Pub Date : 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1109/LSENS.2025.3646168
Lekshmi V;Jose Joseph
Planar inductive temperature sensors, owing to their CMOS compatibility, in-plane geometry, and inherent scalability, are ideal candidates for compact, low-power, and high-performance applications. Geometry optimization serves as a powerful strategy for fully exploiting the potential of inductive temperature sensors. This research draws on geometry optimization to enhance the sensitivity of planar inductive temperature sensors. Among the various geometries evaluated, the hexagonal geometry with optimized dimensions was identified as the most effective configuration. Analytical design, finite element modeling, and experimental characterization were employed to validate this finding. Further optimization revealed that a large inner diameter with a minimal fill ratio yields the highest inductance change, provided that the separation width between turns is not less than the turn width. These findings offer a robust framework for the development of compact, high-sensitivity inductive sensors for temperature monitoring.
{"title":"Sensitivity Enhancement of CMOS-Compatible Planar Inductive Temperature Sensors via Geometric Optimization","authors":"Lekshmi V;Jose Joseph","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3646168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3646168","url":null,"abstract":"Planar inductive temperature sensors, owing to their CMOS compatibility, in-plane geometry, and inherent scalability, are ideal candidates for compact, low-power, and high-performance applications. Geometry optimization serves as a powerful strategy for fully exploiting the potential of inductive temperature sensors. This research draws on geometry optimization to enhance the sensitivity of planar inductive temperature sensors. Among the various geometries evaluated, the hexagonal geometry with optimized dimensions was identified as the most effective configuration. Analytical design, finite element modeling, and experimental characterization were employed to validate this finding. Further optimization revealed that a large inner diameter with a minimal fill ratio yields the highest inductance change, provided that the separation width between turns is not less than the turn width. These findings offer a robust framework for the development of compact, high-sensitivity inductive sensors for temperature monitoring.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"10 2","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The growing threat of heavy metal ion (HMI) contamination in drinking water calls for highly sensitive, rapid, and field-deployable detection technologies. Here, we report a p-type reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/graded ZnO field-effect transistor (FET) that enables tunable, low-level detection of copper [Cu(II)] and iron [Fe(II)] ions in aqueous media. The vertically aligned ZnO nanorods, synthesized via a seed-layer-assisted CBD method, serve as both the gate dielectric and receptor layer, while rGO functions as the conducting channel. The heterostructured FET demonstrates strong gate-voltage-dependent selectivity, showing a maximum response of $sim$4406% for Cu(II) ions at $V_{GS}$ = –4 V and $sim$4699% for Fe(II) at $V_{GS}$ = –5 V. Low limits of detection of $sim$1.0 ppb for both Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions are achieved experimentally, with rapid response and recovery times of 4 and 3.5 s for Cu(II) ion and 10 and 3 s for Fe(II) ion, respectively. The sensing mechanism is attributed to adsorption-driven reduction of target ions on the ZnO surface, which modulates the interfacial dipole and channel conductivity of the rGO layer. This work establishes a cost-effective, real-time monitoring of multiple HMIs and highlights the potential of graded ZnO–rGO FETs for next-generation environmental water quality assessment.
{"title":"rGO/graded ZnO-Based FET for Tunable Heavy Metal Ion Detection in Water","authors":"Arijit Pattra;Sampurna Mukherjee;Bidesh Mahata;Tanmoy Jana;Sayan Dey","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3646351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3646351","url":null,"abstract":"The growing threat of heavy metal ion (HMI) contamination in drinking water calls for highly sensitive, rapid, and field-deployable detection technologies. Here, we report a p-type reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/graded ZnO field-effect transistor (FET) that enables tunable, low-level detection of copper [Cu(II)] and iron [Fe(II)] ions in aqueous media. The vertically aligned ZnO nanorods, synthesized via a seed-layer-assisted CBD method, serve as both the gate dielectric and receptor layer, while rGO functions as the conducting channel. The heterostructured FET demonstrates strong gate-voltage-dependent selectivity, showing a maximum response of <inline-formula><tex-math>$sim$</tex-math></inline-formula>4406% for Cu(II) ions at <inline-formula><tex-math>$V_{GS}$</tex-math></inline-formula> = –4 V and <inline-formula><tex-math>$sim$</tex-math></inline-formula>4699% for Fe(II) at <inline-formula><tex-math>$V_{GS}$</tex-math></inline-formula> = –5 V. Low limits of detection of <inline-formula><tex-math>$sim$</tex-math></inline-formula>1.0 ppb for both Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions are achieved experimentally, with rapid response and recovery times of 4 and 3.5 s for Cu(II) ion and 10 and 3 s for Fe(II) ion, respectively. The sensing mechanism is attributed to adsorption-driven reduction of target ions on the ZnO surface, which modulates the interfacial dipole and channel conductivity of the rGO layer. This work establishes a cost-effective, real-time monitoring of multiple HMIs and highlights the potential of graded ZnO–rGO FETs for next-generation environmental water quality assessment.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"10 2","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1109/LSENS.2025.3645800
Pammi Guru Krishna Thej;Nusrat Praween;Sreedevi Vallabhapurapu;Srinivasu Vallabhapurapu;Palash Kumar Basu
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) that contain human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) biomarkers are released by both healthy and cancerous cells, presenting substantial potential for the precise detection of numerous disorders, including cancer. To accurately quantify proteins, EVs must initially be separated from serum and then lysed to extract their protein content. Although ultracentrifugation is the predominant isolation technique, it has constraints regarding scalability and repeatability. Furthermore, traditional detergent-based lysis techniques endanger protein stability. This study introduces an innovative method for EV isolation utilizing colloidal gold nanoparticles, succeeded by lysis through sinusoidal electrical stimulation. A nonFaradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) system has been developed utilizing screen-printed electrodes for determining HER2 protein levels. EV isolation was confirmed via western blotting for the EV-associated markers CD63 and HSP70. To promote the lysis of EVs, the EV sample was exposed to sine wave signals of differing amplitudes, with optimal disruption noted between 100 mV and 500 mV. The lysate was examined via EIS, producing a linear behavior from 5 μg/mL to 0.05 ng/mL with a limit of quantification of 0.109 μg/mL in human serum. The developed platform thus proves suitable for quantifying the HER2 protein from breast cancer patients.
{"title":"Colloidal Gold-Assisted Isolation and Electric Lysis of Small Exosomes for Electrochemical Detection of HER2 Cancer Biomarker","authors":"Pammi Guru Krishna Thej;Nusrat Praween;Sreedevi Vallabhapurapu;Srinivasu Vallabhapurapu;Palash Kumar Basu","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3645800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3645800","url":null,"abstract":"Extracellular vesicles (EVs) that contain human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) biomarkers are released by both healthy and cancerous cells, presenting substantial potential for the precise detection of numerous disorders, including cancer. To accurately quantify proteins, EVs must initially be separated from serum and then lysed to extract their protein content. Although ultracentrifugation is the predominant isolation technique, it has constraints regarding scalability and repeatability. Furthermore, traditional detergent-based lysis techniques endanger protein stability. This study introduces an innovative method for EV isolation utilizing colloidal gold nanoparticles, succeeded by lysis through sinusoidal electrical stimulation. A nonFaradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) system has been developed utilizing screen-printed electrodes for determining HER2 protein levels. EV isolation was confirmed via western blotting for the EV-associated markers CD63 and HSP70. To promote the lysis of EVs, the EV sample was exposed to sine wave signals of differing amplitudes, with optimal disruption noted between 100 mV and 500 mV. The lysate was examined via EIS, producing a linear behavior from 5 μg/mL to 0.05 ng/mL with a limit of quantification of 0.109 μg/mL in human serum. The developed platform thus proves suitable for quantifying the HER2 protein from breast cancer patients.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"10 2","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145898203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1109/LSENS.2025.3645422
Utkarsha Wankhade;Danish Ahmad Khan;Khushi Mahule;Manashwi Patle;Madhura Ambadkar;Isha Wele;Jayu Kalambe;Rajesh Pande
Cortisol is a key stress hormone that regulates metabolism, immune response, and various physiological functions, including cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive, and musculoskeletal systems. Imbalances in cortisol levels can lead to severe health complications, emphasizing the need for continuous monitoring. This research presents a novel, portable sensing platform for affordable and selective cortisol detection in artificial saliva. The system utilizes cost-effective, wax-printed micropads on paper-based substrates, forming a compact colorimetric sensor. By leveraging the blue tetrazolium reagent, it detects cortisol through a distinct and quantifiable color change. A 3D-printed black box serves as a controlled detection chamber, eliminating the need for bulky traditional devices. An ESP32 microcontroller processes data from an RGB sensor, precisely analyzing color changes on reagent-coated micropads for accurate cortisol quantification. A deep learning regression model deployed directly on the microcontroller enhances detection accuracy by correlating color intensity with cortisol concentration. The detected cortisol levels are displayed on an OLED screen and sent to a smartphone via Bluetooth for seamless storage, stress monitoring, and advanced analysis. In addition, the system securely stores recorded data for long-term reference. Offering rapid detection within 10 min, the system achieves a detection limit of 1 ng/mL, a wide detection range of 1–800 ng/mL, and an R2 value of 0.96, ensuring high precision. This innovative, noninvasive, and user-friendly platform provides a reliable solution for stress monitoring and serves as a point of care compatible sensing platform.
{"title":"A Portable Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Device for Sensing of Cortisol in Artificial Saliva","authors":"Utkarsha Wankhade;Danish Ahmad Khan;Khushi Mahule;Manashwi Patle;Madhura Ambadkar;Isha Wele;Jayu Kalambe;Rajesh Pande","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3645422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3645422","url":null,"abstract":"Cortisol is a key stress hormone that regulates metabolism, immune response, and various physiological functions, including cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive, and musculoskeletal systems. Imbalances in cortisol levels can lead to severe health complications, emphasizing the need for continuous monitoring. This research presents a novel, portable sensing platform for affordable and selective cortisol detection in artificial saliva. The system utilizes cost-effective, wax-printed micropads on paper-based substrates, forming a compact colorimetric sensor. By leveraging the blue tetrazolium reagent, it detects cortisol through a distinct and quantifiable color change. A 3D-printed black box serves as a controlled detection chamber, eliminating the need for bulky traditional devices. An ESP32 microcontroller processes data from an RGB sensor, precisely analyzing color changes on reagent-coated micropads for accurate cortisol quantification. A deep learning regression model deployed directly on the microcontroller enhances detection accuracy by correlating color intensity with cortisol concentration. The detected cortisol levels are displayed on an OLED screen and sent to a smartphone via Bluetooth for seamless storage, stress monitoring, and advanced analysis. In addition, the system securely stores recorded data for long-term reference. Offering rapid detection within 10 min, the system achieves a detection limit of 1 ng/mL, a wide detection range of 1–800 ng/mL, and an R<sup>2</sup> value of 0.96, ensuring high precision. This innovative, noninvasive, and user-friendly platform provides a reliable solution for stress monitoring and serves as a point of care compatible sensing platform.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145982248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1109/LSENS.2025.3644002
Luigi Di Benedetto;Nicola Rinaldi;Mathias Rommel;Alexander May;Rosalba Liguori;Alfredo Rubino;Gian Domenico Licciardo
A 4H-Silicon Carbide (4H-SiC) complementary to absolute temperature sensor is characterized and analyzed in the operating temperature range between 14 K and 481 K and is based on 4H-SiC diode-connected lateral NMOSFET. It is an integrated circuit compatible with 4H-SiC CMOS technology. The sensor characteristic has a unique linear curve from 481 K down to 150 K, for saturation, or to 100 K, for subthreshold bias regime. In both cases, the linearity is high, with a coefficient of determination, $R^{2}>0.99$, and the sensitivity varies from $-$ 1.98 to $-$ 7.7 mV/K. The analysis shows that the limitation of the single transistor T-sensor, due to the oxide/semiconductor interface traps, is overcome by applying two different bias currents, whereas at very low temperatures, the loss of linearity is due to the increase of the effective channel mobility (saturation) or to the increase of the slope of the single transcharacteristics (subthreshold).
{"title":"A 4H-SiC CTAT Temperature Sensor Operating Between 14 and 481 K","authors":"Luigi Di Benedetto;Nicola Rinaldi;Mathias Rommel;Alexander May;Rosalba Liguori;Alfredo Rubino;Gian Domenico Licciardo","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3644002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3644002","url":null,"abstract":"A 4H-Silicon Carbide (4H-SiC) complementary to absolute temperature sensor is characterized and analyzed in the operating temperature range between 14 K and 481 K and is based on 4H-SiC diode-connected lateral NMOSFET. It is an integrated circuit compatible with 4H-SiC CMOS technology. The sensor characteristic has a unique linear curve from 481 K down to 150 K, for saturation, or to 100 K, for subthreshold bias regime. In both cases, the linearity is high, with a coefficient of determination, <inline-formula><tex-math>$R^{2}>0.99$</tex-math></inline-formula>, and the sensitivity varies from <inline-formula><tex-math>$-$</tex-math></inline-formula> 1.98 to <inline-formula><tex-math>$-$</tex-math></inline-formula> 7.7 mV/K. The analysis shows that the limitation of the single transistor T-sensor, due to the oxide/semiconductor interface traps, is overcome by applying two different bias currents, whereas at very low temperatures, the loss of linearity is due to the increase of the effective channel mobility (saturation) or to the increase of the slope of the single transcharacteristics (subthreshold).","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145830905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1109/LSENS.2025.3644597
Cihun-Siyong Gong;Hsin-Jou Huang;Hao-Li Liu
This letter proposes an advanced platform that can concurrently transmit and receive dual-mode parallelism, as well as instant switching functions, and supports large-scale expansion of air-coupling phase array systems. Unlike most systems in the existing literature that only have emission functions and are limited by low voltage drive, this letter adopts a custom analog high-voltage amplifier circuit that can provide driving voltage up to 40 ${{V}_{pp}}$ while maintaining low power consumption. This letter proposes a system architecture that uses primary–secondary field-programmable gate array series as the core, and is equipped with USB3.0 and serial peripheral interface high-speed communication, which can flexibly support multimodule expansion and achieve array sizes of up to at least 400 channels or more. The actual measurement results show that this system can form a clear, focused sound field at 10 and 20 cm focal lengths, with a maximum sound pressure approaching 5 kPa, and is highly consistent with the simulation results. In addition, the system successfully realizes echo reception and B-mode imaging, verifying the functionality of synchronously running bidirectional operations. Power analysis also proves that under high channel count operation, the system needs only about 20 W of power to maintain a stable output when running 100 channels. Compared with the existing literature, this system has significant advantages in operating voltage, bidirectional function, and power consumption efficiency, providing extremely competitive technological development for air-borne in human–computer interaction, tactile interface, and directional audio applications.
{"title":"Reconfigurable Dual-Mode Airborne Ultrasound Phased Array With Scalable Modular Design","authors":"Cihun-Siyong Gong;Hsin-Jou Huang;Hao-Li Liu","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3644597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3644597","url":null,"abstract":"This letter proposes an advanced platform that can concurrently transmit and receive dual-mode parallelism, as well as instant switching functions, and supports large-scale expansion of air-coupling phase array systems. Unlike most systems in the existing literature that only have emission functions and are limited by low voltage drive, this letter adopts a custom analog high-voltage amplifier circuit that can provide driving voltage up to 40 <inline-formula><tex-math>${{V}_{pp}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> while maintaining low power consumption. This letter proposes a system architecture that uses primary–secondary field-programmable gate array series as the core, and is equipped with USB3.0 and serial peripheral interface high-speed communication, which can flexibly support multimodule expansion and achieve array sizes of up to at least 400 channels or more. The actual measurement results show that this system can form a clear, focused sound field at 10 and 20 cm focal lengths, with a maximum sound pressure approaching 5 kPa, and is highly consistent with the simulation results. In addition, the system successfully realizes echo reception and B-mode imaging, verifying the functionality of synchronously running bidirectional operations. Power analysis also proves that under high channel count operation, the system needs only about 20 W of power to maintain a stable output when running 100 channels. Compared with the existing literature, this system has significant advantages in operating voltage, bidirectional function, and power consumption efficiency, providing extremely competitive technological development for air-borne in human–computer interaction, tactile interface, and directional audio applications.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"10 2","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1109/LSENS.2025.3644412
Jin Wu;Chengxi Zhang
Multi-light detection and ranging (LiDAR) fusion is widely used to increase scene coverage and improve 3-D reconstruction quality, but jointly registering point sets from scanners with different resolutions, scales, fields of view, and noise characteristics remains difficult and directly impacts sensing accuracy. This letter presents a sensor-centric multi-LiDAR joint registration framework, which includes the following. First, it lifts iterative closest points (ICP) to a high-dimensional formulation to jointly align multiple scans with block-structured rotation couplings. Second, it introduces data-driven weighting and a two-stage outlier diagnostics procedure tailored to cross-sensor inconsistencies. Lastly, it performs uncertainty-aware regularization using closed-form covariances for both rotation and translation. The method preserves simple singular value decomposition (SVD)-based updates while explicitly addressing heterogeneous sensor characteristics. Validation on two hardware platforms—a dual 2-D spinning setup (SICK TIM520 and Hokuyo UST10LX) and a dual Ouster OS1128 suite—demonstrates sensor-system-level accuracy gains, reducing accumulated pose error by $text{26.9}{%}text{--}text{40.8}{%}$ relative to representative ICP variants, with run times $!approx !3!$× faster than point-to-plane ICP and $!approx !38!$× faster than Go-ICP (slightly slower than efficient sparse ICP). These results substantiate a direct contribution to sensor systems by improving multi-LiDAR integration robustness, accuracy, and deployment practicality.
{"title":"Multi-LiDAR Registration: A Joint Sensor-Centric Optimization Approach","authors":"Jin Wu;Chengxi Zhang","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3644412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3644412","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-light detection and ranging (LiDAR) fusion is widely used to increase scene coverage and improve 3-D reconstruction quality, but jointly registering point sets from scanners with different resolutions, scales, fields of view, and noise characteristics remains difficult and directly impacts sensing accuracy. This letter presents a sensor-centric multi-LiDAR joint registration framework, which includes the following. First, it lifts iterative closest points (ICP) to a high-dimensional formulation to jointly align multiple scans with block-structured rotation couplings. Second, it introduces data-driven weighting and a two-stage outlier diagnostics procedure tailored to cross-sensor inconsistencies. Lastly, it performs uncertainty-aware regularization using closed-form covariances for both rotation and translation. The method preserves simple singular value decomposition (SVD)-based updates while explicitly addressing heterogeneous sensor characteristics. Validation on two hardware platforms—a dual 2-D spinning setup (SICK TIM520 and Hokuyo UST10LX) and a dual Ouster OS1128 suite—demonstrates sensor-system-level accuracy gains, reducing accumulated pose error by <inline-formula><tex-math>$text{26.9}{%}text{--}text{40.8}{%}$</tex-math></inline-formula> relative to representative ICP variants, with run times <inline-formula><tex-math>$!approx !3!$</tex-math></inline-formula>× faster than point-to-plane ICP and <inline-formula><tex-math>$!approx !38!$</tex-math></inline-formula>× faster than Go-ICP (slightly slower than efficient sparse ICP). These results substantiate a direct contribution to sensor systems by improving multi-LiDAR integration robustness, accuracy, and deployment practicality.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"10 2","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145898234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1109/LSENS.2025.3643315
Mallika Garg;Debashis Ghosh;Pyari Mohan Pradhan
Hand gesture recognition systems often struggles when a gesture is occluded by the hand itself or by the other hand. To address this problem, multiview gestures may be used while training a gesture recognition system. Unfortunately, there are very few datasets available that contains different views of every single gesture. In this letter, we propose a method to handle occlusions in single-view sign gestures by generating multiple views from a single-view gesture using conditional multiview gesture synthesis. The generated views help to solve the occlusion problem, thereby enhancing the recognition performance. In addition, we introduce a vision-based multiview hand gesture recognition framework that utilizes the generated multiview gestures for gesture recognition. Experiments conducted on the HGM-4 dataset demonstrate that the generated images are of high quality, photorealistic, and significantly improve the recognition accuracy compared to some other existing methods.
{"title":"Multiview Hand Gesture Recognition From Generated Gestures Using Conditional Adversarial Network","authors":"Mallika Garg;Debashis Ghosh;Pyari Mohan Pradhan","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3643315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3643315","url":null,"abstract":"Hand gesture recognition systems often struggles when a gesture is occluded by the hand itself or by the other hand. To address this problem, multiview gestures may be used while training a gesture recognition system. Unfortunately, there are very few datasets available that contains different views of every single gesture. In this letter, we propose a method to handle occlusions in single-view sign gestures by generating multiple views from a single-view gesture using conditional multiview gesture synthesis. The generated views help to solve the occlusion problem, thereby enhancing the recognition performance. In addition, we introduce a vision-based multiview hand gesture recognition framework that utilizes the generated multiview gestures for gesture recognition. Experiments conducted on the HGM-4 dataset demonstrate that the generated images are of high quality, photorealistic, and significantly improve the recognition accuracy compared to some other existing methods.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1109/LSENS.2025.3643480
Enming Luo;Xiyou Sun;Xinyu Lu;Lei Wang
In this work, we introduce a new broadband magnetic probe characterized by the dual-component measurement. A new detection structure, which is composed of a pair of horizontal grounded loops and a pair of vertical differential loops, is introduced into the proposed magnetic probe to achieve two orthogonal magnetic-field components. Among them, the horizontal grounded loops are utilized to measure a vertical magnetic-field component (Hx), while the vertical differential loops are used to test a horizontal magnetic-field component (Hy). Moreover, in order to reduce the probe's profile, the ground planes and horizontal ground planes are together printed on the outer layers. A near-field test system with a standard 50 Ω microstrip line is applied to characterize the manufactured magnetic probe. The measured results demonstrate that the transmission coefficients of the probe exceed −46.7 dB in x-direction across the 3 GHz–12 GHz band and are greater than −50 dB in y-direction from 3.1 GHz to 12 GHz. Therefore, the proposed magnetic probe not only has a wide working bandwidth but also enables dual-component magnetic-field measurement.
{"title":"A New Broadband Magnetic Probe with Dual-Component Measurement Features","authors":"Enming Luo;Xiyou Sun;Xinyu Lu;Lei Wang","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3643480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3643480","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we introduce a new broadband magnetic probe characterized by the dual-component measurement. A new detection structure, which is composed of a pair of horizontal grounded loops and a pair of vertical differential loops, is introduced into the proposed magnetic probe to achieve two orthogonal magnetic-field components. Among them, the horizontal grounded loops are utilized to measure a vertical magnetic-field component (<italic>H<sub>x</sub></i>), while the vertical differential loops are used to test a horizontal magnetic-field component (<italic>H<sub>y</sub></i>). Moreover, in order to reduce the probe's profile, the ground planes and horizontal ground planes are together printed on the outer layers. A near-field test system with a standard 50 Ω microstrip line is applied to characterize the manufactured magnetic probe. The measured results demonstrate that the transmission coefficients of the probe exceed −46.7 dB in x-direction across the 3 GHz–12 GHz band and are greater than −50 dB in y-direction from 3.1 GHz to 12 GHz. Therefore, the proposed magnetic probe not only has a wide working bandwidth but also enables dual-component magnetic-field measurement.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1109/LSENS.2025.3643446
Shafaque F. Khan;Arpita Parakh;Sangeeta Palekar;Dinesh Rotake;Jayu Kalambe
A silicon-based chemiresistive aptasensor was developed for sensitive detection of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Using techniques of photolithography and sputtering, interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) having finger spacing of 25 μm and dimensions of 3.4 mm × 2.93 mm were fabricated. The sensing surface was functionalized step-by-step with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and the Sgc8c aptamer for selective target recognition. The sensor demonstrated a significant decrease in resistance upon hybridization with the complementary DNA sequence. Quantitative analysis confirmed, a limit of detection of 6 nM, a broad linear range from 1 nM to 100 μM, a sensitivity of 15.122% per decade and a strong linear correlation R2 = 0.9566. The aptasensor also demonstrated clear specificity against noncomplementary strands and glucose, along with reliable reusability of IDE hardware through repeated functionalization of the IDE platform. These findings highlight the sensor’s potential for precise, real-time detection of leukemia associated DNA sequences.
{"title":"Nanostructured Silicon Aptasensor for Reliable Detection of Leukemia Biomarker","authors":"Shafaque F. Khan;Arpita Parakh;Sangeeta Palekar;Dinesh Rotake;Jayu Kalambe","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3643446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3643446","url":null,"abstract":"A silicon-based chemiresistive aptasensor was developed for sensitive detection of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Using techniques of photolithography and sputtering, interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) having finger spacing of 25 μm and dimensions of 3.4 mm × 2.93 mm were fabricated. The sensing surface was functionalized step-by-step with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and the Sgc8c aptamer for selective target recognition. The sensor demonstrated a significant decrease in resistance upon hybridization with the complementary DNA sequence. Quantitative analysis confirmed, a limit of detection of 6 nM, a broad linear range from 1 nM to 100 μM, a sensitivity of 15.122% per decade and a strong linear correlation R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9566. The aptasensor also demonstrated clear specificity against noncomplementary strands and glucose, along with reliable reusability of IDE hardware through repeated functionalization of the IDE platform. These findings highlight the sensor’s potential for precise, real-time detection of leukemia associated DNA sequences.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145830826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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