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Age as a limiting factor for effectiveness of photostimulation of brain drainage and cognitive functions.
IF 4.1 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-025-00149-3
Terskov Andrey, Shirokov Alexander, Blokhina Inna, Zlatogorskaya Daria, Adushkina Viktoria, Semiachkina-Glushkovskaia Anastasiia, Atul Kumar, Fedosov Ivan, Evsukova Arina, Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya Oxana

The progressive number of old adults with cognitive impairment worldwide and the lack of effective pharmacologic therapies require the development of non-pharmacologic strategies. The photobiomodulation (PBM) is a promising method in prevention of early or mild age-related cognitive impairments. However, it remains unclear the efficacy of PBM for old patients with significant age-related cognitive dysfunction. In our study on male mice, we show a gradual increase in the brain amyloid beta (Aβ) levels and a decrease in brain drainage with age, which, however, is associated with a decline in cognitive function only in old (24 months of age) mice but not in middle-aged (12 months of age) and young (3 month of age) animals. These age-related features are accompanied by the development of hyperplasia of the meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) in old mice underlying the decrease in brain drainage. PBM improves cognitive training exercises and Aβ clearance only in young and middle-aged mice, while old animals are not sensitive to PBM. These results clearly demonstrate that the PBM effects on cognitive function are correlated with age-mediated changes in the MLV network and may be effective if the MLV function is preserved. These findings expand fundamental knowledge about age differences in the effectiveness of PBM for improvement of cognitive functions and Aβ clearance as well as about the lymphatic mechanisms responsible for age decline in sensitivity to the therapeutic PBM effects.

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引用次数: 0
Improved vacuum-evaporated blue perovskite light-emitting diodes with phenethylammonium chloride and guanidinium bromide synergistic post-processing modification.
IF 4.1 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-025-00152-8
Liang Sun, Xiping He, Zhiyuan He, Feihu Zhang, Chencheng Peng, Ben Chen, Runda Guo, Lei Wang

Metal halide perovskites have become one of the most competitive new-generation optoelectronic materials due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. Vacuum evaporation can produce high-purity and large-area films, leading to the wide application of this method in the semiconductor industry and optoelectronics field. However, the electroluminescent performance of vacuum-evaporated perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) still lags behind those counterparts fabricated by solution methods. Herein, based on vacuum evaporation, 3D perovskite films are obtained by three-source co-evaporation. Considering the unique quantum well structure of quasi-2D perovskite can significantly enhance the exciton binding energy and improve the radiative recombination rate, leading to a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). Subsequently, the highly stable and low-defect-density quasi-2D perovskite is introduced into 3D perovskite films through post-treatment with phenethylammonium chloride (PEACl). To minimize the degradation of film quality caused by PEACl treatment, a layer of guanidinium bromide (GABr) is vacuum evaporated on top of PEACl treatment to further improve the quality of emitting layer. Finally, under the synergistic post-processing modification of PEACl and GABr, blue PeLEDs with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 6.09% and a maximum brightness of 1325 cd/m2 are successfully obtained. This work deepens the understanding of 2D/3D heterojunctions and provides a new approach to construct PeLEDs with high performance.

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引用次数: 0
Numerical study of terahertz radiation from N-polar AlGaN/GaN HEMT under asymmetric boundaries.
IF 4.1 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-025-00148-4
Runxian Xing, Hongyang Guo, Bohan Guo, Guohao Yu, Ping Zhang, Jia'an Zhou, An Yang, Yu Li, Chunfeng Hao, Huixin Yue, Zhongming Zeng, Xinping Zhang, Baoshun Zhang

In this paper, we have studied the electrical excitation of plasma-wave in N-polar AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMT) under asymmetric boundaries leads to terahertz emission. Numerical calculations are conducted through the simultaneous solution of Maxwell's equations and the self-consistent hydrodynamic model. By employing this method, we solved the plasma-wave model in the channel of an N-polar AlGaN/GaN HEMT. We estimate that, under ideal boundary conditions and with sufficient channel mobility, these devices could generate milliwatts of power. The effects of different GaN channel layer thickness, carrier concentration, gate length and channel carrier velocity on plasma wave oscillation and terahertz radiation in N-polar AlGaN/GaN HEMT are considered. These simulation results based on Dyakonov-Shur instability provide guidance for the future design of high-radiation-power on-chip terahertz sources based on N-polar AlGaN/GaN HEMTs.

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引用次数: 0
Performance optimization of planar photonic crystal bound states in the continuum cavities: mitigating finite-size effects.
IF 4.1 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-025-00147-5
Ran Hao, Bilin Ye, Jinhong Xu, Yonggang Zou

Bound states in the continuum (BICs) offer a promising solution to achieving high-quality factor (Q factor) cavities. However, finite-size effects severely deteriorate the BIC mode in practical applications. This paper reports the experimental demonstration of an electrically pumped 940 nm laser based on optimized BIC cavity, achieving a high Q factor of up to 1.18 × 10 4 even with finite photonic crystal footprint, which is two orders of magnitude larger than un-optimized BIC design. Two strategies have been systematically investigated to mitigate finite-size effects: reflective photonic crystal cavity design and graded photonic crystal cavity design. Both methods significantly improve the Q factor, demonstrating the effectiveness of preserving BIC characteristics in finite-sized photonic crystal cavities. In addition, the reflective boundary photonic crystal design is fabricated and experimentally characterized to demonstrate its lasing characteristics. The fabricated laser exhibits single-mode operation with a signal-to-noise ratio of 38.6 dB. These results pave the way for future designs of BICs with finite size in real applications, promoting the performance of BIC-based integrated lasers.

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引用次数: 0
Effect of terahertz radiation on cells and cellular structures.
IF 4.1 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-024-00146-y
A P Rytik, V V Tuchin

The paper presents the results of modern research on the effects of electromagnetic terahertz radiation in the frequency range 0.5-100 THz at different levels of power density and exposure time on the viability of normal and cancer cells. As an accompanying tool for monitoring the effect of radiation on biological cells and tissues, spectroscopic research methods in the terahertz frequency range are described, and attention is focused on the possibility of using the spectra of interstitial water as a marker of pathological processes. The problem of the safety of terahertz radiation for the human body from the point of view of its effect on the structures and systems of biological cells is also considered.

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引用次数: 0
Laser speckle contrast imaging with principal component and entropy analysis: a novel approach for depth-independent blood flow assessment. 基于主成分和熵分析的激光散斑对比成像:一种与深度无关的血流评估新方法。
IF 4.1 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-024-00143-1
Yu Surkov, P Timoshina, I Serebryakova, D Stavtcev, I Kozlov, G Piavchenko, I Meglinski, A Konovalov, D Telyshev, S Kuznetcov, E Genina, V Tuchin

Current study presents an advanced method for improving the visualization of subsurface blood vessels using laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), enhanced through principal component analysis (PCA) filtering. By combining LSCI and laser speckle entropy imaging with PCA filtering, the method effectively separates static and dynamic components of the speckle signal, significantly improving the accuracy of blood flow assessments, even in the presence of static scattering layers located above and below the vessel. Experiments conducted on optical phantoms, with the vessel depths ranging from 0.6 to 2 mm, and in vivo studies on a laboratory mouse ear demonstrate substantial improvements in image contrast and resolution. The method's sensitivity to blood flow velocity within the physiologic range (0.98-19.66 mm/s) is significantly enhanced, while its sensitivity to vessel depth is minimized. These results highlight the method's ability to assess blood flow velocity independently of vessel depth, overcoming a major limitation of conventional LSCI techniques. The proposed approach holds great potential for non-invasive biomedical imaging, offering improved diagnostic accuracy and contrast in vascular imaging. These findings may be particularly valuable for advancing the use of LSCI in clinical diagnostics and biomedical research, where high precision in blood flow monitoring is essential.

目前,研究人员提出了一种先进的方法,通过主成分分析(PCA)滤波增强激光散斑对比成像(LSCI)来改善地下血管的可视化。该方法将LSCI和激光散斑熵成像与PCA滤波相结合,有效地分离了散斑信号的静态和动态分量,即使在血管上下存在静态散射层的情况下,也能显著提高血流评估的准确性。在光学幻影上进行的实验,血管深度范围从0.6到2mm,以及在实验室小鼠耳朵上的体内研究表明,图像对比度和分辨率有了实质性的改善。该方法对生理范围内(0.98 ~ 19.66 mm/s)血流速度的敏感性显著提高,而对血管深度的敏感性降低。这些结果突出了该方法独立于血管深度评估血流速度的能力,克服了传统LSCI技术的一个主要限制。该方法在非侵入性生物医学成像中具有很大的潜力,可以提高血管成像的诊断准确性和对比度。这些发现对于推进LSCI在临床诊断和生物医学研究中的应用可能特别有价值,在这些领域,高精度的血流监测是必不可少的。
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引用次数: 0
Optical logic array: a photonic solution towards universal computing. 光学逻辑阵列:面向通用计算的光子解决方案。
IF 4.1 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-12-25 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-024-00145-z
Lu Fang
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引用次数: 0
Mueller matrix polarimetry for quantitative evaluation of the Achilles tendon injury recovery. 穆勒矩阵偏振法定量评价跟腱损伤恢复。
IF 4.1 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-024-00142-2
Huibin Yang, Minhui Xu, Honghui He, Nan Zeng, Jiawei Song, Tongyu Huang, Ziyang Liang, Hui Ma

Achilles tendon injuries, as a widely existing disease, have attracted a lot of research interest. Mueller matrix polarimetry, as a novel label-free quantitative imaging method, has been widely used in various applications of lesion identification and pathological diagnosis. However, focusing on the recovery process of Achilles tendon injuries, current optical imaging methods have not yet achieved the label-free precise identification and quantitative evaluation. In this study, using Mueller matrix polarimetry, various Achilles tendon injury samples were characterized specifically, and the efficacy of different recovery schemes was evaluated accordingly. Experiments indicate that injured Achilles tendons show less phase retardance, larger diattenuation, and relatively disordered orientation. The combination of experiments with Monte Carlo simulation results illustrate the microscopic mechanism of the Achilles tendon recovery process from three aspects, that is, the increased fiber diameter, a more consistent fiber orientation, and greater birefringence induced by more collagen protein. Finally, based on the statistical distribution of polarization measurements, a polarization specific characterization parameter was extracted to construct a label-free image, which cannot only intuitively show the injury and recovery of Achilles tendon samples, but also give a quantitative evaluation of the treatment.

跟腱损伤作为一种广泛存在的疾病,引起了人们的广泛研究兴趣。穆勒矩阵偏振测量法作为一种新型的无标记定量成像方法,已被广泛应用于病变识别和病理诊断的各个领域。然而,针对跟腱损伤的恢复过程,目前的光学成像方法尚未实现无标记的精确识别和定量评价。本研究利用穆勒矩阵偏振法对各种跟腱损伤样本进行了特异性鉴定,并对不同恢复方案的功效进行了相应的评估。实验表明,受伤的跟腱显示出较小的相位延迟、较大的衰减和相对无序的取向。实验与蒙特卡洛模拟结果相结合,从三个方面说明了跟腱恢复过程的微观机制,即纤维直径增大、纤维取向更一致以及胶原蛋白增多导致双折射增大。最后,根据偏振测量值的统计分布,提取了偏振特异性表征参数,构建了无标记图像,不仅直观地显示了跟腱样本的损伤和恢复情况,还对治疗进行了定量评估。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of the homotopy stability perturbation on physical variations of non-local opto-electronic semiconductor materials. 同伦稳定性扰动对非局域光电半导体材料物理变化的影响。
IF 4.1 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-024-00141-3
A El-Dali, Mohamed I A Othman

In the current work, we investigate a novel technique specialized in stability perturbation theory to analyze the primary variations such as thermal, carrier, elastic, and mechanical waves in photothermal theory. The interface of the non-local semiconductor material is utilized to study the stability analysis. The problem is established using a 1D opto-electronic-thermoelastic deformation in the context of the photo-thermoelasticity (PTE) framework. The Laplace transform method is used to convert the system from the time domain into the frequency domain, and the boundary conditions for the thermal, elastic, and plasma waves are applied to the interface of the medium. The homotopy perturbation method was used as an innovative approach to analyze the stability of the non-local silicon's primary physical fields. The numerical inversion method is applied, yielding many graphs focusing on important numerical factors such as non-local effects, thermo-energy, and thermo-electric coupling parameters. Investigating dual solutions between stable and unstable regions for critical parameters like thermo-electric and thermo-energy coupling factors demonstrates that the homotopy perturbation technique can effectively analyze the stability analysis. The comparison between silicon and germanium is illustrated graphically. Utilizing the homotopy perturbation technique, we can effectively examine the stability of the primary physical variations with the effect of some values for eigenvalues approaches.

在当前的工作中,我们研究了一种专门用于稳定性微扰理论的新技术来分析光热理论中的主要变化,如热波、载流子波、弹性波和机械波。利用非局域半导体材料的界面进行稳定性分析。该问题是在光-热弹性(PTE)框架下使用一维光电-热弹性变形建立的。采用拉普拉斯变换方法将系统从时域转换到频域,并在介质界面上应用热波、弹性波和等离子体波的边界条件。采用同伦摄动法分析了非局域硅主物理场的稳定性。采用数值反演方法,得到了许多聚焦非局部效应、热能和热电耦合参数等重要数值因素的图。研究了热电和热能耦合因子等关键参数在稳定区和不稳定区之间的对偶解,证明了同伦摄动技术可以有效地分析稳定性分析。硅和锗的比较用图表说明了。利用同伦摄动技术,我们可以有效地检验特征值方法中某些值影响下的主要物理变化的稳定性。
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引用次数: 0
Correction: White light emission in 0D halide perovskite [(CH3)3S]2SnCl6·H2O crystals through variation of doping ns2 ions. 更正:0D 卤化物包晶 [(CH3)3S]2SnCl6-H2O 晶体中通过改变掺杂的 ns2 离子发出白光。
IF 4.1 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-024-00138-y
Yitong Lin, Yu Zhong, Yangpeng Lin, Jiawei Lin, Lei Pang, Zhilong Zhang, Yi Zhao, Xiao-Ying Huang, Ke-Zhao Du
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引用次数: 0
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Frontiers of Optoelectronics
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