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Efficacy of native Bacillus isolates against different larval instars of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda alone and in combination 原生芽孢杆菌分离株单独及联合防治秋粘虫不同幼虫的效果
3区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.1186/s41938-023-00743-7
J. Karshanal, Vinay Kumari Kalia
Abstract Background Fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) Lepidoptera: Noctuidae is an invasive polyphagous pest that causes severe damage to several agricultural crops. The use of pesticides is limited because of their mode of feeding and resistant development. Hence, the present work aimed to determine the pathogenicity of entomopathogenic bacteria ( Bacillus spp.) against FAW in terms of mortality and growth inhibition. In this study, initially 49 native Bacillus isolates, isolated from diverse habitats in India, along with five reference strains, were screened for their efficacy against neonates of S. frugiperda under controlled laboratory conditions, followed by virulence and combinatorial bioassays. Results Five native Bacillus isolates (VKK1, VKK5, S16C2, S25C1, and SOIL 20) showed mortality in the range of 35.49–65.52% against neonates of S. frugiperda at single concentration (1000 μg g −1 of diet). These five isolates, along with one reference strain Btk -HD1 ( Bacillus thuringiensis serovar kurstaki strain HD1), were further tested to find the median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) for neonates of S. frugiperda . Among these, native Bt strain VKK5 showed the lowest LC 50 (718.40 µg/g of diet) and HD1 showed the highest LC 50 (3352 µg/g of diet). Combinatorial bioassay against neonate and third instar larvae showed that the combination of VKK5 and VKK1 had an additive effect. Moreover, growth inhibition was also recorded. Conclusion The combination of Bt strains leads to an enhancement of pathogenicity toward FAW larvae at the initial stage of development, and in later stages, it affects their growth and development. Thus, biocontrol of FAW by entomopathogenic bacteria ( Bt ) can play a vital role in the effective management of FAW.
摘要背景落粘虫(FAW)是鳞翅目:夜蛾科的一种入侵性多食害虫,对多种农作物造成严重危害。由于它们的喂养方式和抗药性的发展,农药的使用受到限制。因此,本研究旨在确定昆虫病原菌(芽孢杆菌)在致病性和生长抑制方面对FAW的致病性。在这项研究中,最初从印度不同栖息地分离的49株芽孢杆菌分离株以及5株参考菌株,在控制的实验室条件下对其对frugiperda新生儿的效力进行了筛选,然后进行了毒力和组合生物测定。结果5株本土分离芽孢杆菌(VKK1、VKK5、S16C2、S25C1和SOIL 20)在单一浓度(1000 μg−1日粮)下对frugiperda新生儿的死亡率为35.49% ~ 65.52%。对这5株分离菌株和1株参考菌株Btk -HD1(苏云金芽孢杆菌血清库斯塔克菌株HD1)进行进一步检测,以确定对frugiperda新生儿的中位致死浓度(LC 50)。其中,本地菌株VKK5的LC 50最低(718.40µg/g), HD1的LC 50最高(3352µg/g)。VKK5和VKK1组合对雏虫和3龄幼虫具有加性效应。此外,还记录了生长抑制。结论Bt菌株联用可在发育初期增强对FAW幼虫的致病性,在后期影响其生长发育。因此,利用昆虫病原菌(Bt)对飞蛾进行生物防治对飞蛾的有效防治具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Antagonistic fungal volatiles as potential biocontrol countermeasure for microbial postharvest fruit diseases 拮抗真菌挥发物作为果实采后微生物病害的潜在生物防治对策
3区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.1186/s41938-023-00745-5
Toga Pangihotan Napitupulu
Abstract Background Fruits are the main important agricultural commodity, but very susceptible in terms of postharvest losses (PHL) due to diseases by microbial pathogens. Recently, there has been increased interest in countermeasure efforts to reduce PHL. As an alternative to chemical pesticides, fungal volatile organic compounds (FVOCs) are potential countermeasures because they are considered more environmentally friendly with less toxicity to human health. Main body FVOCs include wide diverse of organic chemical functional groups, but with low molecular weight (< C20) which possesses sufficient chemical, physical, and biological properties that can be clearly perceived by other organisms through intra- or inter-kingdom interactions, either mutualistic or antagonistic. Based on the antagonistic function, some beneficial FVOCs can be utilized as a biological control agent and biofumigant to combat microbial pathogens in postharvest fruit. Proposed mechanisms of the antagonistic effect of FVOCs toward their cell counterpart include alteration of the morphology of cell wall and cell membrane, influencing intracellular redox balance, elevating reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, and also possibly damaging DNA target. All these conditions potentially disrupt cell contents and then lead to cell death. In order to achieve this purpose, the suitable formulation of FVOC-loaded biofumigant is very crucial. Conclusion FVOCs have potential application as biofumigant to control microbial pathogens in postharvest fruits. However, for the development of a product, the formulation of FVOC-loaded biofumigant should consider the compatibility of the formula with fruits, toxicity effect to humans, and cost production to ensure the effectiveness of the formula.
摘要背景水果是主要的重要农产品,但由于微生物病原菌引起的疾病,水果在采后损失(PHL)方面非常敏感。最近,人们对减少PHL的对策越来越感兴趣。真菌挥发性有机化合物(FVOCs)作为化学农药的替代品,被认为对环境更友好,对人体健康的毒性更小,是潜在的对策。主体挥发性有机污染物包括多种有机化学官能团,但分子量较低(<C20),它具有足够的化学、物理和生物特性,可以通过相互作用或相互作用被其他生物清楚地感知,无论是互惠的还是对抗的。基于其拮抗作用,一些有益的挥发性有机化合物可以作为生物防治剂和生物熏蒸剂来对抗采后果实中的微生物病原体。FVOCs对其细胞对应物的拮抗作用机制包括改变细胞壁和细胞膜的形态,影响细胞内氧化还原平衡,提高活性氧(ROS)水平,并可能破坏DNA靶点。所有这些情况都可能破坏细胞内容物,然后导致细胞死亡。为达到这一目的,选择合适的含氟挥发性有机化合物的生物除菌剂是至关重要的。结论FVOCs作为生物熏蒸剂在水果采后微生物病原控制中具有潜在的应用价值。然而,对于一个产品的开发,负载fvoc的生物熏蒸剂的配方应考虑配方与水果的相容性、对人体的毒性效应和生产成本,以保证配方的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of chlorpyrifos and Beauveria bassiana as a strategy in the Egyptian sugar beet fields: impact on Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) and its associated predators populations and the sugar beetroot yield 毒死蜱和球孢白僵菌在埃及甜菜田的应用评价:对沿海夜蛾及其相关捕食者种群和甜菜根产量的影响
3区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.1186/s41938-023-00744-6
Yasmin Adel Fergani, Elsayed Abd Elhameed Refaei, Neven Mohamed Faiz, Heba Mohamed Hamama
Abstract Background The susceptibility of pests and natural enemies to conventional insecticides is a critical element in judging the success of integrated pest management programs implementing biological control as a tactic. In this study, the susceptibility of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to an organophosphorus insecticide (chlorpyrifos) and the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana was evaluated through field applications during two successive sugar beet seasons. The populations of the coccinellid, chrysopid, and formicid predators were estimated to indicate pesticide risk assessment strategy. The root and sugar yields were compared during the whole experiment to emphasize the impact of both control strategies on the pre-harvest loss in this strategic crop. Results Results indicated that over the course of the two seasons of the investigation, chlorpyrifos significantly reduced the population density of S. littoralis and its associated predators. It showed a detrimental effect on S. littoralis larval population than untreated areas, causing an overall reduction of 97 and 92% during the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively. The biopesticide based on entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana caused an overall reduction of S. littoralis , reaching 96 and 65% during the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively. Meanwhile, B. bassiana slightly affects the population of predators compared to insecticide-free areas, so it was recommended for application in sugar beet fields without providing considerable risk to the associated insect predators. The sugar beetroot production and its sugar content increased significantly in both treatments during the two growing seasons compared to non-treated plots. Conclusion Chlorpyrifos is not recommended for pest control; instead, B. bassiana is considered an effective biopesticide in the Egyptian sugar beet fields infested with S. littoralis as part of an integrated pest management program. Their effect was direct through reducing pest population and indirectly increasing the sugar beetroot production and increasing its total sugar content. Hence, both the sugar beetroot quality and quantity were improved favoring the microbial agent over the chemical insecticide in application for mitigating the chemical hazards toward the associated predators.
摘要背景害虫和天敌对常规杀虫剂的敏感性是判断害虫综合治理方案成功与否的关键因素。本研究通过连续两个甜菜季的田间应用,评价了棉花叶虫(鳞翅目:夜蛾科)对有机磷杀虫剂(毒死蜱)和昆虫病原真菌白僵菌的敏感性。对瓢虫类、蝶类和蚁类捕食者的种群数量进行了估计,以指导农药风险评估策略。在整个试验期间比较了根产量和糖产量,以强调两种控制策略对该战略作物收获前损失的影响。结果在调查的两个季节中,毒死蜱显著降低了滨小绥螨及其伴生捕食者的种群密度。与未处理区相比,处理后的第1季和第2季滨海夜蛾幼虫数量分别减少97%和92%。以球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)为基础的生物农药在第1季和第2季对滨海白僵菌的总体抑制率分别达到96%和65%。与无药区相比,球孢白僵菌对食用菌种群的影响较小,因此建议在甜菜田施用球孢白僵菌对相关食用菌的危害不大。两个生长季节,与未处理地块相比,两种处理的甜菜根产量和含糖量均显著增加。结论毒死蜱不宜用于害虫防治;相反,作为综合虫害管理计划的一部分,球孢白僵菌被认为是一种有效的生物农药,可以在埃及甜菜田感染滨海白僵菌。它们的直接作用是减少害虫数量,间接作用是增加甜菜根产量和总含糖量。因此,在甜菜根的质量和数量上,施用微生物剂比施用化学杀虫剂更有利于减少甜菜根对相关捕食者的化学危害。
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引用次数: 0
Cry toxin expression in different plant parts of Bt cotton at different phenological stages 不同物候期Bt棉不同植株部位的Cry毒素表达
3区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1186/s41938-023-00742-8
P. Likhitha, D. B. Undirwade, U. S. Kulkarni, A. V. Kolhe, M. P. Moharil
Abstract Background Compared to Bollgard-I, the utilization of Cry2Ab protein in Bollgard-II cotton cultivars enhances insect control. Field and laboratory studies demonstrated reduction in the numbers of bollworm-infested terminals, squares, and bolls in Bollgard-II cotton lines when compared to both Bollgard-I and non-Bollgard cotton cultivars. This indicates that the combination of Cry2Ab with Cry1Ac increased the overall expression of proteins. The expression of Cry protein varied across different plant parts, such as leaves, bracts, squares, and bolls. As the season progresses, the expression of Cry protein decreased in these plant parts. Leaves exhibited the highest levels of Cry protein expression, followed by squares, flowers, and bolls. Variation in the expression levels of delta endotoxins in different plant parts was one of the contributing factors to the survival of pest populations on Bt cotton. Results Using a commercially available QL 96 ELISA plate kit, the concentration of delta endotoxin in various plant parts at different phenological stages was determined in twelve BG-II cotton hybrids, namely Ajeet-155, JKCH-2245, RCH-3863, NCS-866, MRC-7373, JKCH-99, MRC-7387, NCEH-21, ANKR-3324, NCSI-1904, and NCHB 9902. Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab protein levels were determined from samples of flowers and fruiting parts (Rind, locule, seed, locule wall and seed) at 40, 75, 100 and 125 days after sowing (DAS) over two consecutive years 2018–2019 and 2019–2020. Cry1Ac protein content and expression was the highest at 100DAS in locule, seed and rind; followed by rind and locule wall and seed in green bolls at 125 DAS; followed by seed, locule, rind and flowers at 75 DAS; followed by flowers at 40 DAS in all the tested twelve Bollgard-II hybrids. Cry2Ab protein content and expression was the highest at 125DAS in locule wall and seed and rind, followed by seed, locule and rind in green bolls at 100 DAS, followed by seed, locule, rind and flowers at 75 DAS, then by flowers at 40 DAS in all the tested twelve Bollgard-II hybrids. Cry1Ac protein expression was less in comparison with Cry2Ab. Conclusions The research findings indicate that the locule of BG-II cotton plants exhibited the highest expression levels of Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab proteins, followed by the seeds, rind, locule wall, and flowers. These results provide valuable insights into the distribution of Cry protein expression in different plant parts, which can contribute to a better understanding of insect control in Bt cotton cultivars.
背景与bollgard - 1相比,Cry2Ab蛋白在bollgard - 2棉花品种中的应用增强了对昆虫的控制。田间和实验室研究表明,与bollgard - 1和非bollgard棉花品种相比,Bollgard-II棉花品系棉铃虫侵染的终端、方形和铃数减少。这表明Cry2Ab与Cry1Ac的结合增加了蛋白质的整体表达。Cry蛋白在植物不同部位的表达存在差异,如叶片、苞片、方片和棉铃。随着季节的进展,Cry蛋白在这些植物部位的表达减少。叶片中Cry蛋白表达量最高,其次是方块、花和棉铃。不同部位δ内毒素表达水平的差异是影响Bt棉害虫种群存活的因素之一。结果采用市售的QL 96酶联免疫吸附测定试剂盒,测定了12个kg - ii型棉花杂交种Ajeet-155、JKCH-2245、RCH-3863、NCS-866、MRC-7373、JKCH-99、MRC-7387、NCEH-21、ANKR-3324、NCSI-1904和NCHB 9902不同物候阶段各部位的δ内毒素浓度。在2018-2019和2019-2020连续两年,分别于播种后40、75、100和125天从花和果部(果皮、果室、种子、果室壁和种子)样品中测定Cry1Ac和Cry2Ab蛋白水平。在果室、种子和果皮中Cry1Ac蛋白含量和表达量在100DAS时最高;其次是125 DAS绿铃的果皮、室壁和种子;其次是75 DAS的种子、子房室、果皮和花;然后是所有12个Bollgard-II杂交种在40 DAS时的花。12个bollard - ii型杂交种的Cry2Ab蛋白含量和表达量在125DAS时最高,在100 DAS时绿铃的种子、果室和果皮次之,在75 DAS时种子、果室、果皮和花次之,在40 DAS时花次之。Cry1Ac蛋白表达量低于Cry2Ab。结论g - ii型棉花胞室Cry1Ac和Cry2Ab蛋白表达量最高,其次为种子、果皮、胞室壁和花。这些结果为了解Cry蛋白在不同植物部位的表达分布提供了有价值的见解,有助于更好地了解Bt棉花品种的虫害防治。
{"title":"Cry toxin expression in different plant parts of Bt cotton at different phenological stages","authors":"P. Likhitha, D. B. Undirwade, U. S. Kulkarni, A. V. Kolhe, M. P. Moharil","doi":"10.1186/s41938-023-00742-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-023-00742-8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Compared to Bollgard-I, the utilization of Cry2Ab protein in Bollgard-II cotton cultivars enhances insect control. Field and laboratory studies demonstrated reduction in the numbers of bollworm-infested terminals, squares, and bolls in Bollgard-II cotton lines when compared to both Bollgard-I and non-Bollgard cotton cultivars. This indicates that the combination of Cry2Ab with Cry1Ac increased the overall expression of proteins. The expression of Cry protein varied across different plant parts, such as leaves, bracts, squares, and bolls. As the season progresses, the expression of Cry protein decreased in these plant parts. Leaves exhibited the highest levels of Cry protein expression, followed by squares, flowers, and bolls. Variation in the expression levels of delta endotoxins in different plant parts was one of the contributing factors to the survival of pest populations on Bt cotton. Results Using a commercially available QL 96 ELISA plate kit, the concentration of delta endotoxin in various plant parts at different phenological stages was determined in twelve BG-II cotton hybrids, namely Ajeet-155, JKCH-2245, RCH-3863, NCS-866, MRC-7373, JKCH-99, MRC-7387, NCEH-21, ANKR-3324, NCSI-1904, and NCHB 9902. Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab protein levels were determined from samples of flowers and fruiting parts (Rind, locule, seed, locule wall and seed) at 40, 75, 100 and 125 days after sowing (DAS) over two consecutive years 2018–2019 and 2019–2020. Cry1Ac protein content and expression was the highest at 100DAS in locule, seed and rind; followed by rind and locule wall and seed in green bolls at 125 DAS; followed by seed, locule, rind and flowers at 75 DAS; followed by flowers at 40 DAS in all the tested twelve Bollgard-II hybrids. Cry2Ab protein content and expression was the highest at 125DAS in locule wall and seed and rind, followed by seed, locule and rind in green bolls at 100 DAS, followed by seed, locule, rind and flowers at 75 DAS, then by flowers at 40 DAS in all the tested twelve Bollgard-II hybrids. Cry1Ac protein expression was less in comparison with Cry2Ab. Conclusions The research findings indicate that the locule of BG-II cotton plants exhibited the highest expression levels of Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab proteins, followed by the seeds, rind, locule wall, and flowers. These results provide valuable insights into the distribution of Cry protein expression in different plant parts, which can contribute to a better understanding of insect control in Bt cotton cultivars.","PeriodicalId":11514,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135200135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Application of endophytic bacterium Bacillus velezensis BTR11 to control bacterial leaf blight disease and promote rice growth 植物内生芽孢杆菌BTR11在防治细菌性叶枯病和促进水稻生长中的应用
3区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1186/s41938-023-00740-w
Trung Quang Do, Tri Trong Nguyen, Van Mai Dinh
Abstract Background Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ( Xoo ) is one of the most destructive pathogens responsible for severe yield losses in rice. Application of bacterial biocontrol agent (BCA) with plant growth promotion (PGP) abilities is a promising method that alternates current conventional practices to manage BLB disease and increase crop yield. Hence, this study aimed to isolate and identify BCA with PGP abilities from internal plant tissues and rhizosphere soil of healthy and Xoo -infected rice and evaluate their antagonistic and PGP properties under greenhouse and field conditions. Results A total of 14 bacterial isolates were isolated and presented in vitro antagonistic ability against the Xoo. The rice endophytic bacterium strain Bacillius velezensis ( BTR11) had the highest antagonistic activity against the Xoo , produced indole acetic acid (IAA), and mineralized nutrients (K and P). The greenhouse experiment revealed that culture broth of strain BTR11 had a high protective effect (72.1%) against the BLB when applied at the protective-fighting mode, i.e., before and after the Xoo infection. Preliminary results of the field experiment showed that a protective effect against the bacterial blight disease was obtained as high as 75–85%, if the strain was used as an additive to the soil for the seedlings in combination with spraying when the disease began in the field. In addition, using the strain BTR11 also increased the rice yield to about 12% more than the un-treatment control. Conclusions The study showed a significant potential for the application of endophytic bacteria in controlling BLB disease, while stimulating plant growth, thus reducing the use of agrochemicals in rice cultivation.
背景水稻黄单胞菌(Xanthomonas oryzae pv)引起的细菌性叶枯病(BLB)。米曲菌(Xoo)是造成水稻严重产量损失的最具破坏性的病原菌之一。应用具有植物生长促进作用的细菌生物防治剂(BCA)是一种很有前途的方法,可以替代目前的常规方法来控制BLB病,提高作物产量。因此,本研究旨在从健康水稻和Xoo病水稻的内部组织和根际土壤中分离和鉴定具有PGP能力的BCA,并在温室和田间条件下评价它们的拮抗和PGP性能。结果共分离出14株对Xoo具有体外拮抗能力的细菌。水稻内生细菌velezensis (Bacillius velezensis, BTR11)对Xoo的拮抗活性最高,能产生吲哚乙酸(IAA)和矿化营养物质(K和P)。温室试验结果表明,在保护对抗模式下,即在Xoo侵染前后,菌株BTR11培养液对BLB具有较高的保护效果(72.1%)。田间试验初步结果表明,在田间病害发生时,将该菌种作为苗土添加剂与喷施相结合,对白叶枯病的防治效果可达75 ~ 85%。此外,使用BTR11菌株也使水稻产量比未处理的对照提高了约12%。结论利用内生细菌防治褐枯草病,促进植物生长,减少农药在水稻栽培中的使用,具有重要的应用潜力。
{"title":"Application of endophytic bacterium Bacillus velezensis BTR11 to control bacterial leaf blight disease and promote rice growth","authors":"Trung Quang Do, Tri Trong Nguyen, Van Mai Dinh","doi":"10.1186/s41938-023-00740-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-023-00740-w","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ( Xoo ) is one of the most destructive pathogens responsible for severe yield losses in rice. Application of bacterial biocontrol agent (BCA) with plant growth promotion (PGP) abilities is a promising method that alternates current conventional practices to manage BLB disease and increase crop yield. Hence, this study aimed to isolate and identify BCA with PGP abilities from internal plant tissues and rhizosphere soil of healthy and Xoo -infected rice and evaluate their antagonistic and PGP properties under greenhouse and field conditions. Results A total of 14 bacterial isolates were isolated and presented in vitro antagonistic ability against the Xoo. The rice endophytic bacterium strain Bacillius velezensis ( BTR11) had the highest antagonistic activity against the Xoo , produced indole acetic acid (IAA), and mineralized nutrients (K and P). The greenhouse experiment revealed that culture broth of strain BTR11 had a high protective effect (72.1%) against the BLB when applied at the protective-fighting mode, i.e., before and after the Xoo infection. Preliminary results of the field experiment showed that a protective effect against the bacterial blight disease was obtained as high as 75–85%, if the strain was used as an additive to the soil for the seedlings in combination with spraying when the disease began in the field. In addition, using the strain BTR11 also increased the rice yield to about 12% more than the un-treatment control. Conclusions The study showed a significant potential for the application of endophytic bacteria in controlling BLB disease, while stimulating plant growth, thus reducing the use of agrochemicals in rice cultivation.","PeriodicalId":11514,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135816903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Insights into sublethal effects of Metarhizium anisopliae on the biotic potentials of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize 金龟子绿僵菌对玉米夜蛾(鳞翅目:夜蛾科)生物潜能的亚致死效应
3区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-23 DOI: 10.1186/s41938-023-00741-9
Muhammad Irfan Ullah, Muqadas Qadeer, Muhammad Arshad, Samina Khalid, Usman Saleem, Muhammad Asam Riaz, Amina Mumtaz, Muhammad Rizwan, Samy M. Sayed, Seham Sater Alhelaify, Ohoud Muslat Alharthy, Muntazir Mushtaq
Abstract Background Entomopathogenic fungi are an important biological agent in integrated pest management, playing a critical role in controlling insect populations. In the present study, the sublethal effects of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae (Ascomycota: Hypocreales), were investigated on the biotic potential of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), which is a major pest of economically important crops. Results Obtained results revealed that exposure to LC 50 concentration of M. anisopliae resulted in a significantly longer larval developmental time (3.25–6.45 days) than the control group (2.42–5.49 days). Similarly, pupal duration was longer in the LC 50 treatment (8.24 days) than in the control (6.91 days). Adult longevity was also significantly reduced in the LC 50 (9.64 days) and LC 30 (10.49 days) treatments compared to the control group (11.7 days). The number of eggs laid by female S. frugiperda exposed to LC 50 value of M. anisopliae during the immature stages was significantly lower (464.79 eggs) than that in the control groups (696.93 eggs). Furthermore, all population and age-stage-specific parameters were significantly affected by the sublethal exposure to M. anisopliae at LC 30 and LC 50 values. Conclusion These results suggest that sublethal exposure to M. anisopliae negatively impacts the life table parameters of S. frugiperda . However, the use of M. anisopliae at sublethal levels may have potential benefits for integrated pest management strategies seeking to reduce the use of chemicals.
摘要背景昆虫病原真菌是害虫综合治理中重要的生物制剂,在昆虫种群控制中起着至关重要的作用。本文研究了昆虫病原真菌金龟子绿僵菌(Metarhizium anisopliae,子囊菌纲:Hypocreales)对我国重要经济作物的主要害虫——狐尾蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda, j.e. Smith,鳞翅目:夜蛾科)的亚致死效应。结果暴露于LC - 50浓度的绿僵菌,其幼虫发育时间(3.25 ~ 6.45 d)显著长于对照组(2.42 ~ 5.49 d)。同样,lc50处理的蛹持续时间(8.24 d)也比对照组(6.91 d)长。与对照组(11.7天)相比,LC 50组(9.64天)和LC 30组(10.49天)的成年寿命也显著缩短。未成熟期暴露于绿僵菌LC 50值下的雌果螨产卵数(464.79个)显著低于对照组(696.93个)。此外,所有种群和年龄阶段特异性参数在LC 30和LC 50值时均受到亚致死暴露的显著影响。结论亚致死暴露对金绿僵菌的生命表参数有负面影响。然而,在亚致死水平使用绿僵菌可能对寻求减少化学品使用的综合虫害管理战略有潜在的好处。
{"title":"Insights into sublethal effects of Metarhizium anisopliae on the biotic potentials of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize","authors":"Muhammad Irfan Ullah, Muqadas Qadeer, Muhammad Arshad, Samina Khalid, Usman Saleem, Muhammad Asam Riaz, Amina Mumtaz, Muhammad Rizwan, Samy M. Sayed, Seham Sater Alhelaify, Ohoud Muslat Alharthy, Muntazir Mushtaq","doi":"10.1186/s41938-023-00741-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-023-00741-9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Entomopathogenic fungi are an important biological agent in integrated pest management, playing a critical role in controlling insect populations. In the present study, the sublethal effects of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae (Ascomycota: Hypocreales), were investigated on the biotic potential of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), which is a major pest of economically important crops. Results Obtained results revealed that exposure to LC 50 concentration of M. anisopliae resulted in a significantly longer larval developmental time (3.25–6.45 days) than the control group (2.42–5.49 days). Similarly, pupal duration was longer in the LC 50 treatment (8.24 days) than in the control (6.91 days). Adult longevity was also significantly reduced in the LC 50 (9.64 days) and LC 30 (10.49 days) treatments compared to the control group (11.7 days). The number of eggs laid by female S. frugiperda exposed to LC 50 value of M. anisopliae during the immature stages was significantly lower (464.79 eggs) than that in the control groups (696.93 eggs). Furthermore, all population and age-stage-specific parameters were significantly affected by the sublethal exposure to M. anisopliae at LC 30 and LC 50 values. Conclusion These results suggest that sublethal exposure to M. anisopliae negatively impacts the life table parameters of S. frugiperda . However, the use of M. anisopliae at sublethal levels may have potential benefits for integrated pest management strategies seeking to reduce the use of chemicals.","PeriodicalId":11514,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135959884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
In vitro inhibition mechanism of Trichoderma asperellum isolates from corn against Rhizoctonia solani causing banded leaf and sheath blight disease and its role in improving the growth of corn seedlings 玉米曲霉木霉对带状叶枯病和鞘枯病的体外抑制机制及其对玉米幼苗生长的促进作用
3区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-19 DOI: 10.1186/s41938-023-00729-5
Hishar Mirsam, None Suriani, Sri Kurniawati, Oky Dwi Purwanto, Amran Muis, Syahrir Pakki, A. Tenrirawe, Nurnina Nonci, None Herawati, None Muslimin, Muhammad Azrai
Abstract Background One of the primary corn diseases, banded leaf and sheath blight, is carried on by the pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani . Efforts to control R. solani are more directed at environmentally friendly control using a biological control agent, such as Trichoderma spp. as antagonistic agents and plant growth promoter. This study aimed to identify T. asperellum isolates based on molecular characteristics and to determine the in vitro inhibition mechanism against R. solani and its role in enhancing the growth of corn seedlings. Results The HMRP7, HMRF7A, HMEDF1B, HMEDF6A, and CHM01 isolates were identified as T. asperellum with a genetic distance coefficient value of 0.000 and a very high similarity of 100%. Meanwhile, the RsHM isolate was identified as R. solani with a homology level of > 90% and genetic distance coefficient values ranging from 0.000 to 0.032. The antagonistic ability showed that the five T. asperellum isolates were able to inhibit the growth of R. solani in vitro on PDA medium with an inhibition percentage of ≥ 50%, so they were categorized as antagonist agents. T. asperellum showed the antagonistic mechanism in inhibiting the R. solani growth through the action of parasitism. The five T. asperellum isolates tested on corn seedlings showed a significantly high difference from the control treatment on the observational variables of maximum growth potential (MGP), growth rate (GtR), growth simultaneity (GS), vigor index (VI), germination rate (GR), and median germination time (T50). Conclusion CHM01 isolate showed better potential than other isolates in inhibiting the growth of R. solani in vitro on PDA medium with a parasitism mechanism and enhancing the growth of corn seedlings.
摘要背景玉米带状叶鞘疫病是玉米的主要病害之一,是由枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)传播的。防治茄蚜的努力更侧重于环境友好型防治,使用生物防治剂,如木霉作为拮抗剂和植物生长促进剂。本研究旨在基于分子特征对asperellum菌株进行鉴定,并探讨其对番茄枯萎病菌的体外抑制机制及其对玉米幼苗生长的促进作用。结果HMRP7、HMRF7A、HMEDF1B、HMEDF6A和CHM01分离株均为曲霉,遗传距离系数为0.000,相似度为100%。与此同时,RsHM分离物经鉴定为茄茄菌(R. solani),同源性水平为>遗传距离系数为0.000 ~ 0.032。拮抗能力表明,5株曲霉菌株在PDA培养基上均能抑制茄枯病菌的生长,抑制率均≥50%,可归类为拮抗剂。曲霉通过寄生作用抑制茄蚜的生长表现出拮抗机制。在玉米幼苗上试验的5株曲霉菌株在最大生长势(MGP)、生长速率(GtR)、生长同时性(GS)、活力指数(VI)、发芽率(GR)和中位发芽时间(T50)等观测变量上均与对照处理存在显著差异。结论与其他菌株相比,CHM01菌株在PDA培养基上具有较好的抑制茄蚜的生长和促进玉米幼苗生长的作用。
{"title":"In vitro inhibition mechanism of Trichoderma asperellum isolates from corn against Rhizoctonia solani causing banded leaf and sheath blight disease and its role in improving the growth of corn seedlings","authors":"Hishar Mirsam, None Suriani, Sri Kurniawati, Oky Dwi Purwanto, Amran Muis, Syahrir Pakki, A. Tenrirawe, Nurnina Nonci, None Herawati, None Muslimin, Muhammad Azrai","doi":"10.1186/s41938-023-00729-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-023-00729-5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background One of the primary corn diseases, banded leaf and sheath blight, is carried on by the pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani . Efforts to control R. solani are more directed at environmentally friendly control using a biological control agent, such as Trichoderma spp. as antagonistic agents and plant growth promoter. This study aimed to identify T. asperellum isolates based on molecular characteristics and to determine the in vitro inhibition mechanism against R. solani and its role in enhancing the growth of corn seedlings. Results The HMRP7, HMRF7A, HMEDF1B, HMEDF6A, and CHM01 isolates were identified as T. asperellum with a genetic distance coefficient value of 0.000 and a very high similarity of 100%. Meanwhile, the RsHM isolate was identified as R. solani with a homology level of &gt; 90% and genetic distance coefficient values ranging from 0.000 to 0.032. The antagonistic ability showed that the five T. asperellum isolates were able to inhibit the growth of R. solani in vitro on PDA medium with an inhibition percentage of ≥ 50%, so they were categorized as antagonist agents. T. asperellum showed the antagonistic mechanism in inhibiting the R. solani growth through the action of parasitism. The five T. asperellum isolates tested on corn seedlings showed a significantly high difference from the control treatment on the observational variables of maximum growth potential (MGP), growth rate (GtR), growth simultaneity (GS), vigor index (VI), germination rate (GR), and median germination time (T50). Conclusion CHM01 isolate showed better potential than other isolates in inhibiting the growth of R. solani in vitro on PDA medium with a parasitism mechanism and enhancing the growth of corn seedlings.","PeriodicalId":11514,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135010763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Combined application of effective Trichoderma, Pseudomonas and arbuscular mycorrhiza spp. reduced soil-borne diseases and boosted growth in cotton 有效的木霉、假单胞菌和丛枝菌根联合施用可减少棉花土传疾病,促进棉花生长
3区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.1186/s41938-023-00739-3
Satish Kumar Sain, Hanwant Dewasi, Amarpreet Singh
Abstract Background The most common soil-borne diseases in cotton are root rot and wilt, which are caused by Rhizoctonia solani (Taub) Butler and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum , respectively. These two diseases significantly reduce plant stand and production. Under extreme circumstances, the application of fungicides does not provide satisfactory management of these diseases and also pollutes the environment. The effect of biocontrol agents, their combinations and fungicides on root rot and wilt management and plant growth in Gossypium hirsutum and G. arboreum cultivars CSH-3129 and CICR-3 were studied during 2017–18 and 2018–19. Results Out of six isolates of Trichoderma spp., T. asperellum (Th-11) was the most effective for inhibiting the mycelial growth of R. solani and F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (64.4–100%). The combined seed treatment of T. asperellum (Th-11, c.f.u. 2 × 10 8 /g) + Pseudomonas fluorescens (c.f.u. 2 × 10 8 /g) + arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; 1200 IP/g) resulted in the highest plant vigour index in CSH-3129 (890.9%) and CICR-3 cultivars (393.5%) at 15 days after treatment. Ninety days after sowing, the combined seed treatments of T. asperellum (Th-11) + P. fluorescens + AMF followed by T. asperellum (Th-11) + P. fluorescens showed the lowest area under the disease progress curve in CICR-3 and CSH 3129. Two-year pooled results indicated that the combined seed treatment with T. asperellum (Th-11) + P. fluorescens + AMF reduced the root rot disease by 51 and 57.5% in CICR-3 and CSH-3129 cultivars, respectively, under field conditions. Conclusion The present investigation suggested that combined application of the most effective strains of T. asperellum (Th-11) @10 g/kg + P. fluorescens @10 g/kg and AMF @20 g/kg can effectively manage root rot and wilt diseases up to 60 days after sowing and enhance plant growth under field conditions. However, the application rates of these biocontrol agents vis-à-vis load of pathogen inoculum in the field must be further evaluated for improved and long-term effects.
摘要背景棉花最常见的土传病害是根腐病和枯萎病,分别由枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani (Taub) Butler)和枯萎菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.p . vasinfetum)引起。这两种病害显著地降低了植株的林分和产量。在极端情况下,使用杀菌剂不能对这些疾病提供令人满意的管理,而且还污染环境。研究了2017-18年和2018-19年生物防治剂、药剂组合及杀菌剂对棉和木棉品种CSH-3129和CICR-3根腐病管理及植株生长的影响。结果6株木霉菌株中,粗曲霉(Th-11)对茄枯霉和尖孢霉的菌丝生长抑制效果最好(64.4 ~ 100%);曲霉(Th-11, c.f.u 2 × 10 8 /g) +荧光假单胞菌(c.f.u 2 × 10 8 /g) +丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)联合种子处理;处理15 d后,CSH-3129和CICR-3的植株活力指数最高,分别为890.9%和393.5%。播后90 d,曲霉(Th-11) +荧光假单孢菌+ AMF组合种子处理后,曲霉(Th-11) +荧光假孢菌在CICR-3和CSH 3129的疾病进展曲线下面积最小。2年的综合结果表明,在田间条件下,曲霉(Th-11) +荧光霉+ AMF组合种子处理对CICR-3和CSH-3129品种的根腐病发病率分别降低了51%和57.5%。结论在田间条件下,10 g/kg + 10 g/kg荧光p + 20 g/kg AMF配施效果最好的曲霉(Th-11)菌种可有效防治播后60 d的根腐病和枯萎病,促进植株生长。然而,这些生物防治剂对-à-vis病原菌接种负荷的应用率必须进一步评估,以提高和长期效果。
{"title":"Combined application of effective Trichoderma, Pseudomonas and arbuscular mycorrhiza spp. reduced soil-borne diseases and boosted growth in cotton","authors":"Satish Kumar Sain, Hanwant Dewasi, Amarpreet Singh","doi":"10.1186/s41938-023-00739-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-023-00739-3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background The most common soil-borne diseases in cotton are root rot and wilt, which are caused by Rhizoctonia solani (Taub) Butler and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum , respectively. These two diseases significantly reduce plant stand and production. Under extreme circumstances, the application of fungicides does not provide satisfactory management of these diseases and also pollutes the environment. The effect of biocontrol agents, their combinations and fungicides on root rot and wilt management and plant growth in Gossypium hirsutum and G. arboreum cultivars CSH-3129 and CICR-3 were studied during 2017–18 and 2018–19. Results Out of six isolates of Trichoderma spp., T. asperellum (Th-11) was the most effective for inhibiting the mycelial growth of R. solani and F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (64.4–100%). The combined seed treatment of T. asperellum (Th-11, c.f.u. 2 × 10 8 /g) + Pseudomonas fluorescens (c.f.u. 2 × 10 8 /g) + arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; 1200 IP/g) resulted in the highest plant vigour index in CSH-3129 (890.9%) and CICR-3 cultivars (393.5%) at 15 days after treatment. Ninety days after sowing, the combined seed treatments of T. asperellum (Th-11) + P. fluorescens + AMF followed by T. asperellum (Th-11) + P. fluorescens showed the lowest area under the disease progress curve in CICR-3 and CSH 3129. Two-year pooled results indicated that the combined seed treatment with T. asperellum (Th-11) + P. fluorescens + AMF reduced the root rot disease by 51 and 57.5% in CICR-3 and CSH-3129 cultivars, respectively, under field conditions. Conclusion The present investigation suggested that combined application of the most effective strains of T. asperellum (Th-11) @10 g/kg + P. fluorescens @10 g/kg and AMF @20 g/kg can effectively manage root rot and wilt diseases up to 60 days after sowing and enhance plant growth under field conditions. However, the application rates of these biocontrol agents vis-à-vis load of pathogen inoculum in the field must be further evaluated for improved and long-term effects.","PeriodicalId":11514,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135153183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The hymenopterous parasitoids of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), on cruciferous vegetables in Delhi, India 印度德里十字花科蔬菜上小菜蛾的膜翅寄生蜂(鳞翅目:小菜蛾科)
3区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-16 DOI: 10.1186/s41938-023-00735-7
Hager M. M. Saleh, Debjani Dey, Bhoopal Singh Tomar
Abstract Background The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is a serious and economically important pest of crucifers in Delhi, India. Larvae and pupae of the pest were collected from the cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli crops grown in vegetable fields at the farm of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi-110012, from December 2021 to June 2022. The larvae and pupae of the pest were transferred to the laboratory and reared for emergence of parasitoids’ adults at 25 ± 0.5 °C and RH 70 ± 5%. Results Four parasitoid species were emerged, viz. Apanteles mohandasi Sumodan & Narendran 1990, Cotesia vestalis (Haliday, 1834), Diadegma insulare (Cresson, 1865) and Diadromus collaris (Gravenhorst, 1829). Among them, A. mohandasi , C. vestalis and D. collaris were reported for the first time in Delhi, whereas D. insulare (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) is recorded here for the first time in India. Additionally, the first record of parasitism by A. mohandasi on P. xylostella from Delhi was established. The highest parasitism percentage was that of C. vestalis and D. collaris . Moreover, higher parasitism rate was recorded during May 2022 in organically cultivated fields. The parasitism percentage by A. mohandasi , C. vestalis , D. insulare and D. collaris was 7.5, 22.5, 12.5 and 15%, respectively. Conversely, in conventionally farmed fields, the parasitism rates were 3.57, 16.67, 10 and 13.33%, respectively. Conclusion The use of biological control agents particularly the parasitoids in the IPM program of P. xylostella should be considered, thereby reducing reliance on insecticides and increasing the efficacy of hymenopteran parasitoids.
摘要背景小菜蛾(diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, L.)(鳞翅目:小菜蛾科)是印度德里地区十字花科植物的一种严重害虫。从2021年12月至2022年6月,在新德里110012的icar -印度农业研究所(ICAR-IARI)农场的菜地种植的卷心菜、花椰菜和西兰花作物中收集了这种害虫的幼虫和蛹。将幼虫和蛹转移到实验室,在25±0.5°C和70±5%的相对湿度下饲养,等待成虫羽化。结果共发现4种拟寄生蜂,分别为:大翅虫和大翅虫;Narendran 1990, Cotesia vestalis (Haliday, 1834), Diadegma insulare (Cresson, 1865)和Diadromus collaris (Gravenhorst, 1829)。其中mohandasi蠓、vestalis蠓和collaris蠓在德里为首次报道,insulare蠓(膜翅目:姬蜂科)在印度为首次报道。此外,还首次建立了印度德里地区小菜蛾寄生的记录。寄生率最高的是灶神姬蜂和领姬蜂。此外,2022年5月有机栽培地的寄生率较高。毛斑姬蜂、绒斑姬蜂、岛纹姬蜂和颈纹姬蜂的寄生率分别为7.5%、22.5%、12.5和15%。而在常规农田,寄生蜂的寄生率分别为3.57%、16.67%、10%和13.33%。结论在小菜蛾IPM计划中应考虑使用生物防治剂,特别是拟寄生蜂,以减少对杀虫剂的依赖,提高膜翅目拟寄生蜂的防治效果。
{"title":"The hymenopterous parasitoids of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), on cruciferous vegetables in Delhi, India","authors":"Hager M. M. Saleh, Debjani Dey, Bhoopal Singh Tomar","doi":"10.1186/s41938-023-00735-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-023-00735-7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is a serious and economically important pest of crucifers in Delhi, India. Larvae and pupae of the pest were collected from the cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli crops grown in vegetable fields at the farm of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi-110012, from December 2021 to June 2022. The larvae and pupae of the pest were transferred to the laboratory and reared for emergence of parasitoids’ adults at 25 ± 0.5 °C and RH 70 ± 5%. Results Four parasitoid species were emerged, viz. Apanteles mohandasi Sumodan &amp; Narendran 1990, Cotesia vestalis (Haliday, 1834), Diadegma insulare (Cresson, 1865) and Diadromus collaris (Gravenhorst, 1829). Among them, A. mohandasi , C. vestalis and D. collaris were reported for the first time in Delhi, whereas D. insulare (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) is recorded here for the first time in India. Additionally, the first record of parasitism by A. mohandasi on P. xylostella from Delhi was established. The highest parasitism percentage was that of C. vestalis and D. collaris . Moreover, higher parasitism rate was recorded during May 2022 in organically cultivated fields. The parasitism percentage by A. mohandasi , C. vestalis , D. insulare and D. collaris was 7.5, 22.5, 12.5 and 15%, respectively. Conversely, in conventionally farmed fields, the parasitism rates were 3.57, 16.67, 10 and 13.33%, respectively. Conclusion The use of biological control agents particularly the parasitoids in the IPM program of P. xylostella should be considered, thereby reducing reliance on insecticides and increasing the efficacy of hymenopteran parasitoids.","PeriodicalId":11514,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135306751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Biological control of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Trichoderma harzianum against Fusarium oxysporum and Verticillium dahliae induced wilt in tomato plants 丛枝菌根真菌和哈茨木霉对番茄尖孢镰刀菌和大丽黄萎病的生物防治
3区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1186/s41938-023-00737-5
A. Meddad-Hamza, F. Benzina, C. Meddad, N. Hamza, A. Reghmit, H. Ziane, H. Ksentini
Abstract Background Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Trichoderma harzianum are effective bioagents against Fusarium oxysporum and Verticillium dahliae in tomato plants. The objective of the research was to evaluate the in vivo antagonistic activity of AMF and T. harzianum against Verticillium and Fusarium wilt by enhancing the growth and resistance of tomato plants. A completely randomized experimental design was used, consisting of twelve treatments with nine replicates for each treatment. The treatments included combinations of AMF and T. harzianum inoculation, infection or non-infection by F. oxysporum and V. dahliae, while also considering individual and combined treatments. Mycorrhization rates, growth parameters, disease severity, disease progression, and the impact on disease mitigation were evaluated. Results The study revealed the superiority of AMF over T. harzianum , resulting in a significant enhancement in the overall extent of mycorrhizal colonization in tomato plants co-inoculated with T. harzianum . Moreover, AMF treatments and the AMF + T. harzianum consortium contributed to the improvement in growth among all plants infected with V. dahliae and F. oxysporum . Both AMF and T. harzianum significantly reduced the progression of Fusarium wilt, resulting in reductions of 45.14 and 44.91%, respectively, than the untreated plants infected with F. oxysporum (initial disease severity of 75.54%). T. harzianum demonstrated greater efficacy in reducing V. dahliae infection, with a reduction of 34.45% compared to 28.26% for AMF, starting from an initial disease severity of 69.85%. Thus, T. harzianum demonstrated greater effectiveness in controlling disease, particularly Verticillium wilt. Conclusion The target application of disease control methods in tomato plants revealed the effectiveness of both AMF and T. harzianum in mitigating Fusarium wilt. Furthermore, T. harzianum demonstrated a higher level of effectiveness against Verticillium wilt. These findings emphasize the potential of AMF and T. harzianum as sustainable alternatives in agriculture, providing a viable option to decrease dependence on fungicides.
摘要背景丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)和哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)是防治番茄尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)和大丽黄萎病菌(Verticillium dahliae)的有效生物制剂。本研究的目的是通过对番茄植株生长和抗性的增强,评价AMF和哈氏霉对黄萎病和枯萎病的体内拮抗活性。采用完全随机试验设计,共12个处理,每个处理9个重复。处理方法包括AMF与哈兹菌联合接种、尖孢镰刀菌与大丽花镰刀菌感染或未感染,同时考虑单独和联合处理。评估菌根率、生长参数、疾病严重程度、疾病进展以及对疾病缓解的影响。结果AMF在与哈兹菌共接种的番茄植株中具有优于哈兹菌的优势,菌根定殖总体程度显著提高。此外,AMF处理和AMF +哈兹纳姆组合对大丽花弧菌和尖孢弧菌侵染植株的生长均有促进作用。AMF和hazianum均显著降低了枯萎病的进展,与未处理的植株相比,分别降低了45.14%和44.91%(初始疾病严重程度为75.54%)。从初始疾病严重程度为69.85%开始,哈茨芽孢杆菌在降低大丽花弧菌感染方面表现出更大的功效,与AMF相比,降低34.45%,而AMF为28.26%。因此,哈氏分枝杆菌在控制疾病,特别是黄萎病方面表现出更大的效果。结论番茄病害防治方法的目标应用表明,AMF和哈兹菌对番茄枯萎病均有防治效果。此外,哈兹菌对黄萎病有较高的防治效果。这些发现强调了AMF和哈茨芽孢杆菌作为农业可持续替代品的潜力,为减少对杀菌剂的依赖提供了可行的选择。
{"title":"Biological control of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Trichoderma harzianum against Fusarium oxysporum and Verticillium dahliae induced wilt in tomato plants","authors":"A. Meddad-Hamza, F. Benzina, C. Meddad, N. Hamza, A. Reghmit, H. Ziane, H. Ksentini","doi":"10.1186/s41938-023-00737-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-023-00737-5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Trichoderma harzianum are effective bioagents against Fusarium oxysporum and Verticillium dahliae in tomato plants. The objective of the research was to evaluate the in vivo antagonistic activity of AMF and T. harzianum against Verticillium and Fusarium wilt by enhancing the growth and resistance of tomato plants. A completely randomized experimental design was used, consisting of twelve treatments with nine replicates for each treatment. The treatments included combinations of AMF and T. harzianum inoculation, infection or non-infection by F. oxysporum and V. dahliae, while also considering individual and combined treatments. Mycorrhization rates, growth parameters, disease severity, disease progression, and the impact on disease mitigation were evaluated. Results The study revealed the superiority of AMF over T. harzianum , resulting in a significant enhancement in the overall extent of mycorrhizal colonization in tomato plants co-inoculated with T. harzianum . Moreover, AMF treatments and the AMF + T. harzianum consortium contributed to the improvement in growth among all plants infected with V. dahliae and F. oxysporum . Both AMF and T. harzianum significantly reduced the progression of Fusarium wilt, resulting in reductions of 45.14 and 44.91%, respectively, than the untreated plants infected with F. oxysporum (initial disease severity of 75.54%). T. harzianum demonstrated greater efficacy in reducing V. dahliae infection, with a reduction of 34.45% compared to 28.26% for AMF, starting from an initial disease severity of 69.85%. Thus, T. harzianum demonstrated greater effectiveness in controlling disease, particularly Verticillium wilt. Conclusion The target application of disease control methods in tomato plants revealed the effectiveness of both AMF and T. harzianum in mitigating Fusarium wilt. Furthermore, T. harzianum demonstrated a higher level of effectiveness against Verticillium wilt. These findings emphasize the potential of AMF and T. harzianum as sustainable alternatives in agriculture, providing a viable option to decrease dependence on fungicides.","PeriodicalId":11514,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135436329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control
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