Advanced Electronic Materials最新文献

Halide perovskites have recently gained attention for use as electrode materials in lithium-ion batteries. However, lead halide perovskites cannot withstand the harsh chemical environment in a standard lithium battery and tend to degrade after a few cycles. Here, we investigated a class of lead-free all-inorganic zinc perovskite halides (Cs₂ZnX₄; X = Cl or Br) as the Li⁺ storage materials in the lithium-ion batteries (LIB). These materials can be synthesized by a facile mechanochemical method and exhibit a high lithium storage capacity with impressive rate performance and stability. We further improved the performance by evaporating a thin layer of C₆₀ on the pristine electrode, enabling faster Li⁺ ion transport. We found that the C₆₀ layer prevents direct contact between the electrode and electrolyte, thereby deterring side reactions and providing superior mechanical stability. The Cs₂ZnCl₄ LIB achieved an initial discharge capacity of 349 mAh g⁻¹ and a reversible capacity of 98 mAh g⁻¹ after 100-cycles, with continuing functionality up to 500 cycles. Unlike traditional perovskites, these zinc-based materials may lead to high performance, non-toxic Li-ion intercalation layers that are both stable and efficient.

Research on monolayer materials remains at the forefront of materials research. Here, we present a systematic study of graphenic carbon layers focusing on their structural evolution and electrical properties as film thickness approaches the atomic limit. The ultrathin carbon films are obtained from the pyrolysis of photoresist films (PPF) directly on the target substrate, also allowing structuring by lithographic means. Thus, pre-defined graphenic structures can be realized with controlled thickness, down to the sub-nanometer scale as determined by atomic force microscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the predominant sp² hybridization of our films, transmission electron microscopy reveals domains with hexagonal atomic structure, and Raman spectroscopy shows signatures of evolving nanocrystallinity with decreasing film thickness until dimensional confinement imposes a lower limit. We further demonstrate the functionality of the sub-nanometric pyrolyzed polymer film as a chemiresistive NO₂ sensor. The films' scalability and patternability across multiple length scales, together with their chemical inertness and biocompatibility, make them promising candidates for future applications.

Insulating and conductive self-healing elastomers represent a high-potential paradigm shift in the development of soft radio-frequency (RF) electronics applications, such as coplanar waveguide (CWP) RF transmission lines. In this article, we present a novel stretchable, self-healing CPW RF transmission line that uses self-healing materials for both the substrate and the conductor. The used self-healing liquid metal elastomer composite achieves a conductivity of approximately 2000 S cm⁻¹ at zero strain. S-parameter measurements of reflection (S₁₁) and transmission (S₂₁) were performed for the coplanar waveguide as the electrical length was uniaxially stretched up to 100%. The stretchable and self-healing CPW RF transmission lines maintain remarkable consistency in transmission response at 1–6 GHz when mechanically stretched at 0%–50% for 1000 stretch-release cycles. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first proof-of-concept demonstration of a fully self-healing CPW transmission line, paving the way for durable and reconfigurable soft RF devices.

This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the noise behavior of piezoelectric MEMS devices using a combined experimental and modeling-based approach. A detailed analysis is performed to decompose the total noise into its constituent sources, including thermal noise in the piezoelectric layer, input voltage noise of the amplifier, input current noise of the amplifier, and the thermal noise of the bias resistor within the amplifier. Noise spectral density measurements are carried out from a few Hz to 1 MHz. They exhibit a pronounced 1/f characteristic at lower frequencies, where amplifier-related noise sources are significant. The proposed electrical noise modeling framework accurately reproduces the experimental data, validating its effectiveness in capturing noise contributions across the operating bandwidth. Additionally, temperature-dependent measurements reveal reductions in both capacitance (3%) and loss tangent (75%) of the aluminum nitride piezoelectric layer when cooled from 300 to 80 K, correlating with a corresponding decrease in the device's thermal noise. These results provide valuable insights into the optimization of piezoelectric MEMS devices for low-noise applications, particularly in cryogenic environments, and contribute to advancing the design of next-generation high-sensitivity MEMS/NEMS sensors and actuators.

Non-flammable solid electrolytes are key materials in all-solid-state batteries. Chloride solid electrolytes exhibit high ionic conductivities derived from weak Coulomb interactions with carrier ions. However, not all chlorides are stable, and a limited number of Na-Cl-based materials exhibit ionic conductivities above 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹. Herein, the ionic conductivities of Na-Cl compounds in a structural database (Materials Project) are comprehensively calculated through force field molecular dynamics and density functional theory calculations. The results predict that Na₃La₅Cl₁₈ (mp-1173723) is thermodynamically stable with a high ionic conductivity (1.5 × 10⁻² S cm⁻¹) at 298 K. Moreover, the 1D conduction pathway along the c-axis of Na₃La₅Cl₁₈ is confirmed. Nuclear magnetic resonance measurements confirm the high ionic conductivity (>10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹ at 298 K) of synthesized Na₃La₅Cl₁₈. Analysis of characterization results reveals that the ionic conductivity of Na₃La₅Cl₁₈ can be further improved by suppressing La mixing in the 1D conduction pathway, while impedance measurements and relaxation time analysis show that conductivity is enhanced by reducing the large crystallite grain boundary resistance. Na₃La₅Cl₁₈ has a higher ignition temperature (>800°C) compared to the sulfide electrolyte Na₃PS₄ (∼300°C). The results of this study enable the realization of ASSBs with improved safety.

Metal halide perovskites have emerged as a highly promising class of materials, garnering immense scientific and technological interest in recent years. Their exceptional properties make them particularly attractive for a wide range of optoelectronic applications, most notably in high-efficiency solar cells and advanced photodetectors. Beyond these uses, hybrid perovskite materials have also demonstrated potential as sensitive platforms for detecting volatile organic compounds, further expanding their technological relevance. It has been demonstrated that the adsorption of these organic molecules can passivate surface defects, which improves the conductance of the perovskite layer. Here, we show that methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr₃) and 2-phenylethylammonium lead bromide ((PEA)₂PbBr₄) are highly effective in sensing 1-propanol, which has been identified as biomarker for lung cancer. Both systems exhibit a response time of 1 s, and a recovery time of 1.7 and 14 s for MAPbBr₃ and (PEA)₂PbBr₄, respectively. Going from a 3D to a 2D structure allows us to tailor electronic properties and trap density states, thereby greatly enhancing gas sensitivity. Both systems show a remarkable maximum response of 10⁶ and 10⁷ at 6000 and 7000 ppm, respectively, and a low detection limit of 90 ppm.

Despite significant advances being made in pressure sensor technologies, driven by increasing demand for wearable devices, future Internet of Things (IoT) applications, and electronic skin (e-skin), critical challenges persist in achieving high sensitivity, high pressure resolution, rapid response, and a wide linear range. Here, we report a cost-effective and easy-to-fabricate pressure sensor that simultaneously achieves high sensitivity and an extensive linear operating range by emulating the multi-modulus structure of human skin. Typically, these two properties are inversely related, rendering their simultaneous optimization highly challenging. Our sensor design employs a porous structure, composed of two layers of distinct moduli; this is achieved by precisely adjusting the base to crosslinker ratio of polydimethylsiloxane mixed with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The synergistic effect of the MWCNTs and porous structure results in a high sensitivity (2.24 kPa⁻¹), while the dual-modulus configuration extends the linear response (up to 45 kPa). Moreover, the sensor demonstrates excellent reproducibility and can maintain a stable response even after 6000 cycles of mechanical deformation at 15 kPa. These findings underscore the sensor's efficacy in diverse pressure detection scenarios and its potential for applications in human–machine interface systems and soft robotics.

Reconfigurability in logic-in-memory (LIM) enables highly integrated circuits to be used in data-intensive applications by performing several logic operations within a single circuit structure. In this study, the reconfigurable LIM (R-LIM) cell consisted of eight triple-gated feedback field-effect transistors (TG FBFETs) that were shared equally in the pull-up and pull-down networks. Because of the reconfigurable characteristics of the TG FBFET, the R-LIM cell performed AND, OR, NOT, and XOR operations without redesign of the circuit topology. Furthermore, the 2 × 2 R-LIM cell array executed half-adder, half-subtractor, 1:2 demultiplexer, and 4:2 encoder operations using a combination of AND, OR, NOT, and XOR operations. The logic results remained without an external power supply because of the memory characteristics of the TG FBFET used as a component of the R-LIM cell. The results of this study provide an effective method for designing highly integrated circuits for data-intensive computing systems.

Currently, high-frequency, ultra-fast, and tunneling diodes are mainly fabricated using traditional lithography and evaporation techniques, typically limited to wafer sizes. This work introduces a new method for fabricating metal–insulator–insulator–metal (MIIM) diodes using ultra-precise dispensing (UPD) printing techniques, providing a practical alternative to traditional lithography. Enabling highly precise material deposition, minimizing waste and boosting manufacturing efficiency. Both bottom and top electrodes of the MIIM diode are silver(Ag) and fabricated via UPD, while atomic layer deposition (ALD) is employed to deposit the insulating layers. 1 nm of tin oxide(SnO₂) and 1 nm of aluminum oxide(Al₂O₃) sandwiched between the electrodes: The Ag/SnO₂/Al₂O₃/Ag MIIM diode has a contact area of ca. 5.4 µm × 4.0 µm determined by FIB-SEM. A quantum simulator based on the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) method is used to analyze the diode's performance and shows agreement with measurement results. The electrical characterization of the fabricated MIIM device exhibits a tunneling current in the nano- to microampere range, a zero-bias responsivity of −1.31 A/W, and dynamic resistance of 39.56 kΩ. Combining ultra-precise printing with innovative insulators provides a promising pathway to large-scale, low-cost production of high-performance MIM diodes for energy harvesting, high-frequency rectification, and flexible applications electronics.