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RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Philosophy. Social Studies. Art Studies最新文献

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GENDER ASSESSMENT OF THE INSTITUTE OF POLYGAMY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF DAGESTAN) 对一夫多妻制制度的性别评估(以达吉斯坦为例)
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.28995/2073-6401-2022-1-448-456
E. Zagirova
In the family and marriage sphere of the Dagestan peoples, polygamy was widespread, although it was not a mass phenomenon in the recent past of the history of the peoples of Dagestan. According to the results of the study, it was found that the interviewed Dagestani women categorically do not accept the status of a “second wife” for themselves, moreover, they demonstrate a negative attitude in general to the emergence of the institution of polygamy at the present time. Empirical material shows that the marriage attitudes of the interviewed Dagestani women are not influenced by religion and attitude to religion (believer / non-believer), although Islam allows the possibility of having four wives for a follower of Islam. The author’s hypothesis about the positive attitude and assessment of polygamy by the followers of Islam was not confirmed by the results of the study, what indicates an unwillingness to fully accept the precepts of Islam in the family and marriage sphere. In addition, the survey data show that the interviewed Dagestan population has a negative attitude to the decision of their own children to have a “second wife” and to be a “second wife” with different argumentation.
在达吉斯坦人民的家庭和婚姻领域,一夫多妻制很普遍,尽管在达吉斯坦人民最近的历史中,这并不是一种普遍现象。根据这项研究的结果,发现接受采访的达吉斯坦妇女断然不接受自己作为“第二任妻子”的地位,而且,她们对目前出现的一夫多妻制普遍表现出消极态度。经验材料表明,接受采访的达吉斯坦妇女的婚姻态度不受宗教和宗教态度(信仰者/非信仰者)的影响,尽管伊斯兰教允许一个伊斯兰教徒有四个妻子的可能性。作者关于伊斯兰教徒对一夫多妻制的积极态度和评价的假设没有得到研究结果的证实,这表明他们不愿意完全接受伊斯兰教在家庭和婚姻领域的戒律。此外,调查数据显示,被采访的达吉斯坦人对自己的孩子有“第二个妻子”和“第二个妻子”的决定持否定态度,并有不同的理由。
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引用次数: 0
A PHILOSOPHY AS A POSITIVE SCIENCE. E.V. ILIENKOV ABOUT A SUBJECT OF PHILOSOPHY 作为实证科学的哲学。E.v. ilienkov关于哲学的主题
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.28995/2073-6401-2019-3-46-54
Evgeny M. Dmitrievskii
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引用次数: 0
ORSK JASPER (JASHMA) AS AN OBJECT OF ECOLOGY OF CULTURE OF ORENBURG 作为奥伦堡文化生态客体的奥尔斯克碧玉
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.28995/2073-6401-2022-1-143-155
Alla A. Vasil’chenko
The article deals with the Orsk jasper within the two components of the “ecology of culture” concept – ecology of the natural environment and cultural heritage. It analyzes the artistic development of the Orsk jasper, as use of a natural material and as one of the folk art crafts of the Orenburg region and the centers of stone-cutting art of the Southern Urals. The author considers the actual place of Orsk jasper in different spheres of cultural and practical activity and substantiates the necessity of an integrated ecological and cultural approach in the study, preservation and development of the natural and cultural heritage of the Orenburg region: the natural environment and stone-cutting art, as objects of cultural ecology.
本文从“文化生态”概念的两个组成部分——自然环境生态和文化遗产生态——来探讨奥尔斯克碧玉。它分析了奥尔斯克碧玉的艺术发展,作为一种天然材料的使用,作为奥伦堡地区和乌拉尔南部切割艺术中心的民间艺术工艺之一。作者考虑了奥尔斯克碧玉在不同文化和实践活动领域的实际地位,并证实了在奥伦堡地区自然和文化遗产的研究、保护和发展中采用综合生态和文化方法的必要性:自然环境和切割艺术,作为文化生态的对象。
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引用次数: 0
THE IMAGE OF MOTHER WITH CHILD IN ART OF VIGEE LE BRUN DURING HER STAY IN RUSSIA 维吉·勒布伦在俄罗斯期间的母亲与孩子的艺术形象
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.28995/2073-6401-2021-3-131-147
I. A. Abramkin
The object of the article is considering female portraits by Vigée Le Brun, presenting the mother with child and created in Russia. That group of masterpieces constitutes an important phenomenon for the understanding of national tradition in a family portrait – a type of genre which markedly develops just at the turn of 18th–19th centuries with active participation of foreign painters. A close examination of portraits contributes to the identification of specific features which included the thoroughness of interior’s depiction, the neutrality of portrait characteristic and the moderation in the display of maternal feelings. Those features give an opportunity not only to determine an artistic expression of family portrait in the work of Vigee Le Brun, but also to understand a value of masterpieces for the client. For Russian women of the epoch the presentation of Self with a child became a type of revealing portrait which emphasized her image of mother and assumed the exaltation of a model by combining methods of ceremonial and chamber picture.
本文的研究对象是在俄罗斯创作的vigsame Le Brun的母亲带着孩子的女性肖像。这组杰作构成了理解全家福中民族传统的一个重要现象。全家福是在18 - 19世纪初随着外国画家的积极参与而显著发展的一种类型。对肖像的仔细研究有助于确定具体的特征,包括内部描绘的彻彻性,肖像特征的中立性和母性情感的适度表现。这些特点提供了一个机会,不仅可以确定Vigee Le Brun作品中家庭肖像的艺术表达,还可以为客户了解杰作的价值。对于这一时期的俄罗斯女性来说,“带着孩子的自我”的呈现通过结合仪式和室内绘画的方法,成为一种强调母亲形象并具有模特地位的暴露肖像。
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引用次数: 0
THE STATE AS AN INSTRUMENT OF SOLIDARITY 国家是团结的工具
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.28995/2073-6401-2019-1-31-41
O. Ivashchuk
In modern philosophical theories, the solidarity appears contradictory. If we consider the insurance to be it’s prime phenomenon (distribution of support for the weak on the shoulders of all), then the solidarity, on the one hand, becomes a source of economic stagnation and deficit, moreover, it becomes morally illegitimate and fraught with totalitarian implications. On the other hand, it is clearly connected with loyalty to the interests of the society, which distinguishes citoyen, whose human dignity is intended to be realized through the state, from selfish bourgeois. A state which legitimacy in the era of globalization, in its turn, is called into question, turns out to be a mysterious point of transition from illegitimate solidarity to legitimate one. The ideas of K. Polanyi on the role of the state in functioning of the competitive market help to understand how it happens. Analysis of the issue made it possible 1) to establish the essential affinity of Polanian “fictitious commodities” (which the state should protect against commodification) and the conditions for the possibility of production in general, singled out by K. Marx, 2) to explain there by the origin of “fictitious commodities” and to root the solidarity in the subject-subject relation of production, which constitutes human culture as such. This conclusion allows us to reject the insurance model as improper image of the solidarity and to substantiate it as a constant of reproduction of the social conditions of human production. In capitalist production, that constant is institutionalized in the form of a democratic national state, the dysfunctionality of which leads not only to forbidding the reproduction for the weak market players, but also, as that processmoment, to a conservative revolution with its totalitarian outcomes.
在现代哲学理论中,团结似乎是矛盾的。如果我们认为保险是它的主要现象(对弱者的支持分配在所有人的肩膀上),那么团结,一方面,成为经济停滞和赤字的来源,此外,它在道德上是非法的,充满了极权主义的含义。另一方面,它与对社会利益的忠诚有着明显的联系,这将公民与自私的资产阶级区分开来,公民的人格尊严是通过国家来实现的。一个合法性在全球化时代受到质疑的国家,是一个从非法团结向合法团结过渡的神秘点。波兰尼(K. Polanyi)关于国家在竞争性市场运作中的作用的观点,有助于理解它是如何发生的。对这一问题的分析使我们有可能1)确立波兰“虚拟商品”的本质亲和力(国家应该保护它不被商品化)和马克思所指出的一般生产可能性的条件,2)在那里解释“虚拟商品”的起源,并在构成人类文化的主体-主体生产关系中找到团结的根源。这一结论使我们能够拒绝将保险模型视为不恰当的团结形象,并将其证实为人类生产的社会条件再生产的常数。在资本主义生产中,这一常数以民主民族国家的形式被制度化,其功能失调不仅导致了对弱势市场参与者的再生产的禁止,而且在这个过程中,还导致了一场带有极权主义结果的保守革命。
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引用次数: 0
EXPERIENCE OF INTERACTING WITH AUTHORITIES ON THE ISSUE OF COMBATING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 在打击家庭暴力问题上与当局互动的经验
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.28995/2073-6401-2021-1-287-295
G. Mikhaleva
The article considers an issue of the growth of domestic violence in the context of a pandemic, measures to reduce it, recommended by the government and by the YABLOKO party. Based on the correspondence with the authorities of the Federation and the regions, the author analyzes the differences in approaches to solving that issue in various constituent entities of the Federation. Attitudes towards domestic violence range from a complete lack of understanding of the danger to the comprehensive prevention and assistance measures taken by regional authorities.
该条审议了在流行病背景下家庭暴力增加的问题,以及政府和YABLOKO党建议的减少家庭暴力的措施。根据与联邦当局和各区域当局的通信,作者分析了联邦各组成实体在解决这一问题的方法上的差异。对家庭暴力的态度各不相同,从完全不了解危险到区域当局采取全面预防和援助措施。
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引用次数: 0
THE IMAGE OF A NURSE IN SOVIET AND POST-SOVIET CINEMA 护士在苏联和后苏联电影中的形象
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.28995/2073-6401-2022-3-104-111
Elizaveta O. Nechaeva
The article provides an analysis of the transformation in the film image of a nurse in the Soviet and post-Soviet times. The nursing staff is the most numerous in the entire hierarchy of physicians. Increasing the number of young people entering medical schools will greatly reduce the shortage of personnel in the industry, but it requires an increase in the status of a medical worker. Cinema serves as a reliable tool for shaping public opinion, constructing it purposefully and systematically. The article shows that over the past decades, there has been a change in moral and ideological principles, attitudes of the professional group as well as the artistic image of the hero, his characteristic features are changing, and as a result, public opinion is also being transformed, following the cultural narrative in the form of cinema. The author refers to the Soviet cinematographyin which heroes with high ideals and landmarks came to the fore. Over the next three decades, the image of the hero (medical worker) in the new Russia changed. The author gives a description of the storylines and characters of especially significant and popular films in order to understand how the audience sees the characters - nurses, and how, because of that public opinion can be influenced.
文章分析了苏联和后苏联时期电影中护士形象的转变。护理人员是整个医生阶层中人数最多的。增加进入医学院的年轻人的数量将大大减少该行业的人才短缺,但这需要提高医务工作者的地位。电影是塑造舆论的可靠工具,是有目的、有系统地建构舆论的工具。文章表明,在过去的几十年里,道德和思想原则发生了变化,专业群体的态度发生了变化,英雄的艺术形象也发生了变化,他的特征也在发生变化,因此,舆论也在发生变化,以电影的形式进行文化叙事。作者指的是苏联的电影摄影,在那里,有理想的英雄和标志性的人物脱颖而出。在接下来的三十年里,新俄罗斯英雄(医务工作者)的形象发生了变化。作者给出了一个特别重要和流行电影的故事情节和人物的描述,以了解观众如何看待角色-护士,以及如何,因为公众舆论可以受到影响。
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引用次数: 0
SERGEY EFRON TO LEV KARSAVIN: “BUT YOUR PLACE IS EMPTY!”. LETTERS OF THE “LEFT” EURASIANS TO L.P. KARSAVIN AS A CHRONICLE OF THE KLAMARSKY SPLIT 谢尔盖·埃夫隆对列夫·卡尔萨文说:“但是你的位置是空的!”“左派”欧亚人的信件给l.p. karsavin作为克拉马尔斯基分裂的编年史
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.28995/2073-6401-2023-2-10-45
K. B. Ermishina, V. I. Sharonov
The preface and the documents presented are about the split of the Eurasian movement in the late 1920s. For the first time archival materials are being introduced into scientific circulation, revealing the details of the split into two opposing groups of Eurasians. The first group operated in Prague, its leader was P.N. Savitsky. They defended an apolitical, anti-communist, anti-Marxist position, continued to develop the traditions of classical Eurasianism. The second group under the leadership of P.P. Suvchinsky was formed in Paris, it is considered responsible for the politicization of the movement, Marxist and Sovietophile sentiments. Such a scheme has become familiar, but the published documents introduce new adjustments and details important for the history of Russian thought. The publication and scientific comments reveal the role of the organization “Trust” (OGPU) in the split, the composition of the authors of the newspaper “Eurasia” and its thematic focus. The positions of the parties are clarified, and the question of the ideological side of the Eurasian split of 1928–1929 is raised.
前言和所提供的文献是关于20世纪20年代末欧亚运动的分裂。档案材料首次被引入科学流通,揭示了欧亚人分裂成两个对立群体的细节。第一个组织在布拉格运作,其领导人是P.N.萨维茨基。他们捍卫一种非政治的、反共的、反马克思主义的立场,继续发展古典欧亚主义的传统。在P.P. Suvchinsky领导下的第二个团体在巴黎成立,它被认为对运动、马克思主义和亲苏情绪的政治化负有责任。这样的方案已为人们所熟悉,但出版的文件引入了新的调整和对俄罗斯思想史很重要的细节。该出版物和科学评论揭示了“信任”组织(OGPU)在分裂中的作用,“欧亚”报纸作者的组成及其主题重点。澄清了各方的立场,提出了1928-1929年欧亚分裂的意识形态方面的问题。
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引用次数: 0
JEAN DUBUFFE’ ACTIVITY AND A DISCOURSE OF ART BRUTE Jean dubuffe的活动和艺术的话语
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.28995/2073-6401-2019-3-118-130
A. Suvorova
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引用次数: 0
GENDER NEUTRALITY AS THE NORM OF NEW GENDER ORDER. THE RUSSIANS’ ATTITUDE 性别中立作为新性别秩序的规范。俄罗斯人的态度
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.28995/2073-6401-2022-1-383-392
Lyudmila A. Brushkova
The subject of the article is the Russian people’s attitude to gender neutrality as the norm of new gender order. Majority of the Russians associate the new gender order with the achievement of real equality of men and women in various spheres of social life, elimination of all kinds of gender discrimination. At the same time they keep binary approach to gender awareness. The paper notes that currently Russian people demonstrate one of the most conservative worldwide attitudes toward the gender norms and relations. No one from the Western new gender norms: same-sex marriage acceptance, right to choose sex both by a child and his/her parents, etc. are not accepted by majority of Russians. Moreover women, responders in marriage, having children, responders with higher education demonstrate the most conservative approach. When compared with other countries Russian people are close to Chinese in their attitude to non-traditional gender norms. The author concludes that the new gender order formation in Russia is going on in the frame of binary gender model not assuming any gender neutrality
本文的主题是俄罗斯人民对性别中立作为新性别秩序规范的态度。大多数俄罗斯人把新的性别秩序与实现男女在社会生活各个领域的真正平等、消除各种性别歧视联系在一起。同时,他们对性别意识保持二元的态度。文章指出,目前俄罗斯人对性别规范和性别关系的态度是世界上最保守的。西方新的性别规范:同性婚姻的接受,孩子和他/她的父母选择性别的权利等等,没有一个不被大多数俄罗斯人接受。此外,女性、已婚、有孩子、受过高等教育的受访者表现出最保守的态度。与其他国家相比,俄罗斯人对非传统性别规范的态度与中国人接近。作者认为,俄罗斯新的性别秩序的形成是在二元性别模式的框架下进行的,并没有假设任何性别中立性
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引用次数: 0
期刊
RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Philosophy. Social Studies. Art Studies
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