Pub Date : 2020-05-18DOI: 10.54692/jelle.2020.01047
Nabeela Taimur Ali
Bilingual or multilingual is the product of our global village. To excel in their fields people are learning different languages. Code-switching has been discussed by linguists with reference to success. Code-switching for persuasion is used everywhere in politics, education, business, etc. Luna and Peracchio (2005) researched in the field of advertisement, the impact of code-switching on persuasion, for bilingual consumers. They proved that due to the code-switching level of persuasion in the field of advertisement goes to the highest point. They used and extended the markedness model. This left the need for dealing with code-switching, in connection to persuasion from a different perspective. This research deals with codeswitching in relation to persuasion and the field of advertisement, from a totally different perspective, which is Neuro-Linguistic Programming. Neuro-Linguistic Programming was developed in the early 1970s by computer scientist Bandler (1970) and a linguist Grinder (1970). "NLP is a tool kit", Bandler (2010) which helps people in achieving their goals. The lens of NLP utilized in this research includes Representational systems, Anchoring, Rapport, Hypnotic language patterns or hypnotic effects, etc. Method of this research is observation and for the sake of authenticity close and open-ended questionnaires were utilized. 60 to 70 Pakistani ads from newspapers, billboards, pamphlets, etc. and T-V commercials were observed from the lens of NLP in connection to code-switching for persuasion. For Pakistan the field NLP is new but its worldwide usage and popularity shows that it iseffective. For an advertising man, NLP is a magical tool kit which is proved by this research. This research is not only helpful for the people of marketing and advertisement. It is helpful for those who want to speak effectively and lead in their social circles.
{"title":"Code-Switching for Persuasion from the Lens of Neuro-Linguistic Programming","authors":"Nabeela Taimur Ali","doi":"10.54692/jelle.2020.01047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2020.01047","url":null,"abstract":"Bilingual or multilingual is the product of our global village. To excel in their fields people are learning different languages. Code-switching has been discussed by linguists with reference to success. Code-switching for persuasion is used everywhere in politics, education, business, etc. Luna and Peracchio (2005) researched in the field of advertisement, the impact of code-switching on persuasion, for bilingual consumers. They proved that due to the code-switching level of persuasion in the field of advertisement goes to the highest point. They used and extended the markedness model. This left the need for dealing with code-switching, in connection to persuasion from a different perspective. This research deals with codeswitching in relation to persuasion and the field of advertisement, from a totally different perspective, which is Neuro-Linguistic Programming. Neuro-Linguistic Programming was developed in the early 1970s by computer scientist Bandler (1970) and a linguist Grinder (1970). \"NLP is a tool kit\", Bandler (2010) which helps people in achieving their goals. The lens of NLP utilized in this research includes Representational systems, Anchoring, Rapport, Hypnotic language patterns or hypnotic effects, etc. Method of this research is observation and for the sake of authenticity close and open-ended questionnaires were utilized. 60 to 70 Pakistani ads from newspapers, billboards, pamphlets, etc. and T-V commercials were observed from the lens of NLP in connection to code-switching for persuasion. For Pakistan the field NLP is new but its worldwide usage and popularity shows that it iseffective. For an advertising man, NLP is a magical tool kit which is proved by this research. This research is not only helpful for the people of marketing and advertisement. It is helpful for those who want to speak effectively and lead in their social circles.","PeriodicalId":127188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Language, Literature and Education","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115161315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-18DOI: 10.54692/jelle.2020.010410
Muhammad Saleh Habib
Dr. Nighat Shakur's statistical research in the 2014 issue of Pakistan Journal of Language and Translation Studies (PJLTS) highlights a major concern of the depletion of regional/local languages of Pakistan. The reason for the depletion is due to the world (including Pakistani academic discourse) moving forward with globalization and adopting English as the lingua franca. With this concern in mind, a lingual-literary theory is required that provides practical solutions towards keeping the Pakistani (national) and its regional cultural richness intact. This can be helpful in order to keep pace with the 'globalizing' world – that is our only option. But we need to hold on to our roots and pride as an independent Pakistani identity and we need to move beyond the 200-year colonial legacy. The paper explores the need for a 'National Translation Theory' which provides an overview of how regional/local languages, literature/s, and cultural knowledge/s need to be disseminated in other languages (particularly English as lingua franca) while keeping the sense and essence of nationalistic pride intact. Inversely, other languages, literature/s, and cultural knowledge/s need to be translated into the local/regional languages of Pakistan to promote the positive globalization from a transcultural perspective. Both these attempts then need to be practiced in the academic discourse to promote its practicality. The key research questions for this study include: How are we still suffering from the colonial identity crisis? What are the good literary and translation examples that could serve as a precursor for developing such a theory? What should be the policies/steps (monetary, challenges, government support etc.) that can frame such a theory?
{"title":"The Need for a 'National Translation Theory' in the Pakistani Academic Discourse","authors":"Muhammad Saleh Habib","doi":"10.54692/jelle.2020.010410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2020.010410","url":null,"abstract":"Dr. Nighat Shakur's statistical research in the 2014 issue of Pakistan Journal of Language and Translation Studies (PJLTS) highlights a major concern of the depletion of regional/local languages of Pakistan. The reason for the depletion is due to the world (including Pakistani academic discourse) moving forward with globalization and adopting English as the lingua franca. With this concern in mind, a lingual-literary theory is required that provides practical solutions towards keeping the Pakistani (national) and its regional cultural richness intact. This can be helpful in order to keep pace with the 'globalizing' world – that is our only option. But we need to hold on to our roots and pride as an independent Pakistani identity and we need to move beyond the 200-year colonial legacy. The paper explores the need for a 'National Translation Theory' which provides an overview of how regional/local languages, literature/s, and cultural knowledge/s need to be disseminated in other languages (particularly English as lingua franca) while keeping the sense and essence of nationalistic pride intact. Inversely, other languages, literature/s, and cultural knowledge/s need to be translated into the local/regional languages of Pakistan to promote the positive globalization from a transcultural perspective. Both these attempts then need to be practiced in the academic discourse to promote its practicality. The key research questions for this study include: How are we still suffering from the colonial identity crisis? What are the good literary and translation examples that could serve as a precursor for developing such a theory? What should be the policies/steps (monetary, challenges, government support etc.) that can frame such a theory?","PeriodicalId":127188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Language, Literature and Education","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132682747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-18DOI: 10.54692/jelle.2020.01049
Momal Zahra
This qualitative research identifies Foucault's idea of panoptical surveillance (1995) based on Jeremy Bentham's ideal prison in The Story of a Widow by Musharraf Ali Farooqi. Research draws parallel between 'panopticon' and societal surveillance which is in the form of traditions, norms, male gaze and resistance strategies and traces behaviour of characters in response to surveillance. The character of novel's protagonist – Mona is particularly analyzed through panoptic lens of theory. This study traces notion of “ideology” and “interpellation” from Althusser's essay “Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses” (1971) in order to depict struggle of Mona against ideological surveillance. Social ideologies form identity of individuals and thrust their power and subjection on Mona who in turn fights for creating her own identity. The research endeavours to explore struggle of women in finding 'Self' under societal surveillance and ideologies which hail people as 'subjects'. It also aims to study whether it is possible for a woman to attain self-satisfaction by rebelling against prevailing societal notions which act as hurdle in practicing their rights or not. This research will further help to discover dynamics of power and authority for both genders and shall establish humanistic approach of gender equality. It will aid in inculcating the notion that societal surveillance should be beneficial for growth of all individuals rather than restricting the autonomy of some (women) in society which leads to social unrest.
{"title":"Dynamics of Surveillance and Discovery of Self in Musharraf Ali Farooqi's The Story of a Widow","authors":"Momal Zahra","doi":"10.54692/jelle.2020.01049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2020.01049","url":null,"abstract":"This qualitative research identifies Foucault's idea of panoptical surveillance (1995) based on Jeremy Bentham's ideal prison in The Story of a Widow by Musharraf Ali Farooqi. Research draws parallel between 'panopticon' and societal surveillance which is in the form of traditions, norms, male gaze and resistance strategies and traces behaviour of characters in response to surveillance. The character of novel's protagonist – Mona is particularly analyzed through panoptic lens of theory. This study traces notion of “ideology” and “interpellation” from Althusser's essay “Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses” (1971) in order to depict struggle of Mona against ideological surveillance. Social ideologies form identity of individuals and thrust their power and subjection on Mona who in turn fights for creating her own identity. The research endeavours to explore struggle of women in finding 'Self' under societal surveillance and ideologies which hail people as 'subjects'. It also aims to study whether it is possible for a woman to attain self-satisfaction by rebelling against prevailing societal notions which act as hurdle in practicing their rights or not. This research will further help to discover dynamics of power and authority for both genders and shall establish humanistic approach of gender equality. It will aid in inculcating the notion that societal surveillance should be beneficial for growth of all individuals rather than restricting the autonomy of some (women) in society which leads to social unrest.","PeriodicalId":127188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Language, Literature and Education","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130317353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-18DOI: 10.54692/jelle.2020.01048
Ifrah Afzal
Jamil Ahmed's The Wandering Falcon envisions the ecological landscape of the tribal areas of Pakistan as the first setting of man when he primarily trod the earth. Relating that every individual contains in his or her essence a “tribal gene” , Jamil Ahmed empathises with the tribesmen of Balochistan, transforming them into everyman regardless of time and space. The brutally all-consuming natural terrain of Balochistan is highlighted through the four natural classical elements such as the wind, earth, water and fire, which according to ancient Greeks formed the basis of analysis in understanding both the natural and the material world. These non-human spheres whether it be the blistering wind of a hundred and twenty days, the wasted, barren land where the borders of Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan meet, the waterhole where thirst ridden men find momentary respite or the fire and armour that the tribesmen always carry, demonstrate how the path between the natural and the human has refused to coalesce in harmony despite the struggle of the Pawindahs, these foot people, to keep it so. The dynamics of intervention are made more vividly clear through the character of Tor Baaz, whose name means the wandering falcon, and where he becomes a symbol of both human dissonance and the unforgiving nonhuman forces operating on man. Ironically enough it is through his character that Ahmed tries to provide a significant pathway where conflict and conservation of an old way of life overlap. Roaming the peripheral spaces amid tribes in the land, Tor Baaz becomes that liminal sphere within boundaries or borders that resist change to the new, adopted civilized way of life. Thus, Jamil Ahmed's ecocriticism not only endeavours to imagine a sustainable post-conflict framework but also subverts myths of barbarism regarded with tribal areas by the feigned world of civility.
{"title":"Ecocriticism: Crossing Boundaries between Human and Non-Human Spheres in Jamil Ahmed's The Wandering Falcon","authors":"Ifrah Afzal","doi":"10.54692/jelle.2020.01048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2020.01048","url":null,"abstract":"Jamil Ahmed's The Wandering Falcon envisions the ecological landscape of the tribal areas of Pakistan as the first setting of man when he primarily trod the earth. Relating that every individual contains in his or her essence a “tribal gene” , Jamil Ahmed empathises with the tribesmen of Balochistan, transforming them into everyman regardless of time and space. The brutally all-consuming natural terrain of Balochistan is highlighted through the four natural classical elements such as the wind, earth, water and fire, which according to ancient Greeks formed the basis of analysis in understanding both the natural and the material world. These non-human spheres whether it be the blistering wind of a hundred and twenty days, the wasted, barren land where the borders of Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan meet, the waterhole where thirst ridden men find momentary respite or the fire and armour that the tribesmen always carry, demonstrate how the path between the natural and the human has refused to coalesce in harmony despite the struggle of the Pawindahs, these foot people, to keep it so. The dynamics of intervention are made more vividly clear through the character of Tor Baaz, whose name means the wandering falcon, and where he becomes a symbol of both human dissonance and the unforgiving nonhuman forces operating on man. Ironically enough it is through his character that Ahmed tries to provide a significant pathway where conflict and conservation of an old way of life overlap. Roaming the peripheral spaces amid tribes in the land, Tor Baaz becomes that liminal sphere within boundaries or borders that resist change to the new, adopted civilized way of life. Thus, Jamil Ahmed's ecocriticism not only endeavours to imagine a sustainable post-conflict framework but also subverts myths of barbarism regarded with tribal areas by the feigned world of civility.","PeriodicalId":127188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Language, Literature and Education","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131353031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-17DOI: 10.54692/jelle.2020.01045
F. Panhwar
Code switching is a significant language feature of the multilingual countries like Pakistan. The term code switching refers to the shift from one language to another. The main objective of this research is to explore the communicative functions of code switching by multilingual Sindhi speaking wife and husband in an inbox chat on Facebook. Applying the qualitative methodology, the data of one year chat was collected and varieties of functions using code switching theory of Blom and Gumperz (1972) as the theoretical framework. The findings of the study elucidate that Sindhi educated multilingual heavily utilize code switching for various communicative purposes like indexing identity, quotation, rephrasing, selfcorrection, metalinguistic, reported speech, idiomatic expressions, translation, expressing anger, humour, and euphemistic expressions in order to achieve their communicative goals.
{"title":"Functions of Code-Switching in a Private Chat on Facebook","authors":"F. Panhwar","doi":"10.54692/jelle.2020.01045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2020.01045","url":null,"abstract":"Code switching is a significant language feature of the multilingual countries like Pakistan. The term code switching refers to the shift from one language to another. The main objective of this research is to explore the communicative functions of code switching by multilingual Sindhi speaking wife and husband in an inbox chat on Facebook. Applying the qualitative methodology, the data of one year chat was collected and varieties of functions using code switching theory of Blom and Gumperz (1972) as the theoretical framework. The findings of the study elucidate that Sindhi educated multilingual heavily utilize code switching for various communicative purposes like indexing identity, quotation, rephrasing, selfcorrection, metalinguistic, reported speech, idiomatic expressions, translation, expressing anger, humour, and euphemistic expressions in order to achieve their communicative goals.","PeriodicalId":127188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Language, Literature and Education","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127767865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-18DOI: 10.54692/jelle.2020.010315
D. Nasrullah, Muzaeen Shah
The current research aims to critically analyse the official discourse of Prime Minister of Pakistan Muhammad Nawaz Sharif during his third tenure. It is an effort to unravel the implicit political propositions present in the prime minister's discourse and the way they relate to governance of present regime and manipulation of power as well as Pakistan's relations with the United States of America and Peoples Republic of China. The current research follows Norman Fairclough's model of Critical Discourse Analysis as methodology. The study concentrates on the role that grammar, vocabulary and structure of a text play in the ideological use of language. The current case study reveals that instrumental ideology of language is at work in Nawaz Sharif's official discourse and that his press releases are of undemocratic character. As he is a powerful personality, the structure of his discourse is affected by his social position. Nawaz Sharif is not satisfied with the standard of good governance of his executive and bureaucracy. The study also shows that Pakistan feels its sovereignty at stake in its relations with the United States of America and China is playinga key role in maintaining balance of power in South Asia.
{"title":"A Critical Discourse Analysis of Press Releases of the Prime Minister of Pakistan","authors":"D. Nasrullah, Muzaeen Shah","doi":"10.54692/jelle.2020.010315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2020.010315","url":null,"abstract":"The current research aims to critically analyse the official discourse of Prime Minister of Pakistan Muhammad Nawaz Sharif during his third tenure. It is an effort to unravel the implicit political propositions present in the prime minister's discourse and the way they relate to governance of present regime and manipulation of power as well as Pakistan's relations with the United States of America and Peoples Republic of China. The current research follows Norman Fairclough's model of Critical Discourse Analysis as methodology. The study concentrates on the role that grammar, vocabulary and structure of a text play in the ideological use of language. The current case study reveals that instrumental ideology of language is at work in Nawaz Sharif's official discourse and that his press releases are of undemocratic character. As he is a powerful personality, the structure of his discourse is affected by his social position. Nawaz Sharif is not satisfied with the standard of good governance of his executive and bureaucracy. The study also shows that Pakistan feels its sovereignty at stake in its relations with the United States of America and China is playinga key role in maintaining balance of power in South Asia.","PeriodicalId":127188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Language, Literature and Education","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124230736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-18DOI: 10.54692/jelle.2020.010316
Syeda Samar Shahid Bokhari
The present research study aims at enhancing the intellectual acumen of the students by devising various strategies of teaching poetry. In order to understand poetic text, the students need to delve deep into its meaning by focusing on the poetic language.Teaching poetry is the best tool for the literature students to harness their mind at their full stretch in creating deeper understanding of what they are reading. The researcher has selected Robert Frost for the purpose, as his poems are full of figurative language that if understood well could tune the minds of the students for further explorations into the poetical structures. Not only it would increase their mental level of understanding of this beautiful genre, but they would also learn to look at life through a different angle. Focus was on the two main thematic poetical compositions of Robert Frost: a) Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening, and b) Mending Walls. Both of these poems have underlying thoughts and expressions. Frost's poetry is enjoyable when read thoroughly while concentrating on the poetical diction and the inner meanings. This study through specially designed Research Instrument studies the change of perspective of college students studying English Literature.A sample of 50 students was taken and they were taught poetry of Robert Frost with special attention on the figurative language employed. Their understanding level was gauged through tests and some encouraging factors emerged to make the study a model for all the Teachers of English Literature and Language.
{"title":"Teaching Figurative Language through Poetry of Robert Frost at Graduation Level","authors":"Syeda Samar Shahid Bokhari","doi":"10.54692/jelle.2020.010316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2020.010316","url":null,"abstract":"The present research study aims at enhancing the intellectual acumen of the students by devising various strategies of teaching poetry. In order to understand poetic text, the students need to delve deep into its meaning by focusing on the poetic language.Teaching poetry is the best tool for the literature students to harness their mind at their full stretch in creating deeper understanding of what they are reading. The researcher has selected Robert Frost for the purpose, as his poems are full of figurative language that if understood well could tune the minds of the students for further explorations into the poetical structures. Not only it would increase their mental level of understanding of this beautiful genre, but they would also learn to look at life through a different angle. Focus was on the two main thematic poetical compositions of Robert Frost: a) Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening, and b) Mending Walls. Both of these poems have underlying thoughts and expressions. Frost's poetry is enjoyable when read thoroughly while concentrating on the poetical diction and the inner meanings. This study through specially designed Research Instrument studies the change of perspective of college students studying English Literature.A sample of 50 students was taken and they were taught poetry of Robert Frost with special attention on the figurative language employed. Their understanding level was gauged through tests and some encouraging factors emerged to make the study a model for all the Teachers of English Literature and Language.","PeriodicalId":127188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Language, Literature and Education","volume":"3 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115862287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-18DOI: 10.54692/jelle.2020.010317
Nadir Ali Mugheri
The word“Literacy” has stayed alive for decades with an unchanged meaning, connotation, use, orientation and objectives. Its definition largely rests upon the teaching and learning of two basic skills: reading and writing and a brief knowledge of arithmetic. The awe-inspiring emergence and rife existence of digital tools, screen literature and digital media has significantly reshaped the concept of learning and the definition of literacy, the academicians all over the world are attempting to examine and if need be, redefine the term literacy in view of digital technology. This study was undertaken to evaluate the scope, role and influence of technology in the context of Pakistan. The data was collected from the students of English Linguistics studying at four leading Universities of Sindh including University of Sindh, Jamshoro, University of Karachi, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur and Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto University, Nawabshah by applying random sampling technique. The data was processed through descriptive and inferential statistics, and the results were drawn on the basis of achieved statistics. The results reveal that students of English Linguistics in all four varsities are fast adopting digital technology mode/form of literacy. The findings show that more than 90% students use digital media. 80% students use digital tools for research and information. Only 10% students use technology for editing and proofreading. It was also learnt from the findings that despite overwhelming use of digital form of literacy by the individual youth population in Pakistan, there is however; a significant need for the academic and other professional institutions also to adopt this innovative, current and popularly proliferating form of literacy.
{"title":"An Analysis of Significant Role of Technology in Education and Potentiality of Digital Tools in Enhancing Literacy in Pakistan","authors":"Nadir Ali Mugheri","doi":"10.54692/jelle.2020.010317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2020.010317","url":null,"abstract":"The word“Literacy” has stayed alive for decades with an unchanged meaning, connotation, use, orientation and objectives. Its definition largely rests upon the teaching and learning of two basic skills: reading and writing and a brief knowledge of arithmetic. The awe-inspiring emergence and rife existence of digital tools, screen literature and digital media has significantly reshaped the concept of learning and the definition of literacy, the academicians all over the world are attempting to examine and if need be, redefine the term literacy in view of digital technology. This study was undertaken to evaluate the scope, role and influence of technology in the context of Pakistan. The data was collected from the students of English Linguistics studying at four leading Universities of Sindh including University of Sindh, Jamshoro, University of Karachi, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur and Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto University, Nawabshah by applying random sampling technique. The data was processed through descriptive and inferential statistics, and the results were drawn on the basis of achieved statistics. The results reveal that students of English Linguistics in all four varsities are fast adopting digital technology mode/form of literacy. The findings show that more than 90% students use digital media. 80% students use digital tools for research and information. Only 10% students use technology for editing and proofreading. It was also learnt from the findings that despite overwhelming use of digital form of literacy by the individual youth population in Pakistan, there is however; a significant need for the academic and other professional institutions also to adopt this innovative, current and popularly proliferating form of literacy.","PeriodicalId":127188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Language, Literature and Education","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121266413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-18DOI: 10.54692/jelle.2020.010319
Dr. Khurram Shahzad
The assessment of speaking skills calls for a systematicity in order to assure fairnessand impartiality in assessment. For the Pakistani students, English is doubly important as it ensures better grades during education and great chances of success in the job sector. In either case, oral proficiency is considered to be a fundamental requirement to access knowledge, and it supports personal and professional mobility in an ever-growing worldwide community.The usefulness of the spoken language test is based on how the test developers construct the test (Luoma, 2004). Using observations and semi-structured interviews, the data have been collected from various language institutes of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Having analyzed the data, the researchers find many loopholes in the test, and hence the researchersuse Bachman & Palmer (1996) model ofspoken language test to develop the spoken test.It has three phases, which are: design stage, operationalization stage and administration stage.Test development stage includes a) construct specification that consists of the purpose of the test, brief description of the test, characteristics of the testees, trait to be judged or measured; b) test task specifications – here we should know about rubrics to be used and administration plan; c) assessment specifications – analysis of the results. Only a well-constructed communicative language test can describe the true proficiency of the learners.
{"title":"Constructing Communicative Spoken Language Tests for the Language Learners in Pakistan","authors":"Dr. Khurram Shahzad","doi":"10.54692/jelle.2020.010319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2020.010319","url":null,"abstract":"The assessment of speaking skills calls for a systematicity in order to assure fairnessand impartiality in assessment. For the Pakistani students, English is doubly important as it ensures better grades during education and great chances of success in the job sector. In either case, oral proficiency is considered to be a fundamental requirement to access knowledge, and it supports personal and professional mobility in an ever-growing worldwide community.The usefulness of the spoken language test is based on how the test developers construct the test (Luoma, 2004). Using observations and semi-structured interviews, the data have been collected from various language institutes of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Having analyzed the data, the researchers find many loopholes in the test, and hence the researchersuse Bachman & Palmer (1996) model ofspoken language test to develop the spoken test.It has three phases, which are: design stage, operationalization stage and administration stage.Test development stage includes a) construct specification that consists of the purpose of the test, brief description of the test, characteristics of the testees, trait to be judged or measured; b) test task specifications – here we should know about rubrics to be used and administration plan; c) assessment specifications – analysis of the results. Only a well-constructed communicative language test can describe the true proficiency of the learners.","PeriodicalId":127188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Language, Literature and Education","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129710721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-17DOI: 10.54692/jelle.2020.010320
Kalsoom Jahan
This study includes the schematic knowledge of the students in reading comprehension. The academic background and the field of the study has been considered as schematic knowledge of the students. The study observed the factors affecting reading comprehension of the learners by using academic texts. Academic text is also compared with non-academic texts to determine the relevance of academic schema in reading comprehension. This is a quantitative study and data was collected from intermediate students of Lahore, Cantt. 160 students were selected from F.Sc (pre-engineering), F.Sc (pre-medical) ICS, and I.Com, as participants of the study. Two reading comprehension tests were settled, first test was, according to student's educational field and the second one was from an English newspaper. Both tests were conducted with the same participants. Independent sample t-test, and paired sample t-test were conducted by the use of Statistical Package for social sciences SPSS version 21. The results of the study reflected that academic background knowledge helped the learners in activating academic schema for better reading comprehension than using a general text.Moreover, the demographic factors selected in the study such as, mother tongue, instructional language, and years of education did not affect the reading comprehension results.This study has left new horizons for future researches in the field of reading comprehension skills, as the factors included in this study are too limited, more demographic and cognitive factors can be included in the study to get more authentic results.
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