The emergence of Islamic viewpoints on economic issues under the umbrella of Islamic economics has captivated much interest especially in its practical manifestation in Islamic banking and finance. In light of the failure of mainstream economics to address many pressing issues, and hence the need for alternative views, this paper offers assessments of Islamic economics whether (i) it is relevant to this need, (ii) it has progressed to the extent that it has been made to become relevant, and (iii) it is also in need of reform. While I argue that Islamic economics is relevant, it falls short of expectations on the second issue. The major reasons being: (a) the lack of progress in Islamic economics theory, (b) the similarity of Islamic economic practices in the forms of Islamic finance to conventional finance, and (c) its limited ability thus far to embrace multi-perspective views. On the basis of these, I conclude that Islamic economics is also in need of reform.
{"title":"Rethinking Islamic Economics","authors":"M. Ibrahim","doi":"10.4197/islec.32-2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4197/islec.32-2.9","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of Islamic viewpoints on economic issues under the\u0000umbrella of Islamic economics has captivated much interest especially in its practical\u0000manifestation in Islamic banking and finance. In light of the failure of mainstream\u0000economics to address many pressing issues, and hence the need for alternative views,\u0000this paper offers assessments of Islamic economics whether (i) it is relevant to this\u0000need, (ii) it has progressed to the extent that it has been made to become relevant, and\u0000(iii) it is also in need of reform. While I argue that Islamic economics is relevant, it falls\u0000short of expectations on the second issue. The major reasons being: (a) the lack of\u0000progress in Islamic economics theory, (b) the similarity of Islamic economic practices\u0000in the forms of Islamic finance to conventional finance, and (c) its limited ability thus\u0000far to embrace multi-perspective views. On the basis of these, I conclude that Islamic\u0000economics is also in need of reform.","PeriodicalId":120099,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology eJournal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128373869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.35609/JFBR.2019.4.2(1)
Maheran Katan, Nasreen Miza Hilmy Nasrijal, Abd Halim Mohd Noor, Norajila Che Man
Objective –Failure to prearrange one’s funeral may lead to financial hardship on one’s family members. Despite the importance of a funeral plan, little is known regarding the awareness level among Muslims regarding the Islamic Pre-need Funeral Plan (IPFP). Because of the dearth of academic research on the awareness among Muslims regarding IPFP, this paper aims to assess the awareness level of Muslims regarding IPFP and to develop an awareness model that frames factors affecting IPFP awareness level. Methodology/Technique – To achieve this, a questionnaire was used to collect the data and PLS-SEM was used to analyse the data. Results show that the level of awareness regarding IPFP is low and is similar to the result found in the USA Findings – The results further show that marketing communication efforts and social influence are significant factors affecting awareness of IPFP. These results have practical implications for IPFP providers and should help them better market their products and mitigate the potential for financial hardship funeral costs may have on families. Novelty – The scarcity of land for burial plots, soaring funeral costs and an increasingly aging population rate necessitates funeral prearrangements by subscribing to a pre-need funeral plan. This prearrangement is an advanced financial provision that covers funeral and burial expenses by enabling subscribers to make funeral arrangements while they are still alive. Type of Paper: Empirical. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Katan, M.; Nasrijal, N. M. H.; Noor, A. H. M.; Man, N. C. 2019. An Awareness Model for an Islamic Pre-Need Funeral Plan, J. Fin. Bank. Review 4 (2): 47 – 57 https://doi.org/10.35609/jfbr.2019.4.2(1) Keywords: Awareness; Islamic Pre-need Funeral Plan; Marketing Communication Efforts; PLS-SEM, Social Influence. JEL Classification: I22, I30, I39.
目的——未能预先安排好自己的葬礼可能会导致家庭成员的经济困难。尽管葬礼计划很重要，但很少有人知道穆斯林对伊斯兰预先葬礼计划(IPFP)的认识水平。由于穆斯林对IPFP的认知缺乏学术研究，本文旨在评估穆斯林对IPFP的认知水平，并建立一个影响IPFP认知水平因素的认知模型。方法/技术-为了实现这一点，使用问卷调查来收集数据，并使用PLS-SEM来分析数据。结果表明，对IPFP的认识水平很低，与美国的结果相似。结果进一步表明，营销传播努力和社会影响是影响IPFP认识的重要因素。这些结果对IPFP提供者具有实际意义，应有助于他们更好地推销其产品，并减轻葬礼费用可能给家庭带来的经济困难。新颖性——由于墓地的稀缺、丧葬费用的飙升以及人口老龄化的加剧，人们有必要通过订阅预先丧葬计划来预先安排丧葬。这种预先安排是一种先进的财务规定，通过使订户能够在他们还活着的时候安排葬礼，来支付葬礼和埋葬费用。论文类型:实证。本文的参考文献如下:Katan, M.;Nasrijal，新墨西哥州;努尔，a.h.m.;2019年，北卡罗来纳。伊斯兰教预先葬礼计划的意识模型，J. Fin Bank。综述4 (2):47 - 57 https://doi.org/10.35609/jfbr.2019.4.2(1)Keywords:意识;伊斯兰预先葬礼计划;营销传播工作;PLS-SEM，社会影响。JEL分类:I22, I30, I39。
{"title":"An Awareness Model for an Islamic Pre-Need Funeral Plan","authors":"Maheran Katan, Nasreen Miza Hilmy Nasrijal, Abd Halim Mohd Noor, Norajila Che Man","doi":"10.35609/JFBR.2019.4.2(1)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35609/JFBR.2019.4.2(1)","url":null,"abstract":"Objective –Failure to prearrange one’s funeral may lead to financial hardship on one’s family members. Despite the importance of a funeral plan, little is known regarding the awareness level among Muslims regarding the Islamic Pre-need Funeral Plan (IPFP). Because of the dearth of academic research on the awareness among Muslims regarding IPFP, this paper aims to assess the awareness level of Muslims regarding IPFP and to develop an awareness model that frames factors affecting IPFP awareness level.\u0000Methodology/Technique – To achieve this, a questionnaire was used to collect the data and PLS-SEM was used to analyse the data. Results show that the level of awareness regarding IPFP is low and is similar to the result found in the USA \u0000Findings – The results further show that marketing communication efforts and social influence are significant factors affecting awareness of IPFP. These results have practical implications for IPFP providers and should help them better market their products and mitigate the potential for financial hardship funeral costs may have on families. \u0000Novelty – The scarcity of land for burial plots, soaring funeral costs and an increasingly aging population rate necessitates funeral prearrangements by subscribing to a pre-need funeral plan. This prearrangement is an advanced financial provision that covers funeral and burial expenses by enabling subscribers to make funeral arrangements while they are still alive.\u0000\u0000Type of Paper: Empirical.\u0000\u0000Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Katan, M.; Nasrijal, N. M. H.; Noor, A. H. M.; Man, N. C. 2019. An Awareness Model for an Islamic Pre-Need Funeral Plan, J. Fin. Bank. Review 4 (2): 47 – 57 https://doi.org/10.35609/jfbr.2019.4.2(1)\u0000\u0000Keywords: Awareness; Islamic Pre-need Funeral Plan; Marketing Communication Efforts; PLS-SEM, Social Influence.\u0000\u0000JEL Classification: I22, I30, I39.","PeriodicalId":120099,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology eJournal","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126910610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The relationship between Iran and the United States is adversarial because of nuclear weapons related issues. Trump has warned Iran, “You can't have nuclear weapons. And if you want to talk about it, good. Otherwise, you can live in a shattered economy for a long time to come.” While Trump is willing to negotiate with Iran, he wants to do it under a policy of “maximum pressure” on Iran that includes “We’ll only give you sanctions relief after you’ve compromised.” Iran’s policy is to resist it all the way: It will not talk until sanctions are lifted. It is not at all clear how this impasse can be overcome without a bitter war. In theory, at least, in such a war, Iran can be obliterated, the Middle East put in a complete state of chaos, the global economy put into a tail spin, China’s economy destroyed, North Korea shattered, and Russia put in a state of limbo, while the US comes out relatively unscathed but isolated. Both the US and Iran are playing for very high stakes.
{"title":"Iran: The Trump Factor","authors":"R. Bera","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3410738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3410738","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between Iran and the United States is adversarial because of nuclear weapons related issues. Trump has warned Iran, “You can't have nuclear weapons. And if you want to talk about it, good. Otherwise, you can live in a shattered economy for a long time to come.” While Trump is willing to negotiate with Iran, he wants to do it under a policy of “maximum pressure” on Iran that includes “We’ll only give you sanctions relief after you’ve compromised.” Iran’s policy is to resist it all the way: It will not talk until sanctions are lifted. It is not at all clear how this impasse can be overcome without a bitter war. In theory, at least, in such a war, Iran can be obliterated, the Middle East put in a complete state of chaos, the global economy put into a tail spin, China’s economy destroyed, North Korea shattered, and Russia put in a state of limbo, while the US comes out relatively unscathed but isolated. Both the US and Iran are playing for very high stakes.","PeriodicalId":120099,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology eJournal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134343397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ghana’s Ministry of Finance (MoF) has been identified as a ‘pocket of effectiveness’, both in relation to other state agencies and in terms of delivering on its mandate. However, this effectiveness has not been constant over the post-independence period, which requires us to explain how and why effectiveness is generated, but also why it can falter. We argue that the effectiveness of the MoF’s performance derives from the coupling of changing features in Ghana’s wider political settlement with the internal organisational features of this key ministry. Using historical analysis and data collected from recent interviews and reports, we focus on the MoF’s performance over the past five years, even as we situate this in the longer-term context of the Ministry’s ups and downs.
{"title":"The Politics of Bureaucratic ‘Pockets of Effectiveness’: Insights from Ghana’s Ministry of Finance","authors":"A. Abdulai, G. Mohan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3430440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3430440","url":null,"abstract":"Ghana’s Ministry of Finance (MoF) has been identified as a ‘pocket of effectiveness’, both in relation to other state agencies and in terms of delivering on its mandate. However, this effectiveness has not been constant over the post-independence period, which requires us to explain how and why effectiveness is generated, but also why it can falter. We argue that the effectiveness of the MoF’s performance derives from the coupling of changing features in Ghana’s wider political settlement with the internal organisational features of this key ministry. Using historical analysis and data collected from recent interviews and reports, we focus on the MoF’s performance over the past five years, even as we situate this in the longer-term context of the Ministry’s ups and downs.","PeriodicalId":120099,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology eJournal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120954702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This project is the result of a search on labour market participation of Swiss married women. We want to analyze why most of these women are part of the labor force. The result is that most of the examined women are not part of the Swiss labor force because they have an high no-labor income, they have one or more young kids and finally they think to be old.
{"title":"Labor Market Participation of Swiss Married Women","authors":"Carmine Russo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3403194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3403194","url":null,"abstract":"This project is the result of a search on labour market participation of Swiss married women. We want to analyze why most of these women are part of the labor force. The result is that most of the examined women are not part of the Swiss labor force because they have an high no-labor income, they have one or more young kids and finally they think to be old.","PeriodicalId":120099,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology eJournal","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133565209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article addresses the question of what economic efficiency is and why a proper understanding of it affects the economic efficiency claim that is made for common law. This understanding shows that a good deal of the criticism of the efficiency claim in fact are consistent with it. Justice and economic efficiency, properly defined have similar outcomes and similar and comparable roots so that a correspondence between them is not surprising. This article builds on the Rubin-Zywicki model to suggest additional support for elements of the efficiency claim and shows also additional reasons why it may be less strong than formerly. For example, the common law in its distributive role, where efficiency is often opaque so that the cost to judges of making rules that are inefficient are less than in other areas of the law, inefficiency is more likely to be found.
{"title":"Well-Defined Economic Efficiency and the Common Law: The Rise, Fall and Rebirth of Economic Efficiency Applied to Law","authors":"R. Zerbe","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3395580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3395580","url":null,"abstract":"This article addresses the question of what economic efficiency is and why a proper understanding of it affects the economic efficiency claim that is made for common law. This understanding shows that a good deal of the criticism of the efficiency claim in fact are consistent with it. Justice and economic efficiency, properly defined have similar outcomes and similar and comparable roots so that a correspondence between them is not surprising. This article builds on the Rubin-Zywicki model to suggest additional support for elements of the efficiency claim and shows also additional reasons why it may be less strong than formerly. For example, the common law in its distributive role, where efficiency is often opaque so that the cost to judges of making rules that are inefficient are less than in other areas of the law, inefficiency is more likely to be found.","PeriodicalId":120099,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology eJournal","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131466151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-27DOI: 10.26595/eamr.2014.5.2.1
J. Aznar, Josep M. Sayeras, J. Vives
Tourism is the main economic activity in some small islands that have became very dependent on this activity. Sun and beach destinations are characterized by high levels of seasonality, with consequences on unemployment, economic activity diversification and GDP per capita. This paper analyzes the empirical evidence from the Balearic island of Mallorca, one of the most important touristic destinations in Spain. This research has analyzed the existence of correlation between seasonality and unemployment, GDP per capita, housing prices, the paper also examines the importance of location and infrastructure. The variable with a highest explanatory capacity in terms of GDP per capita is the distance to the airport. National and regional governments must consider the importance of infrastructures and the role seasonality plays in economic growth and economic activity diversification; the understanding of these relations will help to develop the most adequate public policies.
{"title":"Seasonality, Infrastructures and Economic Growth in Touristic Islands","authors":"J. Aznar, Josep M. Sayeras, J. Vives","doi":"10.26595/eamr.2014.5.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26595/eamr.2014.5.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Tourism is the main economic activity in some small islands that have became very dependent on this activity. Sun and beach destinations are characterized by high levels of seasonality, with consequences on unemployment, economic activity diversification and GDP per capita. This paper analyzes the empirical evidence from the Balearic island of Mallorca, one of the most important touristic destinations in Spain. This research has analyzed the existence of correlation between seasonality and unemployment, GDP per capita, housing prices, the paper also examines the importance of location and infrastructure. The variable with a highest explanatory capacity in terms of GDP per capita is the distance to the airport. National and regional governments must consider the importance of infrastructures and the role seasonality plays in economic growth and economic activity diversification; the understanding of these relations will help to develop the most adequate public policies.","PeriodicalId":120099,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology eJournal","volume":"28 3-4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129646105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The “Zero Draft” Treaty on Business and Human Rights was published in July 2018. Similar to earlier manifestations of treaty discussions, this draft places the right of and access to remedy at the center of negotiations. In this way, this treaty follows an analogous pathway to the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs); namely, that victims of human rights impacts should have access to an effective remedy. The draft does not however, discuss in detail how remedy might be enforced.
To understand how remedy enforcement may work in practice, the UNGPs offer some guidance. They point to the National Contact Point (NCP). NCPs are a product of the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and provide victims of human rights violations with a platform to lodge a complaint against a corporation. The NCP’s role is to investigate this complaint and where appropriate, mediate on a solution, and act as an enforcer. This is not the NCP’s only role, but it is the aspect of its activities on which the UNGPs focus. The global experience of the NCP has been varied with promotion of the NCP’s activities differing depending on the nation state. Despite this, the UNGPs have continued to endorse the NCPs as both a potential route to effective remedy and as an enforcement mechanism.
In this article, we look at the legal framework on business and human rights in Ireland. We note that whereas the proposed draft treaty does not explicitly reference NCPs in its current form, the language contained within mirrors that of the UNGPs and the OECD (to a lesser extent) suggesting a role for the NCP moving forward. Therefore, we propose a list of recommendations to enhance the existing NCP framework, thus ensuring that, should the proposed treaty be developed (in line with the current draft) Ireland can fulfill its obligations and offer clear guidance for victims needing to engage the NCP framework.
{"title":"The Case of the Irish National Contact Point for the OECD Guidelines for Multi National Enterprises: Challenges and Opportunities for the Business and Human Rights Landscape in Ireland","authors":"Ciara Hackett, C. O'Kelly, C. Patton","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3645083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3645083","url":null,"abstract":"The “Zero Draft” Treaty on Business and Human Rights was published in July 2018. Similar to earlier manifestations of treaty discussions, this draft places the right of and access to remedy at the center of negotiations. In this way, this treaty follows an analogous pathway to the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs); namely, that victims of human rights impacts should have access to an effective remedy. The draft does not however, discuss in detail how remedy might be enforced.<br><br>To understand how remedy enforcement may work in practice, the UNGPs offer some guidance. They point to the National Contact Point (NCP). NCPs are a product of the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and provide victims of human rights violations with a platform to lodge a complaint against a corporation. The NCP’s role is to investigate this complaint and where appropriate, mediate on a solution, and act as an enforcer. This is not the NCP’s only role, but it is the aspect of its activities on which the UNGPs focus. The global experience of the NCP has been varied with promotion of the NCP’s activities differing depending on the nation state. Despite this, the UNGPs have continued to endorse the NCPs as both a potential route to effective remedy and as an enforcement mechanism. <br><br>In this article, we look at the legal framework on business and human rights in Ireland. We note that whereas the proposed draft treaty does not explicitly reference NCPs in its current form, the language contained within mirrors that of the UNGPs and the OECD (to a lesser extent) suggesting a role for the NCP moving forward. Therefore, we propose a list of recommendations to enhance the existing NCP framework, thus ensuring that, should the proposed treaty be developed (in line with the current draft) Ireland can fulfill its obligations and offer clear guidance for victims needing to engage the NCP framework.","PeriodicalId":120099,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology eJournal","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121067009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Institutions, such as contract enforcements and rule of law, are arguably one of the most important determinants of economic development. This paper exploits the insight into the relation between geography and economies of scale and investigates how the market size and international trade affect institutional quality. I adopt an incomplete-contract approach to model institutions. Due to contract incompleteness, a firm can hold up its suppliers and distort production. When the effective market size facing firms is larger, due to trade liberalization, or increases in population or numbers of trading partners, benevolent governments have incentive to improve institutional quality to facilitate production to meet the larger demand. Interestingly, in my multiple-country framework, the competition in institutional quality also matters in a Nash-equilibrium sense. The institutional qualities increase in trade-liberalized countries whereas those in the non-liberalized ones may decrease. This paper also empirically shows the positive impact of real effective market size on institutional quality, supporting the model.
{"title":"Market Size, International Trade, and Institutional Quality","authors":"Xuan Luo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3361492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3361492","url":null,"abstract":"Institutions, such as contract enforcements and rule of law, are arguably one of the most important determinants of economic development. This paper exploits the insight into the relation between geography and economies of scale and investigates how the market size and international trade affect institutional quality. I adopt an incomplete-contract approach to model institutions. Due to contract incompleteness, a firm can hold up its suppliers and distort production. When the effective market size facing firms is larger, due to trade liberalization, or increases in population or numbers of trading partners, benevolent governments have incentive to improve institutional quality to facilitate production to meet the larger demand. Interestingly, in my multiple-country framework, the competition in institutional quality also matters in a Nash-equilibrium sense. The institutional qualities increase in trade-liberalized countries whereas those in the non-liberalized ones may decrease. This paper also empirically shows the positive impact of real effective market size on institutional quality, supporting the model.","PeriodicalId":120099,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology eJournal","volume":"44 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120872012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is a case study on the Collaboration between Agriculture and Welfare (CAW) in Japan. A characteristic of CAW is that an agricultural organization and a welfare organization are working in a community platform. They reap mutual benefits through their collaboration at CAW. This collaborative advantage increases the value of internal resources within the community, considering the organizations’ activities from the community’s perspective. Additionally, these organizations can increase production and expand sales channels, which would inevitably increase the power of appeal to customers and increase sales. At earlier stages of CAW, laborers worked in exchange for crops. Gradually, farmers recognized disabled laborers as important community members and created a more accommodating work environment for them; farmers created a collaborative platform where each farmer’s unique skillset could be utilized through the division of labor, which created a community of expert labor groups. By tapping individual ingenuity, they succeeded in increasing the yield by the community concept. Additionally, such management policy attracted human resources conformed to the founder’s focus on local contribution and food safety. This approach facilitated an environment suitable that accepted people with disabilities. By constructing an environment on the aforementioned values, CAW is improving the value of internal resources in the community and enabling increased production and expansion of sales channels as corporate efforts.
{"title":"Evaluating the Role of Collaboration via Management Control Systems on Agricultural Competitiveness and Welfare","authors":"M. Kosugi, Keikichi Kato","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3360207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3360207","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a case study on the Collaboration between Agriculture and Welfare (CAW) in Japan. A characteristic of CAW is that an agricultural organization and a welfare organization are working in a community platform. They reap mutual benefits through their collaboration at CAW. This collaborative advantage increases the value of internal resources within the community, considering the organizations’ activities from the community’s perspective. Additionally, these organizations can increase production and expand sales channels, which would inevitably increase the power of appeal to customers and increase sales. At earlier stages of CAW, laborers worked in exchange for crops. Gradually, farmers recognized disabled laborers as important community members and created a more accommodating work environment for them; farmers created a collaborative platform where each farmer’s unique skillset could be utilized through the division of labor, which created a community of expert labor groups. By tapping individual ingenuity, they succeeded in increasing the yield by the community concept. Additionally, such management policy attracted human resources conformed to the founder’s focus on local contribution and food safety. This approach facilitated an environment suitable that accepted people with disabilities. By constructing an environment on the aforementioned values, CAW is improving the value of internal resources in the community and enabling increased production and expansion of sales channels as corporate efforts.","PeriodicalId":120099,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology eJournal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124820577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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