研究中,发现了采用 UV-Vis、FLD、CAD、ELSD、RID、ECD、CLND 和 MS 检测的 HPLC 方法。本研究对科学文献中描述的不同检测类型进行了比较,这些检测类型通常用于具有弱发色团的化合物。预计本综述将有助于分析开发领域的科学家改进与候选药物相关的研究,并确保其质量符合法规要求。
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引用次数: 0
Aptamer-Magnetic Nanoparticle Complexes for Powerful Biosensing: A Comprehensive Review. 用于功能强大的生物传感的 Aptamer-磁性纳米粒子复合物:全面回顾。
IF 5 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2298328
Farag M A Altalbawy, Eyhab Ali, Mohammed N Fenjan, Yasser Fakri Mustafa, Sofiene Mansouri, Bokov D O, Sharipova Gulnikhol Idiyevna, Neeti Misra, Ahmed Hussien Alawadi, Ali Alsalamy

The selective and sensitive diagnosis of diseases is a significant matter in the early stages of the cure of illnesses. To elaborate, although several types of probes have been broadly applied in clinics, magnetic nanomaterials-aptamers, as new-generation probes, are becoming more and more attractive. The presence of magnetic nanomaterials brings about quantification, purification, and quantitative analysis of biomedical, especially in complex samples. Elaborately, the superparamagnetic properties and numerous functionalized groups of magnetic nanomaterials are considered two main matters for providing separation ability and immobilization substrate, respectively. In addition, the selectivity and stability of aptamer can present a high potential recognition element. Importantly, the integration of aptamer and magnetic nanomaterials benefits can boost the performance of biosensors for biomedical analysis by introducing efficient and compact probes that need low patient samples and fast diagnosis, user-friendly application, and high repeatability in the quantification of biomolecules. The primary aim of this review is to suggest a summary of the effect of the employed other types of nanomaterials in the fabrication of novel aptasensors-based magnetic nanomaterials and to carefully explore various applications of these probes in the quantification of bioagents. Furthermore, the application of these versatile and high-potential probes in terms of the detection of cancer cells and biomarkers, proteins, drugs, bacteria, and nucleoside were discussed. Besides, research gaps and restrictions in the field of biomedical analysis by magnetic nanomaterials-aptamers will be discussed.

对疾病进行选择性和敏感性诊断,是疾病治疗早期阶段的一项重要工作。详细而言,尽管有几种探针已广泛应用于临床,但磁性纳米材料-适配体作为新一代探针正变得越来越有吸引力。磁性纳米材料的存在带来了生物医学的定量、纯化和定量分析,尤其是在复杂样本中。具体来说,磁性纳米材料的超顺磁性能和大量功能化基团被认为是分别提供分离能力和固定基质的两个主要因素。此外,适配体的选择性和稳定性也是一种极具潜力的识别元素。重要的是,将适配体和磁性纳米材料的优势结合起来,可以提高生物医学分析中生物传感器的性能,推出高效、紧凑的探针,这种探针需要的病人样本少,诊断速度快,应用方便,而且在生物分子定量方面具有高重复性。本综述的主要目的是总结在制造基于磁性纳米材料的新型灵敏传感器时所采用的其他类型纳米材料的效果,并仔细探讨这些探针在生物试剂定量中的各种应用。此外,还讨论了这些多功能、高潜力探针在检测癌细胞和生物标记物、蛋白质、药物、细菌和核苷方面的应用。此外,还将讨论磁性纳米材料-触媒在生物医学分析领域的研究空白和限制。
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引用次数: 0
Recent Advances in Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction for Pharmaceutical Analysis. 用于药物分析的分散液-液微萃取技术的最新进展。
IF 5 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2299280
Karen Sze Jie Tay, Hong Heng See

Sample clean-up and pre-concentration are critical components of pharmaceutical analysis. The dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) technique is widely recognized as the most effective approach for enhancing overall detection sensitivity. While various DLLME modes have been advanced in pharmaceutical analysis, there need to be more discussions on pre-concentration techniques specifically developed for this field. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the different DLLME modes used in pharmaceutical analysis from 2017 to May 2023. The review covers the principles of DLLME, the factors affecting microextraction, the selected applications of different DLLME modes, and their advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, it focuses on multi-extraction strategies employed for pharmaceutical analysis.

样品净化和预浓缩是药物分析的关键组成部分。分散液-液微萃取(DLLME)技术被公认为是提高整体检测灵敏度的最有效方法。虽然各种 DLLME 模式已在药物分析中得到了推广,但仍需更多地讨论专为这一领域开发的预浓缩技术。本综述全面概述了 2017 年至 2023 年 5 月期间用于药物分析的各种 DLLME 模式。综述涵盖了 DLLME 的原理、影响微萃取的因素、不同 DLLME 模式的选定应用及其优缺点。此外,报告还重点介绍了药物分析中采用的多重萃取策略。
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引用次数: 0
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Critical reviews in analytical chemistry
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