Pub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1109/LSENS.2024.3490983
Wei Xu;Wenlin Xiao;Ke Xiao
This letter presents the modeling and characterization of a pulse-excited micro thermal flow sensor based on electrochemical impedance sensing. The proposed transient model reveals that the sensor output, measured as the impedance slope under pulse excitation, is almost one order of magnitude stronger at the downstream electrodes, as compared to the upstream pair. Consequently, the micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) flow sensor is designed with an 8-μm-thick flexible structure and a 1.4 mm distance between the microheater and downstream electrodes. Testing results show that the fabricated impedance-type micro flow sensor achieves a maximum sensitivity of 8.9 (mΩ/s)/(μm/s) for the 1X PBS flow, while consuming less than 15.8 mW of heating power with a fluid flow up to 750 μm/s. Furthermore, the proposed theoretical model closely aligns with experimental results, confirming its potential as a valuable tool for optimizing impedance-type flow sensors that utilize pulse heating strategies to detect extremely low fluid flow in the future.
{"title":"Modeling and Characterizing an Impedance-Type Micro Flow Sensor With Pulse Excitation","authors":"Wei Xu;Wenlin Xiao;Ke Xiao","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2024.3490983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2024.3490983","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents the modeling and characterization of a pulse-excited micro thermal flow sensor based on electrochemical impedance sensing. The proposed transient model reveals that the sensor output, measured as the impedance slope under pulse excitation, is almost one order of magnitude stronger at the downstream electrodes, as compared to the upstream pair. Consequently, the micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) flow sensor is designed with an 8-μm-thick flexible structure and a 1.4 mm distance between the microheater and downstream electrodes. Testing results show that the fabricated impedance-type micro flow sensor achieves a maximum sensitivity of 8.9 (mΩ/s)/(μm/s) for the 1X PBS flow, while consuming less than 15.8 mW of heating power with a fluid flow up to 750 μm/s. Furthermore, the proposed theoretical model closely aligns with experimental results, confirming its potential as a valuable tool for optimizing impedance-type flow sensors that utilize pulse heating strategies to detect extremely low fluid flow in the future.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"8 12","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1109/LSENS.2024.3490837
Saraswati Kulkarni;Ruma Ghosh
Analysis and understanding of the mixture of volatile organic compound (VOC) sensing are crucial for the development of sensors in conditions closer to real-life applications, such as health care, air quality monitoring, industrial safety, etc. In this study, we investigated the response dynamics of CuO-nanomaterial-based resistive sensors to 25–75 ppm of individual, binary, ternary, and quaternary mixtures of five VOCs—acetone, acetonitrile, isopropanol, methanol, and toluene at 300 °C. The CuO exhibited responses equal to the sum of its steady-state responses to individual VOCs for all the possible combinations of binary and ternary mixtures with 25 ppm of the constituent gases. A systematic study based on the recovery cycle was conducted by retracting the VOCs sequentially from the proximity of CuO surface after recording response cycle. Interestingly, the recovery time constant τ rec was found to follow the order—isopropanol (96.93 – 435.45) ≥ methanol (111.82 – 313.21) > toluene (9.9 – 220.49) > acetonitrile (85.96 – 332.32) > acetone (could not be found) in all binary, ternary, and quaternary mixtures of VOCs, irrespective of the sequence of retraction of the VOCs from the mixture. Also, it was found that VOCs with –OH groups have higher adsorption capacity on the sensing layer as compared to –NH 2 , – C = O, and aromatic VOCs.
{"title":"Investigation of Surface Affinity and Desorption Kinetics of Mixture of Volatile Organic Compounds on CuO-Based Resistive Gas Sensors","authors":"Saraswati Kulkarni;Ruma Ghosh","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2024.3490837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2024.3490837","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis and understanding of the mixture of volatile organic compound (VOC) sensing are crucial for the development of sensors in conditions closer to real-life applications, such as health care, air quality monitoring, industrial safety, etc. In this study, we investigated the response dynamics of CuO-nanomaterial-based resistive sensors to 25–75 ppm of individual, binary, ternary, and quaternary mixtures of five VOCs—acetone, acetonitrile, isopropanol, methanol, and toluene at 300 °C. The CuO exhibited responses equal to the sum of its steady-state responses to individual VOCs for all the possible combinations of binary and ternary mixtures with 25 ppm of the constituent gases. A systematic study based on the recovery cycle was conducted by retracting the VOCs sequentially from the proximity of CuO surface after recording response cycle. Interestingly, the recovery time constant τ\u0000<sub>rec</sub>\u0000 was found to follow the order—isopropanol (96.93 – 435.45) ≥ methanol (111.82 – 313.21) > toluene (9.9 – 220.49) > acetonitrile (85.96 – 332.32) > acetone (could not be found) in all binary, ternary, and quaternary mixtures of VOCs, irrespective of the sequence of retraction of the VOCs from the mixture. Also, it was found that VOCs with –OH groups have higher adsorption capacity on the sensing layer as compared to –NH\u0000<sub>2</sub>\u0000, – C = O, and aromatic VOCs.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"8 12","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this letter, a novel fully flexible piezotronic bipolar junction transistor (n-p-n PBJT) is designed and constructed by configuring two ZnO/Poly(3-hexylthiophene) heterojunction diodes back to back. The n-p-n PBJT acts as a signal-mediated device providing both current and voltage as the outputs. The utilization of the n-p-n PBJT in wearable applications is testified where a unique synergy between energy harvesting and sensing is found. Under mechanical stress, the output signal is amplified (with no preamplifier circuitry), which makes it a proper candidate as a high-performance sensor (voltage-based sensitivity is extracted as 0.49 V/kPa, four times higher than piezotronic p-n heterojunction). As a wearable energy harvester, the output signal is rectified (with no signal regulation circuitry), and it generates a peak output power of 2.9 µW, which is ten times higher than that of the piezotronic p-n diode. The outstanding performance of the n-p-n PBJT provides a new strategy to improve device performance for the emerging application in wearable electronics.
{"title":"A Comparative Study on Synergy Between Energy Harvesting and Pressure Sensing in Piezotronic Heterojunctions","authors":"Zihao Liang;Emad Iranmanesh;Shuxin Lin;Weipeng Xuan;Hang Zhou","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2024.3491581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2024.3491581","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, a novel fully flexible piezotronic bipolar junction transistor (n-p-n PBJT) is designed and constructed by configuring two ZnO/Poly(3-hexylthiophene) heterojunction diodes back to back. The n-p-n PBJT acts as a signal-mediated device providing both current and voltage as the outputs. The utilization of the n-p-n PBJT in wearable applications is testified where a unique synergy between energy harvesting and sensing is found. Under mechanical stress, the output signal is amplified (with no preamplifier circuitry), which makes it a proper candidate as a high-performance sensor (voltage-based sensitivity is extracted as 0.49 V/kPa, four times higher than piezotronic p-n heterojunction). As a wearable energy harvester, the output signal is rectified (with no signal regulation circuitry), and it generates a peak output power of 2.9 µW, which is ten times higher than that of the piezotronic p-n diode. The outstanding performance of the n-p-n PBJT provides a new strategy to improve device performance for the emerging application in wearable electronics.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"8 12","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1109/LSENS.2024.3490658
Qihao Zeng;Mingkun Wang;Yupeng Zhang;Hongyi Lin;Wei Qiao;Dong Sun
Optical path difference is commonly used to adjust the signal of coherent light. Current optical systems typically adjust the transmission distance of the beam or the refractive index of the medium to change the optical path. However, the former approach often involves complex operations, risks of mechanical damage, and difficulties in adjustment, while the latter has a limited adjustment range. This letter proposes a Kerr-fiber-based optical path difference adjustment system. In this system, the Kerr liquid inside the fiber induces a change in birefringence due to the electric field's polarization effect, enabling rapid optical path adjustment. The system adjusts the effective refractive index by applying an external voltage: a 10-V voltage induces a one-cycle change in interference fringes, and increasing the voltage to 50 V results in a 0.1 change in the refractive index, with a minimum adjustment precision of 0.01. Experimental results demonstrate a millisecond-level response rate for the overall system. Comparative tests show that this method is similar to classic adjustment methods but offers simplified operation. In addition, the system exhibits enhanced stability in scenarios requiring rapid and precise adjustments.
光路差通常用于调整相干光的信号。目前的光学系统通常通过调整光束的传输距离或介质的折射率来改变光路。然而，前一种方法往往涉及复杂的操作、机械损坏风险和调整困难，而后一种方法的调整范围有限。本文提出了一种基于克尔光纤的光路差调整系统。在该系统中，光纤内部的克尔液体会因电场的偏振效应而引起双折射变化，从而实现快速光路调整。该系统通过施加外部电压来调整有效折射率：10 V 的电压会引起干涉条纹一个周期的变化，而将电压提高到 50 V 则会导致折射率发生 0.1 的变化，最低调整精度为 0.01。实验结果表明，整个系统的响应速度达到毫秒级。对比测试表明，这种方法与传统的调节方法相似，但操作更简便。此外，在需要快速精确调节的情况下，该系统也表现出更高的稳定性。
{"title":"Optical Path Difference Modulation Method Based on the Kerr Effect","authors":"Qihao Zeng;Mingkun Wang;Yupeng Zhang;Hongyi Lin;Wei Qiao;Dong Sun","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2024.3490658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2024.3490658","url":null,"abstract":"Optical path difference is commonly used to adjust the signal of coherent light. Current optical systems typically adjust the transmission distance of the beam or the refractive index of the medium to change the optical path. However, the former approach often involves complex operations, risks of mechanical damage, and difficulties in adjustment, while the latter has a limited adjustment range. This letter proposes a Kerr-fiber-based optical path difference adjustment system. In this system, the Kerr liquid inside the fiber induces a change in birefringence due to the electric field's polarization effect, enabling rapid optical path adjustment. The system adjusts the effective refractive index by applying an external voltage: a 10-V voltage induces a one-cycle change in interference fringes, and increasing the voltage to 50 V results in a 0.1 change in the refractive index, with a minimum adjustment precision of 0.01. Experimental results demonstrate a millisecond-level response rate for the overall system. Comparative tests show that this method is similar to classic adjustment methods but offers simplified operation. In addition, the system exhibits enhanced stability in scenarios requiring rapid and precise adjustments.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"8 12","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1109/LSENS.2024.3488652
Jair A.Lima Silva;Wesley Costa;Khan Md Mazedul Islam;Jan Kleine Deters;Ewout Bergsma;Helder R. Oliveira Rocha;Patrick Noordhoek;Heinrich Wörtche
Reliability is a constraint of low-power wireless connectivity, commonly addressed by the deployment of mesh topology. Accordingly, power consumption becomes a major concern during the design and implementation of such networks. Thus, a mono-objective optimization was implemented in this work to decrease the total amount of power consumed by a low-power wireless mesh network based on Thread protocol. Using a genetic algorithm, the optimization procedure takes into account a predefined connectivity matrix, in which the possible distances between all network devices are considered. The experimental proof-of-concept shows that a mean gain of 26.45 dB is achievable in a specific scenario. Through our experimental results, we conclude that the Thread mesh protocol has much leeway to meet the low-power consumption requirement of wireless sensor networks.
可靠性是低功耗无线连接的一个制约因素，通常通过部署网状拓扑结构来解决。因此，在此类网络的设计和实施过程中，功耗成为一个主要问题。因此，本研究采用了单目标优化方法，以降低基于 Thread 协议的低功耗无线网状网络的总功耗。优化程序采用遗传算法，考虑了预定义的连接矩阵，其中考虑了所有网络设备之间的可能距离。概念验证实验表明，在特定场景下可实现 26.45 dB 的平均增益。通过实验结果，我们得出结论：Thread 网状协议在满足无线传感器网络的低功耗要求方面有很大的余地。
{"title":"Improving the Power Consumption of Thread Mesh Networks Through Genetic Algorithm Optimization","authors":"Jair A.Lima Silva;Wesley Costa;Khan Md Mazedul Islam;Jan Kleine Deters;Ewout Bergsma;Helder R. Oliveira Rocha;Patrick Noordhoek;Heinrich Wörtche","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2024.3488652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2024.3488652","url":null,"abstract":"Reliability is a constraint of low-power wireless connectivity, commonly addressed by the deployment of mesh topology. Accordingly, power consumption becomes a major concern during the design and implementation of such networks. Thus, a mono-objective optimization was implemented in this work to decrease the total amount of power consumed by a low-power wireless mesh network based on Thread protocol. Using a genetic algorithm, the optimization procedure takes into account a predefined connectivity matrix, in which the possible distances between all network devices are considered. The experimental proof-of-concept shows that a mean gain of 26.45 dB is achievable in a specific scenario. Through our experimental results, we conclude that the Thread mesh protocol has much leeway to meet the low-power consumption requirement of wireless sensor networks.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"8 12","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1109/LSENS.2024.3488560
Hao Jia;Pere Marti-Puig;Cesar F Caiafa;Moises Serra-Serra;Zhe Sun;Jordi Solé-Casals
The large number of greenhouse gas emissions caused by human activities, and their harmful effect on the earth’s climate, have reached a point where actions are needed. Wind energy is one of the available green energies that can be used to mitigate this problem. Predictive maintenance is of vital importance to ensure continuous wind power generation and is typically based on the use of sensor data from all wind turbine systems. But in some cases, data contain outliers or are not available at all due to sensor or system failures. In this letter, we explore the use of tensor completion methods to estimate missing data in this field. Experimental results demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed tensor completion algorithms, especially the high-accuracy low-rank tensor completion (HaLRTC) method, which outperforms the interpolation method used as a reference.
{"title":"Exploring Tensor Completion for Missing Data Estimation in Wind Farms","authors":"Hao Jia;Pere Marti-Puig;Cesar F Caiafa;Moises Serra-Serra;Zhe Sun;Jordi Solé-Casals","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2024.3488560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2024.3488560","url":null,"abstract":"The large number of greenhouse gas emissions caused by human activities, and their harmful effect on the earth’s climate, have reached a point where actions are needed. Wind energy is one of the available green energies that can be used to mitigate this problem. Predictive maintenance is of vital importance to ensure continuous wind power generation and is typically based on the use of sensor data from all wind turbine systems. But in some cases, data contain outliers or are not available at all due to sensor or system failures. In this letter, we explore the use of tensor completion methods to estimate missing data in this field. Experimental results demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed tensor completion algorithms, especially the high-accuracy low-rank tensor completion (HaLRTC) method, which outperforms the interpolation method used as a reference.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"8 12","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1109/LSENS.2024.3487777
Nanshu Wu;Yichong Ren;Pai-Yen Chen
We present an exceptional point (EP)-based temporally modulated wireless passive sensor, surpassing partly the shortcomings of traditional sensor structures, such as energy-consuming, low sensitivity, and hard-to-integrate. For traditional sensors, those factors mentioned above restrict the scope of applications. To address these limitations, temporally modulated EPs are introduced into LC tank sensing topologies. Originating from quantum mechanics, EPs are characterized by the coalescence of a system's complex eigenvalues, leading to considerable frequency splitting in response to minor perturbations. In this letter, comprehensive simulation results validate the feasibility and enhanced performance of this approach, confirming its superiority over existing sensor technologies. The introduction of EP-based wireless sensors equipped with time modulation marks a significant advancement in the field, promising substantial improvements in the sensitivity and accuracy of wireless sensors for a variety of applications.
我们提出了一种基于特殊点（EP）的时间调制无线无源传感器，它在一定程度上克服了传统传感器结构的缺点，如耗能、灵敏度低、难以集成等。对于传统传感器而言，上述因素限制了其应用范围。为了解决这些局限性，我们在液晶槽传感拓扑中引入了时间调制 EP。时间调制 EP 源自量子力学，其特点是系统复特征值的凝聚，从而在响应微小扰动时产生相当大的频率分裂。在这封信中，全面的模拟结果验证了这种方法的可行性和增强性能，证实了它优于现有的传感器技术。基于 EP 的配备时间调制功能的无线传感器的推出标志着该领域的重大进步，有望大幅提高无线传感器的灵敏度和精确度，适用于各种应用。
{"title":"Enhancing the Sensitivity of Wireless LC Sensors Using Time Modulation","authors":"Nanshu Wu;Yichong Ren;Pai-Yen Chen","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2024.3487777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2024.3487777","url":null,"abstract":"We present an exceptional point (EP)-based temporally modulated wireless passive sensor, surpassing partly the shortcomings of traditional sensor structures, such as energy-consuming, low sensitivity, and hard-to-integrate. For traditional sensors, those factors mentioned above restrict the scope of applications. To address these limitations, temporally modulated EPs are introduced into \u0000<italic>LC</i>\u0000 tank sensing topologies. Originating from quantum mechanics, EPs are characterized by the coalescence of a system's complex eigenvalues, leading to considerable frequency splitting in response to minor perturbations. In this letter, comprehensive simulation results validate the feasibility and enhanced performance of this approach, confirming its superiority over existing sensor technologies. The introduction of EP-based wireless sensors equipped with time modulation marks a significant advancement in the field, promising substantial improvements in the sensitivity and accuracy of wireless sensors for a variety of applications.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"8 12","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1109/LSENS.2024.3487009
Lingfeng Shen;Huanran Zhang;Ning Wang;Ying Cui;Xiang Cheng;Xiaomin Mu
The design of timely data collection for a machine-type communication (MTC) network by unmanned-aerial-vehicle (UAV) platform is investigated. The ground-based MTC devices are clustered for efficient service, and the UAV station's deployment in the 3-D space is optimized. The corresponding mission time minimization problem is formulated as a coupled mixed-integer nonlinear program. For tractability, the original problem is decomposed into two subproblems respectively dealing with clustering-hovering optimization and intercluster UAV traveling path minimization. An alternating clustering-hovering optimization (ACH) and ant colony optimization (ACO) solution approach is proposed accordingly. Simulations are conducted to validate the superiority of the proposed ACH–ACO scheme over the scheme based on $k$ -means clustering.
{"title":"Joint Clustering and 3-D UAV Deployment for Delay-Aware UAV-Enabled MTC Data Collection Networks","authors":"Lingfeng Shen;Huanran Zhang;Ning Wang;Ying Cui;Xiang Cheng;Xiaomin Mu","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2024.3487009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2024.3487009","url":null,"abstract":"The design of timely data collection for a machine-type communication (MTC) network by unmanned-aerial-vehicle (UAV) platform is investigated. The ground-based MTC devices are clustered for efficient service, and the UAV station's deployment in the 3-D space is optimized. The corresponding mission time minimization problem is formulated as a coupled mixed-integer nonlinear program. For tractability, the original problem is decomposed into two subproblems respectively dealing with clustering-hovering optimization and intercluster UAV traveling path minimization. An alternating clustering-hovering optimization (ACH) and ant colony optimization (ACO) solution approach is proposed accordingly. Simulations are conducted to validate the superiority of the proposed ACH–ACO scheme over the scheme based on \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$k$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000-means clustering.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"8 12","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-25DOI: 10.1109/LSENS.2024.3486708
Dhanhanjay Pachori;Tapan Kumar Gandhi
This letter presents a new framework for the identification of human emotion states, namely, positive, neutral, and negative, by using the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. The methodology comprises advanced signal processing techniques and machine learning algorithms. The EEG signals were decomposed to various subbands by using the tunable-Q wavelet transform (TQWT). Further, from each subband, features, such as TQWT energy, total Shannon energy, Rényi entropy, Tsallis entropy, and fractal dimension, were extracted. The obtained features were combined and tested on various machine learning classifiers. The proposed method has been validated on the publicly available SJTU Emotion EEG Dataset. The accuracy obtained for human emotion recognition was 86.67% for subject-independent analysis and 88.87% for subject-dependent analysis. Also, we concluded that human emotions could be recognized more efficiently by both audio and visual stimuli as compared to individual audio or visual stimuli based on the channels selection method.
{"title":"Automated Human Emotion Recognition System Using TQWT-Based EEG Subbands","authors":"Dhanhanjay Pachori;Tapan Kumar Gandhi","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2024.3486708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2024.3486708","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a new framework for the identification of human emotion states, namely, positive, neutral, and negative, by using the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. The methodology comprises advanced signal processing techniques and machine learning algorithms. The EEG signals were decomposed to various subbands by using the tunable-Q wavelet transform (TQWT). Further, from each subband, features, such as TQWT energy, total Shannon energy, Rényi entropy, Tsallis entropy, and fractal dimension, were extracted. The obtained features were combined and tested on various machine learning classifiers. The proposed method has been validated on the publicly available SJTU Emotion EEG Dataset. The accuracy obtained for human emotion recognition was 86.67% for subject-independent analysis and 88.87% for subject-dependent analysis. Also, we concluded that human emotions could be recognized more efficiently by both audio and visual stimuli as compared to individual audio or visual stimuli based on the channels selection method.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"8 12","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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