Pub Date : 2020-11-18DOI: 10.54692/jelle.2020.020276
Amna Khalil, Rubab Ayub
The term postcolonial appeared for the first time in the mid-1980s, in the scholarly journals as subtexts in the writings of Ashcroft, Griffiths, and Tiffin. The term was later established in academic and popular discourse. Its thematic concerns include universality, differences, nationalism, postmodernism, representation and resistance, ethnicity, feminism, language, education, history, place, and production (Ashcroft, Griffiths & Tiffin, 2004.Key Concepts in Postcolonial Studies, p.2). It is the literature that has been created as a voice to the powerless and the poorest members of the global community. “Postcolonial theory deals with the reading and writing of literature written in previously or currently colonized countries; a literature written in colonizing countries which deals with colonization or colonized peoples. It focuses particularly on: the way in which literature by the colonizing culture distorts the experience and realities, and inscribes the inferiority, of the colonized people and on literature by colonized peoples which attempts to articulate their identity and reclaim their past in the face of inevitable Otherness”. (www.shs.westport.k12.ct.us). This paper will be analyzing the text of the play Othello; The Moor of Venice by Shakespeare in terms of the representation of Otherness through the lens of postcolonialism. The love story between Desdemona and Othello was doomed due to the inflexibility of racial politics, the psychology of bodily humours, magic, or the incompatibility of military and private life. Throughout the play, there is the subtle suggestion that Othello, despite his high status, is considered dangerous by his European contemporaries. Brabantio is scandalized when he learns of Othello's relationship with Desdemona, and this revelation almost leads to Othello's arrest and accusations that Othello has kidnapped or stolen his future wife. It's as if the citizens of Venice can't imagine a white woman would have a consensual relationship with a black man, or as if Othello's race poses a threat to the European familial order. Othello continuously subverts this perception, comporting himself with dignity despite European mistrust.
{"title":"Postcolonial Othering in William Shakespeare’s Play Othello; The Moor of Venice","authors":"Amna Khalil, Rubab Ayub","doi":"10.54692/jelle.2020.020276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2020.020276","url":null,"abstract":"The term postcolonial appeared for the first time in the mid-1980s, in the scholarly journals as subtexts in the writings of Ashcroft, Griffiths, and Tiffin. The term was later established in academic and popular discourse. Its thematic concerns include universality, differences, nationalism, postmodernism, representation and resistance, ethnicity, feminism, language, education, history, place, and production (Ashcroft, Griffiths & Tiffin, 2004.Key Concepts in Postcolonial Studies, p.2). It is the literature that has been created as a voice to the powerless and the poorest members of the global community. “Postcolonial theory deals with the reading and writing of literature written in previously or currently colonized countries; a literature written in colonizing countries which deals with colonization or colonized peoples. It focuses particularly on: the way in which literature by the colonizing culture distorts the experience and realities, and inscribes the inferiority, of the colonized people and on literature by colonized peoples which attempts to articulate their identity and reclaim their past in the face of inevitable Otherness”. (www.shs.westport.k12.ct.us). This paper will be analyzing the text of the play Othello; The Moor of Venice by Shakespeare in terms of the representation of Otherness through the lens of postcolonialism. The love story between Desdemona and Othello was doomed due to the inflexibility of racial politics, the psychology of bodily humours, magic, or the incompatibility of military and private life. Throughout the play, there is the subtle suggestion that Othello, despite his high status, is considered dangerous by his European contemporaries. Brabantio is scandalized when he learns of Othello's relationship with Desdemona, and this revelation almost leads to Othello's arrest and accusations that Othello has kidnapped or stolen his future wife. It's as if the citizens of Venice can't imagine a white woman would have a consensual relationship with a black man, or as if Othello's race poses a threat to the European familial order. Othello continuously subverts this perception, comporting himself with dignity despite European mistrust.","PeriodicalId":127188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Language, Literature and Education","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128109063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-18DOI: 10.54692/jelle.2020.020272
Zain Pasha, Amna Umer Cheema
This research is an attempt to explore the formation of the assemblage of justice in Tawfiq al-Hakim’s The Song of Death (Ughniyat al- Mawt) (2008). The play is Al-Hakim’s rendition of a rural tragedy. Alwan, the son returning from the metropolis, remains caught up in a centuries’ long tribal blood feud. Urged on avenging his father’s murder, and failing to do so, Alwan dampens his mother’s thirst for blood with his own. This paper looks at the play with reference to K. M. Clarke’s merging of the affective theory with the fabric of justice. In this way, the portrayal of both tribal and new formations of systemic justice rising in Nasser’s Egypt will be explored within the play. Furthermore, this research investigates the role past traces and remnants of encounters with justice play in the structuring of justice within the rural scape of modern Egypt. The paper explores and dismantles various binaries presented in the text: tribal and modern, justice and vengeance, and shame and honour. It analyzes the ways in which emotional expressions and affects are articulated and institutionalized by the characters. In addition, the possibility of new imaginaries and cartographies of justice will be explored in order to reframe the debate around the binary of tribal and modern judicialization of violence.
{"title":"Exploring Affective Justice in Tawfiq al-Hakim’s The Song of Death (Ughniyat al- Mawt)","authors":"Zain Pasha, Amna Umer Cheema","doi":"10.54692/jelle.2020.020272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2020.020272","url":null,"abstract":"This research is an attempt to explore the formation of the assemblage of justice in Tawfiq al-Hakim’s The Song of Death (Ughniyat al- Mawt) (2008). The play is Al-Hakim’s rendition of a rural tragedy. Alwan, the son returning from the metropolis, remains caught up in a centuries’ long tribal blood feud. Urged on avenging his father’s murder, and failing to do so, Alwan dampens his mother’s thirst for blood with his own. This paper looks at the play with reference to K. M. Clarke’s merging of the affective theory with the fabric of justice. In this way, the portrayal of both tribal and new formations of systemic justice rising in Nasser’s Egypt will be explored within the play. Furthermore, this research investigates the role past traces and remnants of encounters with justice play in the structuring of justice within the rural scape of modern Egypt. The paper explores and dismantles various binaries presented in the text: tribal and modern, justice and vengeance, and shame and honour. It analyzes the ways in which emotional expressions and affects are articulated and institutionalized by the characters. In addition, the possibility of new imaginaries and cartographies of justice will be explored in order to reframe the debate around the binary of tribal and modern judicialization of violence.","PeriodicalId":127188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Language, Literature and Education","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134018654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-18DOI: 10.54692/jelle.2020.020274
Uzma Rani, M. Ranjha
This study explores the multiple identities of men and women in English proverbs and power relationships depicted through these identities. This research has not only discussed the representation of female gender but also covered male gender along with relationship shown between both genders in proverbs. 38 proverbs collected from two dictionaries are analyzed through the 3D model of Fairclough. All proverbs are divided into three major categories i.e., proverbs for women, proverbs for men and proverbs involving both genders. Proverbs involving women over numbered those mentioning men. Majority of the proverbs containing women have derogatory remarks for them whereas men are presented with positive connotations. A few proverbs explained the link between men and women in the form of negative and positive dependence. Proverbs involving women display a glimpse of patriarchy by portraying women as a burden, sexual object and fragile. Men on the other hand are explicitly nominated as a gender that owns the world. These proverbs are delivering such power relationships to generations and this could be one of the reasons patriarchies in different forms is still observed in the world. Studying these proverbs about their origins will further help in understanding the picture of genders in English society and how the picture has evolved socially.
{"title":"Representation of Men and Women in English Proverbs: Analysis of Power Relationships","authors":"Uzma Rani, M. Ranjha","doi":"10.54692/jelle.2020.020274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2020.020274","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the multiple identities of men and women in English proverbs and power relationships depicted through these identities. This research has not only discussed the representation of female gender but also covered male gender along with relationship shown between both genders in proverbs. 38 proverbs collected from two dictionaries are analyzed through the 3D model of Fairclough. All proverbs are divided into three major categories i.e., proverbs for women, proverbs for men and proverbs involving both genders. Proverbs involving women over numbered those mentioning men. Majority of the proverbs containing women have derogatory remarks for them whereas men are presented with positive connotations. A few proverbs explained the link between men and women in the form of negative and positive dependence. Proverbs involving women display a glimpse of patriarchy by portraying women as a burden, sexual object and fragile. Men on the other hand are explicitly nominated as a gender that owns the world. These proverbs are delivering such power relationships to generations and this could be one of the reasons patriarchies in different forms is still observed in the world. Studying these proverbs about their origins will further help in understanding the picture of genders in English society and how the picture has evolved socially.","PeriodicalId":127188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Language, Literature and Education","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125693312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-18DOI: 10.54692/jelle.2020.020223
U. Bello
Political Cartoons provide an avenue for people across the political spectrum to present their reactions to current events in a relaxed atmosphere. While such discourses provoke laughter in the audience, critical messages lie underneath them. Such messages can be retrieved by a very careful audience. Two major ways in which serious information is presented in cartoons are re lexicalization and over-lexicalization. This paper, therefore, investigated these phenomena in Nigerian political cartoon discourse. The data for this study was purposively selected Facebook political cartoons in Nigeria. Their selection was, therefore, motivated by the political topics they treated as well as the period in which they were posted. Those cartoons were posted in the first half of 2019, the period which was important in the history of Nigeria, being a period that spanned through pre-election, election and post-election experiences of the country. A multimodal approach was taken in the study— not only the lexical items in the cartoons were important in such a kind of discourse, the images as well as their color also contributed to re-lexicalization and over-lexicalization phenomena in the context of the discourse. The study revealed that Nigerian cartoonists re-lexicalize and over-lexicalize the existing lexical items in a bid to share critical information without causing so much embarrassment to the audience or the subject of political discourse.
{"title":"Re-lexicalization and Over-lexicalization in Nigerian Political Cartoon Discourse on Facebook","authors":"U. Bello","doi":"10.54692/jelle.2020.020223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2020.020223","url":null,"abstract":"Political Cartoons provide an avenue for people across the political spectrum to present their reactions to current events in a relaxed atmosphere. While such discourses provoke laughter in the audience, critical messages lie underneath them. Such messages can be retrieved by a very careful audience. Two major ways in which serious information is presented in cartoons are re lexicalization and over-lexicalization. This paper, therefore, investigated these phenomena in Nigerian political cartoon discourse. The data for this study was purposively selected Facebook political cartoons in Nigeria. Their selection was, therefore, motivated by the political topics they treated as well as the period in which they were posted. Those cartoons were posted in the first half of 2019, the period which was important in the history of Nigeria, being a period that spanned through pre-election, election and post-election experiences of the country. A multimodal approach was taken in the study— not only the lexical items in the cartoons were important in such a kind of discourse, the images as well as their color also contributed to re-lexicalization and over-lexicalization phenomena in the context of the discourse. The study revealed that Nigerian cartoonists re-lexicalize and over-lexicalize the existing lexical items in a bid to share critical information without causing so much embarrassment to the audience or the subject of political discourse.","PeriodicalId":127188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Language, Literature and Education","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128698753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-18DOI: 10.54692/jelle.2020.020275
Tayyaba Sharoof, Shafaq Shakeel, S. Hussain
Facebook has promoted the use of informal language among both teens and adults. This social website has resulted in the deterioration of orthographic knowledge of both age groups due to the use of non-standard spellings. This social media engine has also contributed to the destruction of the word knowledge of users. Most of the users are aware of the context in which the English words are employed on Facebook but are unaware of their standard dictionary meanings. All these factors combine in effecting the formal academic writing and social interaction of these users. This research aims at finding out the language change due to the use of informal language, orthography, and words with multiple meanings on Facebook. The study has investigated the corrosion of the formal language of Facebook users. The current study was conducted by following the mixed-method approach in a way that twenty Facebook public pages, administrated by teens and adults were analyzed and also survey questionnaire filled by Intermediate and Graduate students. The results showed that teens are an easy victim of this up-thrust of technology as compared to adults. The results of the study gave a visual display of the effect of orthography by the use of informal language and the words with multiple meanings on social interactions and formal writing of both teens and adults.
{"title":"Study of Language Change by the Promotion of Informal Language, Orthography and Words with Multiple Meanings on Facebook","authors":"Tayyaba Sharoof, Shafaq Shakeel, S. Hussain","doi":"10.54692/jelle.2020.020275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2020.020275","url":null,"abstract":"Facebook has promoted the use of informal language among both teens and adults. This social website has resulted in the deterioration of orthographic knowledge of both age groups due to the use of non-standard spellings. This social media engine has also contributed to the destruction of the word knowledge of users. Most of the users are aware of the context in which the English words are employed on Facebook but are unaware of their standard dictionary meanings. All these factors combine in effecting the formal academic writing and social interaction of these users. This research aims at finding out the language change due to the use of informal language, orthography, and words with multiple meanings on Facebook. The study has investigated the corrosion of the formal language of Facebook users. The current study was conducted by following the mixed-method approach in a way that twenty Facebook public pages, administrated by teens and adults were analyzed and also survey questionnaire filled by Intermediate and Graduate students. The results showed that teens are an easy victim of this up-thrust of technology as compared to adults. The results of the study gave a visual display of the effect of orthography by the use of informal language and the words with multiple meanings on social interactions and formal writing of both teens and adults.","PeriodicalId":127188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Language, Literature and Education","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122944376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-20DOI: 10.54692/jelle.2020.020178
M. Mehdi, Asad Ali, Faisal Khan
The research aims to investigate I.I. Kazi`s work, Adventures of the Brown Girl in her Search for God (1933), as an encountered discourse to atheism which is portrayed in Shaw`s work, the Adventures of Black Girl in Her Search of God (1932). The researcher also aims to analyze the characters of both stories under the light of theoretical framework. The researcher applies Sam Hariss, an atheist manifesto, to evaluate the selected data from Shaw's work and Islamic theory in the light of Quran is used to counter the discourse of Shaw. In current research, atheistic characters of G.B. Shaw`s story are encountered with theist characters of I.I. Kazi with the help of theoretical framework to understand the Concept of God. The researcher, in his research, states that I.I Kazi with the help of Brown girl and other characters of his story reject atheistic approach which Shaw has displayed in his work, The Adventure of Black Girl in Her Search for God. The researcher, in his research, also deconstructs the atheistic notion with the help of Brown Girl and theoretical framework. In addition, this research portrays the state of conflict between two concepts, Theism and Atheism. These two concepts have been discussed widely all over the world for many decades. In this research, the works of Allama I.I Kazi and G.B Shaw lead students to be cognizant of these ideologies. Along with this, research helps the students regarding the existence of God in the minds of those who raise questions of God's creation and His supremacy.
{"title":"The Question of the Creator: Juxtaposition of Contrastive Literary Rhetoric in Allama I.I. Kazi`s and G. B. Shaw`s Fictional Works","authors":"M. Mehdi, Asad Ali, Faisal Khan","doi":"10.54692/jelle.2020.020178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2020.020178","url":null,"abstract":"The research aims to investigate I.I. Kazi`s work, Adventures of the Brown Girl in her Search for God (1933), as an encountered discourse to atheism which is portrayed in Shaw`s work, the Adventures of Black Girl in Her Search of God (1932). The researcher also aims to analyze the characters of both stories under the light of theoretical framework. The researcher applies Sam Hariss, an atheist manifesto, to evaluate the selected data from Shaw's work and Islamic theory in the light of Quran is used to counter the discourse of Shaw. In current research, atheistic characters of G.B. Shaw`s story are encountered with theist characters of I.I. Kazi with the help of theoretical framework to understand the Concept of God. The researcher, in his research, states that I.I Kazi with the help of Brown girl and other characters of his story reject atheistic approach which Shaw has displayed in his work, The Adventure of Black Girl in Her Search for God. The researcher, in his research, also deconstructs the atheistic notion with the help of Brown Girl and theoretical framework. In addition, this research portrays the state of conflict between two concepts, Theism and Atheism. These two concepts have been discussed widely all over the world for many decades. In this research, the works of Allama I.I Kazi and G.B Shaw lead students to be cognizant of these ideologies. Along with this, research helps the students regarding the existence of God in the minds of those who raise questions of God's creation and His supremacy.","PeriodicalId":127188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Language, Literature and Education","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131875061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-20DOI: 10.54692/jelle.2020.020177
Nadir Ali Mugheri, Farhana Yasmeen, Sohaib Ahmed Indhar
Language and culture are allied and interrelated with each other as language carries culture with it while culture depends upon language. The mother language is also one of the most striking elements of any individual's life. At the same time, it also works as an integral tool in the uplift of any nation's future generations. Native language (L1)not only plays the main role in the communication process but also establishes an identity to an individual's entity as well as personality building, a certain class of the masses, and a nation at large. Mother language is a powerful element that engineers the psychological system or structure of an individual to secure the values, norms, history, and trends of a nation. This study has been carried out to focus and discuss the four significant grounds which include the development of a psychological hierarchy of a person with the help of mother tongue, nexuses of culture with mother language, the significance of mother tongue in primary education, and prevailing issues and their relevant solutions. Lastly, it is extracted that the first three elements establish basics and enclose the entire life of a person whereas; the last one nurtures as well as develops one's character, disposition, role, and part to ensure the progress of any nation through the mother tongue.
{"title":"The Role of Lingo-Cultural Identity in Nation Building: A Case Study of Sindhi Language","authors":"Nadir Ali Mugheri, Farhana Yasmeen, Sohaib Ahmed Indhar","doi":"10.54692/jelle.2020.020177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2020.020177","url":null,"abstract":"Language and culture are allied and interrelated with each other as language carries culture with it while culture depends upon language. The mother language is also one of the most striking elements of any individual's life. At the same time, it also works as an integral tool in the uplift of any nation's future generations. Native language (L1)not only plays the main role in the communication process but also establishes an identity to an individual's entity as well as personality building, a certain class of the masses, and a nation at large. Mother language is a powerful element that engineers the psychological system or structure of an individual to secure the values, norms, history, and trends of a nation. This study has been carried out to focus and discuss the four significant grounds which include the development of a psychological hierarchy of a person with the help of mother tongue, nexuses of culture with mother language, the significance of mother tongue in primary education, and prevailing issues and their relevant solutions. Lastly, it is extracted that the first three elements establish basics and enclose the entire life of a person whereas; the last one nurtures as well as develops one's character, disposition, role, and part to ensure the progress of any nation through the mother tongue.","PeriodicalId":127188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Language, Literature and Education","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116670918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-20DOI: 10.54692/jelle.2020.020144
Muhammad Ishtiaq Ali
This paper argues that the Pakistani telefilm Laal Baig carries incestuous overtones. Written by Bano Qudsia and directed by Mehreen Jabbar in 1999, Laal Baig is based on a conflict between a mother and her daughter-in-law. However, if it is critically revisited from a psychoanalytical perspective, it is realized that the distancing between the husband and wife stems from an incestuous relationship between the mother and the son. The specific terms extracted from the psychoanalytical theory include Oedipal Complex coined by Sigmund Freud and Jocasta Complex coined by Raymond de Saussure, considering that inclinations from both the mother and the son manifest themselves in the dramatic production under scrutiny. The telefilm's authentic file uploaded by the director herself on YouTube has been retrieved for analysis, while a 'reading between the lines' methodology has been applied on the dialogues of Laal Baig to procure the underlying ideas of the story and find answers to the following questions: What are the hidden reasons behind Begum Siddiqui's hatred for her daughter-in-law? Does this hatred find its roots in a tabooed feeling? If this is the case, then which dialogues from the telefilm insinuate an incestuous relation between Begum Siddiqui and Zafar? The study draws to a conclusion with the idea that Laal Baig provides a psychological justification for the common issue of Pakistan's married couples, that of an unfriendly relation between mothers and daughters-in-law.
{"title":"Incestuous Overtones in Mehreen Jabbar and Bano Qudsia's Laal Baig","authors":"Muhammad Ishtiaq Ali","doi":"10.54692/jelle.2020.020144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2020.020144","url":null,"abstract":"This paper argues that the Pakistani telefilm Laal Baig carries incestuous overtones. Written by Bano Qudsia and directed by Mehreen Jabbar in 1999, Laal Baig is based on a conflict between a mother and her daughter-in-law. However, if it is critically revisited from a psychoanalytical perspective, it is realized that the distancing between the husband and wife stems from an incestuous relationship between the mother and the son. The specific terms extracted from the psychoanalytical theory include Oedipal Complex coined by Sigmund Freud and Jocasta Complex coined by Raymond de Saussure, considering that inclinations from both the mother and the son manifest themselves in the dramatic production under scrutiny. The telefilm's authentic file uploaded by the director herself on YouTube has been retrieved for analysis, while a 'reading between the lines' methodology has been applied on the dialogues of Laal Baig to procure the underlying ideas of the story and find answers to the following questions: What are the hidden reasons behind Begum Siddiqui's hatred for her daughter-in-law? Does this hatred find its roots in a tabooed feeling? If this is the case, then which dialogues from the telefilm insinuate an incestuous relation between Begum Siddiqui and Zafar? The study draws to a conclusion with the idea that Laal Baig provides a psychological justification for the common issue of Pakistan's married couples, that of an unfriendly relation between mothers and daughters-in-law.","PeriodicalId":127188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Language, Literature and Education","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129344320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-20DOI: 10.54692/jelle.2020.020146
Aleena Hussain
The debate regarding human morality and human conscience is a crucial part of history in the present and the future of humanity. This debate on what's in actuality is 'good' and right, and what is 'bad' or the evil is an integral part of philosophy, Be specific on the philosophy literature and basic ethical considerations. This research defines and differentiates between good actions and moralistic thoughts. For this purpose, Plato and Immanuel Kant were selected for the moralistic comparison. The philosophy of Kant regarding good and virtuous actions performed through free will and the shift from transcendental aesthetics towards transcendental logic is observed and compared with the theories presented by Plato. Plato details the movement of human morals and intellectuality from sheer ignorance towards knowledge or the intellectual realm with the analogy of the Cave and the Simile of the Divided Line. This moralistic comparison is drawn through the moral analysis on the text of Oedipus the King by Sophocles. This research concludes that although the two philosophies diverge and differ in their perspectives of the good but strive for man to achieve and attain the 'good' and wisdom. However, this research is limited in the sense that not all the angles of these philosophers' theories were analyzed and some parts of the text under consideration was left untouched. This research is open for further study.
{"title":"Oedipus Rex: In the Light of Kant's and Plato's Ideas of 'Good'","authors":"Aleena Hussain","doi":"10.54692/jelle.2020.020146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2020.020146","url":null,"abstract":"The debate regarding human morality and human conscience is a crucial part of history in the present and the future of humanity. This debate on what's in actuality is 'good' and right, and what is 'bad' or the evil is an integral part of philosophy, Be specific on the philosophy literature and basic ethical considerations. This research defines and differentiates between good actions and moralistic thoughts. For this purpose, Plato and Immanuel Kant were selected for the moralistic comparison. The philosophy of Kant regarding good and virtuous actions performed through free will and the shift from transcendental aesthetics towards transcendental logic is observed and compared with the theories presented by Plato. Plato details the movement of human morals and intellectuality from sheer ignorance towards knowledge or the intellectual realm with the analogy of the Cave and the Simile of the Divided Line. This moralistic comparison is drawn through the moral analysis on the text of Oedipus the King by Sophocles. This research concludes that although the two philosophies diverge and differ in their perspectives of the good but strive for man to achieve and attain the 'good' and wisdom. However, this research is limited in the sense that not all the angles of these philosophers' theories were analyzed and some parts of the text under consideration was left untouched. This research is open for further study.","PeriodicalId":127188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Language, Literature and Education","volume":"154 10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131362045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-20DOI: 10.54692/jelle.2020.020179
Zafar Ullah, Fakiha Iqbal Shah
This study aims to investigate the accuracy of Google Translate regarding the translation of idioms and proverbs from and to English language. The shortcomings of Google Translate and the limitations of Neural Machine Translation have also been pointed out after in-depth analysis of carefully chosen examples from authentic lexicons. An experiment has been conducted by running Urdu and English idioms, proverbs and other linguistic expressions through Google Translate. The theoretical framework of Antoine Berman's twelve deforming tendencies has been employed to analyse these examples and Mixed Methods design has been applied for the evaluation in the study. The error analysis highlighted all the linguistic mistakes and errors committed by the software during Google machine translation. Major contribution of this study is the provision of the accurate alternatives for the wrong translation. This study plays a diagnostic role in identifying and classifying those errors. Furthermore, it contributes in improving the quality of Machine Translation from Urdu to English and English to Urdu. In the end, suggestions for the effective advancements in the software have also been provided.
{"title":"Investigating the Accuracy of Google Translate in Translating Urdu Linguistic Elements","authors":"Zafar Ullah, Fakiha Iqbal Shah","doi":"10.54692/jelle.2020.020179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2020.020179","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate the accuracy of Google Translate regarding the translation of idioms and proverbs from and to English language. The shortcomings of Google Translate and the limitations of Neural Machine Translation have also been pointed out after in-depth analysis of carefully chosen examples from authentic lexicons. An experiment has been conducted by running Urdu and English idioms, proverbs and other linguistic expressions through Google Translate. The theoretical framework of Antoine Berman's twelve deforming tendencies has been employed to analyse these examples and Mixed Methods design has been applied for the evaluation in the study. The error analysis highlighted all the linguistic mistakes and errors committed by the software during Google machine translation. Major contribution of this study is the provision of the accurate alternatives for the wrong translation. This study plays a diagnostic role in identifying and classifying those errors. Furthermore, it contributes in improving the quality of Machine Translation from Urdu to English and English to Urdu. In the end, suggestions for the effective advancements in the software have also been provided.","PeriodicalId":127188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Language, Literature and Education","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123614767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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