Pub Date : 2021-06-07DOI: 10.54692/jelle.2021.020457
M. Khan, Nausheen Rasheed, Shaheen Rasheed
Implicatures perform an important role in creating humour or imparting different shades of meaning to a message. Similarly, flouting has become one of the common features in our daily communication. The focus of this paper is to study the cooperative principles in Camus' French play, The Misunderstanding (1943). This is a qualitative research. For this purpose, the data has been collected through the purposive sampling technique. In this study, the framework of Grice (1975) has been adopted, in which he described four maxims that should be obeyed by a speaker while making a conversation. The present study explores that in what ways the Gricean maxims have been flouted by the characters of the play. Findings reveal that there are 24 implicatures found in 16 utterances. Out of these 24 implicatures, the maxim of quantity has been flouted more than the others as it appears with the ratio of 9/24. Then comes the maxim of manner with the ratio of 8/24. The maxim of a relation comes on the third rank with the ratio of 6/24 and in the last comes the maxim of quality with the lowest ratio of 1/24. This study can be further expanded to find out the scalar implicatures and speech acts in the selected play.
{"title":"Analysis of Conversational Implicatures in Camus' The Misunderstanding: A Pragmatic Exploration","authors":"M. Khan, Nausheen Rasheed, Shaheen Rasheed","doi":"10.54692/jelle.2021.020457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2021.020457","url":null,"abstract":"Implicatures perform an important role in creating humour or imparting different shades of meaning to a message. Similarly, flouting has become one of the common features in our daily communication. The focus of this paper is to study the cooperative principles in Camus' French play, The Misunderstanding (1943). This is a qualitative research. For this purpose, the data has been collected through the purposive sampling technique. In this study, the framework of Grice (1975) has been adopted, in which he described four maxims that should be obeyed by a speaker while making a conversation. The present study explores that in what ways the Gricean maxims have been flouted by the characters of the play. Findings reveal that there are 24 implicatures found in 16 utterances. Out of these 24 implicatures, the maxim of quantity has been flouted more than the others as it appears with the ratio of 9/24. Then comes the maxim of manner with the ratio of 8/24. The maxim of a relation comes on the third rank with the ratio of 6/24 and in the last comes the maxim of quality with the lowest ratio of 1/24. This study can be further expanded to find out the scalar implicatures and speech acts in the selected play.","PeriodicalId":127188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Language, Literature and Education","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134222715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-07DOI: 10.54692/jelle.2021.020466
Javeedul Islam, Tabassum Saba
Pakistani Toastmasters, while delivering speeches in English language, face a considerable number of difficulties. These difficulties arise on a syntactic, semantic and phonological levels and make it difficult for Pakistani Toastmasters to effectively express themselves in English language. This research explores the linguistic problems faced by the Pakistani Toastmasters and investigates the reasons behind those problems. The population for this research was taken from Lahore Toastmasters Club and by following the qualitative research paradigm, this research not only investigated the linguistic problems of Toastmasters but also offered solutions to uproot them.
{"title":"Exploring the Linguistic Problems of Toastmasters Club Pakistan","authors":"Javeedul Islam, Tabassum Saba","doi":"10.54692/jelle.2021.020466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2021.020466","url":null,"abstract":"Pakistani Toastmasters, while delivering speeches in English language, face a considerable number of difficulties. These difficulties arise on a syntactic, semantic and phonological levels and make it difficult for Pakistani Toastmasters to effectively express themselves in English language. This research explores the linguistic problems faced by the Pakistani Toastmasters and investigates the reasons behind those problems. The population for this research was taken from Lahore Toastmasters Club and by following the qualitative research paradigm, this research not only investigated the linguistic problems of Toastmasters but also offered solutions to uproot them.","PeriodicalId":127188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Language, Literature and Education","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115141044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-07DOI: 10.54692/jelle.2021.020450
Rubab Ali
Henrik Ibsen being the founder of Modernism in theatrical works and the father of Realism in scriptwriting, had revealed his values of Realism by writing the play The Pillars of Society in 1877. The play is about a corrupt businessman who made his fortune by stealing and blaming an innocent person and assumes himself to be a pillar of society. His affair with an actress results in an illegitimate and unacknowledged daughter. After his son is placed in a perilous position, he realizes the error of his ways and repents. The framework of the research was to apply the Butterfly Effect Theory and Northrop Frye's Criticism on plots and kinds of heroes to identify the types of the particular realistic hero (i.e. Karsten Bernick) and the ending. The analysis represents the minor events that took place in the four act play that leads to the defined ending. The results portray certain dialogues and events that were reasonable to reach the ending and describe the protagonist as a low mimetic hero with a redemptive ending.
{"title":"Effect of Butterfly Theory on The Pillars of Society in Light of Northrop Frye's Criticism","authors":"Rubab Ali","doi":"10.54692/jelle.2021.020450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2021.020450","url":null,"abstract":"Henrik Ibsen being the founder of Modernism in theatrical works and the father of Realism in scriptwriting, had revealed his values of Realism by writing the play The Pillars of Society in 1877. The play is about a corrupt businessman who made his fortune by stealing and blaming an innocent person and assumes himself to be a pillar of society. His affair with an actress results in an illegitimate and unacknowledged daughter. After his son is placed in a perilous position, he realizes the error of his ways and repents. The framework of the research was to apply the Butterfly Effect Theory and Northrop Frye's Criticism on plots and kinds of heroes to identify the types of the particular realistic hero (i.e. Karsten Bernick) and the ending. The analysis represents the minor events that took place in the four act play that leads to the defined ending. The results portray certain dialogues and events that were reasonable to reach the ending and describe the protagonist as a low mimetic hero with a redemptive ending.","PeriodicalId":127188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Language, Literature and Education","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115625206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-07DOI: 10.54692/jelle.2021.020463
Fizza Riaz, M. Ranjha, Tahseen Muhammad
Gender is a socially assigned phenomenon that includes all the societal expectations, values and content of identity formation which are associated with men and women. Gender has a great importance in the process of identity formation in the children. From the age of seven, children try to create the gender notion fixed in their mind. They tend to learn that a person's outward form can be changed however masculinity or femininity remains fixed. So, they are inclined to form their own perception regarding gender. Formal education in the age can help a child to associate himself and others with the information he receives through education. Considering the impact of education, the study was conducted to observe the gender portrayal in the pictures and text of English textbook of class 8th. The study calculated the frequency of the representation of gender in the text and pictures as well as the notions associated with genders were observed through the content analysis. The themes were derived to grasp the main ideas discussed in the book. The study revealed the gender disparity in the content of the textbook. An underrepresentation of female was observed in both pictures and text of the textbook. The theme of women empowerment was not well supported in the content of textbook as the active inclusion of females is made only once in it. It is suggested that in order to construct the gender sensitizedcontent, curriculum must be composed with the inclusion of gender experts in theteam of book construction
{"title":"Interpretation of Gender Perspective in Punjab English Textbook 8","authors":"Fizza Riaz, M. Ranjha, Tahseen Muhammad","doi":"10.54692/jelle.2021.020463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2021.020463","url":null,"abstract":"Gender is a socially assigned phenomenon that includes all the societal expectations, values and content of identity formation which are associated with men and women. Gender has a great importance in the process of identity formation in the children. From the age of seven, children try to create the gender notion fixed in their mind. They tend to learn that a person's outward form can be changed however masculinity or femininity remains fixed. So, they are inclined to form their own perception regarding gender. Formal education in the age can help a child to associate himself and others with the information he receives through education. Considering the impact of education, the study was conducted to observe the gender portrayal in the pictures and text of English textbook of class 8th. The study calculated the frequency of the representation of gender in the text and pictures as well as the notions associated with genders were observed through the content analysis. The themes were derived to grasp the main ideas discussed in the book. The study revealed the gender disparity in the content of the textbook. An underrepresentation of female was observed in both pictures and text of the textbook. The theme of women empowerment was not well supported in the content of textbook as the active inclusion of females is made only once in it. It is suggested that in order to construct the gender sensitizedcontent, curriculum must be composed with the inclusion of gender experts in theteam of book construction","PeriodicalId":127188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Language, Literature and Education","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126745436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-07DOI: 10.54692/jelle.2021.020465
Rehmat Naseer, Amna Umer Cheema
This paper examines the struggle of queer people through the perspective of the term Queer in Arundhati Roy's The Ministry of Utmost Happiness (2017). This paper aims to explore the persistent struggle of queer minorities in Indian society, their challenges to the cultural traditions of heteronormative society and their modes of resistance. The paper mainly focuses on the protagonist of the early part of the novel, Anjum, formerly Aftab, who is one of the socially abandoned transgender characters of modern India. The purpose of this research is to explore the queer subversion against the heteronormative ideals in Roy's novel and to show through Anjum’s vision of queer resistance and utopia. In the novel, Anjum's choice of leaving her house and living in a queer utopia, fighting individually with the society throughout her life, establishing a small, but self-dependent community in the graveyard, and sheltering the minorities like “queers, addicts, orphans, Muslims and other dropouts from the society” (Zubair, 2018, p. 35), does not exhibit her defeat or helplessness, but her defiance and rebellion against the status quo. This act has also empowered her to redefine her life in the best possible way by creating an alternative Duniya where she could shelter “all people from different shades and shapes of life” (Raina, 2017, p. 837).
本文通过Arundhati Roy的《极致幸福部》(2017)中的“酷儿”一词来审视酷儿群体的斗争。本文旨在探讨印度社会中酷儿少数群体的持续斗争，他们对异性恋社会文化传统的挑战以及他们的抵抗方式。本文主要关注小说前半部分的主人公Anjum，原名Aftab，她是现代印度被社会抛弃的跨性别人物之一。本研究旨在探讨罗伊小说中酷儿对异性恋规范理想的颠覆，并通过安朱姆对酷儿反抗和乌托邦的看法来展示。在小说中，安琼选择离开自己的家，生活在一个酷儿乌托邦中，一生与社会单独抗争，在墓地中建立一个小而自立的社区，庇护“酷儿、瘾君子、孤儿、穆斯林和其他从社会中辍学的人”(Zubair, 2018, p. 35)等少数群体，这并不是她的失败或无助，而是她对现状的蔑视和反抗。这一行为也使她能够以最好的方式重新定义自己的生活，通过创造另一个杜尼亚，她可以庇护“所有来自不同阴影和形状的生活的人”(Raina, 2017, p. 837)。
{"title":"Queer Struggle, Defiance and Victory of Hijra in Arundhati Roy's The Ministry of Utmost Happiness","authors":"Rehmat Naseer, Amna Umer Cheema","doi":"10.54692/jelle.2021.020465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2021.020465","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the struggle of queer people through the perspective of the term Queer in Arundhati Roy's The Ministry of Utmost Happiness (2017). This paper aims to explore the persistent struggle of queer minorities in Indian society, their challenges to the cultural traditions of heteronormative society and their modes of resistance. The paper mainly focuses on the protagonist of the early part of the novel, Anjum, formerly Aftab, who is one of the socially abandoned transgender characters of modern India. The purpose of this research is to explore the queer subversion against the heteronormative ideals in Roy's novel and to show through Anjum’s vision of queer resistance and utopia. In the novel, Anjum's choice of leaving her house and living in a queer utopia, fighting individually with the society throughout her life, establishing a small, but self-dependent community in the graveyard, and sheltering the minorities like “queers, addicts, orphans, Muslims and other dropouts from the society” (Zubair, 2018, p. 35), does not exhibit her defeat or helplessness, but her defiance and rebellion against the status quo. This act has also empowered her to redefine her life in the best possible way by creating an alternative Duniya where she could shelter “all people from different shades and shapes of life” (Raina, 2017, p. 837).","PeriodicalId":127188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Language, Literature and Education","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115596227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-29DOI: 10.54692/jelle.2021.020370
Haleema Majeed, S. Batool, Javeria Maqsood
Newspaper is an important genre and a source through which people can get information related to different topics and issues. In the newspaper columns, authors express their viewpoints through their writing. Many studies have been conducted on the move structure analysis of different genres. But there is limited significant work done on the move structure of the columns. The current study aims at exploring move structure in the newspaper columns and to analyze function of these move patterns in the text of newspaper columns. The data for the current study was collected from two Pakistani English newspapers; The Pakistan Today and The Nation. A total of fifty columns were randomly taken for the current study, twenty five columns from each newspaper. The selected columns were written by different authors and these were published in November, 2018. Then, these newspaper columns were analyzed manually by using the theoretical assumptions of Swales' (1990) and Bhatia' (1993) concept of genre analysis and different moves were identified in the selected columns. The findings of the study showed that there were five most frequently occurring moves; title, introduction, discussion, conclusion and recommendations. It was also found that the writers employed these moves as different strategies to engage readers in the text and convey information and their stand point about an issue. At last, the researcher came up with the proposed model for move structure in newspaper columns. The current study will be significant for the novice writers who want to produce their own writing effectively in the newspaper columns and will broaden the horizon of genre analysis of different newspaper sub-genres.
{"title":"Move Structure Analysis of Pakistani Newspaper Columns","authors":"Haleema Majeed, S. Batool, Javeria Maqsood","doi":"10.54692/jelle.2021.020370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2021.020370","url":null,"abstract":"Newspaper is an important genre and a source through which people can get information related to different topics and issues. In the newspaper columns, authors express their viewpoints through their writing. Many studies have been conducted on the move structure analysis of different genres. But there is limited significant work done on the move structure of the columns. The current study aims at exploring move structure in the newspaper columns and to analyze function of these move patterns in the text of newspaper columns. The data for the current study was collected from two Pakistani English newspapers; The Pakistan Today and The Nation. A total of fifty columns were randomly taken for the current study, twenty five columns from each newspaper. The selected columns were written by different authors and these were published in November, 2018. Then, these newspaper columns were analyzed manually by using the theoretical assumptions of Swales' (1990) and Bhatia' (1993) concept of genre analysis and different moves were identified in the selected columns. The findings of the study showed that there were five most frequently occurring moves; title, introduction, discussion, conclusion and recommendations. It was also found that the writers employed these moves as different strategies to engage readers in the text and convey information and their stand point about an issue. At last, the researcher came up with the proposed model for move structure in newspaper columns. The current study will be significant for the novice writers who want to produce their own writing effectively in the newspaper columns and will broaden the horizon of genre analysis of different newspaper sub-genres.","PeriodicalId":127188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Language, Literature and Education","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116276762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-29DOI: 10.54692/jelle.2021.020367
M. Mehdi, Asmat Mehmood, A. Ali
Every individual faces existential crises at some point in life, especially when he or she is going through hard times. The human mind, human body, human health, and disease can be seen as directly or indirectly linked to spirituality. Past research has shown that spirituality is one of the most important determinants of physical and mental health. Spirituality has proved to be quite effective in the field of neuroscience. However, little work has been done on how it plays a role in the development of a healthy mind. Sufism is considered to be a prominent spiritual phenomenon in Islam, Buddhism, and Christianity. It is believed that Sufism plays a positive role in bringing harmony to people and their existence.ElifShafak is one of those writers who are deeply moved by the Sufi phenomenon and how it plays its part in the positive transformation of the individual. This research analyses Sufism and spirituality and tries to explain how Sufism and Spirituality can help with existential crises and the healing of mental health problems, as illustrated in ElifShafak's novel The Forty Rules of Love. This study employs a qualitative method of analysis and helps to understand the religious experiences and the love that affects the actions of the individual and how this brings about a positive change in one's life by providing a new perspective.
{"title":"Role of Sufism and Spirituality in Psychological Well Being: A Study of Elif Shafak's 'The Forty Rules of Love' From a Cognitive and Existential Perspective","authors":"M. Mehdi, Asmat Mehmood, A. Ali","doi":"10.54692/jelle.2021.020367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2021.020367","url":null,"abstract":"Every individual faces existential crises at some point in life, especially when he or she is going through hard times. The human mind, human body, human health, and disease can be seen as directly or indirectly linked to spirituality. Past research has shown that spirituality is one of the most important determinants of physical and mental health. Spirituality has proved to be quite effective in the field of neuroscience. However, little work has been done on how it plays a role in the development of a healthy mind. Sufism is considered to be a prominent spiritual phenomenon in Islam, Buddhism, and Christianity. It is believed that Sufism plays a positive role in bringing harmony to people and their existence.ElifShafak is one of those writers who are deeply moved by the Sufi phenomenon and how it plays its part in the positive transformation of the individual. This research analyses Sufism and spirituality and tries to explain how Sufism and Spirituality can help with existential crises and the healing of mental health problems, as illustrated in ElifShafak's novel The Forty Rules of Love. This study employs a qualitative method of analysis and helps to understand the religious experiences and the love that affects the actions of the individual and how this brings about a positive change in one's life by providing a new perspective.","PeriodicalId":127188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Language, Literature and Education","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121964733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-29DOI: 10.54692/jelle.2021.020368
M. Khan, Nausheen Rasheed, Shaheen Rasheed
A plethora of researches have been conducted to improve the grammar teaching technique of English language in order to make it easier for the students to learn English in a fun way. To teach the grammar, the corpus approach proves to be very beneficial. The focus of this study is to explore the way how literary poems can be of great use for teaching English language to the students, by using a Simple Concordance Program Scp (4.09). For this purpose, we have selected four English poems. This is an exploratory research. This study investigates the ways in which the application of Corpus Analysis Tool on poems can assist English language teaching. Hence, it makes it easy for the students in ELT classrooms to comprehend the grammatical structures. The results illustrate that the Scp (4.09) tool helps in extracting the words with higher frequency rate but as well as in the teaching of imperative, conditional sentences, present (indefinite, continuous and perfect) and simple past tenses, as it provides the concordances of the words. Further researchers can find out the word collocations by using the same tool. Moreover, the selected poems in this study, can be analyzed through other corpus tools available. This study can also be expanded to the stylistic analysis of the poems. The literary devices used by both poets can be studied, compared and taught to the students.
{"title":"Teaching Grammar through Literature to EFL Learners: A Corpus Approach","authors":"M. Khan, Nausheen Rasheed, Shaheen Rasheed","doi":"10.54692/jelle.2021.020368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2021.020368","url":null,"abstract":"A plethora of researches have been conducted to improve the grammar teaching technique of English language in order to make it easier for the students to learn English in a fun way. To teach the grammar, the corpus approach proves to be very beneficial. The focus of this study is to explore the way how literary poems can be of great use for teaching English language to the students, by using a Simple Concordance Program Scp (4.09). For this purpose, we have selected four English poems. This is an exploratory research. This study investigates the ways in which the application of Corpus Analysis Tool on poems can assist English language teaching. Hence, it makes it easy for the students in ELT classrooms to comprehend the grammatical structures. The results illustrate that the Scp (4.09) tool helps in extracting the words with higher frequency rate but as well as in the teaching of imperative, conditional sentences, present (indefinite, continuous and perfect) and simple past tenses, as it provides the concordances of the words. Further researchers can find out the word collocations by using the same tool. Moreover, the selected poems in this study, can be analyzed through other corpus tools available. This study can also be expanded to the stylistic analysis of the poems. The literary devices used by both poets can be studied, compared and taught to the students.","PeriodicalId":127188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Language, Literature and Education","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127886158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-29DOI: 10.54692/jelle.2021.020369
Shabbir Ahmed, Muhammad Mushtaq, Fariha Chauhdari
This paper analyses the theme of mutual female bonding of black women in Toni Morrison's novel Love (2003). Sisterhood might be a weapon against alienation experienced by black women created by various factors as racial, gender and class injustices. However, this female friendship of black women in Morrison suffers a serious setback and changes into an alienated relationship in the long run because of powerful temptations under the canopy of the patriarchal structure of marriage and class strata. While highlighting the healing power of female companionship which may allow women to survive in the face of challenges and injustices, this study brings forth an argument that this female friendship is ultimately damaged by explicit or implicit patriarchal forces working under the platform of social institutions of marriage and class. Through this failed female friendship, Morrison warns her female readers to be on guard against the omnipresent fatal patriarchal forces in operation against them.
{"title":"A Study of Alienation in Toni Morrison's Love: Poverty, Patriarchal Institution of Marriage and Female Friendship","authors":"Shabbir Ahmed, Muhammad Mushtaq, Fariha Chauhdari","doi":"10.54692/jelle.2021.020369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2021.020369","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the theme of mutual female bonding of black women in Toni Morrison's novel Love (2003). Sisterhood might be a weapon against alienation experienced by black women created by various factors as racial, gender and class injustices. However, this female friendship of black women in Morrison suffers a serious setback and changes into an alienated relationship in the long run because of powerful temptations under the canopy of the patriarchal structure of marriage and class strata. While highlighting the healing power of female companionship which may allow women to survive in the face of challenges and injustices, this study brings forth an argument that this female friendship is ultimately damaged by explicit or implicit patriarchal forces working under the platform of social institutions of marriage and class. Through this failed female friendship, Morrison warns her female readers to be on guard against the omnipresent fatal patriarchal forces in operation against them.","PeriodicalId":127188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Language, Literature and Education","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124276436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-24DOI: 10.54692/jelle.2021.020371
Y. Iqbal
This paper aims to explore the impact of English on Pakistani names making them Anglicized. The local names are abbreviated in order to look modern or to show prestige on the part of the users. This phenomenon presents a discrete variety of Pakistani English (PE). The researcher conducted a corpus-based analysis (The Newspaper Analysis of 'The News', September 2017) to show the frequency of the Anglicized names. For the data analysis, the AntConc 3.2.1 was used to handle the corpus. The data were presented in the form of tables to show their frequency and percentage. The study proved that such Anglicized names in the abbreviated forms had their role in creating a new variety of Pakistani English. The results were generalized with reference to the understandability and habitual usage of such abbreviations.
本文旨在探讨英语对巴基斯坦人名英语化的影响。当地的名字被缩写是为了看起来更现代或显示用户的威望。这一现象呈现出巴基斯坦英语(PE)的离散变体。研究人员进行了基于语料库的分析(The Newspaper analysis of The News, 2017年9月)，以显示英语化名称的频率。数据分析采用AntConc 3.2.1对语料库进行处理。数据以表格的形式呈现，以显示其频率和百分比。研究证明，这些英文名的缩写形式在创造巴基斯坦英语的新变体方面发挥了作用。并结合这些缩略语的可理解性和使用习惯对结果进行了概括。
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