Energy Policy最新文献

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Policy and pricing tools to incentivize distributed electric vehicle-to-grid charging control

IF 9.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114496

Daniel Andersen, Siobhan Powell

Flexible electric vehicle (EV) charging could benefit the electricity system and help integrate renewables, if given the right incentives. Bidirectional vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology increases EV flexibility and could increase those benefits. However, the business case for small-scale V2G is unclear, limiting widespread deployment. Here, we assess the impacts of different time-of-use electricity tariffs and compare three policymaker tools to improve profitability for V2G aggregators: regulating the reimbursement of network charges and taxes on discharged energy, subsidizing new stations, and increasing the spread between low and high time-of-use prices. We use an agent-based EV model in a case-study of workplace charging in Switzerland. We model the aggregator’s maximization of V2G revenues over electricity, hardware, installation, and operating costs as a mixed-integer linear program. We find that different tariffs better support renewable integration or reduce peak demand. Profitability is highly sensitive to the cost of V2G stations and the difference between the lowest charging and highest discharging prices. Some subsidies will be needed until V2G station costs fall at least below 8706 ± 942 CHF. Policymakers could regulate reimbursement of network charges or taxes for discharged energy or stretch tariff price spreads to support deployment of distributed V2G.

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引用次数: 0

Equity evaluation of community-based public EV charging services – A case study of the Sacramento region

IF 9.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114495

Yunteng Zhang , Yueyue Fan

This paper presents an empirical study that evaluates the distribution of opportunities and burdens brought by public Electric Vehicle (EV) charging resources (PEVCR) in the Sacramento Area Council of Governments (SACOG) region in California. A community’s EV charging opportunities are measured by its accessibility to reachable charging stations and the supply to demand ratio of those stations. Burdens are measured by charging cost. Findings show a 334% increase in PEVCR since 2018, with 95% concentrated in central and established areas, exhibiting a significant spatial clustering effect. No correlation was found between a community’s income level and its spatial access to PEVCR when factored in charging demand, which might suggest little income-based disparities in infrastructure access. In terms of distribution of burdens, significant equity challenges related land use and residential types were observed. Renters, who rely more on PEVCR, face higher EV recharging costs despite lower charging demand. These findings highlight an imperative need for strategic planning and policy interventions to shape the future public EV charging infrastructure to deliver affordable and equitable charging services for all communities.

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引用次数: 0

Community choice energy: Bridging the gap between sustainability and affordability in electricity supply

IF 9.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114489

Job Taminiau

The requisite deep decarbonization in order to stave off environmental degradation will need to come from not merely technological change but also positive transformation of social conditions that can deliver ‘sustainability for all’. Within the United States electric power sector, a prominent proposal to advance competition and accommodate citizen demand was the introduction of private electricity retail choice options. The impact of retail competition on electricity prices remains open for debate. Several recent state-wide investigations conducted in the United States conclude that customers, especially those on lower incomes, pay more for electricity from these ‘competitive supply’ (CS) options compared to standard utility rates. In turn, consumer advocates in multiple states are calling for the discontinuation or severe restriction of individual residential CS in an attempt to avoid aggravating existing energy burdens. An alternative model – in the form of Community Choice Energy (CCE) – operating in Massachusetts and other jurisdictions aggregates community-wide electricity demand and offers electricity service choice. Analysis of the Massachusetts electricity supply market indicates that CCE programs have generally resulted in lower costs compared to alternative supply options, with benefits for both general and low-income households.

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引用次数: 0

Assessing the impact of the Perform, Achieve, and Trade scheme on energy efficiency in India's iron and steel sector

IF 9.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114480

Anushka Chauhan, Mohanasundari Thangavel

This paper assesses the performance of the iron and steel sector in the Perform, Achieve, and Trade (PAT) scheme's cycles I and II from firm-level data between 2004 and 2019. The two-way fixed effects difference-in-difference regression employed showed a decline of 1.7% in the energy intensity due to the scheme. To check for heterogeneity in the results, the quantile treatment estimator and centered regression showed that the PAT scheme was ineffective in firms with higher energy intensity than in firms with lower and medium energy intensity, implying structural and technical difficulties in reducing energy use. In the heterogeneity analysis, private Indian and private foreign firms performed better than government-owned firms. In the mechanism analysis, research and development intensity, repair intensity, exports, and efficiency in using net fixed assets have all contributed to meeting the targets of the PAT firms. Key policy recommendations include higher energy-saving targets, which should be set concerning energy consumption; a more decentralized approach should be taken in forming energy-saving targets for the firms considering heterogeneity in their characteristics; longer time may be given to materialize the effects of energy-efficient investments and adjust the factor inputs.

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引用次数: 0

Did geopolitical risks in supplier countries of fossil fuels lead to reduced domestic energy consumption? Evidence from Europe

IF 9.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114499

Erik Hille, Cian Angerpointner

In light of the energy crisis following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, policymakers postulated to lower fossil fuel consumption. Focusing on Europe, we analyze whether domestic energy consumption was reduced in the past because of increased geopolitical risk (GPR) in fossil fuel supplier countries. For this purpose, we adopt an aggregate GPR measure that combines information on GPR in supplier countries with rich bilateral trade data for oil, natural gas, and coal. We estimate the impact of GPR related to fossil fuel imports utilizing an instrumental variable approach and a growth-energy use model. Our results indicate that during the period 2000–2019, increased GPR in coal supplier countries entailed reductions in both coal and total energy consumption. Moreover, economic growth effects on fossil fuel consumption were partly reduced by risks related to coal and natural gas imports. Similarly, if mediated by a high domestic import dependency or government effectiveness, GPR partly lowered the consumption of coal and natural gas. Regarding the energy transition, we find indications of a partial shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy in response to GPR abroad. That is, concurrent to the partial reduction in fossil fuel consumption, GPR in coal supplier countries increased renewable energy consumption.

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引用次数: 0

Interactions between renewable energy tokens, oil shocks, and clean energy investments: Do COP26 policies matter?

IF 9.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114497

Nader Naifar

This paper examines the interactions between oil shocks (supply, demand, and risk shocks), renewable energy investments (solar, wind, biofuels, geothermal, and fuel cell), and renewable energy tokens (Powerledger and WePower), focusing on the impact of COP26 policies. Using a partial and decomposed connectedness methodology, key findings indicate that oil demand shocks are the primary net receiver of spillovers, while solar energy plays a central role as a net transmitter within the clean energy market. The results also reveal a decline in connectedness between oil shocks and renewable energy markets post-COP26, highlighting the growing resilience of renewable energy sectors to oil price volatility. Furthermore, the increasing integration of renewable energy tokens with traditional clean energy investments suggests that digital assets are gaining traction within the renewable energy market. The findings offer policy implications for international climate agreements, emphasizing the importance of continued support for renewable energy markets and the need for regulatory frameworks to manage the emerging role of renewable energy tokens.

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引用次数: 0

Need for speed: Co-creating scenarios for climate neutral energy systems in Austria in 2040

IF 9.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114493

J. Schmidt , H. Mitter , M. Baumann , B. Boza-Kiss , D. Huppmann , S. Wehrle , L. Zwieb , M. Klingler

The Austrian government has pledged to achieve climate neutrality by 2040, but so far, there is a lack of consistent net-zero scenarios. Therefore, we integrate a comprehensive stakeholder with a techno-economic modelling process, coupling an energy and a power system model, to co-create qualitative scenario narratives and quantitative model-based scenarios for Austria's energy system, assuming all non-energetic emissions are eliminated. All four scenarios reach climate neutrality by 2040, but differ in terms of energy demand and trade in energy carriers. In the scenario narratives, variations in the local acceptance of renewables and of sufficiency lifestyles explain these differences. All scenario narratives emphasize that commitment of all societal actors is required to reach climate neutrality by 2040. We find that the quantitative model-based scenarios consistently point at far-ranging electrification of transport and heat supply, the buildup of renewables, and a switch in steel producing technology until 2030. Long-term developments are more diverse and show either elevated imports of synthetic fuels or a more pronounced expansion of domestic renewables. Consistently across scenarios, significant fossil fuel infrastructure must be retired before end of life and the required speed of change in energy infrastructure is unprecedented in the history of the Austrian energy system.

{"title":"Need for speed: Co-creating scenarios for climate neutral energy systems in Austria in 2040","authors":"J. Schmidt , H. Mitter , M. Baumann , B. Boza-Kiss , D. Huppmann , S. Wehrle , L. Zwieb , M. Klingler","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Austrian government has pledged to achieve climate neutrality by 2040, but so far, there is a lack of consistent net-zero scenarios. Therefore, we integrate a comprehensive stakeholder with a techno-economic modelling process, coupling an energy and a power system model, to co-create qualitative scenario narratives and quantitative model-based scenarios for Austria's energy system, assuming all non-energetic emissions are eliminated. All four scenarios reach climate neutrality by 2040, but differ in terms of energy demand and trade in energy carriers. In the scenario narratives, variations in the local acceptance of renewables and of sufficiency lifestyles explain these differences. All scenario narratives emphasize that commitment of all societal actors is required to reach climate neutrality by 2040. We find that the quantitative model-based scenarios consistently point at far-ranging electrification of transport and heat supply, the buildup of renewables, and a switch in steel producing technology until 2030. Long-term developments are more diverse and show either elevated imports of synthetic fuels or a more pronounced expansion of domestic renewables. Consistently across scenarios, significant fossil fuel infrastructure must be retired before end of life and the required speed of change in energy infrastructure is unprecedented in the history of the Austrian energy system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11672,"journal":{"name":"Energy Policy","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 114493"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143094954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The (Un)Intended consequences of power: The global implications of EU LNG strategy to reach independence from Russian gas

IF 9.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114494

Francesco Sassi

Since Russia's invasion of Ukraine, the EU-Russia gas interdependency has been shaken to the core. EU authorities have implemented a strategy to phase-out the gas dependency from Russia importing massive amounts of LNG. Main strategic goals have been to secure energy supplies at affordable prices, safeguarding the common market. However, results have been rather ambiguous, and the EU has been paying heavy costs, with the LNG diversification strategy countering core values and principles shaping the EU energy policymaking. Drawing on the Baldwin notion of power as a relational and multidimensional concept and the taxonomy of power developed by Barnett and Duvall, the article challenges traditional conceptualisations of power, providing a nuanced theoretical approach to the study of energy interdependencies and an innovative understanding of the nexus between international relations and energy studies. The research delves into the intended and unintended consequences of power dynamics in the EU-Russia gas interdependence, as much as the nature of the EU power at each stage of the complex gas independence with Russia. The paper focuses on the EU ability to wean off its Russian gas dependence while preserving informal institutions shaping the identity of its energy policymaking. The investigation shows the powerlessness of the EU and the distance existing between intended and actual outcomes of the LNG strategy, with some major implications for the same EU-Russia relationship. Against the background of emerging LNG interdependencies and a rising global energy order, the article presents policy recommendations to reduce the gap between expected and actual policy outcomes.

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引用次数: 0

The polarization of energy preferences – A study on social acceptance of wind and nuclear power in Sweden

IF 9.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114492

Daniel Lindvall , Patrik Sörqvist , Sofie Lindeberg , Stephan Barthel

Using Sweden as a study case, this article explores the polarized opinions to wind and nuclear energy, two low carbon energy options that have been shown to be politically controversial. In a wide-scale survey (N = 5200), general attitudes to wind and nuclear energy are captured, as well as to projects in the proximity of people's homes. The study demonstrates a deep polarization of energy preferences in Sweden, finding strong associations between worldviews, political orientation, environmental concern, and support for or resistance to wind and nuclear energy. The study concludes that support for both energy options is reduced when wind or nuclear power is constructed near people's home, but also suggests that the proximity effect is particularly strong for individuals with strong TAN (traditional, authoritarian, nationalistic) values and right leaning political ideology. The article argues that politically motivated reasoning might explain the polarization of attitudes, yet this effect seems to become less relevant when people are asked to judge potential energy infrastructure located close them.

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引用次数: 0

Balancing supply security and decarbonization: Optimizing Germany’s LNG port infrastructure under the European Green Deal

IF 9.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114484

Per J. Agrell, Henri Dehaybe, Manuel Herrera Rodriguez

The European Green Deal depends on a coordinated common policy for demand, renewable generation, supply security, and infrastructure. To ensure supply security after 2022 gas supply interruptions, the German government diversified energy imports into liquefied natural gas (LNG) through the use of floating storage and regasification units (FSRU). We test whether the current plan for Germany is consistent with the Green Deal objectives for decarbonization. We use a cost-minimizing facility location model following European policy objectives, combined with a network flow model, to optimize the assignment of FSRUs among German ports to ensure gas supply. Six scenarios are investigated: three greenfield models, with different demand scenarios, in which all locations are possible, a brownfield model in which the existing terminals are imposed, a no-FSRU scenario and a peace scenario between Ukraine and Russia. The optimal solutions for the base greenfield scenarios use the FSRU port infrastructures to expand the regasification capacity to 45 bcm per year. The model validates actual current decisions as optimal for supply security, but the two greenfield and long-term decisions differ in length and investment intensity, challenging policy consistency. Potentially, the impact of anticipatory hydrogen transport investments can distort the analysis.

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