Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.36586/jcl.2.2022.0.45.0394
N. Abid, Ghazwan Majeed Rasheed
The present study stresses two of the most significant aspects of linguistic approach: Pragmatics” and the “Speech Act Theory”, revealing its importance and the stages and levels of development through Hebrew language’s speech acts analysis including (political speech, the Holy Bible, Hebrew stories). Chronologically, Pragmatics has always been the center of linguists’ interests due to its importance in linguistic decryptions, particularly, through “Speech Act Theory” that has been initiated and developed by the most prominent philosophers and linguistics. The present study discloses that “Speech Act Theory” is the backbone of Pragmatics. This is due to the fact that its scope doesn’t only include the language message sender, but rather (the sender, the receiver, the environment, the context, and the speaker’s social standards and attitude of the language). Reflecting the social culture as well as the society standards and morals, “Speech Act Theory” can effortlessly facilitate grasping the message of the speaker’s intentions by the message receiver. תקציר המחקר הזה שופך אור על שני מושגים עיקריים בחקר הלשון "הפרגמטיקה" ו"פעולת־הדיבור" ועל תודלותיהם ושלבי התפתחותם דרך ניתוח פעולות הדיבור בלשון העברית בכל רבדיה ושלביה (השיח הפוליטי, התנ''ך, סיפורים עבריים). הפרגמטיקה עברה שלבים חשובים במרוצת הזמן. בימינו החוקרים התעניינו בגישה הזאת ובמיוחד בתחום התקשורת הלשוני משום שהיא מסייעת אותם בפענח המסרים בין השוחחים, באמצעות התיאוריה המרכזית בחקר הפרגמטיקה "תיאורית פעולת הדיבור", שהופיעה והתפתחה על ידי קבוצה של פילוסופים ובלשנים מפורסמים בחקר הלשוני. ממצאי המחקר מגלים כי תיאורית פעולת הדיבור היא הבת הבכורה של הפרגמטיקה, משום שהיא אינה מתעניינת אך ורק בדיבור המוען, אלא היא עברה לממדים אחרים כגון (מקבל הפעולה, הסביבה שמתרחשת בה הפעולה, ההקשר הלשוני והחוץ לשוני, נורמות החברה, מעמד הדובר והשומע... וכן הלאה). באמצעות התיאוריה הזאת אנו יכולים להבנת כוונותיו של הדובר כלפי הנמען, בנוסף לכך היא משקפת את התרבות החברתית של חברה מסוימת ואת נורמות המבנים החברתיים והמוסריים שלה.
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Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.36586/jcl.2.2022.0.45.0053
Anas Kh. Ibraheem
Many studies have been made and still concerning the field of translation. Since the mid-90's a considerable amount of researches has tackled the problem of gender and its effect on the process and the product of translation. Simon (1996, p 508) points out that when comparing women and men as translators and writers through history, women seem to be the weaker side. This paves the way to feminist movements which produce prominent studies concerning gender as a concept and translator's gender as practice on the quality and the accuracy of the translation. Flotow (in Meschia, 2012, p 1-4) outlines several issues that can be examined concerning gender and translation, these are historical studies, theoretical contemplations, translator's identity, post-colonial questions, and cultural questions. This research deals with two aspects of identity, i.e. gender: the gender of the translator (and its effect on the translation if there is any) and the gender of the evaluator of the translated text (and its effect if there is any). The aim of this paper is to find out whether there is any negative influence of the identity on the process and the product of translation. For this purpose, 40 students from the Department of Translation at Al-Ma'moon College University, in addition to 20 postgraduate, have been asked to assess and analyze through a questionnaire (that tackles the identity of both translator and evaluator) and an assessment of Shakespeare's Sonnet (no. 18) and four translated versions of it. The study remarkably shows that the gender-bias effect of the identity of the translator and the evaluator have an influence on students with 12.5% for undergraduate and 5% for postgraduate students. The majority of 87.5% and 95% believe that gender does not affect. This proves the research's hypothesis that there is a difference in the language of the two genders, yet it will not affect the gender of both of the translator and the evaluator.
关于翻译领域的研究已经有很多，而且还在继续。20世纪90年代中期以来，国内外学者对翻译过程和翻译结果中的性别问题进行了大量研究。Simon (1996, p 508)指出，当比较历史上作为翻译和作家的女性和男性时，女性似乎是较弱的一方。这为女权主义运动铺平了道路，女权主义运动产生了关于性别作为概念和译者性别作为实践对翻译质量和准确性的重要研究。Flotow(在Meschia, 2012年，第1-4页)概述了几个关于性别和翻译的问题，这些问题是历史研究，理论思考，译者的身份，后殖民问题和文化问题。本研究涉及认同的两个方面，即性别:译者的性别(及其对翻译的影响，如果有的话)和译文评价者的性别(及其影响，如果有的话)。本文的目的是要找出身份对翻译过程和翻译结果是否有负面影响。为此，来自Al-Ma'moon学院大学翻译系的40名学生和20名研究生被要求通过问卷调查(解决译者和评估者的身份问题)和对莎士比亚十四行诗的评估来评估和分析。18)和四个翻译版本。研究显著表明，译者和评估者身份的性别偏见效应对学生的影响在本科生和研究生中分别为12.5%和5%。87.5%和95%的人认为性别没有影响。这证明了研究的假设，即两性的语言存在差异，但这并不会影响译者和评价者的性别。
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Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.36586/jcl.2.2022.0.45.0108
Muafak M.J. Almusleh Al-Jubouri
Based on the German language department’s theoretical and practical aspects as well as educational programs, the present study discusses the semantic relations in text sentences and their role in the science of translation. Through clarifying the semantic relationship between the text sentence and the methods used to express a news item, a situation or an occurrence and through the statement of the multiple theoretical semantic structures of the text’s construction and interrelation, a translator can easily translate a text into the target language. It is known that language learners face multiple difficulties in writing and creating an integrated, coherent and intelligible text, and the reason for this is their lack of knowledge of semantic relations. Deutsch In dieser Forschungsarbeit gehen die folgenden theoretischen Ausführungen im Zusammenhang mit bestimmten didaktischen Bemerkungen, die im Laufe des Lehrprozesses aufgetreten sind, der Frage der semantischen Relationen in Satzperspektiven nach. Berücksichtigt wurde dabei überdies das Lehrprogramm in der irakischen Germanistikabteilung. Daher besteht das Hauptpostulat dieser wissenschaftlichen Abhandlung in dem Versuch, dieses sprachliche Phänomen im Übersetzen und dessen vielseitige Varianten darzulegen sowie dessen Anwendbarkeit in den Verhandlungen, im praktischen Leben und im Umgang mit den ausländischen Firmen etc. zu klären.
本研究从德语系的理论和实践以及教学计划出发，探讨语篇句子中的语义关系及其在翻译科学中的作用。通过明确语篇句子与表达新闻、情景或事件的方法之间的语义关系，通过对语篇结构和相互关系的多种理论语义结构的陈述，译者可以轻松地将语篇翻译成目的语。众所周知，语言学习者在写作和创造一个完整的、连贯的、可理解的文本时面临着多重困难，其原因是他们缺乏对语义关系的认识。Deutsch在这位Forschungsarbeit死到folgenden theoretischen Ausfuhrungen im Zusammenhang麻省理工学院bestimmten didaktischen Bemerkungen,死im Laufe des Lehrprozesses aufgetreten信德,der Frage der semantischen Relationen Satzperspektiven去。bercksichtigt wurde dabei berdies das lehrprogram in der irakischen Germanistikabteilung。在Verhandlungen，在praktischen lebenen，在Umgang mit, ausländischen Firmen等zuklären，在Verhandlungen，在Verhandlungen，在praktischen lebenen，在Umgang，在ausländischen Firmen等zuklären。
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Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.36586/jcl.2.2021.0.44.0188
Wisam Saad Kamal, Abeer Hussein Abid
The present paper focuses on studying a rhetorical form often used in Spanish linguistic discourse .It also examines the study two sides (theoretical and practical), the concept of metaphor, the most important modern school that deals with this issue, the development of this technique and its relationship with other intellectual ideologies, and the role metaphor plays in interpreting the meaning of the linguistic discourse especially in conveying political message. The study allows the formulation and the creation of a conceptual picture for the purposes of metaphor in the linguistic discourse used in Spanish press. It investigates discursive models from the Spanish press, like the speeches of Mr. (Louis Bassets) the Spanish writer in the Spanish newspaper (El Pais), (the electronic version). The study includes an analysis of metaphorical formulas in all fields of life such as (sports, the animal world, the machine, the force or military field ... etc. or any other fields from which the linguistic metaphors are taken). The conclusion sums up the findings drawn from the study, and then the references section contains scientific and journalistic sources. Nuestra investigación se centra en el estudio de una forma retórica del uso frecuente en los discursos lingüísticos que encontramos en textos escritos en español. Nuestro trabajo de investigación aborda también las dos partes (teórica y práctica), así como explicar el concepto de la metáfora. La escuela moderna más importante que se ha ocupado de este tema es el desarrollo de esta ciencia y sus relaciones con otras ideologías intelectuales, destacando el papel de la metáfora en la interpretación del significado de un discurso lingüístico de emisor de un mensaje político. Este estudio permite hacer un cuadro conceptual a efectos de metáfora en el discurso lingüístico utilizado en la prensa en España. Durante nuestra investigación estudiaremos modelos retóricos de la prensa española, concretamente los discursos del escritor en el diario español El País, (Lluís Bassets), el escritor en la página de opinión (versión electrónica) y publicados en el servicio de Interne que incluirá un análisis de fórmulas metafóricas en todos los campos o dimensiones de la vida como el mundo del deporte, el mundo animal, la máquina, la fuerza, o del campo militar, etc. La investigación concluye con una conclusión que incluye los resultados extraídos de la investigación, y la confirmación de las fuentes prácticas y periodísticas del estudio.
本文着重研究了西班牙语语篇中常用的一种修辞形式，并探讨了研究的两个方面(理论和实践)，隐喻的概念，处理这一问题的最重要的现代学派，隐喻技术的发展及其与其他知识分子意识形态的关系，隐喻在解释语言话语的意义，特别是在传达政治信息方面所起的作用。本研究允许在西班牙语语篇中以隐喻为目的的概念图景的形成和创造。它研究了西班牙媒体的话语模式，比如西班牙作家路易斯·巴塞特(Louis Bassets)先生在西班牙报纸《国家报》(El Pais)(电子版)上的演讲。这项研究包括对生活中所有领域的隐喻公式的分析，如体育、动物世界、机器、力量或军事领域……等等，或者任何其他可以获得语言隐喻的领域)。结论总结了从研究中得出的发现，然后参考文献部分包含科学和新闻来源。Nuestra investigación se centra en el estudio de una forma retórica del uso freente en los discourse lingüísticos que encontramos en textos escritos en español。关于investigación人力资源管理和人力资源管理的新信息(teórica y práctica)， así como明确了关于metáfora的概念。La escuela moderna más important que se has ocupado de estesttema es el desarrollo de estestciencia by sus relaciones concontres ideologías知识分子，destacando el el el el el el el de metáfora en La interpretación del significado de un discourse lingüístico de emisor de un mensaje político。Este estustudio允许hacer un cuadro concept and effects de metáfora en el discourse lingüístico utilitzado en la prensa en España。杜兰特nuestra称investigacion秘鲁estudiaremos莫德罗retoricos de la prensa诺拉concretamente洛杉矶discursos del escritor en el diario西班牙的《国家报》(Lluis露出),el escritor en la pagina de意见(电子版本)y publicados en el servicio de实习医师,incluira联合国分析德公式metaforicas en todos维阿洛坎波斯de la vida科莫世界报del deporte世界报动物,关系变化,la fuerza o del campo militar等等。La investigación conconuna conclusión que包括los resultados extraídos de La investigación, y La confirmación de las fuentes prácticas y periodísticas del estudio。
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Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.36586/jcl.2.2021.0.44.0072
Huda Kadhim Alwan
The United States government allowed Native Americans to abandon their reservations in the 1950s and 1960s. The historical, social, and cultural backgrounds shaped the forms and themes of works by American Indian writers who urged people to refuse their culture's sense of shame. Moreover, their behavior corresponded with the restoration of individuals to their rituals after disappointment, loss of sense of life, and mental illness performed from the influence of mainstream American society. Among these writers, N. Scott Momaday and Leslie Marmon Silko participate in similar interest in portraying characters caught between indigenous beliefs and white mainstream standards. The construction of national identity in the first modernist Native American Novel, House Made of Dawn (1968) by N. Scott Momaday is tackled in this research. This novel illustrates the healing tale of a young Native American man who, after his return from military service in World War II, suffers from spiritual and psychological illness. The protagonist is isolated from his parents due to his traumatic experience of a foreign war and his problematic genealogy that stems from the orphanage. He is isolated from the land that offers his identity and his culture. In order to gain a consistent sense of identity with the aid of oral traditions and ancient ceremonials of Navajo and pueblo cultures, he begins a ritualistic journey that ultimately leads him to reintegrate with his people and culture. This research illustrates how the construction of national identity is a critical theme for American Indians and contemporary Native American authors.
{"title":"The Construction of a National Identification in the Novel of N. Scott Momaday House Made of Dawn","authors":"Huda Kadhim Alwan","doi":"10.36586/jcl.2.2021.0.44.0072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2021.0.44.0072","url":null,"abstract":"The United States government allowed Native Americans to abandon their reservations in the 1950s and 1960s. The historical, social, and cultural backgrounds shaped the forms and themes of works by American Indian writers who urged people to refuse their culture's sense of shame. Moreover, their behavior corresponded with the restoration of individuals to their rituals after disappointment, loss of sense of life, and mental illness performed from the influence of mainstream American society. Among these writers, N. Scott Momaday and Leslie Marmon Silko participate in similar interest in portraying characters caught between indigenous beliefs and white mainstream standards. The construction of national identity in the first modernist Native American Novel, House Made of Dawn (1968) by N. Scott Momaday is tackled in this research. This novel illustrates the healing tale of a young Native American man who, after his return from military service in World War II, suffers from spiritual and psychological illness. The protagonist is isolated from his parents due to his traumatic experience of a foreign war and his problematic genealogy that stems from the orphanage. He is isolated from the land that offers his identity and his culture. In order to gain a consistent sense of identity with the aid of oral traditions and ancient ceremonials of Navajo and pueblo cultures, he begins a ritualistic journey that ultimately leads him to reintegrate with his people and culture. This research illustrates how the construction of national identity is a critical theme for American Indians and contemporary Native American authors.","PeriodicalId":125897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the College of languages","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130681110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.36586/jcl.2.2021.0.44.0234
Muthana Abdulsada Radhi, Ali A. Hadi Al-Araji
The article examines the definition of the verb in the form of the imperative mood (imperative) _ general information about the verb in Russian . A verb in Russian is one of the parts of speech that unify all parts of speech, expressing the meaning of action, movement, process in grammatical forms of time, type, mood, face and voice. The imperative mood is a grammatical feature of the verb expressed through several forms of the verb that urges someone to do things. In other words, imperative mood or (imperative) : - one of the single meaning of the form . The form of the imperative expresses a supplication, order, advice, etc. With the support of the imperative form, the communicator states his own desire , so that in this case another process should be carried out by someone else to fulfill the communicator desire. (go away!) , for example, Or, (Don't go away!). В статье обьяснится определение глагола в форме повелительного наклонения (императива) _ общая сведения о глаголе на русском языке . Глаголом на русском языке является один из частей речи , который объединяет все слова , выражающий значение действия , движения, процесса в грамматических формах времени , вида , наклонения , лица и залога . Повелительное наклонение - это грамматическая особенность глагола , которая выражается через несколько форм глагола , которое кто-то побуждает совершенить дела . И другими словами Повелительное наклонение или (императив ) : - одино с значений группы наклонения . Форма императива выражает мольбу, приказ , совет и т. д . Со поддержкой императива сообщающий информирует об собственном желании , для того чтобы в таком случае либо другое процесс существовало осуществлено кем-в таком случае (Уходи!) либо , напротив , никак не проделывалось (Никак Не уходи!) .
本文以祈使句(祈使句)的形式考察了动词的定义——俄语动词的一般信息。俄语中的动词是统一所有词类的词类之一，以时间、类型、语气、表情和声音等语法形式表达动作、运动、过程的意义。祈使句是动词的一种语法特征，它通过动词的几种形式来表达，以敦促某人做某事。换句话说，祈使语气或(祈使):-单一意思的形式之一。祈使句的形式表达恳求、命令、劝告等。在祈使句的支持下，传播者陈述了自己的愿望，因此在这种情况下，另一个过程应该由别人来执行，以实现传播者的愿望。(go away!)，例如，或者，(Don't go away!)Встатьеобьяснитсяопределениеглаголавформеповелительногонаклонения(императива)_общаясведенияоглаголенарусскомязыке。Глаголомнарусскомязыкеявляетсяодинизчастейреч,икоторыйобъединяетвсеслова,выражающийзначениедействия,движения,процессавграмматическихформахвремени,вида,наклонения,лицаизалога。Повелительноенаклонени——эетограмматическаяособенностьглагола,котораявыражаетсячерезнесколькоформглагола,котороекто——топобуждаетсовершенитьдела。ИдругимисловамиПовелительноенаклонениеили(императив):——одиносзначенийгруппынаклонения。Формаимперативавыражаетмольбу,приказ,советит。д。Соподдержкойимперативасообщающийинформируетобсобственномжелани,идлятогочтобывтакомслучаелибодругоепроцесссуществовалоосуществленокем——втакомслучае(Уходи!)либо,напротив,никакнепроделывалось(НикакНеуходи!)。
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Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.36586/jcl.2.2021.0.44.0119
Duaa Khalid Hamid, Lubna Hussein Salman
The implicit is the narrative technique used to give indirect hidden messages. To read between the lines means to understand the implicit meaning that is not directly indicated. This technique is expressed in two forms: the hypothesis and the implications of linguistic and non-linguistic rules. Nathalie Sarraute’s "Pour un oui ou pour un non" states this narrative method through her character’s verbal and non-verbal dialogue. The present paper discusses the implicit method and shows the reason behind which the author uses it in her play "Pour un oui ou pour un non". L'implicite est une façon de parler indirectement dont les locuteurs utilise afin de faire entendre ou laisser entendre des messages cachés dans le but de ne pas s'exprimer directement et de laisser les coénonciateurs capter ces informations cachées. Dans ce cas-là, l'interlocuteur a besoin de lire entre les lignes pour savoir les vraies intentions du locuteur. D'ailleurs, l'implicite se manifeste sous deux formes : les présupposés et sous-entendus qui obéissent aux règles linguistiques et extralinguistiques. "Pour un oui ou pour un non" de Nathalie Sarraute a incarné ce concept à partir les échanges verbaux et non verbaux de ses personnages. Cette recherche vise à montrer comment les implicites sont utilisés dans pour un oui ou un non et pour quelles raisons.
隐式是用来传递间接隐藏信息的叙事技术。知道To read between the lines means the相反。that is not clairs直接里住。This is in two forms状告技术:假设and the of语言含义non-linguistic rules。Nathalie sarraute的《for un yes or for un no》通过她角色的语言和非语言对话阐述了这种叙事方法。本文讨论了隐式方法，并展示了作者在“是或否”游戏中使用隐式方法的原因。隐式是一种间接的说话方式，说话者使用它来传达或暗示隐藏的信息，目的是不直接表达自己，并让共同说话者捕捉这些隐藏的信息。在这种情况下，说话者需要读懂字里行间的意思，才能知道说话者的真正意图。此外，隐含有两种形式:前提和隐含，它们遵循语言和语言外规则。Nathalie Sarraute的《Pour un yes ou Pour un non》通过角色的语言和非语言交流体现了这一概念。本研究旨在说明在“是”或“否”中如何使用隐含词，以及原因。
{"title":"Hidden messages in (Pour un oui ou pour un non) of Nathalie Sarraute ( Les messages cachés dans \"Pour un oui ou pour un non\" de Nathalie Sarraute)","authors":"Duaa Khalid Hamid, Lubna Hussein Salman","doi":"10.36586/jcl.2.2021.0.44.0119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2021.0.44.0119","url":null,"abstract":"The implicit is the narrative technique used to give indirect hidden messages. To read between the lines means to understand the implicit meaning that is not directly indicated. This technique is expressed in two forms: the hypothesis and the implications of linguistic and non-linguistic rules. Nathalie Sarraute’s \"Pour un oui ou pour un non\" states this narrative method through her character’s verbal and non-verbal dialogue. The present paper discusses the implicit method and shows the reason behind which the author uses it in her play \"Pour un oui ou pour un non\". L'implicite est une façon de parler indirectement dont les locuteurs utilise afin de faire entendre ou laisser entendre des messages cachés dans le but de ne pas s'exprimer directement et de laisser les coénonciateurs capter ces informations cachées. Dans ce cas-là, l'interlocuteur a besoin de lire entre les lignes pour savoir les vraies intentions du locuteur. D'ailleurs, l'implicite se manifeste sous deux formes : les présupposés et sous-entendus qui obéissent aux règles linguistiques et extralinguistiques. \"Pour un oui ou pour un non\" de Nathalie Sarraute a incarné ce concept à partir les échanges verbaux et non verbaux de ses personnages. Cette recherche vise à montrer comment les implicites sont utilisés dans pour un oui ou un non et pour quelles raisons.","PeriodicalId":125897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the College of languages","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133739534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.36586/jcl.2.2021.0.44.0001
Raid Muhammad Jasim, Sabah S. Mustafa
Manipulation is a discursive concept which plays a key role in political discourse by which politicians can impose some impact on their recipients through using linguistic features, most prominent of which are personal pronouns (Van Dijk, 1995). The aim of this study is to investigate how politicians utilize the personal pronouns, namely; We and I and their possessive forms as a tool of manipulating the audience's mind based on Van Dijk's "ideological square" which shows positive-self representation and negative-other representation (Van Dijk,1998:p.69). To this end, American President Donald Trump's 2020 State of the Union speech was chosen to be the data of analysis. Only (8) examples out of (226) extracts of his speech involving the use the personal pronouns along with their indications were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Results reveal that Trump uses these pronouns to exercise an ideological influence on his audience, basically to present himself positively. The study concludes that Trump strategically uses personal pronouns as a functional indication of collectivity, nationalism, and direct/shared responsibility. Findings might help linguists and political analysts to understand how politicians have the ability to exploit the linguistic characteristics in their language to fulfill their ends manipulatively.
{"title":"English Personal Pronouns as a Manipulation Strategy in Political Discourse: A Critical Discourse Analysis","authors":"Raid Muhammad Jasim, Sabah S. Mustafa","doi":"10.36586/jcl.2.2021.0.44.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2021.0.44.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Manipulation is a discursive concept which plays a key role in political discourse by which politicians can impose some impact on their recipients through using linguistic features, most prominent of which are personal pronouns (Van Dijk, 1995). The aim of this study is to investigate how politicians utilize the personal pronouns, namely; We and I and their possessive forms as a tool of manipulating the audience's mind based on Van Dijk's \"ideological square\" which shows positive-self representation and negative-other representation (Van Dijk,1998:p.69). To this end, American President Donald Trump's 2020 State of the Union speech was chosen to be the data of analysis. Only (8) examples out of (226) extracts of his speech involving the use the personal pronouns along with their indications were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Results reveal that Trump uses these pronouns to exercise an ideological influence on his audience, basically to present himself positively. The study concludes that Trump strategically uses personal pronouns as a functional indication of collectivity, nationalism, and direct/shared responsibility. Findings might help linguists and political analysts to understand how politicians have the ability to exploit the linguistic characteristics in their language to fulfill their ends manipulatively.","PeriodicalId":125897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the College of languages","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121082047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.36586/jcl.2.2021.0.44.0300
Mohammed Akif Almohadawi, Hisham Ali Hussain
Political terminology differs from any other type of terminology not only in the presence of political terminology, but also in content, structure, functions and the recipient who perceives it. Taking this into account, it is inappropriate to consider the semantic difficulties of translating Russian-language political terms solely at the semantic level. In our opinion, it is inextricably linked with the lexical, syntactic and grammatical levels. If we combine all 4 levels, then the following translation techniques can be distinguished: lexical borrowing (transcription / transliteration, tracing); modulation; generalization / concretization; omission / addition; descriptive translation; conversion [Komissarov 2013]. One of the most common methods to replenish the lexical composition of the language is foreign language borrowing. The process of borrowing foreign words into any recipient language is due to a complex of lingual and extra-lingual factors, the level of speech development and its structure, the completeness of the vocabulary in the recipient language [Srebryanskaya, 2020]. Политическая терминология отличается от любого другого вида терминологии не только наличием политических терминосистем, но и содержанием, структурой, функциями и реципиентом, который ее воспринимает. Учитывая это, нецелесообразно рассматривать семантические трудности перевода русскоязычных политических терминов исключительно на семантическом уровне. По нашему мнению, он неразрывно связан с лексическим, синтаксическим и грамматическим уровнями. Если объединить все 4 уровня, то можно выделить следующие переводческие приемы: лексическое заимствование (транскрипция / транслитерация, калькирование);модуляция; генерализация / конкретизация; опущение / добавление; описательный перевод; конверсия [Комиссаров 2013]. Одним из самых распространенных способов пополнения лексического состава языка является иноязычные заимствование. Процесс заимствования иностранных слов в любой язык-реципиент обусловлен сложным комплексом лингвальных и экстралингвальных факторов, уровнем развития речи и ее структурой, полнотой словарного запаса в языке-реципиенте [Сребрянская, 2020].
{"title":"Translation Techniques In Reproducing The Semantics Of Russian Political Terms(Переводческие Приемы В Воспроизведении Семантики Русскоязычных Политических Терминов )","authors":"Mohammed Akif Almohadawi, Hisham Ali Hussain","doi":"10.36586/jcl.2.2021.0.44.0300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2021.0.44.0300","url":null,"abstract":"Political terminology differs from any other type of terminology not only in the presence of political terminology, but also in content, structure, functions and the recipient who perceives it. Taking this into account, it is inappropriate to consider the semantic difficulties of translating Russian-language political terms solely at the semantic level. In our opinion, it is inextricably linked with the lexical, syntactic and grammatical levels. If we combine all 4 levels, then the following translation techniques can be distinguished: lexical borrowing (transcription / transliteration, tracing); modulation; generalization / concretization; omission / addition; descriptive translation; conversion [Komissarov 2013]. One of the most common methods to replenish the lexical composition of the language is foreign language borrowing. The process of borrowing foreign words into any recipient language is due to a complex of lingual and extra-lingual factors, the level of speech development and its structure, the completeness of the vocabulary in the recipient language [Srebryanskaya, 2020]. Политическая терминология отличается от любого другого вида терминологии не только наличием политических терминосистем, но и содержанием, структурой, функциями и реципиентом, который ее воспринимает. Учитывая это, нецелесообразно рассматривать семантические трудности перевода русскоязычных политических терминов исключительно на семантическом уровне. По нашему мнению, он неразрывно связан с лексическим, синтаксическим и грамматическим уровнями. Если объединить все 4 уровня, то можно выделить следующие переводческие приемы: лексическое заимствование (транскрипция / транслитерация, калькирование);модуляция; генерализация / конкретизация; опущение / добавление; описательный перевод; конверсия [Комиссаров 2013]. Одним из самых распространенных способов пополнения лексического состава языка является иноязычные заимствование. Процесс заимствования иностранных слов в любой язык-реципиент обусловлен сложным комплексом лингвальных и экстралингвальных факторов, уровнем развития речи и ее структурой, полнотой словарного запаса в языке-реципиенте [Сребрянская, 2020].","PeriodicalId":125897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the College of languages","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114351902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.36586/jcl.2.2021.0.44.0269
H. Khalil
Maxim Gorky’s Mother is one of the most important literary genre in social realism, in which he depicts female characters with revolutionary fervor and enthusiasm, projecting his social ideologies and dreams. Though the novel unique importance lies in the fact that it has been thoroughly analyzed by many writers, historians and sociologists, there are almost no studies devoted to the role of women out of a Marxist and feminist point of view. The present paper sheds light on the Russian woman‘s important role in overcoming all adversity and gain her position on Social Realism. Одно из центральных мест среди произведений, написанных в таком литературном жанре, как социалистический реализм, занимает произведение Максима Горького "Мать", в котором он изображал женские персонажи с революционным задором и энтузиазмом, проецируя через них свои социалистические мысли и мечты. Актуальность данной работы заключается в том, что произведение Горького "Мать" было анализировано многими литераторами, историками и социологами, однако почти отсутствуют исследования, посвящённые революционной роли женщин с марксистской и феминистской точки зрения. В заключении делается вывод о том, что Максим Горький в романе "Мать" дал чёткий портрет русской женщине в рамках социалистического реализма, которая смогла преодолеть все невзгоды, переродиться и стать полноправным членом общества.
{"title":"Socialist Realism And The Situation Of Women In Society In The Works Of Maxim Gorky \"Mother\" (Социалистический Реализм И Положение Женщины В Обществе В Произведении Максима Горького \"Мать\")","authors":"H. Khalil","doi":"10.36586/jcl.2.2021.0.44.0269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2021.0.44.0269","url":null,"abstract":"Maxim Gorky’s Mother is one of the most important literary genre in social realism, in which he depicts female characters with revolutionary fervor and enthusiasm, projecting his social ideologies and dreams. Though the novel unique importance lies in the fact that it has been thoroughly analyzed by many writers, historians and sociologists, there are almost no studies devoted to the role of women out of a Marxist and feminist point of view. The present paper sheds light on the Russian woman‘s important role in overcoming all adversity and gain her position on Social Realism. Одно из центральных мест среди произведений, написанных в таком литературном жанре, как социалистический реализм, занимает произведение Максима Горького \"Мать\", в котором он изображал женские персонажи с революционным задором и энтузиазмом, проецируя через них свои социалистические мысли и мечты. Актуальность данной работы заключается в том, что произведение Горького \"Мать\" было анализировано многими литераторами, историками и социологами, однако почти отсутствуют исследования, посвящённые революционной роли женщин с марксистской и феминистской точки зрения. В заключении делается вывод о том, что Максим Горький в романе \"Мать\" дал чёткий портрет русской женщине в рамках социалистического реализма, которая смогла преодолеть все невзгоды, переродиться и стать полноправным членом общества.","PeriodicalId":125897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the College of languages","volume":"188 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115725388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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