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THE PROFESSION OF TEACHING. NEW FORMS OF PATRIOTIC EDUCATION OF SCHOOLCHILDREN 教学:教学的职业开展新型小学生爱国主义教育
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.28995/2073-6401-2023-2-105-114
M. Bulanova
The article is about studying the new forms for patriotic education of schoolchildren in connection with the challenges of the launched special military operation (SVO) in Russia. The author shows that patriotic work is a traditional part of educational work in schools, however, it has changed in the current context. The first innovation was the performance of the Russian anthem and the raising of the flag, as well as the holding of “Conversations about the Important” in the classroom format. Work has begun on the preparation for publication of a new history textbook, which will include topics related to the current situation in the world. Another innovation at the school will be the inclusion of basic military training in the program of the subject “Fundamentals of Life Safety” (OBZh). The article presents the monitoring data of the Public Opinion Foundation FOM, which studied the attitude of Russians to new trends in school. Based on the analysis of the media, the author shows the attitude of Moscow teachers to the lesson “Talk about the Important” and the spread of patriotism practices among schoolchildren near Moscow. She concludes by stating that Russian teachers have a new mission – the education of effective patriotism among schoolchildren, but at the same time, physical and emotional stress has increased while all that for the same wages, which can reduce the attractiveness of the profession in the eyes of Russians.
本文结合俄罗斯特种军事行动的挑战,探讨了中学生爱国主义教育的新形式。爱国主义工作是学校教育工作的传统组成部分,但在当前的背景下,爱国主义工作发生了变化。第一个创新是演奏俄罗斯国歌和升起国旗,以及在课堂上举行“重要对话”。编写新的历史教科书的工作已经开始,其中将包括与当前世界局势有关的主题。该校的另一项创新是将基础军事训练纳入“生命安全基础”(OBZh)课程。本文介绍了民意基金会FOM的监测数据,该数据研究了俄罗斯人对学校新趋势的态度。在媒体分析的基础上,作者展示了莫斯科教师对“谈大事”这一课的态度以及爱国主义实践在莫斯科附近学童中的传播。她总结说,俄罗斯教师有一个新的使命——在学生中有效地教育爱国主义,但与此同时,在同样的工资下,身体和情感压力增加了,这可能会降低这个职业在俄罗斯人眼中的吸引力。
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引用次数: 0
IMMERSING THE THOUGHT IN A GRATEFUL MEMORY. PREFACE TO THE PUBLICATION: VANEEV A.A. LETTERS TO THE TEACHER 让思想沉浸在感恩的记忆中。该出版物的序言:vaneev a.a.给老师的信
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.28995/2073-6401-2022-4-12-29
V. I. Sharonov
The article is a preface to a previously unknown text by A.A. Vaneev (1922–1985), a disciple and follower of L.P. Karsavin (1882– 1952), author of the book “Two Years in Abezi”, containing a philosophical portrait of the Russian religious philosopher. “Letters to the Teacher” became one of the first attempts of Vaneev to comprehend and present the ideas of Lev Karsavin, learned by the disciple as a result of long communication with his eminent interlocutor. Already that early text testifies to the philosophical sensitivity and gift of independent thought of Anatoly Vaneev, a recent convinced materialist, a pupil of the Soviet anti-religious education system. The meeting with Karsavin and immersion in his works led Vaneev to his own topics – clarifying the positive meaning of atheism and identifying the features of a new religiosity that has latently absorbed modern atheism. The article briefly analyzes the meaning of the idea of the heuristic meaning of dogmatics, as something most essential for understanding the reflections of both thinkers.
这篇文章是A.A. Vaneev(1922-1985)的序言,他是L.P.卡尔萨文(1882 - 1952)的弟子和追随者,卡尔萨文是《在阿贝兹的两年》一书的作者,书中包含了这位俄罗斯宗教哲学家的哲学肖像。《给老师的信》成为瓦尼耶夫第一次尝试理解和呈现列夫·卡尔萨文的思想,这是这位弟子与他著名的对话者长期交流的结果。早期的文本已经证明了Anatoly Vaneev的哲学敏感性和独立思考的天赋。Anatoly Vaneev是一位最近被说服的唯物主义者,也是苏联反宗教教育体系的学生。与卡尔萨文的会面和对他作品的沉浸使瓦尼耶夫进入了他自己的主题——澄清无神论的积极意义,并确定了一种潜在地吸收了现代无神论的新宗教的特征。本文简要分析了教条论的启发式意义这一思想的意义,认为这是理解两位思想家思想的最重要的东西。
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引用次数: 0
PHILOSOPHICAL AND IDEOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE DECORATIVE PROGRAM OF THE BEIT EL-WALI TEMPLE 贝特瓦利神庙装饰方案的哲学和意识形态方面
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.28995/2073-6401-2023-1-138-160
Y. Reunov
The Nubian temple of Beit el-Wali, erected under Ramesses II, has long been considered by experts as a monument of secondary importance on the southern borders of Ancient Egypt. It is significantly smaller than other religious buildings of that era. However its decorative program is an important source of knowledge about philosophical and ideological concepts that existed in Egypt in the early period of reign of Ramesses II. Reliefs decorating the temple demonstrate transition from a canonical model of battle scenes, characteristic of the Seti I era, to a new stage in its development. In the decor of Beit el-Wali, one can find signs of a search for new artistic techniques, iconographic and compositional solutions, which would later be embodied in the largest temples in Egypt. The article is about studying the decorative program of the Beit el-Wali temple in its connection with the state ideology and worldview paradigm in the era of Ramses II
在拉美西斯二世(Ramesses II)统治时期建造的拜特瓦利(Beit el-Wali)努比亚神庙,长期以来一直被专家认为是古埃及南部边界上一座次要的纪念碑。它比那个时代的其他宗教建筑小得多。然而,它的装饰程序是了解拉美西斯二世统治早期埃及哲学和意识形态概念的重要来源。装饰神庙的浮雕展示了从一个典型的战争场景模型(Seti I时代的特征)向其发展的新阶段的过渡。在Beit el-Wali的装饰中,人们可以发现寻找新的艺术技术,图像和构图解决方案的迹象,这些解决方案后来体现在埃及最大的寺庙中。本文从拉美西斯二世时代的国家意识形态和世界观范式出发,研究拜特瓦里神庙的装饰方案
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引用次数: 0
WAR AS A NEGATIVNE REVELATION. THE GRAIL OF M. PRISHVIN AND S. BULGAKOV 战争是消极的启示。普里什文先生和布尔加科夫先生的圣杯
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.28995/2073-6401-2021-4-44-60
Elena Yu. Knorre
For the first time in Russian science the article compares Mikhail Prishvin’s philosophy of war and archpriest Sergei Bulgakov’s theology of war on the material of Prishvin’s war diaries of 1914–1941 and S. Bulgakov’s works devoted to the sophiology of suffering (“The Holy Grail” (1932), “Reflections on War” (1940), etc.). The article defines theological contexts of the military theme: the war as a negative revelation, the sophistry of war, the discovery of the truth of God-manhood in war. The mysticism of the “invisible church” of M. Prishvin and S. Bulgakov is compared. It is concluded that the sophiology of S. Bulgakov’s suffering can be regarded as one of the relevant contexts for the philosophy and theology of war in Prishvin’s diaries. Prishvin, like Bulga- kov, describes the truth of the super-personal collective, revealed in the cross sacrifice of the war Calvary (the images of the “Lay Chalice”, the sprout of the “invisible church”, “the great Conciliarity of those alive”). Along with that, defining the spiritual meaning of war, Prishvin raises the question about over- coming war as an idea born of indifferent theoretical thinking, which denies the personal whole, the intuition of the “other”.
这篇文章第一次在俄国科学中比较了米哈伊尔·普里什温的战争哲学和大祭司谢尔盖·布尔加科夫的战争神学,其材料是普里什温1914-1941年的战争日记和S.布尔加科夫致力于痛苦的哲学(《圣杯》(1932)、《战争反思》(1940)等)。文章界定了军事题材的神学语境:作为否定启示的战争、战争的诡辩、战争中神性真理的发现。本文比较了普里什文和布尔加科夫的“隐形教会”的神秘主义。本文认为,布尔加科夫受难的诡辩可以作为普里什温日记中战争哲学和神学的相关语境之一。和布尔加科夫一样,普里什文描述了超个人集体的真相,在髑髅地战争的十字架牺牲中揭示出来(“世俗圣杯”的形象,“无形教会”的芽,“那些活着的人的大公会”)。在界定战争的精神意义的同时,普里什文提出了关于战胜战争的问题,认为它是一种源于冷漠的理论思维的思想,它否认个人的整体,否认“他者”的直觉。
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引用次数: 1
EMPLOYEES MOTIVATION AND JOB VALUE ORIENTATIONS IN THE GENDER CONTEXT 性别背景下的员工动机与工作价值取向
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.28995/2073-6401-2022-1-169-181
I. O. Shevchenko
The article describes the theoretical and applied scientific views on the labor motivation study in the gender aspect are described. Psychologists are mainly engaged in research on the work motivation, they have determined that main male motive is achievement, main female motives is recognition. According to a sociological study, work ranks fourth in a person’s value orientations after family, health and material prosperity for men and women. The wage motive is the leading one among workers in all sectors of employment, men are slightly more interested in wages than women. External motives related to the work itself – working conditions, organization of work, proximity of work to the place of residence are the main among the workers of industry and agriculture. The internal motive – interest in the content side of work – ranks only 5th among industrial workers and 4th among agricultural workers, it is more female than male one. For women, the affiliation motive, the opportunity to be in a team is also very important, but that is merely the 6th rank position. Interest in the content side of work is more relevant for knowledge workers, it is the second position among university teachers and the third among medical professionals, that particular determines their work in this profession. For teachers and doctors, the usefulness of work for society is also important, for men and women it ranks 4th as a position. Thus, we state that gender differences in labor motivation are more pronounced in physical labor.
本文从性别角度对劳动动机研究的理论和应用科学观点进行了阐述。心理学家主要从事对工作动机的研究,他们确定男性的主要动机是成就,女性的主要动机是认可。根据一项社会学研究,在男人和女人的价值取向中,工作排在家庭、健康和物质财富之后的第四位。在所有就业部门的工人中,工资动机是最主要的动机,男性对工资的兴趣略高于女性。与工作本身有关的外部动机——工作条件、工作组织、工作地点靠近居住地——是工业和农业工人的主要动机。内在动机——对工作内容方面的兴趣——在产业工人中仅排第五,在农业工人中排名第四,女性多于男性。对于女性来说,隶属动机,加入团队的机会也很重要,但这仅仅是排名第六的位置。对工作内容方面的兴趣与知识型工作者更为相关,在大学教师中排名第二,在医疗专业人员中排名第三,这特别决定了他们在这一职业中的工作。对于教师和医生来说,工作对社会的有用性也很重要,对男性和女性来说,这是排名第四的职位。因此,我们认为劳动动机的性别差异在体力劳动中更为明显。
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引用次数: 1
PUBLIC ASPECTS OF LOBBYING 游说的公众层面
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.28995/2073-6401-2021-4-61-70
Valentina F. Levicheva
The article analyzes the promotion of public interests as a pro- cess of interaction and competition between various groups and organizations (NGOs, social movements, professional associations, etc.) that convey social issues, expressing their concerns and seeking solutions from the authorities. The author calls into question the rather widespread point of view that any really serious flaw in the social structure of society becomes the topic of public discourse and gets the attention of the authorities. Reliance on the “fairness” of the public interest asserted does not exclude such phenomena as clientelism and favoritism. The author shows that there is not, and cannot be, any even nominal equidistance of public interest groups from the institutions of power, and lobbying efficiency depends on the resource, organizational, value and cul- tural factors. Special attention is paid to the analysis of correlation between the institutional and informal in lobbying public interests.
本文分析了公共利益的提升是各种团体和组织(非政府组织、社会运动、专业协会等)之间的互动和竞争过程,这些团体和组织传达社会问题,表达他们的关注,并向当局寻求解决方案。作者对一种相当普遍的观点提出了质疑,即社会结构中任何真正严重的缺陷都会成为公共话语的话题,并引起当局的注意。对所宣称的公共利益的“公平性”的依赖并不排除裙带关系和偏袒等现象。公共利益集团与权力机构之间不存在、也不可能存在名义上的等距,游说效率取决于资源、组织、价值和文化等因素。重点分析了制度游说与非正式游说在公共利益游说中的相关性。
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引用次数: 0
UNDERSTANDING IN MATHEMATICS: FROM CLASSICS TO NON-CLASSICS AND POST-NON-CLASSICS. PART ONE 数学理解:从经典到非经典和后非经典。第一部分
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.28995/2073-6401-2022-1-10-22
E. Kosilova
The article deals with an issue of understanding in the classical, non-classical and post-non-classical tradition by the example of understanding mathematics. The prime part of the article looks at the matter of classical and post-non-classical science and poses an issue of understanding. Mathematics itself can be classical or non-classical, as well as logic. Classical logic and mathematics were characterized by intuitive clarity and connection with the world, whether it be the surrounding world or the world of thought. Non-classical logic and mathematics are “sciences-in-themselves”, the only requirement for which is consistency. A connection is made between the idea of J. Gray about modernist mathematics and non-classical mathematics. The understanding of mathematics is considered on the example of the works of E. Husserl. Husserl describes logical experiences and the constitution of mathematical meaning in the acts of intuition, realization and reactivation of sense in passing it on in tradition. An important question is the relationship between intuition and logic in the new mathematics. Poincaré contrasts intuition and logic, while Husserl speaks of a specific logical discernment, which can be called logical intuition. The idea of two cognitive abilities is introduced: intuitive-logical and formal-logical.
本文以理解数学为例,探讨了古典、非古典和后非古典传统的理解问题。文章的主要部分着眼于古典和后非古典科学的问题,并提出了一个理解问题。数学本身可以是经典的或非经典的,也可以是逻辑的。古典逻辑和数学的特点是直观的清晰和与世界的联系,无论是周围的世界还是思想的世界。非经典逻辑和数学是“自在的科学”,它们的唯一要求是一致性。格雷关于现代数学和非经典数学的思想之间建立了联系。对数学的理解以胡塞尔的著作为例。胡塞尔描述了直觉行为中的逻辑经验和数学意义的构成,在传统中传递的意义的实现和再激活。新数学中的一个重要问题是直觉与逻辑的关系问题。庞加莱将直觉与逻辑进行了对比,而胡塞尔则谈到一种特殊的逻辑辨别力,这种辨别力可称为逻辑直觉。介绍了两种认知能力的概念:直观逻辑能力和形式逻辑能力。
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引用次数: 0
HIGHER EDUCATION AS A MODERATOR OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE EMPLOYMENT INSTABILITY AND THE EMPLOYEES’ SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING 高等教育在就业不稳定性与员工主观幸福感的关系中起调节作用
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.28995/2073-6401-2022-3-58-68
A. Kuchenkova
The article compares employees with higher education and those without, firstly, by the prevalence of attributes of instable, precarious employment, accompanied by low social and legal security, vulnerability; secondly, by the nature of the relationship between the employment instability and subjective well-being, interpreted in a broad sense as a set of diverse assessments of life in general, the situation in the field of work. Based on the analysis of the data from the All-Russian survey of the working population, it was found that employees with higher education are less involved in precarious forms of labor relations, they are less likely to encounter such attributes of the employment instability as the absence of a termless employment contract, paid sick leave and vacation, unofficial salaries, frequent job changes. With an increase in the employment instability, life satisfaction decreases equally for workers with and without higher education, whereas job satisfaction is more significant for the latter. The relationship between precarization and job satisfaction is mediated by the presence of higher education, which slightly compensates and smoothes out the negative effects of the employment instability, but at the same time does not help to completely avoid the attributions of precarization and their consequences for subjective well-being.
本文对受过高等教育和没有受过高等教育的员工进行了比较,首先,通过不稳定、不稳定的就业属性的普遍存在,伴随着低的社会和法律保障,脆弱性;其次,根据就业不稳定性与主观幸福感之间的关系的性质,在广义上解释为对生活、工作领域的总体情况的一套不同的评估。基于对全俄劳动人口调查数据的分析,我们发现,受过高等教育的雇员较少参与不稳定的劳动关系形式,他们不太可能遇到就业不稳定的属性,如缺乏无期限的劳动合同,带薪病假和假期,非正式的工资,频繁的工作变化。随着就业不稳定性的增加,受过高等教育和没有受过高等教育的员工的生活满意度下降幅度相等,而受过高等教育的员工的工作满意度下降幅度更大。不稳定与工作满意度之间的关系是由高等教育的存在介导的,高等教育的存在略微补偿和平滑了就业不稳定的负面影响,但同时无助于完全避免不稳定的归因及其对主观幸福感的影响。
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引用次数: 0
RUSSIAN YOUTH IN THE FIELD OF MODERN POLITICS. BETWEEN TRADITIONALISM AND OPPOSITION 俄罗斯青年在现代政治领域。在传统主义和反对派之间
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.28995/2073-6401-2020-2-57-68
N. Velikaya
Specifics of perception of political issues by Russian Youth and value grounds for their political behavior are analyzed in this article. The analysis is based on the sociological research data of 2018 and 2019. It is shown that political culture demonstrates the presence of mutually exclusive positions for a number of reasons. Low level of trust to the power practically do not correlate with evaluation of social-economic and political situation in Russia, do not provoke new forms of civil activity , what allows to make a conclusion about high degree of the political culture continuity, where group of nominal oppositionists demonstrating low level of trust to the power is not significant.
本文分析了俄罗斯青年对政治问题的具体看法及其政治行为的价值依据。该分析基于2018年和2019年的社会学研究数据。研究表明,政治文化显示出由于若干原因而存在相互排斥的立场。对权力的低水平信任实际上与对俄罗斯社会经济和政治局势的评估无关,也不会引发新的公民活动形式,这使得我们可以得出政治文化高度连续性的结论,其中名义上的反对派群体对权力的低水平信任并不显著。
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引用次数: 0
PERCEPTION OF POVERTY, SOCIAL INEQUALITY AND WILLINGNESS TO HELP POOR IN SAINT PETERSBURG (RUSSIA) 圣彼得堡(俄罗斯)的贫困感知、社会不平等和帮助穷人的意愿
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.28995/2073-6401-2021-4-103-114
Anna P. Pungina, Yakov D. Sanadze, Maiya M. Rusakova
The paper considers the perceptions of residents of St. Petersburg about the issue of poverty based on data from a telephone survey of residents of St. Petersburg (N = 1004), conducted by the Center for Sociological and Internet Research of St. Petersburg State University in April and May 2021. It revealed the specificities of the perception of poverty by groups with different financial situations – wealthier segments of the population of St. Petersburg perceive poverty less as a socially significant challenge while for the most economically vulnerable segments of the population of St. Petersburg, poverty appears to be the main issue in Russia, they tend to opt for the structural causes of poverty (social inequality, ineffective state policy). The authors disclose the tendency of dividing the poor into those deserving the assistance and those deserving not as well as the most acceptable ways of supporting the poor for the population of St. Petersburg. Using logistic regression, they also tested the hypothesis about the influence of the perceived causes of poverty on the willingness of St. Petersburg residents to help the poor.
本文根据圣彼得堡国立大学社会学和互联网研究中心于2021年4月和5月对圣彼得堡居民进行的电话调查(N = 1004)的数据,考虑了圣彼得堡居民对贫困问题的看法。它揭示了具有不同财政状况的群体对贫困的看法的特殊性-圣彼得堡人口中较富裕的部分不认为贫困是一个重大的社会挑战,而对于圣彼得堡人口中经济上最脆弱的部分,贫困似乎是俄罗斯的主要问题,他们倾向于选择结构性原因(社会不平等,无效的国家政策)。作者揭示了将穷人分为值得帮助和不值得帮助的人的趋势,以及圣彼得堡人口最可接受的支持穷人的方式。利用逻辑回归,他们还检验了关于贫困的感知原因对圣彼得堡居民帮助穷人意愿的影响的假设。
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引用次数: 0
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RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Philosophy. Social Studies. Art Studies
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