Erwerbs-Obstbau最新文献

Mango anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, is a devastating disease that affects mango orchards in Pakistan. Although cultural practices, chemicals, and biological control are commonly used to manage the disease, the potential role of micronutrient deficiencies has been largely overlooked by farmers. In this study, four mango orchards were selected at different sites and treated with combinations of micronutrients, including boron (B), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn), applied as a foliar spray and in the soil along with recommended doses of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) and FYM (farmyard manure). The impact of these treatments on the severity of the disease and fruit yield was assessed by measuring micronutrient levels in the leaves and soil before and after application. Results showed that application of all these three micronutrients significantly reduced disease severity and increased the fruit yield in all orchards. The most effective treatments were observed as H₃BO₃ (0.8%) + CuSO₄ (0.5%) + ZnSO₄ (0.8%) and Borax (200 g plant⁻¹) + ZnSO₄ (400 g plant⁻¹) + CuSO₄ (200 g plant⁻¹), which reduced disease severity up to 26 and 21%, respectively, and yielded up to 392 and 371 kg, respectively. The current study revealed that using micronutrients may be a potential way to reduce mango anthracnose disease in integrated disease management programs.

Pesticides are used extensively to control diseases and pests during crop production. The intensive use of pesticides pollutes soil and water resources. The increasing pollution of soil and water resources has become a global problem. The most significant factor influencing the outcome is the behavior of farmers in the process of pesticide use. Intensive use of pesticides not only pollutes the environment but also negatively affects human health. Therefore, farmers’ sensitivity to the environment and human health is essential in regions where pesticides are used intensively. This study examined the behavior of farmers regarding pesticide use in the Lapseki district of Türkiye, where fruit growing and pesticide use are intensive. The study was investigated using 93 questionnaires covering all villages in the Lapseki district. The surveys were conducted face-to-face with fruit producers. The data obtained were evaluated by logistic regression analysis. According to the results obtained, fruit producers in Lapseki district are moderately conscious of the use of pesticides. Only 42% of producers use pesticides according to the recommended dosage, but most of them know pesticides are harmful to the environment and human health. Therefore, it is essential to provide fruit producers in the region with training on pesticide use.

Fruit characteristics and composition vary among the cultivars and the environmental conditions. The current experiment was planned to observe fruit morphological and biochemical properties of various table grape cultivars grown under the hot climate of south Punjab, Pakistan. Fruit of nine different cultivars were harvested including ‘Sultanina-C’, ‘Early Gold’, ‘Perlette’, ‘Sugraone’, ‘Red Globe’, ‘NARC Black’, ‘Vitro Black’, ‘Flame Seedless’ and ‘Kings Ruby’. Significant differences were observed among berry and bunch characters. ‘Sultanina-C’ cultivar had the highest berry length and bunch compactness, whereas ‘Red Globe’ exhibited the highest berry weight and berry width. The highest number of berries per cluster and maximum bunch length was recorded in ‘Flame Seedless’, while the highest bunch weight was recorded in ‘Kings Ruby’ followed by ‘Sultanina-C’ and ‘Flame Seedless’. Maximum total soluble solids was observed in ‘Kings Ruby’ (19.6 °Brix) followed by ‘Sultanina-C’ and ‘Early Gold’, respectively. Less titratable acidity was recorded in ‘Early Gold’ (0.49%) as compared to ‘Perlette’. Vitamin C contents ranged from 17.4 to 58.7 mg 100 ml⁻¹ among cultivars, and the highest amount was found in ‘Sultanina-C’. Total phenolic content was maximum in ‘Sugraone’ grapes (548.59 µg ml FW⁻¹). ‘Vitro Black’ grapes showed the highest antioxidant activity (87.79% inhibition), while the minimum was recorded in ‘Perlette’ (68.38% inhibition). Antioxidant activity was positively correlated with vitamin C contents. The biplot analysis of the first two principal components showed that ‘Sultanina-C’, ‘Flame Seedless’, ‘Kings Ruby’ and ‘Sugraone’ are more responsive with superior fruit quality traits for table grapes than other cultivars grown under the warm climate.

Ber fruit is highly nutritious and is rich in bioactive compounds that are known to have several health benefits. Maintaining the quality of fruits during long term storage with polyphenolic extract in combination with edible coatings could be a novel way. Therefore, the present study is investigated to evaluate the potential application of pectin (1%) coating impregnated with karonda polyphenolic extract (KPPE) at concentrations of 0.5%, 1% & 1.5% on bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity and quality of ber fruits during cold storage for 28 days. The results revealed that coating of ber fruits with pectin enriched in karonda polyphenolic extract markedly reduced spoilage, and maintained the firmness during the storage. The coating has resulted in higher retention of ascorbic acid, flavonoids, phenolics and antioxidant activity during storage. The treated fruits showed delayed ripening by slowing down the synthesis of carotenoids as compared to the control fruit. Further, the coating resulted in the lower activities of cell wall degrading enzymes, pectin methyl estarase (PME), and cellulase in the stored ber fruits. Moreover, the concentrations of karonda polyphenolic extract have worked in a dose-dependent manner in the coating system as pectin with 1.5% KPPE was found to be more effective in maintaining the quality and nutritional potential of ber fruit during storage.

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of different irrigation treatments (Ir100, Ir66, Ir33) on physiological activities and vine performance of the field-grown ‘Sultan 7’ variety. Overall, stomatal conductance (gsw) and net CO₂ assimilation (A) values were lower in the veraison–harvest than in the fruit set–veraison period regardless of irrigation treatments. In both periods, Ir33 was the most restrictive treatment on gas exchange parameters. However, gsw values under all treatments varied in the range of mild stress thresholds (150.39–381.01 mmol m² s¹). In this regard, vegetative growth parameters, particularly pruning wood weight and Ravaz index, were not influenced significantly by irrigation regimes, suggesting that gsw is a trustworthy parameter to detect the water stress level of vines. Although ‘Sultan 7’ vines reached severe stress levels according to midday leaf water potential (Ψ_md) values (between −1.51 and −1.64 MPa) under deficit irrigations, the vines remained at mild stress levels according to gsw values. This shows that ‘Sultan 7’ vines might be more resistant to stress conditions because they remained at the mild stress level even under deficit irrigation. Consequently, ‘Sultan 7’ dried grape growing can be achieved without reducing vine performance under deficit irrigation strategies in the experiment and water use efficiency can be increased by saving water.

The damage caused by climate change and global warming can lead to significant economic losses in economically valuable plant species. Recent studies have shown that exogenous putrescine application is an effective strategy for enhancing plant tolerance to various environmental stress factors; however, no previous research has examined the effects of putrescine application on the drought tolerance of grapevines. In this study, the effects of putrescine applied at concentrations of 0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mM on 1103 Paulsen American grape rootstocks under drought stress (at 30–40% field capacity) and on normally irrigated plants (at 70–80% field capacity) were investigated. These findings indicated that putrescine improved the growth characteristics and physiological parameters of grapevine saplings under drought stress. Under these conditions, 0.1 mM putrescine increased shoot length 2.24-fold, shoot fresh weight 16.60-fold, root fresh weight 2.35-fold and root dry weight 2.22-fold while decreasing the drought index 2.38-fold. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the potential of putrescine application to enhance drought tolerance in grapevines, emphasizing the need for further research in this area. In future research, the potential of putrescine application in enhancing drought tolerance in grapevines should be further investigated, considering the wider range of putrescine concentrations and the underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms in different plant species.

Foliar spray applications may be a valuable tool for producing high quality grapes. However, it is important to use the proper foliar substance and apply it at the proper time and concentration. Recently, it has been observed that there are a limited number of studies on phenylalanine and proline applications in improving grape quality. In current research, three different doses (0, 500 and 1000 ppm) of phenylalanine (Phe) and proline (Pro) were used alone or in combination with bunch tip reduction (Btr) application in order to determine their effects on grape quality attributes. As a consequence of this study, particularly Phe-1000 ppm + Btr was found to be the most favorable application for improving phytochemical properties of ‘Red Globe’ table grape variety.

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of Aloe vera (AV) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) applications on post-harvest fruit quality in ‘Ankara’ pear cultivar. Fruit treated with MAP, AV (33%) and MAP + AV were stored for 120 days at 1 °C and 90 ± 5% relative humidity. The quality analyses and measurements such as weight loss, decay rate, fruit firmness, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), pH, total phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity, organic acids and specific phenolic compounds were made on the 30th, 60th, 90th and 120th days of the cold storage. The losses in fruit firmness were less with MAP and MAP + AV applications, but these applications were found to significantly reduce weight loss and decay rate. It was determined that fruit color characteristics were maintained in all applications. With MAP and AV applications, the increase in SSC and the decrease in TA ratios were lower in fruit, so fruit ripening was delayed. However, the changes in the individual phenolics and organic acids content during cold storage were lower in fruit treated with MAP and AV. As a result of the study, it was concluded that MAP and AV applications on pear can be effectively used in delaying maturity and maintaining quality during cold storage.

Jujube variety classification is a challenging task because of the difficulty in identifying discriminant features, making it difficult to find the subtle features that can fully represent the variety. Besides, jujube identification using single-organ fruit is not sufficiently reliable because different jujube varieties usually have similar fruit shape. To overcome these problems, this paper proposed an automatic jujube identification model based on attention mechanism by combining multiple organs of jujube. The model used a conventional neural network to perform feature extraction on images, and subsequently adopted some fusion techniques to further process the feature maps. By introducing the attention mechanism, the model could recalibrate channel and spatial characteristic responses adaptively so as to focus on the more discriminative regions of the images. Based on the idea of fusing multi-organ features, the network effectively obtained more significant cues for jujube recognition. Experimental results showed that the proposed network had a higher accuracy of 94.77% on jujube classification compared with other methods. It is demonstrated that the network was of great value to jujube recognition research.

Calcareous soil makes up 30% of the world’s agriculture land. Horticultural crops, especially fruit trees, are susceptible to calcareous soil. Rootstocks and cultivars that are resistant to lime are used in places where fruit is grown on calcareous soil. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) have come into greater use in recent years for improving plant growth conditions such as amending poor soil. This research conducted on plants of the ‘Chester’ and ‘Jumbo’ blackberry cultivars growing in high calcareous soil conditions aimed to investigate how four different PGPR species (Alcaligenes feacalis, Microbacterium esteraromaticum, Rhizobium radiobacter, Kocuria rhizophila) affected levels of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant enzyme activities (Catalase, Peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase). Although there were significant statistical differences between rhizobacteria treatments, blackberry varieties were not statistically significant in all enzymes examined in terms of bacterial applications. T₁₁ treatments had the highest values in catalese (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes, both in the general data of blackberry and in the data of varieties. T₁₁ treatment has the highest concentration of CAT (741.51 EU g⁻¹ FT), POD (41,796.76 EU g⁻¹ FT), and SOD (3375.55 EU g⁻¹ FT), whereas T8 has the lowest content of H₂O₂ (24.51 mmol kg⁻¹ FT) and MDA (12.85 nmol mL⁻¹ FT). A positive and high correlation was detected between H₂O₂-CAT, H₂O₂-POD, H₂O₂-MDA, MDA-POD, MDA-SOD, POD-CAT, and POD-SOD. The results imply that the 637Ca, SY48, and SK63 bacterial strains used in combination can be recommended for use in fruit growing on calcareous soil.