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MODELING OF CONFORMATIONAL CHANGES OF POLYELECTROLYTES ON THE SURFACE OF A TRANSVERSELY POLARIZED METAL NANOWIRE IN AN EXTERNAL ELECTRIC FIELD 外电场下横向极化金属纳米线表面聚电解质构象变化的模拟
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.31489/2022no2/19-29
M. Kucherenko
Gold nanowires with polyelectrolytes adsorbed on their surface are widely used in various biomedical research. In this work, for the first time, conformationalchanges in polyelectrolytes on the surface of a gold nanowire transversely polarized in an external electric field were considered. The properties of a specially created analytical model of conformational rearrangements of a Gaussian macromolecular chain adsorbed on the surface of a cylindrical metal nanowire in an external electric field transverse to the axis of the nanowire were investigated. Conformational changes of uniformly charged polypeptides on the surface of a transversely polarized gold nanowire have been studied using molecular dynamics simulation. On the basis of the analytical model and the results of molecular dynamics simulation, the spatial distributions of the density of polyelectrolyte units on the surface of the nanowire were constructed. With an increase in the strength of the external electric field, an asymmetric stretching of the polyelectrolyte fringe in the direction of the dipole moment of the transversely polarized nanowire was observed.
表面吸附有聚电解质的金纳米线广泛应用于各种生物医学研究。在这项工作中,首次考虑了在外电场中横向极化的金纳米线表面聚电解质的构象变化。研究了吸附在圆柱形金属纳米线表面的高斯大分子链在与纳米线轴线横向的外电场下的构象重排特性。采用分子动力学模拟方法研究了均匀带电多肽在横向极化金纳米线表面的构象变化。在分析模型和分子动力学模拟结果的基础上,构建了纳米线表面聚电解质单元密度的空间分布。随着外加电场强度的增加,在横向极化纳米线偶极矩方向上观察到聚电解质条纹的不对称拉伸。
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引用次数: 0
SE OF COLLIMATION REGIME OF CHARGED PARTICLE BEAM FOR EXPAND THE FUNCTIONAL CAPABILITIES OF CORPUSCULAR OPTICAL SYSTEMS 利用带电粒子束的准直机制来扩展微粒光学系统的功能
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.31489/2022no2/101-106
Saulebekov A.O, Kambarova Zh.T
The approach for the modeling of corpuscular-optical systems for the analysis of charged particle flows is considered. For all the methods considered and used earlier, the condition of spatial focusing of the particle beam was required. However, this strict condition is not always feasible in combination with other requirements. When a cylindrical electrostatic mirror analyzer is used as the main element, spatial focusing ofthe beam is incompatible with focusing in time of flight in terms of energy. In the paper the possibility of using the collimation regime of charged particle beam is considered, thereby eliminating the need to fulfill the focusing condition.
研究了用于带电粒子流分析的微粒光学系统的建模方法。对于前面所考虑和使用的方法,都需要粒子束的空间聚焦条件。然而,这个严格的条件与其他要求结合起来并不总是可行的。当采用圆柱形静电反射镜分析仪作为主要元件时,光束的空间聚焦与飞行时间聚焦在能量上是不相容的。本文考虑了利用带电粒子束准直机制的可能性,从而消除了满足聚焦条件的需要。
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引用次数: 0
STUDY OF ALGORITHM SYNTHETIC INERTIA FUNCTIONING IN ELECTRIC NETWORKS OFDIFFERENT DENSITY 不同密度电网中综合惯性函数的算法研究
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.31489/2022no2/75-85
V. Rudnik
The ability to use the algorithm synthetic inertia (SI) is one of the most important properties of renewable energy sources (RES) generating units connected to the network via a power converter (GUPC). Through the useof SI algorithm there is an opportunity to increase the inertia and damping properties of such plants. The effectiveness of the SI algorithm depends on the mains frequency input value, which is formed by the phase locked loop (PLL), which is an integral part of the power converter control system. However, the operation of the PLL can lead to oscillations with different frequencies when the GUPC is installed in weak electrical networks and, accordingly, adversely affect the performance of the SI algorithm. The studies have shown that the PLL in the photovoltaic plant (PV) control system allows to influence the performance of the SI algorithm, but the nature of this influence depends on the electric network density and can be positive or negative. The influence obtained on the test EPS is also confirmed for the power system of large-scale.
利用该算法合成惯性(SI)的能力是可再生能源发电机组通过电源变换器(GUPC)连接到电网的最重要的特性之一。通过使用SI算法,有机会增加这种植物的惯性和阻尼特性。SI算法的有效性取决于市电频率输入值,而市电频率输入值由锁相环(PLL)构成,是电源变换器控制系统的重要组成部分。然而,当GUPC安装在弱电网络中时,锁相环的工作可能导致不同频率的振荡,从而对SI算法的性能产生不利影响。研究表明,光伏电站(PV)控制系统中的锁相环可以影响SI算法的性能,但这种影响的性质取决于电网密度,可以是正的,也可以是负的。对大型电力系统试验EPS的影响也得到了证实。
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引用次数: 0
PERFORMANCE SIMULATION OF ECO-FRIENDLY SOLAR CELLS BASED ONCH3NH3SnI3 基于ch3nh3sni3的环保太阳能电池性能模拟
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.31489/2022no2/58-64
Z. Omarova
Large-scale deployment of the perovskite photovoltaic technology using such high-performance materials as СH3NH3PbI3may face serious environmental issuesin the future. Implementation of perovskite solar cellbased on Sncouldbe an alternative solution for commercialisation. This paperpresents the results of a theoretical study of a lead-free, environmentally-friendlyphotovoltaic cellusing СH3NH3SnI3as a light-absorbing layer. The characteristics of a photovoltaic cell based on perovskite were modelled using the SCAPS-1D program. Various thicknesses of the absorbing layer were analysed,and an optimised device structure is proposed,demonstratinga high power conversionefficiencyof up to 28% at ambient temperature. The analysis of the thicknesses of the СH3NH3SnI3absorbing layer revealedthat at a thickness of 500 nm, performance is demonstrated with an efficiencyof 27.41 %, a fill factor of 85.92 %, a short circuit current density of 32.60 mA/cm2and an open-circuit voltage of 0.98 V. The obtained numerical results indicate that the СH3NH3SnI3absorbing layer may be a viable replacement forthe standard materials and may form the basis of a highly efficient technology of the environmentally-friendlyperovskite solar cells.
使用СH3NH3PbI3may等高性能材料的钙钛矿光伏技术的大规模部署在未来将面临严重的环境问题。基于镍的钙钛矿太阳能电池的实施可能是商业化的替代解决方案。本文介绍了一种使用СH3NH3SnI3as吸光层的无铅环保光伏电池的理论研究结果。利用SCAPS-1D程序对钙钛矿基光伏电池的特性进行了建模。分析了不同厚度的吸收层,并提出了一种优化的器件结构,在环境温度下具有高达28%的高功率转换效率。对СH3NH3SnI3absorbing层厚度的分析表明,在厚度为500 nm时,效率为27.41%,填充系数为85.92%,短路电流密度为32.60 mA/cm2,开路电压为0.98 V。所得的数值结果表明,СH3NH3SnI3absorbing层可能是标准材料的可行替代品,并可能形成高效环保钙钛矿太阳能电池技术的基础。
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引用次数: 1
ELECTROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF NEW NANOSTRUCTURED COPPER-ZINC MANGANITE OF LANTHANUM AND MAGNESIUM 新型纳米结构镧镁铜锌锰矿的电物理性质
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.31489/2022no2/42-47
B. K. Kasenov
The polycrystalline copper-zinc manganite was synthesized by the solid-phase interaction in the range of 800-1200 °C of oxides of lanthanum (III), copper (II), zinc (II), manganese (III) and magnesium carbonate, thus its nanostructured particles were first obtained by grinding on the vibrating mill “Retsch” (Germany). The X-ray investigations determined that the nanostructured manganite is crystallized in the cubic syngony. On the LCR-7817/827 device(Company «Good Will Instrument Co., Ltd., Taiwan») in the range of 293-483 K at frequencies equal to 1.5 and 10 kHz, the dielectric constantand electrical resistance were investigated and it was found that this compound at 293-353 K has the semiconductorconductivity, at 353-373 K -metal and at 373-483 K -semiconductor conductivity again. The band gap widths were calculated. The permittivity at 483 K reaches gigantic values at all frequencies.Referring to the above, the objective of this paper is to study the temperature dependence of the dielectric constantand the electrical resistance of a new nanostructured copper-zinc manganite of lanthanum and magnesium.
通过镧(III)、铜(II)、锌(II)和锰(III)以及碳酸镁的氧化物在800-1200°C范围内的固相相互作用合成了多晶铜锌锰酸盐,从而首次在振动磨机“Retsch”(德国)上研磨获得了其纳米结构颗粒。X射线研究确定纳米结构的锰酸盐在立方合成气中结晶。在LCR-7817/827器件(公司«Good Will Instrument Co.,有限公司,台湾»)上,在293-483K范围内,在等于1.5和10kHz的频率下,研究了介电常数和电阻,发现该化合物在293-353K下具有半导电性,在353-373K下为金属,在373-483K下再次具有半导体导电性。计算了带隙宽度。483K的介电常数在所有频率下都达到了巨大的值。参考以上内容,本文的目的是研究一种新的镧和镁纳米结构铜锌锰酸盐的介电常数和电阻的温度依赖性。
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引用次数: 0
RAY PHASE AND MICROSTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OFHARDENING COATINGS OBTAINED BYSELF-PROPAGATING HIGH-TEMPERATURE SYNTHESIS IN COMBINATION WITH HEATING OFA MIXTURE OF 𝑨𝒍+𝑩𝟐𝑶𝟑BASED ON HIGH-FREQUENCY CURRENT TREATMENT 高频电流处理下,结合𝑨<s:2> +𝑩<e:2> /𝑶𝟑based混合物加热的自传播高温合成硬化涂层的射线物相及显微组织分析
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.31489/2022no2/6-12
A. Ishkov
The paper describes the results of studies of hardening boride coatings obtained during the implementation of the process of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. These coatings were composite materials based on aluminum oxide and boron. The obtained coatings were subjected to X-ray phase and microstructural analysis, which showed the maincomponents of the resulting compositions and made it possible to assess the thickness and structure of the coating-base metal transition area. The different content of silicon and iron makes it possible to assess the occurrence of surface chemical and metallurgical processes during self-propagating high-temperature synthesis when heating of the base mixture samples on high-frequency current treatment. The expediency of using high-frequency current treatment in combination with the process of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis for better-quality spattering of the hardening coating is shown. The appearance of two areas in the coating with different thickness and structure of the coating is established.
本文介绍了自蔓延高温合成过程中获得的硬化硼化物涂层的研究结果。这些涂层是基于氧化铝和硼的复合材料。对获得的涂层进行X射线相和微观结构分析,显示了所得组合物的主要成分,并使评估涂层基底金属过渡区的厚度和结构成为可能。硅和铁的不同含量使得有可能评估在高频电流处理加热基础混合物样品时自蔓延高温合成过程中表面化学和冶金过程的发生。表明了将高频电流处理与自蔓延高温合成工艺相结合以获得更好质量的硬化涂层溅射的方便性。确定了涂层中具有不同厚度和涂层结构的两个区域的外观。
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引用次数: 0
SPECTRAL OBSERVATIONS OF GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITES 地球静止卫星的光谱观测
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.31489/2022no2/93-100
A. Serebryanskiy
One of the main tasks of the situational awareness system in near-Earth space is to determine the type and class of observed objects by analyzing its reflection spectra. This paper proposes a methodology and interpretation of the spectral observational data of geostationary orbit satellites obtained at the Tian Shan Astronomical Observatory (Kazakhstan) from June-December 2021. 8 geostationary objects, the type and design features of which are known were selected as observation targets. The selected satellites are stable (no fast rotation of these objects was detected) and have large reflecting surface areas. An analysis of the obtained reflection spectra shows the dependence on the phase angle of the object. The studies carried out are especially relevant for objects in high orbits, where the only currently available methods of detection and study are ground-based optical photometry and spectroscopy using meter-class telescopes.
近地空间态势感知系统的主要任务之一是通过分析被观测物体的反射光谱来确定其类型和类别。本文提出了对2021年6月至12月在天山天文台(哈萨克斯坦)获得的地球静止轨道卫星光谱观测数据的方法和解释。选定了8个已知类型和设计特征的地球静止物体作为观测目标。选定的卫星是稳定的(没有检测到这些物体的快速旋转),并且具有大的反射表面积。对所获得的反射光谱的分析显示了对物体相位角的依赖性。所进行的研究与高轨道物体特别相关,目前唯一可用的探测和研究方法是使用米级望远镜的地面光学测光和光谱学。
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引用次数: 0
SPECTRAL DEPENDENCIES OF MAGNETOOPTICAL EFFECTS IN MAGNETIC FLUIDS 磁流体中磁光效应的光谱依赖性
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.31489/2022no2/86-92
C. Yerin
The spectral dependences of the transmittance and optical anisotropy effects in magnetic fluid have been investigated. It is shown that the refractive index spectra of bulk magnetite known are of little use for the quantitativeand qualitative interpretation of optical effects in magnetic fluids. The transmission, birefringence, and dichroism spectra are calculated using the known refractive index spectra of magnetite. The best agreement with the experiment was obtained using the experimental spectra of the complex refractive index of the powder of magnetite nanoparticles. It is concluded that there is a significant difference in the spectra of the complex refractive index for bulk and nanosized magnetite.
研究了磁流体中透射率和光学各向异性效应的光谱相关性。结果表明,已知的大块磁铁矿的折射率光谱对于磁性流体中光学效应的定量和定性解释用处不大。使用已知的磁铁矿折射率光谱计算了透射光谱、双折射光谱和二向色光谱。利用磁铁矿纳米粒子粉末复折射率的实验光谱,获得了与实验的最佳一致性。结果表明,大块磁铁矿和纳米磁铁矿的复折射率光谱存在显著差异。
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引用次数: 2
DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH OF THE TOPOLOGY OF COOLING BAFFLES FOR BLADES OF THE AXIAL CARBON DIOXIDE TURBINES 轴流式二氧化碳涡轮机叶片冷却挡板拓扑结构的研制
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.31489/2022no2/48-57
I. Komarov
Currently, there is an increase in average annual temperature and climate change across the various continents. Carbon dioxide emissions from energy facilities contributed to this condition. Implementation of oxy-fuel cycles is a promising solution for reducing carbon dioxide emissions from the energy sector. To date, the most efficient oxy-fuel cycle is the Allam cycle. In this cycle supercritical carbon dioxide acts as a working fluid of the cycle, wherein СО2’s temperature upstream of the turbine is 1,150 °С and the pressure is 30 MPa. Due to the high temperature of the working fluid, it is necessary to cool first stages of the carbon dioxide turbine. The feature of considered cooling system in this turbine is that carbon dioxide being used as a refrigerant too. This paper investigated two topologies of convective cooling systems in the carbon dioxide turbine’s nozzle blade as well as considers an option for increasing the intensity of heatexchange through the use of helical ribbing in the cylindrical cooling baffle. Numerical simulation involving the ANSYS software package was performed for two topologies of the cooling baffles arrangement in the nozzle blade body: configuration 1 -with 17 baffles of 1 mm diameter, configuration 2 -with three baffles of the blade profile shape. Configuration 1 proved to be more efficient: the Nusselt number has a value of 117, and average value of the heat transfer coefficient on the refrigerant side is 6,413 W/m2∙K. The effect of using helical ribbing in the cooling cylindrical baffle of the blade under study was investigated, which enabled to reduce the metal temperature by 54 °С on average and doubled the heat transfer coefficient.
目前,各大洲的年平均气温和气候变化都在增加。能源设施的二氧化碳排放是造成这种情况的原因之一。实施氧燃料循环是减少能源部门二氧化碳排放的一个有希望的解决方案。迄今为止,最有效的氧-燃料循环是Allam循环。在这个循环中,超临界二氧化碳作为循环的工作流体,其中СО2涡轮上游温度为1150°С,压力为30 MPa。由于工作流体的高温,有必要对二氧化碳涡轮的一级进行冷却。该涡轮机考虑的冷却系统的特点是二氧化碳也被用作制冷剂。本文研究了二氧化碳涡轮喷嘴叶片对流冷却系统的两种拓扑结构,并考虑了通过在圆柱形冷却挡板中使用螺旋肋来增加热交换强度的一种选择。利用ANSYS软件对喷嘴叶身冷却挡板布置的两种拓扑结构进行了数值模拟:构型1为17块直径为1mm的挡板,构型2为3块叶型形状的挡板。配置1的效率更高,努塞尔数为117,制冷剂侧换热系数平均值为6413 W/m2∙K。研究了在所研究的叶片冷却圆柱挡板中使用螺旋肋的效果,使金属温度平均降低54°С,传热系数提高一倍。
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引用次数: 3
OCAL APPROACH TO IMPROVE THE AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FINAL DRYING PROCESS 改进最终干燥过程空气动力学特性的局部方法
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.31489/2022no2/65-70
T. Suprun
Energy-saving technologies are widely used in various technological processes, in particular for the final drying of plant waste. The purpose of the study is to ensure optimal flow distributions and making targeted changes in the design of the coolant supply system based on measurements of local velocities at characteristic points in space, using the methods of hot-wire anemometry.The measurements were carried out in stages and covered eight modifications of the installation. Based on the analysis of the data obtained, specific measures were developed to improve the design of the coolant supply system.
节能技术广泛应用于各种工艺过程中,特别是用于植物废物的最终干燥。本研究的目的是确保最佳的流量分布,并使用热线风速计的方法,根据空间特征点的局部速度测量,在冷却剂供应系统的设计中做出有针对性的改变。测量分阶段进行,包括对安装的八次修改。在对获得的数据进行分析的基础上,制定了改进冷却剂供应系统设计的具体措施。
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引用次数: 1
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Eurasian Physical Technical Journal
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