Pub Date : 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2025.107894
Zi-Qing Liang , Yi Zhao , Yong-Zhi Tan , Jie Wang , Yi-Lu Shao , Qian-Wang Zheng , Yuan Zou , Jun-Fang Lin , Mou-Tong Chen , Zhi-Wei Ye
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) act as critical molecular chaperones that mediate responses to environmental stress, thereby regulating metabolic fluxes and facilitating the optimized accumulation of secondary metabolites. Based on previous transcriptome analysis of Cordyceps militaris under stress conditions, Hsp78 was identified as a potential regulator of carotenoid biosynthesis. To further elucidate its function, the relative expression of hsp78 mRNA in the C. militaris CM10 strain was analyzed under oxidative (potassium permanganate, KMnO4) and osmotic (sodium chloride, NaCl) stress. In addition, an overexpression vector pCambia0390-blpR-Pcmgpd-Hsp78 was constructed and integrated into the genome of C. militaris via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to generate stable recombinant strains. Carotenoid accumulation was then quantified. The results demonstrated that carotenoid production in the recombinant CmHsp78 strain reached 323.28 μg/g under KMnO4-induced oxidative stress and 329.17 μg/g under NaCl-induced osmotic stress, representing 1.17- and 1.24-fold increases, respectively, compared to the control. These findings suggest that overexpression of hsp78 enhances carotenoid accumulation in C. militaris, indicating a potential role of heat shock proteins in carotenoid biosynthesis. This study provides a foundation for further investigation and biotechnological applications aimed at optimizing carotenoid production in C. militaris.
热休克蛋白（Hsps）作为关键的分子伴侣，介导对环境应激的反应，从而调节代谢通量，促进次级代谢物的优化积累。基于之前对蛹虫草在胁迫条件下的转录组分析，Hsp78被鉴定为类胡萝卜素生物合成的潜在调节因子。为了进一步阐明其功能，我们分析了在氧化（高锰酸钾，KMnO4）和渗透（氯化钠，NaCl）胁迫下，hsp78 mRNA在militaris C. CM10菌株中的相对表达。构建了过表达载体pCambia0390-blpR-Pcmgpd-Hsp78，通过农杆菌介导的转化将其整合到militaris C.基因组中，生成稳定的重组菌株。然后对类胡萝卜素积累量进行量化。结果表明，重组菌株CmHsp78在kmno4诱导的氧化胁迫和nacl诱导的渗透胁迫下的类胡萝卜素产量分别达到323.28 μg/g和329.17 μg/g，分别比对照提高了1.17倍和1.24倍。这些研究结果表明，hsp78的过表达促进了类胡萝卜素在蛹c中的积累，表明热休克蛋白在类胡萝卜素生物合成中的潜在作用。该研究为进一步研究和优化蛹金盏花类胡萝卜素的生产提供了基础。
{"title":"Functional characterization of the heat shock protein gene hsp78 in regulating carotenoid biosynthesis in the edible-medicinal fungus Cordyceps militaris","authors":"Zi-Qing Liang , Yi Zhao , Yong-Zhi Tan , Jie Wang , Yi-Lu Shao , Qian-Wang Zheng , Yuan Zou , Jun-Fang Lin , Mou-Tong Chen , Zhi-Wei Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.107894","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.107894","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heat shock proteins (Hsps) act as critical molecular chaperones that mediate responses to environmental stress, thereby regulating metabolic fluxes and facilitating the optimized accumulation of secondary metabolites. Based on previous transcriptome analysis of <em>Cordyceps militaris</em> under stress conditions, Hsp78 was identified as a potential regulator of carotenoid biosynthesis. To further elucidate its function, the relative expression of <em>hsp7</em>8 mRNA in the <em>C. militaris</em> CM10 strain was analyzed under oxidative (potassium permanganate, KMnO<sub>4</sub>) and osmotic (sodium chloride, NaCl) stress. In addition, an overexpression vector pCambia0390-blpR-Pcmgpd-Hsp78 was constructed and integrated into the genome of <em>C. militaris</em> via <em>Agrobacterium</em>-mediated transformation to generate stable recombinant strains. Carotenoid accumulation was then quantified. The results demonstrated that carotenoid production in the recombinant CmHsp78 strain reached 323.28 μg/g under KMnO<sub>4</sub>-induced oxidative stress and 329.17 μg/g under NaCl-induced osmotic stress, representing 1.17- and 1.24-fold increases, respectively, compared to the control. These findings suggest that overexpression of <em>hsp78</em> enhances carotenoid accumulation in <em>C. militaris</em>, indicating a potential role of heat shock proteins in carotenoid biosynthesis. This study provides a foundation for further investigation and biotechnological applications aimed at optimizing carotenoid production in <em>C. militaris</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 107894"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145474909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2025.107877
Wang Guo , Bo Li , Mao-Qing Wang , Yang Cao , Qin Yuan , Wen Liu , Yi-Chen Hu , Liang Zou , Shengpeng Wang , Ding-Tao Wu
Quinoa microgreen, as a nutrient-dense and health-promoting vegetable, contains abundant rhamnogalacturonan-I enriched pectic polysaccharides. However, their protective effects against ulcerative colitis (UC) and the influence of structural features like degree of esterification (DE) are poorly understood. Consequently, to overcome this gap in understanding, we systematically assessed the anti-UC activity of quinoa microgreen pectic polysaccharides (QMP) exhibiting distinct DE levels: QMP-HDE (28.49 %), QMP-MDE (16.8 %), and QMP-LDE (4.4 %). Results demonstrated that all these pectic polysaccharides significantly mitigated dextran sulfate sodium-induced UC through upregulating tight junction proteins, suppressing intestinal pro-inflammatory cytokines, promoting short-chain fatty acid production, and resorting gut microbiota homeostasis. Notably, low-DE QMP-LDE demonstrated superior efficacy to high-DE QMP-HDE in restoring intestinal barrier integrity (enhanced upregulation of tight junction proteins and reduced serum lipopolysaccharide) and in elevating anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10. Although all pectic polysaccharides suppressed pathogenic genera (Escherichia-Shigella, Klebsiella, and Helicobacter), they differentially modulated beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus and Muribaculaceae). QMP-HDE selectively enhanced Lactobacillus abundance, whereas QMP-LDE specifically enriched Muribaculaceae. These differential effects among QMP-HDE and QMP-LDE are closely linked to their DE levels. Collectively, our findings shed light on the structure-anti-UC activity relationship of QMP pectic polysaccharides, supporting their potential application as functional foods to prevent intestinal inflammatory disorders.
{"title":"Impact of esterification degree of pectic polysaccharides from quinoa microgreen on protective effects against dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice","authors":"Wang Guo , Bo Li , Mao-Qing Wang , Yang Cao , Qin Yuan , Wen Liu , Yi-Chen Hu , Liang Zou , Shengpeng Wang , Ding-Tao Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.107877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.107877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quinoa microgreen, as a nutrient-dense and health-promoting vegetable, contains abundant rhamnogalacturonan-I enriched pectic polysaccharides. However, their protective effects against ulcerative colitis (UC) and the influence of structural features like degree of esterification (DE) are poorly understood. Consequently, to overcome this gap in understanding, we systematically assessed the anti-UC activity of quinoa microgreen pectic polysaccharides (QMP) exhibiting distinct DE levels: QMP-HDE (28.49 %), QMP-MDE (16.8 %), and QMP-LDE (4.4 %). Results demonstrated that all these pectic polysaccharides significantly mitigated dextran sulfate sodium-induced UC through upregulating tight junction proteins, suppressing intestinal pro-inflammatory cytokines, promoting short-chain fatty acid production, and resorting gut microbiota homeostasis. Notably, low-DE QMP-LDE demonstrated superior efficacy to high-DE QMP-HDE in restoring intestinal barrier integrity (enhanced upregulation of tight junction proteins and reduced serum lipopolysaccharide) and in elevating anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10. Although all pectic polysaccharides suppressed pathogenic genera (<em>Escherichia-Shigella, Klebsiella,</em> and <em>Helicobacter</em>), they differentially modulated beneficial bacteria (<em>Lactobacillus</em> and Muribaculaceae). QMP-HDE selectively enhanced <em>Lactobacillus</em> abundance, whereas QMP-LDE specifically enriched Muribaculaceae. These differential effects among QMP-HDE and QMP-LDE are closely linked to their DE levels. Collectively, our findings shed light on the structure-anti-UC activity relationship of QMP pectic polysaccharides, supporting their potential application as functional foods to prevent intestinal inflammatory disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 107877"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145474906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2025.107879
Ruiying Wang , Shulian Zhang , Mingqian Tan
Shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes) fermentation broth, enriched with bioactive compounds, has considerable potential in mitigating oxidative stress and alcohol-induced organ damage. This study systematically evaluated the antioxidant capacity in vitro and hepatoprotective effects in vivo of a sequential multi-microbial fermentation broth (MMF) utilizing Bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In vitro assays demonstrated that MMF possesses potent, concentration-dependent radical scavenging activity, with a notable Oxygen radical absorption capacity half-life of 6.83 h. Furthermore, MMF significantly enhanced the viability of NRK cells (up to 124.91 % at 1.25 mg/mL) and offered protection against oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide. In vivo, the administration of MMF to alcohol-treated mice effectively reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β), restored hepatic antioxidant enzymes (GSH, CAT), and normalized malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Histopathological analysis verified MMF's protective effects on liver and gastric tissues, mitigating alcohol-induced structural damage. Serum lipid profiles (LDL, LDL-C, TC) were improved, highlighting MMF's dual role in alleviating oxidative injury and modulating lipid metabolism. These findings highlight the potential of multi-strain fermentation to enhance the bioactivity of shiitake-derived compounds, providing a foundation for the development of functional foods targeting alcohol-related disorders.
{"title":"Multi-strain fermentation amplifies antioxidant and hepatoprotective efficacy of shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes) broth: A dual approach targeting oxidative stress and acute alcohol injury","authors":"Ruiying Wang , Shulian Zhang , Mingqian Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.107879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.107879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shiitake mushroom (<em>Lentinus edodes</em>) fermentation broth, enriched with bioactive compounds, has considerable potential in mitigating oxidative stress and alcohol-induced organ damage. This study systematically evaluated the antioxidant capacity <em>in vitro</em> and hepatoprotective effects <em>in vivo</em> of a sequential multi-microbial fermentation broth (MMF) utilizing <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>, lactic acid bacteria, and <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>. <em>In vitro</em> assays demonstrated that MMF possesses potent, concentration-dependent radical scavenging activity, with a notable Oxygen radical absorption capacity half-life of 6.83 h. Furthermore, MMF significantly enhanced the viability of NRK cells (up to 124.91 % at 1.25 mg/mL) and offered protection against oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide. <em>In vivo,</em> the administration of MMF to alcohol-treated mice effectively reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β), restored hepatic antioxidant enzymes (GSH, CAT), and normalized malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Histopathological analysis verified MMF's protective effects on liver and gastric tissues, mitigating alcohol-induced structural damage. Serum lipid profiles (LDL, LDL-C, TC) were improved, highlighting MMF's dual role in alleviating oxidative injury and modulating lipid metabolism. These findings highlight the potential of multi-strain fermentation to enhance the bioactivity of shiitake-derived compounds, providing a foundation for the development of functional foods targeting alcohol-related disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 107879"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145474991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2025.107880
Filiberto A. Bautista-Moreno , Martha Giles-Gómez , María Antonieta Silva-Chávez , Patricia Severiano-Pérez , María Elena Rodríguez-Alegría , Georgina Hernández-Chávez , Francisco Bolívar , Adelfo Escalante
Pulque is a traditional Mexican beverage produced by the spontaneous fermentation of Agave (maguey) sap (aguamiel). Although of great cultural and economic importance, artisanal pulque production relies on empirical practices that lead to variability and limited scalability. In this study, we designed a defined minimal starter culture to achieve controlled fermentation of microfiltered aguamiel, preserving the key characteristics of traditional pulque. Microfiltration provided a sterile substrate, allowing functional assessment of three representative species from the pulque core microbiota: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Zymomonas mobilis, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. Laboratory-scale fermentations were conducted to evaluate growth dynamics, sugar consumption, metabolite production, and sensory profiles. Comparing monocultures and co-cultures of these three core microorganisms revealed functional complementarity, resulting in efficient sugar conversion and balanced ethanol and lactic acid production. The resulting beverage maintained the characteristic aroma, acidity, and mouthfeel of artisanal pulque. Sensory evaluation using modified Flash profiling and Generalized Procrustes Analysis confirmed that this formulation converged toward the traditional reference while reducing variability. These findings demonstrate that spontaneous fermentation can be replaced by a reproducible, defined minimal inoculum without compromising the beverage's authenticity and illustrate how translating microbial ecology into minimal starter consortia can bridge tradition with biotechnology and innovation in food fermentation.
{"title":"Design of a minimal starter culture for controlled fermentation of maguey sap: Microbial and sensory comparison with traditional pulque","authors":"Filiberto A. Bautista-Moreno , Martha Giles-Gómez , María Antonieta Silva-Chávez , Patricia Severiano-Pérez , María Elena Rodríguez-Alegría , Georgina Hernández-Chávez , Francisco Bolívar , Adelfo Escalante","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.107880","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.107880","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pulque is a traditional Mexican beverage produced by the spontaneous fermentation of <em>Agave</em> (maguey) sap (aguamiel). Although of great cultural and economic importance, artisanal pulque production relies on empirical practices that lead to variability and limited scalability. In this study, we designed a defined minimal starter culture to achieve controlled fermentation of microfiltered aguamiel, preserving the key characteristics of traditional pulque. Microfiltration provided a sterile substrate, allowing functional assessment of three representative species from the pulque core microbiota: <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Zymomonas mobilis,</em> and <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em>. Laboratory-scale fermentations were conducted to evaluate growth dynamics, sugar consumption, metabolite production, and sensory profiles. Comparing monocultures and co-cultures of these three core microorganisms revealed functional complementarity, resulting in efficient sugar conversion and balanced ethanol and lactic acid production. The resulting beverage maintained the characteristic aroma, acidity, and mouthfeel of artisanal pulque. Sensory evaluation using modified Flash profiling and Generalized Procrustes Analysis confirmed that this formulation converged toward the traditional reference while reducing variability. These findings demonstrate that spontaneous fermentation can be replaced by a reproducible, defined minimal inoculum without compromising the beverage's authenticity and illustrate how translating microbial ecology into minimal starter consortia can bridge tradition with biotechnology and innovation in food fermentation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 107880"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145474998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-03DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2025.107876
Zhenxing Yan , Hongwei Duan , Shuai Yang , Zihao Fang , Lujie Zhao , Xiaoyun Pang , Huasheng Gang , Lihong Zhang , Yong Zhang , Xingxu Zhao , Junjie Hu
The damage to the ruminal epithelial barrier is central to the subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) induced immune response in ruminants. Melatonin is synthesized by the rumen epithelium, and its content is significantly increased in SARA, which may be used as a biological target. This study investigated whether the up-regulation of ruminally derived melatonin content during SARA has a co-regulatory effect on ruminal epithelial barrier damage and its potential mechanism. We used lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a harmful metabolite associated with SARA in the rumen, to construct a rumen epithelial barrier damage model and assess the repair effect of melatonin. Oxidative stress levels in the rumen increased during SARA (ROS, MDA, CAT, SOD and GSH). The reactive oxygen species scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and melatonin had comparable therapeutic effects in upregulating the expression of critical tight junction (TJ) proteins (Claudin-1, Occludin and ZO-1). Rumen epithelial barrier damage triggered over-activated autophagy (P62, Beclin1 and LC3Ⅱ). In vitro, NAC and melatonin reversed LPS-induced over-autophagy in rumen epithelial cells (RECs). Chloroquine (autophagy inhibitor) restored TJs, while rapamycin (autophagy activator) negated this repair effect. The addition of U0126 (ERK inhibitor) confirmed that ERK/mTOR is a key pathway through which autophagy contributes to rumen epithelial barrier breakdown. The effect of the inhibitor MCC950 on TJs suggested that the NLRP3 inflammasome (NLRP3, ASC and IL-1β) serves as an important target in oxidative stress-induced autophagy. Melatonin can effectively repair rumen epithelial barrier damage caused by SARA through its antioxidant properties. The mechanism involves ERK/mTOR regulation of hyperautophagy, thereby affecting the NLRP3 inflammasome complex. Our research highlights the potential of melatonin in alleviating high-concentrate diet-induced epithelial barrier damage and suggests an effective target for treating rumen epithelial barrier dysfunction.
{"title":"Melatonin alleviates ruminal epithelial dysfunction by regulating oxidative stress-induced autophagy and inhibiting inflammasome activation","authors":"Zhenxing Yan , Hongwei Duan , Shuai Yang , Zihao Fang , Lujie Zhao , Xiaoyun Pang , Huasheng Gang , Lihong Zhang , Yong Zhang , Xingxu Zhao , Junjie Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.107876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.107876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The damage to the ruminal epithelial barrier is central to the subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) induced immune response in ruminants. Melatonin is synthesized by the rumen epithelium, and its content is significantly increased in SARA, which may be used as a biological target. This study investigated whether the up-regulation of ruminally derived melatonin content during SARA has a co-regulatory effect on ruminal epithelial barrier damage and its potential mechanism. We used lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a harmful metabolite associated with SARA in the rumen, to construct a rumen epithelial barrier damage model and assess the repair effect of melatonin. Oxidative stress levels in the rumen increased during SARA (ROS, MDA, CAT, SOD and GSH). The reactive oxygen species scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and melatonin had comparable therapeutic effects in upregulating the expression of critical tight junction (TJ) proteins (Claudin-1, Occludin and ZO-1). Rumen epithelial barrier damage triggered over-activated autophagy (P62, Beclin1 and LC3Ⅱ). In vitro, NAC and melatonin reversed LPS-induced over-autophagy in rumen epithelial cells (RECs). Chloroquine (autophagy inhibitor) restored TJs, while rapamycin (autophagy activator) negated this repair effect. The addition of U0126 (ERK inhibitor) confirmed that ERK/mTOR is a key pathway through which autophagy contributes to rumen epithelial barrier breakdown. The effect of the inhibitor MCC950 on TJs suggested that the NLRP3 inflammasome (NLRP3, ASC and IL-1β) serves as an important target in oxidative stress-induced autophagy. Melatonin can effectively repair rumen epithelial barrier damage caused by SARA through its antioxidant properties. The mechanism involves ERK/mTOR regulation of hyperautophagy, thereby affecting the NLRP3 inflammasome complex. Our research highlights the potential of melatonin in alleviating high-concentrate diet-induced epithelial barrier damage and suggests an effective target for treating rumen epithelial barrier dysfunction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 107876"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145474907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-03DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2025.107870
Shijie Liu , Qian Ding , Yueyu Bai , Lijun Zhao , Miaoyun Li , Jong-Hoon Lee , Zihou Liu , Lingxia Sun , Yanxia Liu , Yangyang Ma , Gaiming Zhao , Dong Liang
In response to the current situation of underutilization of resources for cowhide collagen, we screened a potential probiotic B. velezensis LZ676 from fermented cured pig's trotters by using biological characteristics and whole genomics. Furthermore, the differences of functional active substances in the cowhide fermentation degradation liquid (CFDL) by this strain were investigated by means of biological activity index and untargeted metabonomics. The results showed that more than 68 % of the peptides in CFDL were less than 3000 Da, and CFDL had remarkable in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial abilities. The untargeted metabolomics showed that the abundance of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer related metabolites in CFDL increased, and the enrichment analysis of KEGG pathway revealed that linoleic acid metabolism was the main way to produce differential metabolites. This study provides a theoretical basis and promising strategy for the high-value production of processing by-products of livestock skin fermented by probiotic Bacillus.
{"title":"Trash to treasure: Cowhide was completely hydrolyzed by Bacillus velezensis LZ676 to prepare bioactive mixture and metabonomics analysis","authors":"Shijie Liu , Qian Ding , Yueyu Bai , Lijun Zhao , Miaoyun Li , Jong-Hoon Lee , Zihou Liu , Lingxia Sun , Yanxia Liu , Yangyang Ma , Gaiming Zhao , Dong Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.107870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.107870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to the current situation of underutilization of resources for cowhide collagen, we screened a potential probiotic <em>B. velezensis</em> LZ676 from fermented cured pig's trotters by using biological characteristics and whole genomics. Furthermore, the differences of functional active substances in the cowhide fermentation degradation liquid (CFDL) by this strain were investigated by means of biological activity index and untargeted metabonomics. The results showed that more than 68 % of the peptides in CFDL were less than 3000 Da, and CFDL had remarkable <em>in vitro</em> antioxidant and antibacterial abilities. The untargeted metabolomics showed that the abundance of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer related metabolites in CFDL increased, and the enrichment analysis of KEGG pathway revealed that linoleic acid metabolism was the main way to produce differential metabolites. This study provides a theoretical basis and promising strategy for the high-value production of processing by-products of livestock skin fermented by probiotic <em>Bacillus</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 107870"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145474992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As a more sustainable food option, plant-based meat analogues (PBMAs) have gained increasing attention worldwide. However, their texture and flavor characteristics still have a considerable gap from those of real meat. Cell-cultured pork biomass (CCPB) may have great potential to improve the quality of PBMAs. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of incorporating CCPB on the texture and flavor of PBMAs. The results indicated that the addition of CCPB significantly improved the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of PBMAs, which may be attributed to the acid environment and optimized water distribution caused by CCPB. Concurrently, CCPB imparted meat-like flavor characteristics to PBMAs. E-nose and E-tongue analyses showed that the odor and taste characteristics of PBMAs were closer to real pork with the increase of CCPB addition. Flavoromics based on GC-MS identified key volatile flavor compounds contributing to meat aroma, including 1-octen-3-ol, hexanal, nonanal, octanal, (Z)-2-nonenal, and 2-pentyfuran. Furthermore, untargeted lipidomics based on LC-MS/MS revealed that glycerophospholipids (GPs) with high abundance and unsaturation were the main lipids for improving the texture and flavor of PBMAs. Specifically, phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), cardiolipin (CL), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), and phosphatidylserine (PS) were primarily associated with texture improvement. Specific lipid molecules such as CL (23:0_22:6_20:3_18:0), ChE (13:0), PE (14:0e_23:0), FA (20:4), and DG (36:4e) may serve as important biomarkers for producing meat flavor. These findings provide a valuable theoretical basis for the targeted optimization of the lipid characteristics of CCPB and PBMAs formulations to enhance their sensory quality.
{"title":"Effect of cell-cultured pork biomass on the texture and flavor characteristics of plant-based meat analogues","authors":"Hongwei Jiang , Ziqing Meng , Shijie Ding , Jiaying Zhu , Chang Zhou , Xinyuan Jiang , Jun Qi , Guanghong Zhou , Yunting Xie , Chunbao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.107875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.107875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a more sustainable food option, plant-based meat analogues (PBMAs) have gained increasing attention worldwide. However, their texture and flavor characteristics still have a considerable gap from those of real meat. Cell-cultured pork biomass (CCPB) may have great potential to improve the quality of PBMAs. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of incorporating CCPB on the texture and flavor of PBMAs. The results indicated that the addition of CCPB significantly improved the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of PBMAs, which may be attributed to the acid environment and optimized water distribution caused by CCPB. Concurrently, CCPB imparted meat-like flavor characteristics to PBMAs. E-nose and E-tongue analyses showed that the odor and taste characteristics of PBMAs were closer to real pork with the increase of CCPB addition. Flavoromics based on GC-MS identified key volatile flavor compounds contributing to meat aroma, including 1-octen-3-ol, hexanal, nonanal, octanal, (Z)-2-nonenal, and 2-pentyfuran. Furthermore, untargeted lipidomics based on LC-MS/MS revealed that glycerophospholipids (GPs) with high abundance and unsaturation were the main lipids for improving the texture and flavor of PBMAs. Specifically, phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), cardiolipin (CL), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), and phosphatidylserine (PS) were primarily associated with texture improvement. Specific lipid molecules such as CL (23:0_22:6_20:3_18:0), ChE (13:0), PE (14:0e_23:0), FA (20:4), and DG (36:4e) may serve as important biomarkers for producing meat flavor. These findings provide a valuable theoretical basis for the targeted optimization of the lipid characteristics of CCPB and PBMAs formulations to enhance their sensory quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 107875"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145474999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-03DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2025.107883
Cassamo U. Mussagy , Antonio J. Meléndez-Martínez
Growing concerns over the health risks of synthetic dyes in ultra-processed foods (UPF) have intensified the search for natural, safe, and sustainable colorants. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of saproxanthin (SXT), a rare marine xanthophyll-type carotenoid, highlighting its biosynthetic origins, structure–function relationships, biological roles, and industrial potential. Evidence shows that SXT possesses strong antioxidant and membrane-protective properties that may surpass those of β-carotene and other common carotenoids. Its microbial origin enables scalable, controlled production with reduced environmental impact, aligning with the principles of the blue bioeconomy. The review integrates knowledge gaps, biotechnological strategies, and regulatory perspectives, proposing future research directions for SXT as a next-generation functional colorant. Ultimately, this work contributes to the development of safer and more sustainable ingredients with potential benefits for human health and the food industry.
{"title":"Saproxanthin: an emerging xanthophyll-type carotenoid with potential applications in colorants, nutraceuticals and functional foods in the blue bioeconomy and biotechnology era","authors":"Cassamo U. Mussagy , Antonio J. Meléndez-Martínez","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.107883","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.107883","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Growing concerns over the health risks of synthetic dyes in ultra-processed foods (UPF) have intensified the search for natural, safe, and sustainable colorants. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of saproxanthin (SXT), a rare marine xanthophyll-type carotenoid, highlighting its biosynthetic origins, structure–function relationships, biological roles, and industrial potential. Evidence shows that SXT possesses strong antioxidant and membrane-protective properties that may surpass those of β-carotene and other common carotenoids. Its microbial origin enables scalable, controlled production with reduced environmental impact, aligning with the principles of the blue bioeconomy. The review integrates knowledge gaps, biotechnological strategies, and regulatory perspectives, proposing future research directions for SXT as a next-generation functional colorant. Ultimately, this work contributes to the development of safer and more sustainable ingredients with potential benefits for human health and the food industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 107883"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145474856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2025.107852
Ziwu Gao , Jinhua He , Dequan Zhang , Ruiyun Wu , Linggao Liu , Cheng Chang , Xinning Hou , Zhenyu Wang
The scientific rationale behind the health benefits of traditional broths is poorly understood. We hypothesized that nutrients in chicken broth self-assemble into functional micro/nanoparticles (MNPs) during cooking, with their physicochemical structure governing bioactivity. This study aimed to elucidate Beijing-you chicken broth's intrinsic "nutrient-structure-function" relationships. The stewed chicken broth was investigated for its nutrient component, in vitro digestibility, micro/nanoparticles (MNPs) structure, and bioactivity. Results demonstrated that prolonged stewing increased chicken broth's protein, lipid, and free amino acid contents and enhanced protein digestibility. Concurrently, self-assembled MNPs evolved from large irregular aggregates into smaller, homogeneous, and stable particles (1848.00–655.74 nm), a transition associated with reduced β-sheet content (35.73 %∼27.66 %). Notably, chicken broth with the highest protein digestibility exhibited optimal bioactivity in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), enhancing heat stress resistance, locomotion capacity, and energy metabolism (elevated Adenosine Triphosphate levels and Na+/K+-ATPase activity). Mechanistically, the chicken broth mitigated oxidative stress by reducing C. elegans reactive oxygen species levels and upregulating superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities. Untargeted metabolomics further identified its modulation of fatty acid β-oxidation and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathways. This work demonstrated that the bioactivity of chicken broth is critically dependent on the supramolecular structure of nutrient-rich MNPs formed during cooking, providing novel insights for rationally designing functional fluid foods.
{"title":"Revealing multi-component self-assembly: The nutrient-structure-function interplay of Beijing-you chicken broth-derived micro/nanoparticles in regulating bioactivity","authors":"Ziwu Gao , Jinhua He , Dequan Zhang , Ruiyun Wu , Linggao Liu , Cheng Chang , Xinning Hou , Zhenyu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.107852","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.107852","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The scientific rationale behind the health benefits of traditional broths is poorly understood. We hypothesized that nutrients in chicken broth self-assemble into functional micro/nanoparticles (MNPs) during cooking, with their physicochemical structure governing bioactivity. This study aimed to elucidate Beijing-you chicken broth's intrinsic \"nutrient-structure-function\" relationships. The stewed chicken broth was investigated for its nutrient component, <em>in vitro</em> digestibility, micro/nanoparticles (MNPs) structure, and bioactivity. Results demonstrated that prolonged stewing increased chicken broth's protein, lipid, and free amino acid contents and enhanced protein digestibility. Concurrently, self-assembled MNPs evolved from large irregular aggregates into smaller, homogeneous, and stable particles (1848.00–655.74 nm), a transition associated with reduced β-sheet content (35.73 %∼27.66 %). Notably, chicken broth with the highest protein digestibility exhibited optimal bioactivity in <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em> (<em>C. elegans</em>), enhancing heat stress resistance, locomotion capacity, and energy metabolism (elevated Adenosine Triphosphate levels and Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase activity). Mechanistically, the chicken broth mitigated oxidative stress by reducing <em>C. elegans</em> reactive oxygen species levels and upregulating superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities. Untargeted metabolomics further identified its modulation of fatty acid β-oxidation and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathways. This work demonstrated that the bioactivity of chicken broth is critically dependent on the supramolecular structure of nutrient-rich MNPs formed during cooking, providing novel insights for rationally designing functional fluid foods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 107852"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145474996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2025.107872
Ren Tao , Cong He , Liu Yaolong , Liu Chengli , Ruan Pengcheng , Wang Zixuan , Long Hao-yuan , Simone Ceccobelli , Hu Pengfei , Zeng Yan , Han Yanguo , Sun Yawang , E. Guang-xin
The global goat milk market has expanded rapidly, driven by its reputed hypoallergenic properties and associated health benefits. Here we present the first single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) atlas of somatic cells in mid-lactation Saanen goat milk, revealing cellular heterogeneity and immune-regulatory mechanisms. Analysis of 7276 high-quality cells from five biological replicates revealed seven populations: myofibroblasts, dendritic cells (DCs), epithelial cells (EPCs), monocytes, bone marrow-derived progenitor cells, neutrophils, and T cells. The proportion of EPCs varied markedly between individuals (23.18 %–94.09 %, p = 0.0295) and was positively correlated with somatic cell count (R = 0.6087, based on five biological replicates), suggesting a moderate association. Pseudotime analysis revealed two differentiation trajectories: high-epithelial samples (HPG; >80 % EPCs) were dominated by immune-cell- dominated, whereas low-epithelial samples (LPG; <60 % EPCs) primarily exhibited epithelial differentiation. Cell-cell communication analyses showed distinct signaling: SELL/CXCL-mediated immune pathways were activated in HPG, while TGF-β/SPP1 signaling—linked to cell migration and immune suppression—was upregulated in LPG. A total of 214 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Pro-inflammatory factors, such as SAA and PAEP, were enriched in HPG, whereas anti-inflammatory markers, including SERPIN B3 and C3, were elevated in LPG. Notably, casein genes (CSN1S2, CSN2, CSN3) were markedly upregulated in immune cells of HPG (T cells, monocytes and DCs). In conclusion, this work unveils a key cellular biomarker for milk quality, which is expected to guide the dairy industry towards producing safer and hypoallergenic goat milk products.
{"title":"Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of goat milk somatic cells highlights immune heterogeneity and epithelial cell-related networks","authors":"Ren Tao , Cong He , Liu Yaolong , Liu Chengli , Ruan Pengcheng , Wang Zixuan , Long Hao-yuan , Simone Ceccobelli , Hu Pengfei , Zeng Yan , Han Yanguo , Sun Yawang , E. Guang-xin","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.107872","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.107872","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global goat milk market has expanded rapidly, driven by its reputed hypoallergenic properties and associated health benefits. Here we present the first single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) atlas of somatic cells in mid-lactation Saanen goat milk, revealing cellular heterogeneity and immune-regulatory mechanisms. Analysis of 7276 high-quality cells from five biological replicates revealed seven populations: myofibroblasts, dendritic cells (DCs), epithelial cells (EPCs), monocytes, bone marrow-derived progenitor cells, neutrophils, and T cells. The proportion of EPCs varied markedly between individuals (23.18 %–94.09 %, <em>p</em> = 0.0295) and was positively correlated with somatic cell count (R = 0.6087, based on five biological replicates), suggesting a moderate association. Pseudotime analysis revealed two differentiation trajectories: high-epithelial samples (HPG; >80 % EPCs) were dominated by immune-cell- dominated, whereas low-epithelial samples (LPG; <60 % EPCs) primarily exhibited epithelial differentiation. Cell-cell communication analyses showed distinct signaling: SELL/CXCL-mediated immune pathways were activated in HPG, while TGF-β/SPP1 signaling—linked to cell migration and immune suppression—was upregulated in LPG. A total of 214 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Pro-inflammatory factors, such as <em>SAA</em> and <em>PAEP</em>, were enriched in HPG, whereas anti-inflammatory markers, including <em>SERPIN B3</em> and <em>C3</em>, were elevated in LPG. Notably, casein genes (<em>CSN1S2, CSN2</em>, <em>CSN3</em>) were markedly upregulated in immune cells of HPG (T cells, monocytes and DCs). In conclusion, this work unveils a key cellular biomarker for milk quality, which is expected to guide the dairy industry towards producing safer and hypoallergenic goat milk products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 107872"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145475042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号