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Monolayer graphene/GaN heterostructure photodetector with UV-IR dual-wavelength photoresponses. 具有紫外-红外双波长光响应的单层石墨烯/氮化镓异质结构光电探测器。
IF 5.4 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-024-00121-7
Junjun Xue, Jiaming Tong, Zhujun Gao, Zhouyu Chen, Haoyu Fang, Saisai Wang, Ting Zhi, Jin Wang

An ultraviolet-infrared (UV-IR) dual-wavelength photodetector (PD) based on a monolayer (ML) graphene/GaN heterostructure has been successfully fabricated in this work. The ML graphene was synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and subsequently transferred onto GaN substrate using polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). The morphological and optical properties of the as-prepared graphene and GaN were presented. The fabricated PD based on the graphene/GaN heterostructure exhibited excellent rectify behavior by measuring the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics under dark conditions, and the spectral response demonstrated that the device revealed an UV-IR dual-wavelength photoresponse. In addition, the energy band structure and absorption properties of the ML graphene/GaN heterostructure were theoretically investigated based on density functional theory (DFT) to explore the underlying physical mechanism of the two-dimensional (2D)/three-dimensional (3D) hybrid heterostructure PD device. This work paves the way for the development of innovative GaN-based dual-wavelength optoelectronic devices, offering a potential strategy for future applications in the field of advanced photodetection technology.

在这项工作中,我们成功地制造出了基于单层(ML)石墨烯/氮化镓异质结构的紫外-红外(UV-IR)双波长光电探测器(PD)。单层石墨烯是通过化学气相沉积(CVD)合成的,随后使用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)转移到氮化镓衬底上。研究介绍了制备的石墨烯和 GaN 的形态和光学特性。通过测量黑暗条件下的电流-电压(I-V)特性,基于石墨烯/氮化镓异质结构制备的 PD 表现出优异的整流性能,光谱响应表明该器件具有紫外-红外双波长光响应。此外,还基于密度泛函理论(DFT)对 ML 石墨烯/氮化镓异质结构的能带结构和吸收特性进行了理论研究,以探索二维(2D)/三维(3D)混合异质结构 PD 器件的基本物理机制。这项工作为开发基于氮化镓的创新型双波长光电器件铺平了道路,为未来在先进光探测技术领域的应用提供了一种潜在的策略。
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引用次数: 0
Design of an on-chip wavelength conversion device assisted by an erbium-ytterbium co-doped waveguide amplifier. 设计一个由铒镱共掺波导放大器辅助的片上波长转换装置。
IF 5.4 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-024-00118-2
Chen Zhou, Xiwen He, Mingyue Xiao, Deyue Ma, Weibiao Chen, Zhiping Zhou

In current documented studies, it has been observed that wavelength converters utilizing AlGaAsOI waveguides exhibit suboptimal on-chip wavelength conversion efficiency from the C-band to the 2 μm band, generally falling below -20.0 dB. To address this issue, we present a novel wavelength conversion device assisted by a waveguide amplifier, incorporating both AlGaAs wavelength converter and erbium-ytterbium co-doped waveguide amplifier, thereby achieving a notable conversion efficiency exceeding 0 dB. The noteworthy enhancement in efficiency can be attributed to the specific dispersion design of the AlGaAs wavelength converter, which enables an upsurge in conversion efficiency to -15.54 dB under 100 mW of pump power. Furthermore, the integration of an erbium-ytterbium co-doped waveguide amplifier facilitates a loss compensation of over 15 dB. Avoiding the use of external optical amplifiers, this device enables efficient and high-bandwidth wavelength conversion, showing promising applications in various fields, such as optical communication, sensing, imaging, and beyond.

在目前的文献研究中,我们发现使用 AlGaAsOI 波导的波长转换器从 C 波段到 2 μm 波段的片上波长转换效率并不理想,通常低于 -20.0 dB。为解决这一问题,我们提出了一种由波导放大器辅助的新型波长转换器件,它同时集成了砷化镓波长转换器和铒镱共掺波导放大器,从而实现了超过 0 dB 的显著转换效率。效率的显著提高可归功于 AlGaAs 波长转换器的特殊色散设计,在 100 mW 泵功率下,转换效率可飙升至 -15.54 dB。此外,铒镱共掺波导放大器的集成使损耗补偿超过 15 dB。该器件避免了外部光放大器的使用,实现了高效、高带宽的波长转换,在光通信、传感、成像等各个领域都有广阔的应用前景。
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引用次数: 0
Circularly polarized light emission and detection by chiral inorganic semiconductors. 手性无机半导体的圆偏振光发射和探测。
IF 5.4 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-05-31 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-024-00120-8
Zha Li, Wancai Li, Dehui Li, Wei Tang, Huageng Liang, Huaibing Song, Chao Chen, Liang Gao, Jiang Tang

Chiral inorganic semiconductors with high dissymmetric factor are highly desirable, but it is generally difficult to induce chiral structure in inorganic semiconductors because of their structure rigidity and symmetry. In this study, we introduced chiral ZnO film as hard template to transfer chirality to CsPbBr3 film and PbS quantum dots (QDs) for circularly polarized light (CPL) emission and detection, respectively. The prepared CsPbBr3/ZnO thin film exhibited CPL emission at 520 nm and the PbS QDs/ZnO film realized CPL detection at 780 nm, featuring high dissymmetric factor up to around 0.4. The electron transition based mechanism is responsible for chirality transfer.

具有高不对称因子的手性无机半导体是非常理想的,但由于无机半导体的结构刚性和对称性,在无机半导体中诱导手性结构一般比较困难。在本研究中,我们引入了手性 ZnO 薄膜作为硬模板,将手性转移到 CsPbBr3 薄膜和 PbS 量子点(QDs)上,分别用于圆偏振光(CPL)发射和检测。所制备的 CsPbBr3/ZnO 薄膜可在 520 纳米波长处发射圆偏振光,而 PbS 量子点/ZnO 薄膜可在 780 纳米波长处实现圆偏振光检测,其不对称系数高达 0.4 左右。基于电子转变的机制是手性转移的原因。
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引用次数: 0
Coherent beam combining of two all-PM thulium-doped fiber chirped pulse amplifiers. 两个全 PM 掺铥光纤啁啾脉冲放大器的相干光束组合。
IF 5.4 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-024-00117-3
Bo Ren, Hongxiang Chang, Can Li, Tao Wang, Kaikai Jin, Jiayi Zhang, Kun Guo, Rongtao Su, Jinyong Leng, Pu Zhou

In this paper, we report a coherent beam combining (CBC) system that involves two thulium-doped all-polarization maintaining (PM) fiber chirped pulse amplifiers. Through phase-locking the two channels via a fiber stretcher by using the stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) algorithm, a maximum average power of 265 W is obtained, with a CBC efficiency of 81% and a residual phase error of λ/17. After de-chirping by a pair of diffraction gratings, the duration of the combined laser pulse is compressed to 690 fs. Taking into account the compression efficiency of 90% and the main peak energy proportion of 91%, the corresponding peak power is calculated to be 4 MW. The laser noise characteristics before and after CBC are examined, and the results indicate that the CBC would degrade the low frequency relative intensity noise (RIN), of which the integration is 1.74% in [100 Hz, 2 MHz] at the maximum combined output power. In addition, the effects of the nonlinear spectrum broadening during chirped pulse amplification on the CBC efficiency are also investigated, showing that a higher extent of pulse stretching is effective in alleviating the spectrum broadening and realizing a higher output power with decent combining efficiency.

本文报告了一种相干光束结合(CBC)系统,该系统包括两个掺铥全偏振维持(PM)光纤啁啾脉冲放大器。通过随机并行梯度下降(SPGD)算法,通过光纤拉伸器锁定两个通道的相位,可获得 265 W 的最大平均功率,CBC 效率为 81%,残余相位误差为 λ/17。通过一对衍射光栅去啁啾后,组合激光脉冲的持续时间被压缩到 690 fs。考虑到 90% 的压缩效率和 91% 的主峰能量比例,计算得出相应的峰值功率为 4 兆瓦。对 CBC 前后的激光噪声特性进行了研究,结果表明,CBC 会降低低频相对强度噪声(RIN),在最大组合输出功率下,[100 Hz, 2 MHz] 的积分为 1.74%。此外,还研究了啁啾脉冲放大过程中的非线性频谱展宽对 CBC 效率的影响,结果表明较高程度的脉冲拉伸可有效缓解频谱展宽,并实现较高的输出功率和较好的组合效率。
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引用次数: 0
MEMS-actuated terahertz metamaterials driven by phase-transition materials. 由相变材料驱动的 MEMS 驱动太赫兹超材料。
IF 5.4 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-05-27 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-024-00116-4
Zhixiang Huang, Weipeng Wu, Eric Herrmann, Ke Ma, Zizwe A Chase, Thomas A Searles, M Benjamin Jungfleisch, Xi Wang

The non-ionizing and penetrative characteristics of terahertz (THz) radiation have recently led to its adoption across a variety of applications. To effectively utilize THz radiation, modulators with precise control are imperative. While most recent THz modulators manipulate the amplitude, frequency, or phase of incident THz radiation, considerably less progress has been made toward THz polarization modulation. Conventional methods for polarization control suffer from high driving voltages, restricted modulation depth, and narrow band capabilities, which hinder device performance and broader applications. Consequently, an ideal THz modulator that offers high modulation depth along with ease of processing and operation is required. In this paper, we propose and realize a THz metamaterial comprised of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) actuated by the phase-transition material vanadium dioxide (VO2). Simulation and experimental results of the three-dimensional metamaterials show that by leveraging the unique phase-transition attributes of VO2, our THz polarization modulator offers notable advancements over existing designs, including broad operation spectrum, high modulation depth, ease of fabrication, ease of operation condition, and continuous modulation capabilities. These enhanced features make the system a viable candidate for a range of THz applications, including telecommunications, imaging, and radar systems.

太赫兹(THz)辐射具有非电离和穿透性强的特点,最近已被广泛应用于各种领域。要有效利用太赫兹辐射,必须使用具有精确控制能力的调制器。虽然最近大多数太赫兹调制器都能操纵入射太赫兹辐射的振幅、频率或相位,但在太赫兹偏振调制方面取得的进展要小得多。传统的偏振控制方法存在驱动电压高、调制深度受限和频带窄等问题,这阻碍了设备的性能和更广泛的应用。因此,我们需要一种理想的太赫兹调制器,既能提供高调制深度,又能简化处理和操作。在本文中,我们提出并实现了一种由相变材料二氧化钒(VO2)驱动的微机电系统(MEMS)组成的太赫兹超材料。三维超材料的仿真和实验结果表明,通过利用二氧化钒独特的相变属性,我们的太赫兹偏振调制器与现有设计相比具有显著的进步,包括宽工作频谱、高调制深度、易于制造、易于操作条件和连续调制能力。这些增强功能使该系统成为电信、成像和雷达系统等一系列太赫兹应用的可行候选方案。
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引用次数: 0
Harnessing sub-comb dynamics in a graphene-sensitized microresonator for gas detection. 利用石墨烯敏化微谐振器中的亚原子动力学进行气体检测。
IF 5.4 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-024-00115-5
Yupei Liang, Mingyu Liu, Fan Tang, Yanhong Guo, Hao Zhang, Shihan Liu, Yanping Yang, Guangming Zhao, Teng Tan, Baicheng Yao

Since their inception, frequency combs generated in microresonators, known as microcombs, have sparked significant scientific interests. Among the various applications leveraging microcombs, soliton microcombs are often preferred due to their inherent mode-locking capability. However, this choice introduces additional system complexity because an initialization process is required. Meanwhile, despite the theoretical understanding of the dynamics of other comb states, their practical potential, particularly in applications like sensing where simplicity is valued, remains largely untapped. Here, we demonstrate controllable generation of sub-combs that bypasses the need for accessing bistable regime. And in a graphene-sensitized microresonator, the sub-comb heterodynes produce stable, accurate microwave signals for high-precision gas detection. By exploring the formation dynamics of sub-combs, we achieved 2 MHz harmonic comb-to-comb beat notes with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) greater than 50 dB and phase noise as low as - 82 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset. The graphene sensitization on the intracavity probes results in exceptional frequency responsiveness to the adsorption of gas molecules on the graphene of microcavity surface, enabling detect limits down to the parts per billion (ppb) level. This synergy between graphene and sub-comb formation dynamics in a microcavity structure showcases the feasibility of utilizing microcombs in an incoherent state prior to soliton locking. It may mark a significant step toward the development of easy-to-operate, systemically simple, compact, and high-performance photonic sensors.

在微谐振器中产生的频率梳(又称微梳子)自问世以来就引发了科学界的极大兴趣。在利用微蜂窝的各种应用中,孤子微蜂窝因其固有的锁模能力而常常受到青睐。然而,这种选择会带来额外的系统复杂性,因为需要一个初始化过程。同时,尽管人们对其他梳状状态的动态有了理论上的了解,但它们的实际潜力,尤其是在传感等重视简单性的应用中,在很大程度上仍未得到开发。在这里,我们展示了可控子梳状状态的产生,绕过了进入双稳态的需要。在石墨烯敏化微谐振器中,亚原子异质体产生稳定、精确的微波信号,用于高精度气体检测。通过探索亚梳状体的形成动力学,我们实现了 2 MHz 谐波梳状体到梳状体的节拍音符,信噪比(SNR)大于 50 dB,相位噪声在 1 MHz 偏移时低至 - 82 dBc/Hz。腔内探头上的石墨烯敏化技术使其对微腔表面石墨烯上吸附的气体分子具有卓越的频率响应能力,从而使探测极限低至十亿分之一(ppb)级。石墨烯与微腔结构中子梳状体形成动力学之间的这种协同作用,展示了在孤子锁定之前利用非相干状态的微梳状体的可行性。这标志着向开发易于操作、系统简单、结构紧凑和高性能的光子传感器迈出了重要一步。
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引用次数: 0
Information-entropy enabled identifying topological photonic phase in real space. 利用信息熵识别真实空间中的拓扑光子相位。
IF 5.4 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-024-00113-7
Rui Ma, Qiuchen Yan, Yihao Luo, Yandong Li, Xingyuan Wang, Cuicui Lu, Xiaoyong Hu, Qihuang Gong

The topological photonics plays an important role in the fields of fundamental physics and photonic devices. The traditional method of designing topological system is based on the momentum space, which is not a direct and convenient way to grasp the topological properties, especially for the perturbative structures or coupled systems. Here, we propose an interdisciplinary approach to study the topological systems in real space through combining the information entropy and topological photonics. As a proof of concept, the Kagome model has been analyzed with information entropy. We reveal that the bandgap closing does not correspond to the topological edge state disappearing. This method can be used to identify the topological phase conveniently and directly, even the systems with perturbations or couplings. As a promotional validation, Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model and the valley-Hall photonic crystal have also been studied based on the information entropy method. This work provides a method to study topological photonic phase based on information theory, and brings inspiration to analyze the physical properties by taking advantage of interdisciplinarity.

拓扑光子学在基础物理学和光子器件领域发挥着重要作用。传统的拓扑系统设计方法是基于动量空间,这种方法并不能直接方便地把握拓扑特性,尤其是对于扰动结构或耦合系统。在这里,我们提出了一种跨学科的方法,通过结合信息熵和拓扑光子学来研究真实空间中的拓扑系统。作为概念验证,我们用信息熵分析了 Kagome 模型。我们发现带隙关闭并不对应拓扑边缘状态的消失。这种方法可以方便、直接地识别拓扑相位,即使是具有扰动或耦合的系统也不例外。作为推广验证,Su-Schrieffer-Heeger 模型和山谷-霍尔光子晶体也基于信息熵方法进行了研究。这项工作提供了一种基于信息论研究拓扑光子相的方法,为利用跨学科优势分析物理性质带来了启发。
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引用次数: 0
Efficiency improvement by using metal-insulator-semiconductor structure in InGaN/GaN micro-light-emitting diodes. 在 InGaN/GaN 微型发光二极管中使用金属绝缘体-半导体结构提高效率。
IF 5.4 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-024-00111-9
Jian Yin, David Hwang, Hossein Zamani Siboni, Ehsanollah Fathi, Reza Chaji, Dayan Ban

InGaN/GaN micro-light-emitting diodes (micro-LEDs) with a metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structure on the sidewall are proposed to improve efficiency. In this MIS structure, a sidewall electrode is deposited on the insulating layer-coated sidewall of the device mesa between a cathode on the bottom and an anode on the top. Electroluminescence (EL) measurements of fabricated devices with a mesa diameter of 10 μm show that the application of negative biases on the sidewall electrode can increase the device external quantum efficiency (EQE). In contrast, the application of positive biases can decrease the EQE. The band structure analysis reveals that the EQE is impacted because the application of sidewall electric fields manipulates the local surface electron density along the mesa sidewall and thus controls surface Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) recombination. Two suggested strategies, reducing insulator layer thickness and exploring alternative materials, can be implemented to further improve the EQE of MIS micro-LEDs in future fabrication.

为了提高效率,提出了在侧壁上采用金属-绝缘体-半导体(MIS)结构的 InGaN/GaN 微型发光二极管(micro-LED)。在这种金属-绝缘体-半导体(MIS)结构中,侧壁电极沉积在底部阴极和顶部阳极之间的器件介子的绝缘层涂层侧壁上。对介子直径为 10 μm 的器件进行的电致发光(EL)测量表明,在侧壁电极上施加负偏压可提高器件的外部量子效率(EQE)。相反,施加正偏压则会降低 EQE。带状结构分析表明,影响 EQE 的原因是侧壁电场的应用操纵了沿介子侧壁的局部表面电子密度,从而控制了表面肖克利-雷德-霍尔(SRH)重组。建议采取减少绝缘层厚度和探索替代材料这两种策略,以便在未来的制造过程中进一步提高 MIS 微型 LED 的 EQE。
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引用次数: 0
Spin-controlled topological phase transition in non-Euclidean space. 非欧几里得空间中的自旋控制拓扑相变。
IF 5.4 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-024-00110-w
Zhuochen Du, Jinze Gao, Qiuchen Yan, Cuicui Lu, Xiaoyong Hu, Qihuang Gong

Modulation of topological phase transition has been pursued by researchers in both condensed matter and optics research fields, and has been realized in Euclidean systems, such as topological photonic crystals, topological metamaterials, and coupled resonator arrays. However, the spin-controlled topological phase transition in non-Euclidean space has not yet been explored. Here, we propose a non-Euclidean configuration based on Möbius rings, and we demonstrate the spin-controlled transition between the topological edge state and the bulk state. The Möbius ring, which is designed to have an 8π period, has a square cross section at the twist beginning and the length/width evolves adiabatically along the loop, accompanied by conversion from transverse electric to transverse magnetic modes resulting from the spin-locked effect. The 8π period Möbius rings are used to construct Su-Schrieffer-Heeger configuration, and the configuration can support the topological edge states excited by circularly polarized light, and meanwhile a transition from the topological edge state to the bulk state can be realized by controlling circular polarization. In addition, the spin-controlled topological phase transition in non-Euclidean space is feasible for both Hermitian and non-Hermitian cases in 2D systems. This work provides a new degree of polarization to control topological photonic states based on the spin of Möbius rings and opens a way to tune the topological phase in non-Euclidean space.

凝聚态和光学研究领域的研究人员一直在追求拓扑相变的调制,并已在欧几里得系统中实现,如拓扑光子晶体、拓扑超材料和耦合谐振器阵列。然而,在非欧几里得空间中的自旋控制拓扑相变尚未被探索。在这里,我们提出了一种基于莫比乌斯环的非欧几里得构型,并演示了拓扑边缘态和体态之间的自旋控制转换。莫比乌斯环被设计成具有 8π 周期,在扭转起始处具有正方形横截面,其长度/宽度沿环路绝热演化,并伴随着自旋锁定效应产生的横向电模式向横向磁模式的转换。利用 8π 周期的莫比乌斯环构建苏-施里弗-黑格尔构型,该构型可支持圆偏振光激发的拓扑边缘态,同时可通过控制圆偏振实现拓扑边缘态向体态的过渡。此外,自旋控制的非欧几里得空间拓扑相变在二维系统中的赫米特和非赫米特情况下都是可行的。这项工作为基于莫比乌斯环的自旋控制拓扑光子态提供了一种新的极化程度,并开辟了一条在非欧几里得空间调节拓扑相位的途径。
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引用次数: 0
White light emission in 0D halide perovskite [(CH3)3S]2SnCl6·H2O crystals through variation of doping ns2 ions. 通过掺杂 ns2 离子的变化实现 0D 卤化物包晶 [(CH3)3S]2SnCl6-H2O 晶体的白光发射。
IF 4.1 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-024-00109-3
Yitong Lin, Yu Zhong, Yangpeng Lin, Jiawei Lin, Lei Pang, Zhilong Zhang, Yi Zhao, Xiao-Ying Huang, Ke-Zhao Du

With the rapid development of white LEDs, the research of new and efficient white light emitting materials has attracted increasing attention. Zero dimensional (0D) organic-inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskites with superior luminescent property are promising candidates for LED application, due to their abundant and tailorable structure. Herein, [(CH3)3S]2SnCl6·H2O is synthesized as a host for dopant ions Bi3+ and Sb3+. The Sb3+ doped, or Bi3+/Sb3+ co-doped, [(CH3)3S]2SnCl6·H2O has a tunable optical emission spectrum by means of varying dopant ratio and excitation wavelength. As a result, we can achieve single-phase materials suitable for emission ranging from cold white light to warm white light. The intrinsic mechanism is examined in this work, to clarify the dopant effect on the optical properties. The high stability of title crystalline material, against water, oxygen and heat, makes it promising for further application.

随着白光 LED 的快速发展,新型高效白光发光材料的研究日益受到关注。具有优异发光性能的零维(0D)有机-无机杂化金属卤化物过氧化物因其丰富且可定制的结构而成为 LED 应用的理想候选材料。本文合成了[(CH3)3S]2SnCl6-H2O,作为掺杂离子 Bi3+ 和 Sb3+ 的宿主。通过改变掺杂比例和激发波长,掺杂 Sb3+ 或 Bi3+/Sb3+ 共掺杂的 [(CH3)3S]2SnCl6-H2O 具有可调的光学发射光谱。因此,我们可以获得适用于从冷白光到暖白光发射的单相材料。这项工作对其内在机理进行了研究,以阐明掺杂剂对光学特性的影响。标题晶体材料对水、氧和热的高稳定性使其具有进一步应用的前景。
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引用次数: 0
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