Pub Date : 2023-06-14DOI: 10.54692/jelle.2023.0502176
Dr Amna Umer Cheema
This research sheds light on Elizabeth Bishop’s demonstration of Julia Kisteva’s psychoanalytic concept of “Abjection” and “Estrangement” within the “maternal” space called semiotic chora. This maternal space exhibits abjection and estrangement within the fluid images in the poetic collections – Questions of Travel and Geography III. The mother-child bond celebrated in Bishop’s earlier collections culminates into the process of separation of the child from the mother, and subject from the object. Bishop’s separation from her mother forms new meanings for herself, which resist the identity of the mother, who is no more part of the subject, but an entity outside. Bishop has confronted her mother’s existence on the border of her identity. Yet the struggle to reject the mother’s body, in order to create an “I” becomes an ongoing process, which makes Bishop, as the subject, estranged to her own self. The ambivalent relationship with the mother, being outside the subject, speeds up the process of identity formation of the poet as subject. This, consequently, makes the subject confront her strangeness, owing to the multiplicity of meanings.
{"title":"Elizabeth Bishop: Abjecting the Other and Estranging the Self","authors":"Dr Amna Umer Cheema","doi":"10.54692/jelle.2023.0502176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2023.0502176","url":null,"abstract":"This research sheds light on Elizabeth Bishop’s demonstration of Julia Kisteva’s psychoanalytic concept of “Abjection” and “Estrangement” within the “maternal” space called semiotic chora. This maternal space exhibits abjection and estrangement within the fluid images in the poetic collections – Questions of Travel and Geography III. The mother-child bond celebrated in Bishop’s earlier collections culminates into the process of separation of the child from the mother, and subject from the object. Bishop’s separation from her mother forms new meanings for herself, which resist the identity of the mother, who is no more part of the subject, but an entity outside. Bishop has confronted her mother’s existence on the border of her identity. Yet the struggle to reject the mother’s body, in order to create an “I” becomes an ongoing process, which makes Bishop, as the subject, estranged to her own self. The ambivalent relationship with the mother, being outside the subject, speeds up the process of identity formation of the poet as subject. This, consequently, makes the subject confront her strangeness, owing to the multiplicity of meanings.","PeriodicalId":127188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Language, Literature and Education","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129233109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.54692/jelle.2023.0501160
Khalid Ahmed, Arfan Akram, Asma S. Sharif, Anila Tariq
This study investigated the development of pragmatic competence of Pakistani ESL learners through classroom teaching. The quasi-experimental research design was employed. The sample was twenty-five undergraduate Pakistani ESL learners. The impact of teaching pragmatic competence and the retention effects of learning were investigated. The experimental process comprised of the intervention of teaching the American English Refusals to Pakistani ESL students. The Written Discourse Completion tests were used at three different stages for the evaluation purpose and data collection. The mix method was used for data analysis. The qualitative analysis of the responses was conducted by the performances of learners in four stimulus types of the refusals (invitations, suggestions, offers & requests) and four aspects of accuracies (correct expression, quality of information, strategies of choices & level of formality) in the pre-test, post-test and the delayed post-test (Hudson et al. 1992, 1995). The qualitative analysis helped to elaborate the further explanation of the quantitative data. The mean scores of the students in DCTs were the quantitative data. The comparison of post-test scores showed that the pragmatic competence of Pakistani English language learners could be developed through teaching. Furthermore, the study showed that the Pakistani ESL students could retain their pragmatic competence of learning English refusals after two months of academic instructions in classroom setting. This results and findings of the study supported rich implications for the future researchers in interlanguage pragmatics and further it carried pedagogical implications related to ESL learning, teaching and course designing.
本研究旨在探讨巴基斯坦语学习者在课堂教学中语用能力的发展。采用准实验研究设计。样本是25名本科巴基斯坦ESL学习者。对语用能力教学的影响和学习的保留效果进行了研究。实验过程包括对巴基斯坦ESL学生进行美式英语拒绝教学的干预。书面语篇完成测试在三个不同的阶段用于评估目的和数据收集。采用混合法进行数据分析。通过学习者在前测、后测和延迟后测中的拒绝(邀请、建议、提议和请求)四种刺激类型和准确性(正确表达、信息质量、选择策略和正式程度)四个方面的表现对反应进行定性分析(Hudson et al. 1992,1995)。定性分析有助于进一步阐述定量数据的解释。学生在dct中的平均得分为定量数据。测试后得分的比较表明，巴基斯坦英语学习者的语用能力是可以通过教学得到发展的。此外，本研究还显示巴基斯坦学生在经过两个月的课堂教学后，仍能保持英语拒绝语的语用能力。本研究的结果和发现为今后中介语语用学的研究提供了丰富的启示，并进一步对ESL的学习、教学和课程设计具有教学意义。
{"title":"Developing Pakistani ESL Learners’ Pragmatic Competence: A Case Study of English Refusals","authors":"Khalid Ahmed, Arfan Akram, Asma S. Sharif, Anila Tariq","doi":"10.54692/jelle.2023.0501160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2023.0501160","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the development of pragmatic competence of Pakistani ESL learners through classroom teaching. The quasi-experimental research design was employed. The sample was twenty-five undergraduate Pakistani ESL learners. The impact of teaching pragmatic competence and the retention effects of learning were investigated. The experimental process comprised of the intervention of teaching the American English Refusals to Pakistani ESL students. The Written Discourse Completion tests were used at three different stages for the evaluation purpose and data collection. The mix method was used for data analysis. The qualitative analysis of the responses was conducted by the performances of learners in four stimulus types of the refusals (invitations, suggestions, offers & requests) and four aspects of accuracies (correct expression, quality of information, strategies of choices & level of formality) in the pre-test, post-test and the delayed post-test (Hudson et al. 1992, 1995). The qualitative analysis helped to elaborate the further explanation of the quantitative data. The mean scores of the students in DCTs were the quantitative data. The comparison of post-test scores showed that the pragmatic competence of Pakistani English language learners could be developed through teaching. Furthermore, the study showed that the Pakistani ESL students could retain their pragmatic competence of learning English refusals after two months of academic instructions in classroom setting. This results and findings of the study supported rich implications for the future researchers in interlanguage pragmatics and further it carried pedagogical implications related to ESL learning, teaching and course designing.","PeriodicalId":127188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Language, Literature and Education","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124372827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.54692/jelle.2023.0501159
Sehar Abbas, Sundus Gohar
This research analyzes the novella, Another Gulmohar Tree, written by Aamer Hussain, a Pakistani writer. The aim of this study is to analyze the theme of identity crisis by applying the Theory of Hybridity and Third Space given by Homi K. Bhabha. It has been investigated how the change of culture makes a person hybrid. This research further discusses an individual's challenges while moving from one place to another. Moreover, the mixture of eastern and western cultures also has been explained in the study concerning Hybridity. This research shows the collision of Pakistani and British cultures in Pakistani society. The individuals who migrate from one place to another experience loss of culture, norms and religious customs, resulting in a change of identity, Hybridity, and third space, along with giving way to a distorted concept of self-realization and adjusting to a new culture. The research highlights the difference between the cultures, creating a new sense of individual and their expression.
{"title":"Another Gulmohar Tree – A Tale of Identity and Hybridity","authors":"Sehar Abbas, Sundus Gohar","doi":"10.54692/jelle.2023.0501159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2023.0501159","url":null,"abstract":"This research analyzes the novella, Another Gulmohar Tree, written by Aamer Hussain, a Pakistani writer. The aim of this study is to analyze the theme of identity crisis by applying the Theory of Hybridity and Third Space given by Homi K. Bhabha. It has been investigated how the change of culture makes a person hybrid. This research further discusses an individual's challenges while moving from one place to another. Moreover, the mixture of eastern and western cultures also has been explained in the study concerning Hybridity. This research shows the collision of Pakistani and British cultures in Pakistani society. The individuals who migrate from one place to another experience loss of culture, norms and religious customs, resulting in a change of identity, Hybridity, and third space, along with giving way to a distorted concept of self-realization and adjusting to a new culture. The research highlights the difference between the cultures, creating a new sense of individual and their expression.","PeriodicalId":127188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Language, Literature and Education","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123124679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.54692/jelle.2023.0501155
Farkhanda Shahid Khan
Gothic is a twisting lens, an amplifying mirror; however, the pictures it shows to us have authenticity, and cannot be grasped in ordinary forms. At the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th centuries, this genre was the only truthful alternative for psychology and the historical sciences, the only method to reach and understand those fierce territories where penetration of knowledge was restricted or late. Romantic writers broadened the range of gothic positively whilst providing a greater understanding of the connections between terror and other aspects, violence, spectatorship, the body, imagination, and cultural politics of emotions. Including Graveyard Poetry, the subtle and the sublime, and sentimentalism, the origin of the Gothic goes parallel to the origins of the novel. Furthermore, the research also unveils that my selected writers, by using the elements of fear and loathing have manifested people’s double standards, who want to rule the world by not giving space to other creatures; nonetheless, want to use other creatures for their benefit and ease. Keeping in a trial the scholarship on gothic theory given by David Punter and Aristotle’s view of tragedy this qualitative study critically examines the selected Romantic texts to trace the elements of fear and loathing bringing horror for some and tragedy for others.
{"title":"A Critical Exploration of Fear and Loathing in Selected Romantic Fiction","authors":"Farkhanda Shahid Khan","doi":"10.54692/jelle.2023.0501155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2023.0501155","url":null,"abstract":"Gothic is a twisting lens, an amplifying mirror; however, the pictures it shows to us have authenticity, and cannot be grasped in ordinary forms. At the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th centuries, this genre was the only truthful alternative for psychology and the historical sciences, the only method to reach and understand those fierce territories where penetration of knowledge was restricted or late. Romantic writers broadened the range of gothic positively whilst providing a greater understanding of the connections between terror and other aspects, violence, spectatorship, the body, imagination, and cultural politics of emotions. Including Graveyard Poetry, the subtle and the sublime, and sentimentalism, the origin of the Gothic goes parallel to the origins of the novel. Furthermore, the research also unveils that my selected writers, by using the elements of fear and loathing have manifested people’s double standards, who want to rule the world by not giving space to other creatures; nonetheless, want to use other creatures for their benefit and ease. Keeping in a trial the scholarship on gothic theory given by David Punter and Aristotle’s view of tragedy this qualitative study critically examines the selected Romantic texts to trace the elements of fear and loathing bringing horror for some and tragedy for others.","PeriodicalId":127188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Language, Literature and Education","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134395193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This investigation aimed to analyze the use of turn-takings, the organization of adjacency pairs that are practised in Pakistani drama. Drawing on the framework presented by Young (2011), this research has provided insight into the relationship between the conversational organization and situational features in which the conversations were performed, and to figure out the purpose of operating a conversation in a specific situation, especially in the entertainment genre. For this research, video samples were taken from Pakistani dramas, and the conversations between participants, specifically between main characters, were transcribed. The transcribed data was then organized and divided into chunks and manually coded in Adjacency pairs, turns, lexical devices, linguistic and paralinguistic features, semantic and pragmatic elements, and contextual features. Based on the frequencies and patterns of turn-takings, lexical and linguistic choices, semantic, and conversational devices, the attitudes and variations in the behaviours of the participants of conversation in different settings and contexts were analyzed.
{"title":"Conversation Analysis of Jo Chale to Jaan Se Guzar Gaey: A Drama Serial from Pakistan Electronic Media","authors":"Sehar Naureen, Syed Kazim Kazim Shah, Muniba Mushtaq","doi":"10.54692/jelle.2023.0501153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2023.0501153","url":null,"abstract":"This investigation aimed to analyze the use of turn-takings, the organization of adjacency pairs that are practised in Pakistani drama. Drawing on the framework presented by Young (2011), this research has provided insight into the relationship between the conversational organization and situational features in which the conversations were performed, and to figure out the purpose of operating a conversation in a specific situation, especially in the entertainment genre. For this research, video samples were taken from Pakistani dramas, and the conversations between participants, specifically between main characters, were transcribed. The transcribed data was then organized and divided into chunks and manually coded in Adjacency pairs, turns, lexical devices, linguistic and paralinguistic features, semantic and pragmatic elements, and contextual features. Based on the frequencies and patterns of turn-takings, lexical and linguistic choices, semantic, and conversational devices, the attitudes and variations in the behaviours of the participants of conversation in different settings and contexts were analyzed.","PeriodicalId":127188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Language, Literature and Education","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123074976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.54692/jelle.2023.0501158
Hadia Baloch, Hira Rafique Rao
Sidhwa’s An American Brat is an account of the story of Feroza Ginwalla, as she learns and unlearns lessons that shape her identity after her move from Pakistan to America. This paper analyses her coming-of-age process in a transcultural setting, tracing it through the lens of Erik Erikson’s theory of Psychosocial Development and by extension, James Marcia’s Identity Status Model. It does so, keeping in view her hybrid identity, in light of Bhabha’s theory of Cultural Hybridity. As the novel progresses, her character develops, achieving and then shedding the diffusion, foreclosure and moratorium identity statuses. This research shows that growing up in two different cultures opened up her identity exploration to go beyond issues of class and gender, bringing considerable changes in her social, religious and sexual beliefs. Having to face things that an adolescent growing up in one culture alone would not get the chance to, Feroza struggles to find her identity, and as a result, finds herself to be too foreign for both Pakistan and the States.
{"title":"Transcontinental Coming-of-Age: An Analysis of the Psychosocial Development of Feroza Ginwalla in Sidhwa’s An American Brat","authors":"Hadia Baloch, Hira Rafique Rao","doi":"10.54692/jelle.2023.0501158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2023.0501158","url":null,"abstract":"Sidhwa’s An American Brat is an account of the story of Feroza Ginwalla, as she learns and unlearns lessons that shape her identity after her move from Pakistan to America. This paper analyses her coming-of-age process in a transcultural setting, tracing it through the lens of Erik Erikson’s theory of Psychosocial Development and by extension, James Marcia’s Identity Status Model. It does so, keeping in view her hybrid identity, in light of Bhabha’s theory of Cultural Hybridity. As the novel progresses, her character develops, achieving and then shedding the diffusion, foreclosure and moratorium identity statuses. This research shows that growing up in two different cultures opened up her identity exploration to go beyond issues of class and gender, bringing considerable changes in her social, religious and sexual beliefs. Having to face things that an adolescent growing up in one culture alone would not get the chance to, Feroza struggles to find her identity, and as a result, finds herself to be too foreign for both Pakistan and the States.","PeriodicalId":127188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Language, Literature and Education","volume":"32 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127301149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.54692/jelle.2023.0501149
Mamona Yasmin Khan, U. Farwa
Re-orientalization of the modern orient has become a new phenomenon in South Asian Literature. This research tended to analyze the re-oriental tendencies in Shamsie’s critically acclaimed novels Burnt Shadows and Home Fire. Lau’s (2009) framework of Re-Orientalism was selected for the analysis along with the basic concepts of Said’s (1979) Orientalism. Within this framework, the researcher selected ten random samples from both novels for textual analysis. The analysis reveals that the modern orient encounters more hate and prejudice in the host country for being an orient and a diaspora Muslim. The new orient has been labeled as a terrorist under the concept of Islamophobia. This representation, interestingly, was not given by the Occident but by the postcolonial writer itself. Post-9/11 fiction highlights the settling issues of the modern orients significantly which make it different from the traditional ways of writing. A linguistic and pragmatic analysis of both novels can be done. Both novels can be compared in terms of similarities and differences in the linguistic styles of diasporic male authors.
{"title":"Exploration of Re-Oriental Tendencies in Shamsie’s Burnt Shadows and Home Fire: Re-Orientalization of the Orient","authors":"Mamona Yasmin Khan, U. Farwa","doi":"10.54692/jelle.2023.0501149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2023.0501149","url":null,"abstract":"Re-orientalization of the modern orient has become a new phenomenon in South Asian Literature. This research tended to analyze the re-oriental tendencies in Shamsie’s critically acclaimed novels Burnt Shadows and Home Fire. Lau’s (2009) framework of Re-Orientalism was selected for the analysis along with the basic concepts of Said’s (1979) Orientalism. Within this framework, the researcher selected ten random samples from both novels for textual analysis. The analysis reveals that the modern orient encounters more hate and prejudice in the host country for being an orient and a diaspora Muslim. The new orient has been labeled as a terrorist under the concept of Islamophobia. This representation, interestingly, was not given by the Occident but by the postcolonial writer itself. Post-9/11 fiction highlights the settling issues of the modern orients significantly which make it different from the traditional ways of writing. A linguistic and pragmatic analysis of both novels can be done. Both novels can be compared in terms of similarities and differences in the linguistic styles of diasporic male authors.","PeriodicalId":127188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Language, Literature and Education","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116831404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.54692/jelle.2023.0501157
Mariyam Aziz, Ahmad Naveed Sharif, Jabir Hussain, R. Ahmad
This study concerns the discursive strategies used in political discourse to legitimize conflicting positions on the Kashmir issue, a major issue between Pakistan and India. More specifically, the study has attempted to address the question of legitimization strategies and their linguistic realizations feature in the Pakistani and the Indian Prime Minister’s speeches after the abrogation of Article 370 about the Kashmir issue. The data consists of the speeches the Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan and the Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi delivered after the abrogation of Article 370 on Kashmir. The whole research has been framed under the scope of Critical Discourse Analysis, and the speeches have been analyzed in terms of Reyes’ (2011) strategies of legitimization, and Halliday’s (2014) Transitivity Model. The data analysis reveals that both prime ministers use the strategies of emotion, hypothetical future, rationality, the voice of expertise, and altruism to justify their respective positions and to attack their opponents. Yet, they differ in the linguistic realizations of these strategies mainly due to their different mental models of the communicative event rooted in their differing ideological perspectives. The findings establish the significance of language as an analytical tool that can help understand the nature of discursive practices underlying certain ideologies.
{"title":"Language of Legitimization in Political Discourse on Kashmir Issue","authors":"Mariyam Aziz, Ahmad Naveed Sharif, Jabir Hussain, R. Ahmad","doi":"10.54692/jelle.2023.0501157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2023.0501157","url":null,"abstract":"This study concerns the discursive strategies used in political discourse to legitimize conflicting positions on the Kashmir issue, a major issue between Pakistan and India. More specifically, the study has attempted to address the question of legitimization strategies and their linguistic realizations feature in the Pakistani and the Indian Prime Minister’s speeches after the abrogation of Article 370 about the Kashmir issue. The data consists of the speeches the Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan and the Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi delivered after the abrogation of Article 370 on Kashmir. The whole research has been framed under the scope of Critical Discourse Analysis, and the speeches have been analyzed in terms of Reyes’ (2011) strategies of legitimization, and Halliday’s (2014) Transitivity Model. The data analysis reveals that both prime ministers use the strategies of emotion, hypothetical future, rationality, the voice of expertise, and altruism to justify their respective positions and to attack their opponents. Yet, they differ in the linguistic realizations of these strategies mainly due to their different mental models of the communicative event rooted in their differing ideological perspectives. The findings establish the significance of language as an analytical tool that can help understand the nature of discursive practices underlying certain ideologies.","PeriodicalId":127188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Language, Literature and Education","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126658846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-10DOI: 10.54692/jelle.2022.0402129
Muhammad Hassan Abbasi, Muhammad Wasif Khan, F. Panhwar
Pakistan is home to several indigenous communities. However, life in cities is much more challenging than in under-developed areas. Due to social mobility, economic uplift, and better educational and health opportunities; communities migrate from their local towns to cities. Hence, each province reflects a diverse population and cultural groups speaking their mother tongues, practicing different religions, and following their cultural norms independently. Therefore, this study aims to explore the case of young migrant Kashmiri speakers who are residing in different urban parts of Karachi. As the focus is to identify the language use and identity patterns of young Kashmiri speakers in the presence of dominant languages and cultures. Consequently, the qualitative case study has been undertaken using purposive sampling to know about the scenario of young Kashmiris. For this purpose, data were collected from 05 participants using semi-structured interviews and the responses were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings of the study show that the young Kashmiris use the Urdu language in different domains like home, market, education, and friends because of upward social mobility and lingua franca. As a result, it is being used in their ancestral hometowns as well. While the Kashmiri language has been restricted and it is only used for fun and interaction with only relatives. Similarly, the linguistic identity is predefined by being proud of the Kashmiri language, its association and affiliation with the Kashmiri land, and geography. Overall, although the language patterns showed a shift, the linguistic identity is preserved by a high ethnolinguistic vitality among the young generation in cities.
{"title":"Language Use and Ethnic Identity of Young Migrant Kashmiri Speakers in Karachi, Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Hassan Abbasi, Muhammad Wasif Khan, F. Panhwar","doi":"10.54692/jelle.2022.0402129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2022.0402129","url":null,"abstract":"Pakistan is home to several indigenous communities. However, life in cities is much more challenging than in under-developed areas. Due to social mobility, economic uplift, and better educational and health opportunities; communities migrate from their local towns to cities. Hence, each province reflects a diverse population and cultural groups speaking their mother tongues, practicing different religions, and following their cultural norms independently. Therefore, this study aims to explore the case of young migrant Kashmiri speakers who are residing in different urban parts of Karachi. As the focus is to identify the language use and identity patterns of young Kashmiri speakers in the presence of dominant languages and cultures. Consequently, the qualitative case study has been undertaken using purposive sampling to know about the scenario of young Kashmiris. For this purpose, data were collected from 05 participants using semi-structured interviews and the responses were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings of the study show that the young Kashmiris use the Urdu language in different domains like home, market, education, and friends because of upward social mobility and lingua franca. As a result, it is being used in their ancestral hometowns as well. While the Kashmiri language has been restricted and it is only used for fun and interaction with only relatives. Similarly, the linguistic identity is predefined by being proud of the Kashmiri language, its association and affiliation with the Kashmiri land, and geography. Overall, although the language patterns showed a shift, the linguistic identity is preserved by a high ethnolinguistic vitality among the young generation in cities.","PeriodicalId":127188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Language, Literature and Education","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129312220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-10DOI: 10.54692/jelle.2022.0402130
Mirza Noman Shamas, Mushtaq H Khan, Risham Zahra, Nomee Mahmood
The world is full of people who are thirsty for others’ blood. They lack soft corners and ethical morals. Under such circumstances, conflict erupts the societies that cause destruction and wreckage. Conflict resolution and the creation of global harmony is the basic need to resolve the issues. Additionally, freedom is the most precious gift given to people. However, some people do not realize this, they remain suffering from various hardships and spend their lives as slaves. This is the era of development and progress; we can see the escalated building and pillars of knowledge all around the world. However, some people are facing cruelties and life-threatening situations. Contrary to this, some people enslaved by force are bestowed with the courage and determination to be free. They sacrifice their most valuable belongings such as children for freedom. This study is the proximal approach explaining such types of devastations in the spotlight of the novel Billy Lynn’s Long Halftime Walk. Keeping in view the Marxist theory, societal afflictions and economic inequity are analyzed and the results depict that being a soldier in an American force is the most damaging phenomenon. The soldiers are betrayed by being given special privileges, however, in return, they have to give up on their own freedom, and they are forced to shed the blood of others.
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