SnSb (SS), a vital phase-change thin film, has attracted attention due to its excellent phase-change properties, but the poor amorphous stability and crystalline speed of SS greatly limit its application in rapid phase-transition memories. Here, we propose a copper (Cu)-doped SS phase change films to achieve ultra-speed and high-reliability of SS. Resistance-temperature tests show Cu-Sn-Sb possesses ultra-low crystalline and amorphous resistivity, higher phase transition speed, and lower activation energy. X-ray diffraction measurements illustrate the introduction of Cu ions hinders the growth of grains and reduce grains size. Atomic force microscopy characterizes the surface morphology of as-deposited and annealed Cu-Sn-Sb films, and difference of root-mean-square roughness before and after annealing promote Cu-Sn-Sb film is more reliable to touch electrodes. In addition, the ultra-low resistivity and fast transition speed effectively reduce thermal loss in SET and RESET process. The results reveal that Cu-Sn-Sb is a promising material for ultra-rapid phase change and high-reliability storage applications.
SnSb（SS）是一种重要的相变薄膜，因其优异的相变特性而备受关注，但 SS 的非晶稳定性和结晶速度较差，极大地限制了其在快速相变存储器中的应用。在此，我们提出了一种铜（Cu）掺杂的 SS 相变薄膜，以实现 SS 的超高速和高可靠性。电阻-温度测试表明，铜-锡-锑具有超低的结晶和非晶电阻率、更高的相变速度和更低的活化能。X 射线衍射测量表明，铜离子的引入阻碍了晶粒的生长并减小了晶粒尺寸。原子力显微镜表征了沉积和退火后铜锑硼薄膜的表面形态，退火前后的均方根粗糙度差异表明铜锑硼薄膜更适合触摸电极。此外，超低的电阻率和快速的转变速度有效降低了 SET 和 RESET 过程中的热损耗。研究结果表明，Cu-Sn-Sb 是一种有望用于超快速相变和高可靠性存储应用的材料。
{"title":"Investigation of Cu-Sn-Sb Thin Film for Ultra-Speed and Phase High-Reliability Change Memory Applications","authors":"Haipeng You, Yixiao Chen, Yue Li, Yinglu Lv, Yin Yao, Jingjing Yang, Yu Xing, Jun Chen, Tianxiang Zhu and Zhengwen Wei","doi":"10.1149/2162-8777/ad3fe6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/ad3fe6","url":null,"abstract":"SnSb (SS), a vital phase-change thin film, has attracted attention due to its excellent phase-change properties, but the poor amorphous stability and crystalline speed of SS greatly limit its application in rapid phase-transition memories. Here, we propose a copper (Cu)-doped SS phase change films to achieve ultra-speed and high-reliability of SS. Resistance-temperature tests show Cu-Sn-Sb possesses ultra-low crystalline and amorphous resistivity, higher phase transition speed, and lower activation energy. X-ray diffraction measurements illustrate the introduction of Cu ions hinders the growth of grains and reduce grains size. Atomic force microscopy characterizes the surface morphology of as-deposited and annealed Cu-Sn-Sb films, and difference of root-mean-square roughness before and after annealing promote Cu-Sn-Sb film is more reliable to touch electrodes. In addition, the ultra-low resistivity and fast transition speed effectively reduce thermal loss in SET and RESET process. The results reveal that Cu-Sn-Sb is a promising material for ultra-rapid phase change and high-reliability storage applications.","PeriodicalId":11496,"journal":{"name":"ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140832486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-28DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/ad40d0
Abdullah Özkan and Eyyüp Gördük
Crude oil, consisting of hydrocarbons, is the leading global energy source. Sulfur is the most abundant element after carbon and hydrogen in the structure of crude oil. Sulfur and sulfur compounds in the structure of petroleum are dangerous for both the environment and human health due to the SOx gases they produce after combustion. Removing sulfur from oil is a costly and difficult process. Therefore, the sulfur content of crude oil directly affects the price of oil. This study investigated the adsorptive desulfurization performance of graphene, graphene oxide, and graphene oxide functionalized with gold nanoparticles. The synthesized adsorbents were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and then 0.02 to 0.1 g adsorbents were taken separately and placed in a flask that included 50 ml of crude oil. Each flask was stirred at 400 rpm under ambient temperature for 1 h. After the reaction, the adsorbent was separated from the mixture with the help of a centrifuge, and the residual sulfur amount was checked. It was determined that the sulfur removal performance after 1 h contact time was between 2.09%–5.48% for Graphene, 1.91%–4.06% for GO, and 0.575%–6.471% for AuNPs/GO.
原油由碳氢化合物组成，是全球最主要的能源。在原油结构中，硫是仅次于碳和氢的最丰富元素。石油结构中的硫和硫化合物在燃烧后会产生硫氧化物气体，对环境和人类健康都有危害。从石油中脱硫是一个成本高昂且困难的过程。因此，原油中的硫含量直接影响石油价格。本研究调查了石墨烯、氧化石墨烯和氧化石墨烯与金纳米颗粒功能化的吸附脱硫性能。通过扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、能量色散 X 射线分析、反射吸收红外光谱和 X 射线光电子能谱对合成的吸附剂进行了表征，然后分别取 0.02 至 0.1 克吸附剂放入装有 50 毫升原油的烧瓶中。反应结束后，用离心机将吸附剂从混合物中分离出来，并检测残留的硫量。结果表明，接触 1 小时后，石墨烯的脱硫效果为 2.09%-5.48%，GO 为 1.91%-4.06%，AuNPs/GO 为 0.575%-6.471%。
{"title":"Assessing the Efficacy of Graphene, Graphene Oxide, and Graphene Oxide Encrusted with Gold Nanoparticles for Sulfur Removal from Crude Oil: An Innovative Experimental Investigation","authors":"Abdullah Özkan and Eyyüp Gördük","doi":"10.1149/2162-8777/ad40d0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/ad40d0","url":null,"abstract":"Crude oil, consisting of hydrocarbons, is the leading global energy source. Sulfur is the most abundant element after carbon and hydrogen in the structure of crude oil. Sulfur and sulfur compounds in the structure of petroleum are dangerous for both the environment and human health due to the SOx gases they produce after combustion. Removing sulfur from oil is a costly and difficult process. Therefore, the sulfur content of crude oil directly affects the price of oil. This study investigated the adsorptive desulfurization performance of graphene, graphene oxide, and graphene oxide functionalized with gold nanoparticles. The synthesized adsorbents were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and then 0.02 to 0.1 g adsorbents were taken separately and placed in a flask that included 50 ml of crude oil. Each flask was stirred at 400 rpm under ambient temperature for 1 h. After the reaction, the adsorbent was separated from the mixture with the help of a centrifuge, and the residual sulfur amount was checked. It was determined that the sulfur removal performance after 1 h contact time was between 2.09%–5.48% for Graphene, 1.91%–4.06% for GO, and 0.575%–6.471% for AuNPs/GO.","PeriodicalId":11496,"journal":{"name":"ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140812183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The published paper was produced from a poorly-edited file which resulted in numerous typographical and grammatical errors, leading to confusion about the experiments and results reported. The paper has been edited and the corrected version is shown here. In the present study, a novel carbon-carbon composite electrode was prepared by embedding activated carbon derived from chickpea pods and evaluating its potential as an electrode for supercapacitors. A simple, single-step electrospinning technique was used for the synthesis of activated carbon-carbon nanofiber composite. The synthesized activated carbon-carbon nanofiber composite electrode is flexible and binder-free with high specific surface area, micro and meso pores, interconnected fiber-to-flake morphology, and possesses high graphitization. Additionally, rapid electrolyte diffusion has resulted in a low charge transfer resistance due to interconnected morphology. In 6 M KOH electrolyte, the composite binder-free electrode shows a specific capacitance of 147 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 compared to activated carbon electrodes that showed a specific capacitance of 120 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1. It exhibits an energy density of 13 Wh k g−1 at 0.366 W k g−1 power density and also shows impressive cyclic stability by retaining 93.5% of initial capacitance till 1200 cycles at 1 A g−1. Overall, the study presents an easy-to-use, low-cost, eco-friendly, and flexible electrode for supercapacitors that is free of binder.
已发表的论文是根据一份编辑不善的文件编写的，其中存在大量排版和语法错误，导致对所报告的实验和结果产生混淆。该论文已经过编辑，现将更正后的版本刊登在此。在本研究中，通过嵌入从鹰嘴豆荚中提取的活性碳制备了一种新型碳-碳复合电极，并评估了其作为超级电容器电极的潜力。活性碳-碳纳米纤维复合材料的合成采用了简单的单步电纺丝技术。合成的活性碳-碳纳米纤维复合电极柔韧且不含粘合剂，具有高比表面积、微孔和中孔、纤维与薄片相互连接的形态以及高石墨化。此外，由于相互连接的形态，电解质的快速扩散导致了较低的电荷转移电阻。在 6 M KOH 电解液中，无粘结剂复合电极在 0.5 A g-1 的条件下显示出 147 F g-1 的比电容，而活性炭电极在 0.5 A g-1 的条件下显示出 120 F g-1 的比电容。在功率密度为 0.366 W k g-1 时，它的能量密度为 13 Wh k g-1；在 1 A g-1 的条件下，它还能保持 93.5% 的初始电容，循环稳定性令人印象深刻。总之，这项研究为超级电容器提供了一种不含粘合剂的易用、低成本、环保和灵活的电极。
{"title":"Corrigendum: Binder-Free Flexible Chickpea Pod Derived Activated Carbon-Carbon Nanofiber Composite for Supercapacitor Application [ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol., 13, 011104 (2024)]","authors":"Usha Rani Malothu, Kiran Donthula, Manohar Kakunuri and G.V.S. Nageswara Rao","doi":"10.1149/2162-8777/ad3b38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/ad3b38","url":null,"abstract":"The published paper was produced from a poorly-edited file which resulted in numerous typographical and grammatical errors, leading to confusion about the experiments and results reported. The paper has been edited and the corrected version is shown here. In the present study, a novel carbon-carbon composite electrode was prepared by embedding activated carbon derived from chickpea pods and evaluating its potential as an electrode for supercapacitors. A simple, single-step electrospinning technique was used for the synthesis of activated carbon-carbon nanofiber composite. The synthesized activated carbon-carbon nanofiber composite electrode is flexible and binder-free with high specific surface area, micro and meso pores, interconnected fiber-to-flake morphology, and possesses high graphitization. Additionally, rapid electrolyte diffusion has resulted in a low charge transfer resistance due to interconnected morphology. In 6 M KOH electrolyte, the composite binder-free electrode shows a specific capacitance of 147 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 compared to activated carbon electrodes that showed a specific capacitance of 120 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1. It exhibits an energy density of 13 Wh k g−1 at 0.366 W k g−1 power density and also shows impressive cyclic stability by retaining 93.5% of initial capacitance till 1200 cycles at 1 A g−1. Overall, the study presents an easy-to-use, low-cost, eco-friendly, and flexible electrode for supercapacitors that is free of binder.","PeriodicalId":11496,"journal":{"name":"ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140811544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/ad3c26
Zhongyuan Li, Jian Zhang, Lei Wang, Heqian Liu, Shiyu Chen, Minhu Xu, Hongda Yang, Jianquan Liang, Wei-Feng Sun
In order to improve electric-tree resistant performance and dielectric breakdown strength of ethylene-propylene-diene misch-polymere (EPDM) material used for cable accessory reinforce insulation, the two specific aromatic ketone compounds—vinylphenylacetone (VPE) and 4-propylene oxyxy-2-hydroxydibenzenone (AOHBP) are employed as two paradigms of voltage stabilizer for chemical-graft modifications. Electric-tree resistances and insulation performances of modified EPDM materials and their charge trapping mechanism of thermoelectron inhibitions are studied by the accelerated electric-tree aging experiments, alternating current (AC) dielectric breakdown tests, surface potential trap-level analyses and first-principles calculations. Both the two species of voltage stabilizers are effective for promoting electric-tree inception voltage and dielectric breakdown strength, leading to a high extension of electric-tree morphology and smaller dimension of electric-trees growth, in which AOHBP is more significant. The two species of voltage stabilizers have been successfully grafted onto EPDM molecular-chains in thermal-chemistry crosslinking reactions of EPDM, introducing multiple shallow levels of charge traps, which reduces the energy released by trapping charge carriers and thus alleviates electric-tree aging of EPDM. The AOHBP and VPE represent a high electron affinity and a small electronic energy gap, which is competent of assimilating the kinetic energies of hot charge carriers whilst restricting Auger electronic excitation. Especially, the benzene group in voltage stabilizer renders shallow level charge traps with a larger carrier capture cross-section than deep traps and simultaneously possesses the high atomic vibration frequencies similar as electronic-transition energies, which results in effective dissipation on the kinetic energies of hot charge carriers. This mechanism dominates to increase electric-tree resistance and insulation strength of EPDM. The present study proves the important role of voltage stabilizers in improving insulation performance of EPDM material, and reveals the refrigeration mechanism on hot charge carriers for restricting electric-tree growth, which provides a significant strategy of chemical modifications for developing high-insulation cable accessory materials.
{"title":"Electric-Tree Resistant Performance and Thermal Charge-Carrier Dissipation Mechanism of Voltage Stabilizer-Modified EPDM","authors":"Zhongyuan Li, Jian Zhang, Lei Wang, Heqian Liu, Shiyu Chen, Minhu Xu, Hongda Yang, Jianquan Liang, Wei-Feng Sun","doi":"10.1149/2162-8777/ad3c26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/ad3c26","url":null,"abstract":"In order to improve electric-tree resistant performance and dielectric breakdown strength of ethylene-propylene-diene misch-polymere (EPDM) material used for cable accessory reinforce insulation, the two specific aromatic ketone compounds—vinylphenylacetone (VPE) and 4-propylene oxyxy-2-hydroxydibenzenone (AOHBP) are employed as two paradigms of voltage stabilizer for chemical-graft modifications. Electric-tree resistances and insulation performances of modified EPDM materials and their charge trapping mechanism of thermoelectron inhibitions are studied by the accelerated electric-tree aging experiments, alternating current (AC) dielectric breakdown tests, surface potential trap-level analyses and first-principles calculations. Both the two species of voltage stabilizers are effective for promoting electric-tree inception voltage and dielectric breakdown strength, leading to a high extension of electric-tree morphology and smaller dimension of electric-trees growth, in which AOHBP is more significant. The two species of voltage stabilizers have been successfully grafted onto EPDM molecular-chains in thermal-chemistry crosslinking reactions of EPDM, introducing multiple shallow levels of charge traps, which reduces the energy released by trapping charge carriers and thus alleviates electric-tree aging of EPDM. The AOHBP and VPE represent a high electron affinity and a small electronic energy gap, which is competent of assimilating the kinetic energies of hot charge carriers whilst restricting Auger electronic excitation. Especially, the benzene group in voltage stabilizer renders shallow level charge traps with a larger carrier capture cross-section than deep traps and simultaneously possesses the high atomic vibration frequencies similar as electronic-transition energies, which results in effective dissipation on the kinetic energies of hot charge carriers. This mechanism dominates to increase electric-tree resistance and insulation strength of EPDM. The present study proves the important role of voltage stabilizers in improving insulation performance of EPDM material, and reveals the refrigeration mechanism on hot charge carriers for restricting electric-tree growth, which provides a significant strategy of chemical modifications for developing high-insulation cable accessory materials.","PeriodicalId":11496,"journal":{"name":"ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140615990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/ad3c23
Deepak Awasthi, Manikant Paswan, Pallav Gupta
The change in characteristics in the microstructural features of epoxy nanocomposites created by reinforcing with graphene oxide (GO) obtained by controlled reduction of GO was investigated. The effects of adding various loadings (0.1–0.5 wt%) of RGO in epoxy resin were examined, with a focus on the material’s response toward mechanical and thermal properties. The robust interfacial bonding between epoxy resin and RGO is attributed to the higher surface area of the exfoliated layered geometry of graphene and is a key factor contributing to the enhanced physical properties in nanocomposite. The optimal incorporation of 2D nanofillers has been determined to induce a synergistic effect, thereby establishing a percolating network in thermal interface materials designed for high-performance electronic device.
{"title":"Structural, Mechanical and Thermal Behaviour of Graphene-Epoxy Polymer Matrix Nanocomposites","authors":"Deepak Awasthi, Manikant Paswan, Pallav Gupta","doi":"10.1149/2162-8777/ad3c23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/ad3c23","url":null,"abstract":"The change in characteristics in the microstructural features of epoxy nanocomposites created by reinforcing with graphene oxide (GO) obtained by controlled reduction of GO was investigated. The effects of adding various loadings (0.1–0.5 wt%) of RGO in epoxy resin were examined, with a focus on the material’s response toward mechanical and thermal properties. The robust interfacial bonding between epoxy resin and RGO is attributed to the higher surface area of the exfoliated layered geometry of graphene and is a key factor contributing to the enhanced physical properties in nanocomposite. The optimal incorporation of 2D nanofillers has been determined to induce a synergistic effect, thereby establishing a percolating network in thermal interface materials designed for high-performance electronic device.","PeriodicalId":11496,"journal":{"name":"ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140617620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this experiment, a new lead-free piezoelectric ceramics (1−x)K0.45Na0.55Nb0.965Sb0.035O3−x(0.9Bi0.5Li0.5ZrO3−0.1SrSnO3) were prepared by the conventional solid-phase method, and the effects of the doping amount of 0.9Bi0.5Li0.5ZrO3−0.1SrSnO3 on the K0.45Na0.55Nb0.965Sb0.035O3 ceramics on the crystal structure, microstructure, microscopic structure and electrical properties. All the doping ions entered the KNN lattice and formed a dense solid solution with a single-phase structure, and the phase structure of the ceramics coexisted from orthorhombic (O) to orthorhombic-tetragonal (O-T) phases in the range of 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.03, and transitioned to rhombohedral-tetragonal (R-T) phase coexistence when 0.035 ≤ x ≤ 0.05. The electrical properties of the ceramics were analyzed and the polymorphic phase boundary (PPB) region was obtained at x = 0.035 and had the best overall properties: d33 = 324pC/N, kp = 49%, εr = 1479, tanδ = 3.21%, Pr = 31.98 μC/cm2, Ec = 16.83 kV cm−1 and TC = 293°C. By The microstructural analysis of the ceramics showed that the appropriate amount of compound doping of the second element enhances the denseness of the ceramics as well as makes the grains uniformly distributed. These results indicate that the ceramics of this system have great prospects for future applications in the field of lead-free piezoelectric ceramics.
{"title":"The Effect of Bi0.5Li0.5ZrO3-SrSnO3 Composite Doping on the Construction of Polymorphic Phase Boundaries and Enhanced Electrical Properties of K0.45Na0.55Nb0.965Sb0.035O3 Piezoelectric Ceramics","authors":"Ruihua Zheng, Qiyi Yin, Fei Lin, Yulin Zhang, Quanzheng Zhang, Kunhong Hu, Kejie Yang, Yangyang Zhu, Wangzu Zou","doi":"10.1149/2162-8777/ad3c20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/ad3c20","url":null,"abstract":"In this experiment, a new lead-free piezoelectric ceramics (1−<italic toggle=\"yes\">x</italic>)K<sub>0.45</sub>Na<sub>0.55</sub>Nb<sub>0.965</sub>Sb<sub>0.035</sub>O<sub>3</sub>−<italic toggle=\"yes\">x</italic>(0.9Bi<sub>0.5</sub>Li<sub>0.5</sub>ZrO<sub>3</sub>−0.1SrSnO<sub>3</sub>) were prepared by the conventional solid-phase method, and the effects of the doping amount of 0.9Bi<sub>0.5</sub>Li<sub>0.5</sub>ZrO<sub>3</sub>−0.1SrSnO<sub>3</sub> on the K<sub>0.45</sub>Na<sub>0.55</sub>Nb<sub>0.965</sub>Sb<sub>0.035</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ceramics on the crystal structure, microstructure, microscopic structure and electrical properties. All the doping ions entered the KNN lattice and formed a dense solid solution with a single-phase structure, and the phase structure of the ceramics coexisted from orthorhombic (O) to orthorhombic-tetragonal (O-T) phases in the range of 0 ≤ <italic toggle=\"yes\">x</italic> ≤ 0.03, and transitioned to rhombohedral-tetragonal (R-T) phase coexistence when 0.035 ≤ <italic toggle=\"yes\">x</italic> ≤ 0.05. The electrical properties of the ceramics were analyzed and the polymorphic phase boundary (PPB) region was obtained at <italic toggle=\"yes\">x</italic> = 0.035 and had the best overall properties: <italic toggle=\"yes\">d</italic>\u0000<sub>33</sub> = 324pC/N, <italic toggle=\"yes\">k</italic>\u0000<sub>p</sub> = 49%, <italic toggle=\"yes\">ε</italic>\u0000<sub>r</sub> = 1479, tan<italic toggle=\"yes\">δ</italic> = 3.21%, <italic toggle=\"yes\">P</italic>\u0000<sub>r</sub> = 31.98 <italic toggle=\"yes\">μ</italic>C/cm<sup>2</sup>, <italic toggle=\"yes\">E</italic>\u0000<sub>c</sub> = 16.83 kV cm<sup>−1</sup> and <italic toggle=\"yes\">T</italic>\u0000<sub>C</sub> = 293°C. By The microstructural analysis of the ceramics showed that the appropriate amount of compound doping of the second element enhances the denseness of the ceramics as well as makes the grains uniformly distributed. These results indicate that the ceramics of this system have great prospects for future applications in the field of lead-free piezoelectric ceramics.","PeriodicalId":11496,"journal":{"name":"ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140615993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/ad3c24
Yuga Osada, Takashi Yanagishita
Fe substrates with a depression pattern were anodized to obtain Fe oxide films with a nanohoneycomb structure and orderly arranged cylindrical pores of uniform size. Crystalline Fe oxide films could be obtained by the heat treatment of amorphous samples obtained by the anodization of Fe substrates, but the atmosphere during heat treatment had a significant effect on the surface structure and crystallinity of the resulting samples. The heat treatment of the anodized samples in air produced a crystalline Fe oxide film consisting of Fe2O3 and Fe3O4, but the nanohoneycomb structure could not be maintained above 400 °C because the Fe substrate was oxidized during the heat treatment, and its surface structure changed significantly. On the other hand, the heat treatment of the anodized samples in N2 atmosphere yielded Fe3O4 nanohoneycombs, which retained their regular honeycomb structure after heat treatment. The evaluation of the capacitor properties of the heat-treated samples showed that the properties differed markedly owing to the effects of the surface structure and crystallinity, with the sample heat-treated at 400 °C in N2 atmosphere with the largest specific capacitance. The Fe3O4 nanohoneycombs obtained in this study are expected to be useful as electrodes for high-capacity capacitors.
对具有凹陷图案的铁基底进行阳极氧化处理，可获得具有纳米蜂窝状结构和大小均匀、排列有序的圆柱形孔隙的氧化铁薄膜。通过对铁基底阳极氧化得到的无定形样品进行热处理，可以得到结晶氧化铁薄膜，但热处理时的气氛对所得样品的表面结构和结晶度有很大影响。在空气中对阳极氧化样品进行热处理会产生由 Fe2O3 和 Fe3O4 组成的结晶氧化铁膜，但由于铁基底在热处理过程中被氧化，其表面结构发生了显著变化，因此纳米蜂窝结构无法在 400 °C 以上的温度下保持。另一方面，在 N2 气氛中对阳极氧化样品进行热处理可得到 Fe3O4 纳米蜂窝，热处理后仍能保持其规则的蜂窝结构。对热处理过的样品的电容器性能进行的评估表明，由于表面结构和结晶度的影响，其性能存在明显差异，其中在氮气环境中 400 °C 热处理过的样品的比电容最大。本研究获得的 Fe3O4 纳米蜂窝有望用作大容量电容器的电极。
{"title":"Preparation of Ordered Fe3O4 Nanohoneycombs and Their Application in Capacitors","authors":"Yuga Osada, Takashi Yanagishita","doi":"10.1149/2162-8777/ad3c24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/ad3c24","url":null,"abstract":"Fe substrates with a depression pattern were anodized to obtain Fe oxide films with a nanohoneycomb structure and orderly arranged cylindrical pores of uniform size. Crystalline Fe oxide films could be obtained by the heat treatment of amorphous samples obtained by the anodization of Fe substrates, but the atmosphere during heat treatment had a significant effect on the surface structure and crystallinity of the resulting samples. The heat treatment of the anodized samples in air produced a crystalline Fe oxide film consisting of Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, but the nanohoneycomb structure could not be maintained above 400 °C because the Fe substrate was oxidized during the heat treatment, and its surface structure changed significantly. On the other hand, the heat treatment of the anodized samples in N<sub>2</sub> atmosphere yielded Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanohoneycombs, which retained their regular honeycomb structure after heat treatment. The evaluation of the capacitor properties of the heat-treated samples showed that the properties differed markedly owing to the effects of the surface structure and crystallinity, with the sample heat-treated at 400 °C in N<sub>2</sub> atmosphere with the largest specific capacitance. The Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanohoneycombs obtained in this study are expected to be useful as electrodes for high-capacity capacitors.","PeriodicalId":11496,"journal":{"name":"ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140616027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/ad3c21
William Cheng-Yu Ma, Chun-Jung Su, Kuo-Hsing Kao, Ta-Chun Cho, Jing-Qiang Guo, Cheng-Jun Wu, Po-Ying Wu, Jia-Yuan Hung
This work explores the characteristics of ferroelectric thin-film transistors (FeTFTs) utilizing an asymmetric dual-gate (DG) structure in both single-gate (SG) and DG operation modes. In the transfer characteristics, DG mode exhibits a memory window (MW) of 1.075 V, smaller than SG mode’s MW of 1.402 V, attributed to the back-gate bias effect causing a reduction in the device’s threshold voltage. However, DG mode demonstrates superior endurance characteristics with 106 cycles compared to SG mode’s 105 cycles. Additionally, the increase in erase pulse voltage (VERS) exacerbates the polycrystalline-silicon channel lattice damage of FeTFT, resulting in subthreshold swing (SS) degradation. Nevertheless, the extent of SS degradation from DG mode operation is significantly lower than that of SG mode, contributing to the superior endurance of DG mode. The elevation of program pulse voltage (VPRG) induces imprint and charge-trapping effects in the top-gate ferroelectric dielectric, leading to reduced endurance. Due to the use of SiO2 as the back-gate dielectric in FeTFT, DG mode exhibits lower impacts of charge-trapping effects from the top-gate ferroelectric dielectric layer, resulting in better endurance compared to SG mode. The asymmetric DG structure provides greater tolerance in the selection of VPRG and VERS.
{"title":"Impact of Dual-Gate Configuration on the Endurance of Ferroelectric Thin-Film Transistors With Nanosheet Polycrystalline-Silicon Channel Film","authors":"William Cheng-Yu Ma, Chun-Jung Su, Kuo-Hsing Kao, Ta-Chun Cho, Jing-Qiang Guo, Cheng-Jun Wu, Po-Ying Wu, Jia-Yuan Hung","doi":"10.1149/2162-8777/ad3c21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/ad3c21","url":null,"abstract":"This work explores the characteristics of ferroelectric thin-film transistors (FeTFTs) utilizing an asymmetric dual-gate (DG) structure in both single-gate (SG) and DG operation modes. In the transfer characteristics, DG mode exhibits a memory window (MW) of 1.075 V, smaller than SG mode’s MW of 1.402 V, attributed to the back-gate bias effect causing a reduction in the device’s threshold voltage. However, DG mode demonstrates superior endurance characteristics with 10<sup>6</sup> cycles compared to SG mode’s 10<sup>5</sup> cycles. Additionally, the increase in erase pulse voltage (V<sub>ERS</sub>) exacerbates the polycrystalline-silicon channel lattice damage of FeTFT, resulting in subthreshold swing (SS) degradation. Nevertheless, the extent of SS degradation from DG mode operation is significantly lower than that of SG mode, contributing to the superior endurance of DG mode. The elevation of program pulse voltage (V<sub>PRG</sub>) induces imprint and charge-trapping effects in the top-gate ferroelectric dielectric, leading to reduced endurance. Due to the use of SiO<sub>2</sub> as the back-gate dielectric in FeTFT, DG mode exhibits lower impacts of charge-trapping effects from the top-gate ferroelectric dielectric layer, resulting in better endurance compared to SG mode. The asymmetric DG structure provides greater tolerance in the selection of V<sub>PRG</sub> and V<sub>ERS</sub>.","PeriodicalId":11496,"journal":{"name":"ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140615991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-16DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/ad395a
T. Garmim, M. El Boughdadi, N. Benaissa, L. Soussi, O. Rhalmi, Z. El Jouad, A. Louardi, A. El Bachiri, B. Hartiti, M. Monkade
In the current study, the sol-gel spin coating was used to deposit SnS thin films on ordinary glass substrates, and annealed without sulfurization at 500 °C. Different organic solvents such as ethanol, 2-methoxyethanol, and methanol were used and their influence on the properties of SnS thin films was investigated. X-ray diffraction showed that the three prepared films have an orthorhombic structure with preferred orientation along (111) plan. In addition, the obtained films from ethanol solvent present better crystallinity with larger grain sizes around to 28.19 nm. Morphological and compositional analysis was obtained with a scanning electron microscope associated with an X-ray spectrometer. The results show better texture with uniform coverage on the glass substrate of the deposited films obtained for ethanol as solvent. The optical analysis obtained from the UV–vis spectrophotometer reveals that the deposited films show a broad absorption spectrum in the visible region and the band gap was found to lie in the range of 1.51 to 1.95 eV. The four-points probe measurement revealed smaller electrical resistivity for the films obtained from ethanol 1.76 × 102(Ω.cm) and a higher conductivity 5.68 × 10−3(Ω.cm)−1.
本研究采用溶胶-凝胶旋涂法在普通玻璃基底上沉积 SnS 薄膜，并在 500 °C 下进行无硫化退火。研究使用了乙醇、2-甲氧基乙醇和甲醇等不同的有机溶剂，并考察了它们对 SnS 薄膜性质的影响。X 射线衍射显示，所制备的三种薄膜都具有正交菱形结构，并沿 (111) 平面优先取向。此外，用乙醇溶剂制备的薄膜结晶度更好，晶粒尺寸更大，约为 28.19 纳米。利用扫描电子显微镜和 X 射线光谱仪对薄膜进行了形态和成分分析。结果表明，以乙醇为溶剂沉积的薄膜在玻璃基板上具有更好的质地和均匀的覆盖率。紫外-可见分光光度计的光学分析表明，沉积薄膜在可见光区域显示出宽广的吸收光谱，带隙在 1.51 至 1.95 eV 之间。四点探针测量显示，乙醇薄膜的电阻率为 1.76 × 102(Ω.cm)，电导率为 5.68 × 10-3(Ω.cm)-1。
{"title":"Effect of Organic Solvent on the Physical Properties of Spin-Coated Tin Sulfide Thin Films","authors":"T. Garmim, M. El Boughdadi, N. Benaissa, L. Soussi, O. Rhalmi, Z. El Jouad, A. Louardi, A. El Bachiri, B. Hartiti, M. Monkade","doi":"10.1149/2162-8777/ad395a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/ad395a","url":null,"abstract":"In the current study, the sol-gel spin coating was used to deposit SnS thin films on ordinary glass substrates, and annealed without sulfurization at 500 °C. Different organic solvents such as ethanol, 2-methoxyethanol, and methanol were used and their influence on the properties of SnS thin films was investigated. X-ray diffraction showed that the three prepared films have an orthorhombic structure with preferred orientation along (111) plan. In addition, the obtained films from ethanol solvent present better crystallinity with larger grain sizes around to 28.19 nm. Morphological and compositional analysis was obtained with a scanning electron microscope associated with an X-ray spectrometer. The results show better texture with uniform coverage on the glass substrate of the deposited films obtained for ethanol as solvent. The optical analysis obtained from the UV–vis spectrophotometer reveals that the deposited films show a broad absorption spectrum in the visible region and the band gap was found to lie in the range of 1.51 to 1.95 eV. The four-points probe measurement revealed smaller electrical resistivity for the films obtained from ethanol 1.76 × 10<sup>2</sup>(Ω.cm) and a higher conductivity 5.68 × 10<sup>−3</sup>(Ω.cm)<sup>−1</sup>.","PeriodicalId":11496,"journal":{"name":"ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology","volume":"55 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140615989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-16DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/ad3981
Madhu Bala, Sushil Bansal
Plant leaf disease identification is a crucial aspect of modern agriculture to enable early disease detection and prevention. Deep learning approaches have demonstrated amazing results in automating this procedure. This paper presents a comparative analysis of various deep learning methods for plant leaf disease identification, with a focus on convolutional neural networks. The performance of these techniques in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, using diverse datasets containing images of diseased leaves from various plant species was examined. This study highlights the strengths and weaknesses of different deep learning approaches, shedding light on their suitability for different plant disease identification scenarios. Additionally, the impact of transfer learning, data augmentation, and sensor data integration in enhancing disease detection accuracy is discussed. The objective of this analysis is to provide valuable insights for researchers and practitioners seeking to harness the potential of deep learning in the agricultural sector, ultimately contributing to more effective and sustainable crop management practices.
植物叶片病害识别是现代农业实现早期病害检测和预防的关键环节。深度学习方法在实现这一过程的自动化方面取得了令人惊叹的成果。本文对用于植物叶片病害识别的各种深度学习方法进行了比较分析，重点是卷积神经网络。通过使用包含不同植物物种病叶图像的各种数据集，考察了这些技术在准确度、精确度、召回率和 F1 分数方面的表现。这项研究强调了不同深度学习方法的优缺点，揭示了它们在不同植物病害识别场景中的适用性。此外，还讨论了迁移学习、数据增强和传感器数据整合对提高病害检测准确性的影响。本分析的目的是为研究人员和从业人员提供有价值的见解，帮助他们利用深度学习在农业领域的潜力，最终促进更有效、更可持续的作物管理实践。
{"title":"Review—Unveiling the Power of Deep Learning in Plant Pathology: A Review on Leaf Disease Detection","authors":"Madhu Bala, Sushil Bansal","doi":"10.1149/2162-8777/ad3981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/ad3981","url":null,"abstract":"Plant leaf disease identification is a crucial aspect of modern agriculture to enable early disease detection and prevention. Deep learning approaches have demonstrated amazing results in automating this procedure. This paper presents a comparative analysis of various deep learning methods for plant leaf disease identification, with a focus on convolutional neural networks. The performance of these techniques in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, using diverse datasets containing images of diseased leaves from various plant species was examined. This study highlights the strengths and weaknesses of different deep learning approaches, shedding light on their suitability for different plant disease identification scenarios. Additionally, the impact of transfer learning, data augmentation, and sensor data integration in enhancing disease detection accuracy is discussed. The objective of this analysis is to provide valuable insights for researchers and practitioners seeking to harness the potential of deep learning in the agricultural sector, ultimately contributing to more effective and sustainable crop management practices.","PeriodicalId":11496,"journal":{"name":"ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140615976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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