Türkler, tarihleri boyunca yayılımcı bir politika izlemiş ve gittikleri yerlere kültürlerini de taşımışlardır. Hint Yarımadası, Türklerin Orta Asya’dan göç ederek yerleştiği ve yaklaşık 700 yıl hüküm sürdüğü bölgedir. Türkler, Burada çok fazla hizmete imza atmış ve yeni yaşam alanları oluşturmuşlardır. İki kültürün birleşmesi ile yeni bir mimari dil ortaya çıkmıştır. Türk hükümdarlar, imar çalışmalarına önem vermiş, ülkenin en ıssız bölgelerine dahi kervansaray, bahçe, han ve mescit gibi yapılar yaptırarak şehirleşmeyi teşvik etmişlerdir. Türkler, bu üslup ile Hint Yarımadasında çok sayıda mimari eser bırakmıştır. İçlerinde Tac Mahal’in de yer aldığı bu mimari eserlerin çoğu, üstün evrensel değere sahip olmaları nedeni ile Unesco Dünya Mirası Listesi’nde yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada; Orta Asya’dan Güney Asya bölgesine inen Türklerin bölgede kurduğu devletler, bıraktığı mimari eserler; işlevi, dönüşümü, yapım teknikleri, ve bölge şartlarına göre yapılmış koruma ve restorasyon çalışmaları araştırılmıştır.
{"title":"Hint Yarımadasında Türk Mimari İzleri ve Karakteri","authors":"Zeynep Cevahi̇refendi̇oğlu, Leyla Suri̇","doi":"10.31590/ejosat.1226734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1226734","url":null,"abstract":"Türkler, tarihleri boyunca yayılımcı bir politika izlemiş ve gittikleri yerlere kültürlerini de taşımışlardır. Hint Yarımadası, Türklerin Orta Asya’dan göç ederek yerleştiği ve yaklaşık 700 yıl hüküm sürdüğü bölgedir. Türkler, Burada çok fazla hizmete imza atmış ve yeni yaşam alanları oluşturmuşlardır. İki kültürün birleşmesi ile yeni bir mimari dil ortaya çıkmıştır. Türk hükümdarlar, imar çalışmalarına önem vermiş, ülkenin en ıssız bölgelerine dahi kervansaray, bahçe, han ve mescit gibi yapılar yaptırarak şehirleşmeyi teşvik etmişlerdir. Türkler, bu üslup ile Hint Yarımadasında çok sayıda mimari eser bırakmıştır. İçlerinde Tac Mahal’in de yer aldığı bu mimari eserlerin çoğu, üstün evrensel değere sahip olmaları nedeni ile Unesco Dünya Mirası Listesi’nde yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada; Orta Asya’dan Güney Asya bölgesine inen Türklerin bölgede kurduğu devletler, bıraktığı mimari eserler; işlevi, dönüşümü, yapım teknikleri, ve bölge şartlarına göre yapılmış koruma ve restorasyon çalışmaları araştırılmıştır.","PeriodicalId":12068,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89714495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the soliton solutions of the integrable nonlinear (4+1)-dimensional Fokas equation, which has a unique importance in high-dimensional problems, are examined by the new Kudryashov method, which has recently been introduced into literature. In addition to obtaining the basic soliton solutions of the (4+1)-dimensional Fokas equation, it is showed that the method can be easily used effectively for high-dimensional problems and is also reliable. 3D, 2D and contour presentations of the graphs of the soliton solutions obtained in the study were made and the necessary explanations were also made.
{"title":"Solitary wave solutions of the (4+1)-dimensional Fokas equation via an efficient integration technique","authors":"Pinar Albayrak","doi":"10.31590/ejosat.1196618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1196618","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the soliton solutions of the integrable nonlinear (4+1)-dimensional Fokas equation, which has a unique importance in high-dimensional problems, are examined by the new Kudryashov method, which has recently been introduced into literature. In addition to obtaining the basic soliton solutions of the (4+1)-dimensional Fokas equation, it is showed that the method can be easily used effectively for high-dimensional problems and is also reliable. 3D, 2D and contour presentations of the graphs of the soliton solutions obtained in the study were made and the necessary explanations were also made.","PeriodicalId":12068,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78642696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The region of Ain El Arbaa, like all Algerian municipalities, suffers from a water shortage crisis. The main objective of this work is to investigate the possibility of reusing treated water from the region. For this purpose, we have examined the quality of the water treated by the D'Ain El Arbaa treatment plant. The analyzes carried out on the incoming sewage and outgoing waste water from the lagoon focused on the following parameters: (pH, total suspended solids (TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4, electrical conductivity). This during the period from January 2021 to May 2021 with a sampling frequency of twice a month. The results obtained show that this purification process using two sectors (pre-treatment, secondary treatment) is insufficient and does not meet the quality standards required for agricultural use for the parameters: TSS, COD, and electrical conductivity. For the preservation of the receiving environment, the results did not comply with the standards for the parameters TSS, DOC, NH4. The abatement yields of the lagoon treatment plant studied were average for all the parameters studied. So according to this work we can conclude that natural lagooning alone is not sufficient to have purified water that complies neither with the quality required for agricultural reuse, nor with the quality required for discharge into the natural environment. Then the addition of a complementary tertiary treatment, such as filter basins planted with macrophytes is necessary.
艾因阿尔巴地区和阿尔及利亚所有城市一样，都面临缺水危机。这项工作的主要目的是调查从该地区再利用处理过的水的可能性。为此目的，我们检查了经D'Ain El Arbaa处理厂处理的水的质量。对泻湖入出水污水进行了pH、总悬浮物(TSS)、生物需氧量(BOD5)、化学需氧量(COD)、NH4、电导率等参数的分析。在2021年1月至2021年5月期间，采样频率为每月两次。结果表明，该净化工艺采用前处理、二次处理两段，在TSS、COD、电导率等参数上均不符合农用水质标准。为了保存接收环境，结果不符合TSS、DOC、NH4参数的标准。在所研究的所有参数下，所研究的泻湖处理厂的减排产量是平均的。因此，根据这项工作，我们可以得出结论，仅靠天然泻湖不足以获得既不符合农业再利用要求的水质，也不符合排放到自然环境中的水质要求的纯净水。然后添加一个补充的三级处理，如种植大型植物的过滤池是必要的。
{"title":"Is the recycling of purified water from the Ain El Arbaa region for agricultural purposes possible?","authors":"Mounira Chachoua","doi":"10.31590/ejosat.1232504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1232504","url":null,"abstract":"The region of Ain El Arbaa, like all Algerian municipalities, suffers from a water shortage crisis. The main objective of this work is to investigate the possibility of reusing treated water from the region. \u0000For this purpose, we have examined the quality of the water treated by the D'Ain El Arbaa treatment plant. \u0000The analyzes carried out on the incoming sewage and outgoing waste water from the lagoon focused on the following parameters: (pH, total suspended solids (TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4, electrical conductivity). This during the period from January 2021 to May 2021 with a sampling frequency of twice a month. \u0000The results obtained show that this purification process using two sectors (pre-treatment, secondary treatment) is insufficient and does not meet the quality standards required for agricultural use for the parameters: TSS, COD, and electrical conductivity. For the preservation of the receiving environment, the results did not comply with the standards for the parameters TSS, DOC, NH4. \u0000 The abatement yields of the lagoon treatment plant studied were average for all the parameters studied. \u0000So according to this work we can conclude that natural lagooning alone is not sufficient to have purified water that complies neither with the quality required for agricultural reuse, nor with the quality required for discharge into the natural environment. \u0000Then the addition of a complementary tertiary treatment, such as filter basins planted with macrophytes is necessary.","PeriodicalId":12068,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"141 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77117107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Son zamanlarda teknolojinin ve sosyal ağların gelişmesiyle çevrimiçi karşılıklı etkileşim, herhangi konuda fikirlerini paylaşma oldukça önem kazanmıştır. Bu etkileşimlerin olumlu yanı olsa da olumsuz yanı da oldukça fazladır. Sosyal ağlarda kullanıcıların bilgilerini elde edip kullanıcıları taklit etmek güvenlik açısından büyük bir problemdir. Böylelikle kullanıcılar üzerinden dolandırıcılık vs. yapılabilmektedir. Kullanıcıları taklit edebilmek için en yaygın yol spam mesajların, e-postaların, vs. atılmasıdır. Güvenlik probleminin üstesinden gelmek için spam filtreleme, spam tespiti yöntemi geliştirme gibi işlemler uygulanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Türkçe e-postalarda spam içeren e-postaların tespiti için Rastgele Orman, Lojistik Regresyon, Naive Bayes, Yapay Sinir Ağları makine öğrenme yöntemleri ve BERT, ELECTRA, ALBERT, DistilBERT dil modelleri analiz edilmiştir. Böylece dil modellerinin Türkçe için spam e-postaları sınıflandırmadaki etkisi gösterilmek istenmiştir. Deneysel çalışmaların sonucunda, spam e-postaları sınıflandırmada tüm dil modelleri makine öğrenme yöntemlerine göre daha başarılı olmuştur. Makine öğrenme yöntemlerinden yapay sinir ağları %90.15 doğrulu değeri elde ederken, en başarılı dil modelleri %94.08 doğruluk değeri ile BERT ve ELECTRA olmuştur.
{"title":"Türkçe E-postalarda Spam Tespiti için Makine Öğrenme Yöntemlerinin ve Dil Modellerinin Analizi","authors":"Zekeriya Anıl Güven","doi":"10.31590/ejosat.1234079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1234079","url":null,"abstract":"Son zamanlarda teknolojinin ve sosyal ağların gelişmesiyle çevrimiçi karşılıklı etkileşim, herhangi konuda fikirlerini paylaşma oldukça önem kazanmıştır. Bu etkileşimlerin olumlu yanı olsa da olumsuz yanı da oldukça fazladır. Sosyal ağlarda kullanıcıların bilgilerini elde edip kullanıcıları taklit etmek güvenlik açısından büyük bir problemdir. Böylelikle kullanıcılar üzerinden dolandırıcılık vs. yapılabilmektedir. Kullanıcıları taklit edebilmek için en yaygın yol spam mesajların, e-postaların, vs. atılmasıdır. Güvenlik probleminin üstesinden gelmek için spam filtreleme, spam tespiti yöntemi geliştirme gibi işlemler uygulanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Türkçe e-postalarda spam içeren e-postaların tespiti için Rastgele Orman, Lojistik Regresyon, Naive Bayes, Yapay Sinir Ağları makine öğrenme yöntemleri ve BERT, ELECTRA, ALBERT, DistilBERT dil modelleri analiz edilmiştir. Böylece dil modellerinin Türkçe için spam e-postaları sınıflandırmadaki etkisi gösterilmek istenmiştir. Deneysel çalışmaların sonucunda, spam e-postaları sınıflandırmada tüm dil modelleri makine öğrenme yöntemlerine göre daha başarılı olmuştur. Makine öğrenme yöntemlerinden yapay sinir ağları %90.15 doğrulu değeri elde ederken, en başarılı dil modelleri %94.08 doğruluk değeri ile BERT ve ELECTRA olmuştur.","PeriodicalId":12068,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78469113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ti6Al4V alaşımının işlenebilirliği, ultrasonik ve geleneksel mikro frezeleme ile işlem parametreleri ve farklı soğutma/yağlama yöntemlerinin talaş kalınlık oranı ve talaş formuna etkileri bu çalışmada deneysel olarak araştırıldı. Bu araştırma yapılırken deneysel çalışmalarda 0.02 mm sabit talaş derinliği, 0.66 mm/s sabit ilerleme ve 20.000, 40.000 ve 60.000 dev/dak devir sayısı işleme şartlarında kuru işleme, nano Al2O3 partikül katkılı boraks-etilen glikol karışımı ve zeytinyağı- boraks-etilen glikol karışımı 50-100 mikro metre boyutlu Al2O3 içeren nano kesme sıvılı minimum miktarda yağlama (MMY) yöntemi, karbür ve TiSiN kaplamalı karbür kesici takımlar kullandı. Ultrasonik mikro frezelemede, sabit genlikte iki farklı titreşim frekansı (20 ve 30 kHz) kesici takıma uygulandı. Deneysel çalışmaların tümünde süreksiz talaş formu elde edildi. Talaş formuna soğutma yönteminin ve kesici takımının bir etkisi olmadığı belirlendi.
{"title":"Ti6Al4V Alaşımının Ultrasonik Yüksek Hızlı Mikro Frezelenmesinde Talaşların İncelenmesi","authors":"Aybars Mahmat, Nihat Tosun, Salih Ağar","doi":"10.31590/ejosat.1165463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1165463","url":null,"abstract":"Ti6Al4V alaşımının işlenebilirliği, ultrasonik ve geleneksel mikro frezeleme ile işlem parametreleri ve farklı soğutma/yağlama yöntemlerinin talaş kalınlık oranı ve talaş formuna etkileri bu çalışmada deneysel olarak araştırıldı. Bu araştırma yapılırken deneysel çalışmalarda 0.02 mm sabit talaş derinliği, 0.66 mm/s sabit ilerleme ve 20.000, 40.000 ve 60.000 dev/dak devir sayısı işleme şartlarında kuru işleme, nano Al2O3 partikül katkılı boraks-etilen glikol karışımı ve zeytinyağı- boraks-etilen glikol karışımı 50-100 mikro metre boyutlu Al2O3 içeren nano kesme sıvılı minimum miktarda yağlama (MMY) yöntemi, karbür ve TiSiN kaplamalı karbür kesici takımlar kullandı. Ultrasonik mikro frezelemede, sabit genlikte iki farklı titreşim frekansı (20 ve 30 kHz) kesici takıma uygulandı. Deneysel çalışmaların tümünde süreksiz talaş formu elde edildi. Talaş formuna soğutma yönteminin ve kesici takımının bir etkisi olmadığı belirlendi.","PeriodicalId":12068,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81333614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Today, the increased use of the internet has become important in our lives and new communication technologies, social networks, e-commerce, online banking, and among other applications have a significant impact on the promotion and growth of business. In our study, we aimed to work with a large dataset and to achieve the best results in detecting malicious URL addresses using an artificial intelligence model. A 7-layer RNN model was used in the study, and two similar national and international datasets were combined and merged to create a big new dataset consisting of 579,112 URL addresses. Then, this new data set is divided into training and test sets. first data set was trained at the model and then the second data set was processed test. When this data set was processed in our model, we achieved a success rate of over 91%. This rate is a very good result of detecting malicious url addresses. Your contribution with this work is significant in developing more effective methods for detecting harmful sites as internet usage increases, parallel use of artificial intelligence models makes detection of such sites more effective and potentially assist users in protecting from various types of cyber-attacks is targeted.
{"title":"Developing and Evaluating an Artificial Intelligence Model for Malicious URL Detection","authors":"Fatih Ti̇ryaki̇, Ümit Şentürk, I. Yücedag","doi":"10.31590/ejosat.1234556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1234556","url":null,"abstract":"Today, the increased use of the internet has become important in our lives and new communication technologies, social networks, e-commerce, online banking, and among other applications have a significant impact on the promotion and growth of business. In our study, we aimed to work with a large dataset and to achieve the best results in detecting malicious URL addresses using an artificial intelligence model. A 7-layer RNN model was used in the study, and two similar national and international datasets were combined and merged to create a big new dataset consisting of 579,112 URL addresses. Then, this new data set is divided into training and test sets. first data set was trained at the model and then the second data set was processed test. When this data set was processed in our model, we achieved a success rate of over 91%. This rate is a very good result of detecting malicious url addresses. Your contribution with this work is significant in developing more effective methods for detecting harmful sites as internet usage increases, parallel use of artificial intelligence models makes detection of such sites more effective and potentially assist users in protecting from various types of cyber-attacks is targeted.","PeriodicalId":12068,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81716058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article, which is discussed at a time when initiatives towards renewable energy sources are increasing and reducing fossil fuel consumption; the factors that need to be examined for the installation of an off-grid solar panel system were examined and in line with the data obtained, a system was designed for a tiny-house. An off-grid system with 10KWh power consumption with optimum irradiance data has been found on how many square meters of PV system will be needed to operate it. How to meet the stable 10KWh need for the worst month, the amount of battery capacity required has been examined. A system inventory has been allocated. The province of Pamukkale in Turkey, with a latitude of 37.89°, was chosen for the solar panel installation; It is aimed to meet all the electricity needs of the house, which was built in a forest area 8 km away from the mains, with the solar panel system to be installed. From theory to practice with an academic approach as well as solar energy sector jargon; in this article, includes a two-way study. A solar panel system was installed in line with the data obtained and the 7600Wh value that the house to be built would need, and 29 batteries integrated into the system were sized for cases where the system could not provide sufficient energy through the sun with a 1% probability. Thus, the design of the optimum "Solar Energy System" desired for a certain location and compatible estimation calculations will be able to provide examples of this study.
{"title":"Solar Radiation Forecasts and a Tiny House PV Off-Grid System","authors":"Z. Er","doi":"10.31590/ejosat.1234216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1234216","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, which is discussed at a time when initiatives towards renewable energy sources are increasing and reducing fossil fuel consumption; the factors that need to be examined for the installation of an off-grid solar panel system were examined and in line with the data obtained, a system was designed for a tiny-house. An off-grid system with 10KWh power consumption with optimum irradiance data has been found on how many square meters of PV system will be needed to operate it. How to meet the stable 10KWh need for the worst month, the amount of battery capacity required has been examined. A system inventory has been allocated. The province of Pamukkale in Turkey, with a latitude of 37.89°, was chosen for the solar panel installation; It is aimed to meet all the electricity needs of the house, which was built in a forest area 8 km away from the mains, with the solar panel system to be installed. From theory to practice with an academic approach as well as solar energy sector jargon; in this article, includes a two-way study. A solar panel system was installed in line with the data obtained and the 7600Wh value that the house to be built would need, and 29 batteries integrated into the system were sized for cases where the system could not provide sufficient energy through the sun with a 1% probability. Thus, the design of the optimum \"Solar Energy System\" desired for a certain location and compatible estimation calculations will be able to provide examples of this study.","PeriodicalId":12068,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83225377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Atmospheric reaeration process plays a key role in degradation of organic matter and self-purification processes affecting dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in rivers and streams. Moreover, water quality (WQ) processes can be highly dependent on flow velocity conditions. Where, highly reaeration rates are positively correlated with high flow velocity. Therefore, the present work reports deep insights on the role of flow velocity with reaeration process in the concentration of DO and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5). This study was applied along the largest agricultural drainage water reuse project, El-Salam Canal in Egypt. The hydrodynamic (HD) characteristics and WQ parameters (DO and BOD5) along the canal were simulated using a one-dimensional HD and WQ model (MIKE 11). The simulated results indicated that the canal was deteriorated towards El-Salam Canal after mixing with El-Serw and Bahr Hadous drains. Statistical regression fitted line and Pearson correlation analysis, were performed on the simulation results of the reaeration rates with flow velocity and WQ values, indicating a significant correlation. Accordingly, water velocity should be taken into account as a key factor for describing the WQ change.
{"title":"Quantitative study for the effect of water velocity on water quality change","authors":"W. Assar","doi":"10.31590/ejosat.1231931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1231931","url":null,"abstract":"Atmospheric reaeration process plays a key role in degradation of organic matter and self-purification processes affecting dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in rivers and streams. Moreover, water quality (WQ) processes can be highly dependent on flow velocity conditions. Where, highly reaeration rates are positively correlated with high flow velocity. Therefore, the present work reports deep insights on the role of flow velocity with reaeration process in the concentration of DO and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5). This study was applied along the largest agricultural drainage water reuse project, El-Salam Canal in Egypt. The hydrodynamic (HD) characteristics and WQ parameters (DO and BOD5) along the canal were simulated using a one-dimensional HD and WQ model (MIKE 11). The simulated results indicated that the canal was deteriorated towards El-Salam Canal after mixing with El-Serw and Bahr Hadous drains. Statistical regression fitted line and Pearson correlation analysis, were performed on the simulation results of the reaeration rates with flow velocity and WQ values, indicating a significant correlation. Accordingly, water velocity should be taken into account as a key factor for describing the WQ change.","PeriodicalId":12068,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83311891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes the real-life application of a personnel service shuttle routing problem. The problem in question is a type of vehicle routing problem with special constraints. To solve the problem, a mathematical model was developed, which aims to minimize the total travel time of employees, including the walking times to the shuttle-stops and the times spent on the shuttles. These times were added in the model by considering the times between the designated stops, the times each shuttle spends on each stop and the total travel times of the shuttles from the starting points to the destination point. The goal programming model was coded and solved using the commercial solver IBM ILOG CPLEX Optimization Studio. The actual times between the shuttle bus stops and the employee walking times were calculated according to the real-life data provided by the company. The walking times of the employees to the bus stops were also regulated via the inclusion of some set covering constraints in the model. When the numerical results from the model were compared to the current practice of the company, it has been observed that the savings in total travel time were quite significant.
{"title":"Employee Shuttle Bus Routing Problem: A Case Study","authors":"Gaye Peker","doi":"10.31590/ejosat.1173057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1173057","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the real-life application of a personnel service shuttle routing problem. The problem in question is a type of vehicle routing problem with special constraints. To solve the problem, a mathematical model was developed, which aims to minimize the total travel time of employees, including the walking times to the shuttle-stops and the times spent on the shuttles. These times were added in the model by considering the times between the designated stops, the times each shuttle spends on each stop and the total travel times of the shuttles from the starting points to the destination point. The goal programming model was coded and solved using the commercial solver IBM ILOG CPLEX Optimization Studio. The actual times between the shuttle bus stops and the employee walking times were calculated according to the real-life data provided by the company. The walking times of the employees to the bus stops were also regulated via the inclusion of some set covering constraints in the model. When the numerical results from the model were compared to the current practice of the company, it has been observed that the savings in total travel time were quite significant.","PeriodicalId":12068,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"269 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86726513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dünya genelinde enerji ihtiyacı giderek artmaktadır. Kullanılan fosil temelli yakıtlar, dünya üzerinde yeryüzü sıcaklığındaki yükselmelere, ozon tabakasında oluşan yıkımlara, iklim değişikliklerine sebep olduğu bilinmektedir ve sonucunda geri dönülmesi zor hasarlar meydana getirmektedir. Rüzgâr enerjisi gibi çevreci ve yenilebilir enerji kaynakları her yıl daha da gelişmekte, kara ve su üzerinde kullanılarak, etkileyici bir potansiyele sahiptir. Bununla birlikte atmosferin stokastik ve tahmin edilmesi zor yapısı, rüzgâr hızında rastgeleliklere ve kesintilere ve sonucunda rüzgâr gücündeki dalgalanmalara sebep olmaktadır. Bu nedenle enerji piyasalarında, rüzgâr gücünün etkili, güvenilir ve kararlı bir yapıda kullanılabilmesi için kısa vadede yapılan tahminler büyük önem arz etmektedir. Atmosferin yapısının sayısal denklemlerle ve WRF-ARW (Weather Research and Forecasting Model) modellemesiyle iyi temsil edilmesi ile bu sorun günümüzde daha kolay bir hale gelmiştir. Yine de model parametreleri, başlangıç koşulları doğru bir şekilde seçilmelidir. Türkiye’de altı farklı bölgede yaptığımız ayrıca tüm Türkiye’yi kapsayan sıcaklık, yağış ve rüzgâr hızı tahminleri ve eğri eşitleme metodu ile Türkiye’nin 2,3 MW ve 3 MW’ lık rüzgâr gücü üretim potansiyeli tahminlerimiz, orta ve uzun vadede uygulanabilir enerji yatırımları için uygun bir alternatif kaynak sağlayabilir. Bu çalışmada Çanakkale bölgesinde yıllık rüzgâr hızı tahminlerinde sırasıyla 1,35 MAE (Mean Absolute Error) ve d (0,87), IOA (Index of Agreement) değerlerine ulaşılmıştır.
{"title":"Türkiye’nin Rüzgar Enerji Potansiyelinin Sayısal Hava Tahmin Sistemi ile Simülasyonu ve Analizi","authors":"Fahrettin Fırat Özdemi̇r, Abdulla Sakalli","doi":"10.31590/ejosat.1191826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1191826","url":null,"abstract":"Dünya genelinde enerji ihtiyacı giderek artmaktadır. Kullanılan fosil temelli yakıtlar, dünya üzerinde yeryüzü sıcaklığındaki yükselmelere, ozon tabakasında oluşan yıkımlara, iklim değişikliklerine sebep olduğu bilinmektedir ve sonucunda geri dönülmesi zor hasarlar meydana getirmektedir. Rüzgâr enerjisi gibi çevreci ve yenilebilir enerji kaynakları her yıl daha da gelişmekte, kara ve su üzerinde kullanılarak, etkileyici bir potansiyele sahiptir. Bununla birlikte atmosferin stokastik ve tahmin edilmesi zor yapısı, rüzgâr hızında rastgeleliklere ve kesintilere ve sonucunda rüzgâr gücündeki dalgalanmalara sebep olmaktadır. Bu nedenle enerji piyasalarında, rüzgâr gücünün etkili, güvenilir ve kararlı bir yapıda kullanılabilmesi için kısa vadede yapılan tahminler büyük önem arz etmektedir. Atmosferin yapısının sayısal denklemlerle ve WRF-ARW (Weather Research and Forecasting Model) modellemesiyle iyi temsil edilmesi ile bu sorun günümüzde daha kolay bir hale gelmiştir. Yine de model parametreleri, başlangıç koşulları doğru bir şekilde seçilmelidir. Türkiye’de altı farklı bölgede yaptığımız ayrıca tüm Türkiye’yi kapsayan sıcaklık, yağış ve rüzgâr hızı tahminleri ve eğri eşitleme metodu ile Türkiye’nin 2,3 MW ve 3 MW’ lık rüzgâr gücü üretim potansiyeli tahminlerimiz, orta ve uzun vadede uygulanabilir enerji yatırımları için uygun bir alternatif kaynak sağlayabilir. Bu çalışmada Çanakkale bölgesinde yıllık rüzgâr hızı tahminlerinde sırasıyla 1,35 MAE (Mean Absolute Error) ve d (0,87), IOA (Index of Agreement) değerlerine ulaşılmıştır.","PeriodicalId":12068,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76470545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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