The work explores the interactions of hemoglobin (Hb) with noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) to probe its redox activity. Screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) modified with Au, Pt, and Pd NPs exhibit significant improvement in the electrochemical signals of Hb. Differential pulse voltammetry measurements show maximum Fe3+ reduction currents of Hb using AuNP/SPE. Such response is attributed to NP-induced conformational changes in Hb. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy reveals that NPs promote protein unfolding, which leads to exposure of the iron-containing heme group from the hydrophobic pockets of Hb. Surface tension and contact angle analysis of Hb further support such observation. AuNPs induce maximum conformational alterations in Hb, consequently facilitating effective electron transport.
{"title":"Investigating the Impact of Noble Metal Nanoparticle Decorated Electrodes on Electrochemical Sensing of Hemoglobin","authors":"Aindrila Roy;Baishali Basak;Rajdeep Ganguly;Subhadip Chakraborty;Ananya Barui;Rajen Haldar;Sanatan Chattopadhyay","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3638008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3638008","url":null,"abstract":"The work explores the interactions of hemoglobin (Hb) with noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) to probe its redox activity. Screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) modified with Au, Pt, and Pd NPs exhibit significant improvement in the electrochemical signals of Hb. Differential pulse voltammetry measurements show maximum Fe<sup>3+</sup> reduction currents of Hb using AuNP/SPE. Such response is attributed to NP-induced conformational changes in Hb. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy reveals that NPs promote protein unfolding, which leads to exposure of the iron-containing heme group from the hydrophobic pockets of Hb. Surface tension and contact angle analysis of Hb further support such observation. AuNPs induce maximum conformational alterations in Hb, consequently facilitating effective electron transport.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145778369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-27DOI: 10.1109/LSENS.2025.3637753
Xin-Min Pan;Siyuan Yang;Kah Chan Teh;Sirajudeen Gulam Razul;Alex Chichung Kot
The loss of information from occlusions increases the complexity of remote sensing, with vision-based methods failing in situations of full occlusion. Radio frequency (RF) methods in the WiFi spectrum rely on signals that can pass through some obstacles, such as walls, thereby overcoming known limitations of vision-based perception, such as poor lighting and obstruction of the subject. As such, this letter illustrates a proof-of-concept of through-wall human pose estimation (HPE) using WiFi-like signals, proposing a dual-channel transmitter–receiver setup behind two orthogonal walls. Using a matched filter, four sets of data are collected simultaneously, corresponding to two sets of monostatic and bistatic Doppler data. Leveraging the benefits of skip connections in convolutional neural networks, the experiments employ existing deep learning architectures, achieving an average error in the same order of magnitude as state-of-the-art RF HPE methods. The usage of all four sets of data yields a 62.01-mm average error across all joints and actions, and an average error of 73.13 mm for a single-channel setup with just a single set of monostatic Doppler data.
{"title":"Through-Wall Human Pose Estimation With WiFi","authors":"Xin-Min Pan;Siyuan Yang;Kah Chan Teh;Sirajudeen Gulam Razul;Alex Chichung Kot","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3637753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3637753","url":null,"abstract":"The loss of information from occlusions increases the complexity of remote sensing, with vision-based methods failing in situations of full occlusion. Radio frequency (RF) methods in the WiFi spectrum rely on signals that can pass through some obstacles, such as walls, thereby overcoming known limitations of vision-based perception, such as poor lighting and obstruction of the subject. As such, this letter illustrates a proof-of-concept of through-wall human pose estimation (HPE) using WiFi-like signals, proposing a dual-channel transmitter–receiver setup behind two orthogonal walls. Using a matched filter, four sets of data are collected simultaneously, corresponding to two sets of monostatic and bistatic Doppler data. Leveraging the benefits of skip connections in convolutional neural networks, the experiments employ existing deep learning architectures, achieving an average error in the same order of magnitude as state-of-the-art RF HPE methods. The usage of all four sets of data yields a 62.01-mm average error across all joints and actions, and an average error of 73.13 mm for a single-channel setup with just a single set of monostatic Doppler data.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 12","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145729295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-27DOI: 10.1109/LSENS.2025.3637817
Jin Mitsugi;Osamu Tokumasu;Masashi Owaki
This letter presents a novel battery-free wireless strain sensing system consisting of an interrogator and single or multiple streaming sensors. A streaming sensor comprises a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), a commercial off-the-shelf strain gauge, and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Backscatter communication in the 920 MHz band is employed to both power the sensor and to establish communication. The emerging ISO/IEC 18000-65 (FDIS), which supports concurrent backscatter streaming, is adopted as the communication protocol. The ADC sampling rate and the backscatter frequency channel are over-the-air configurable through a glue logic between the RFIC and the ADC. The proposed system was evaluated in an indoor propagation environment. It was experimentally demonstrated that the proposed system can achieve an error free concurrent strain measurement with a measurement resolution in the order of $10^{-5}$ and reading distance of 1.8 m using a 4-W effective isotropic radiation power software defined interrogator.
{"title":"Concurrent Battery-Free Wireless Strain Sensing Using Backscatter Communication","authors":"Jin Mitsugi;Osamu Tokumasu;Masashi Owaki","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3637817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3637817","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a novel battery-free wireless strain sensing system consisting of an interrogator and single or multiple streaming sensors. A streaming sensor comprises a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), a commercial off-the-shelf strain gauge, and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Backscatter communication in the 920 MHz band is employed to both power the sensor and to establish communication. The emerging ISO/IEC 18000-65 (FDIS), which supports concurrent backscatter streaming, is adopted as the communication protocol. The ADC sampling rate and the backscatter frequency channel are over-the-air configurable through a glue logic between the RFIC and the ADC. The proposed system was evaluated in an indoor propagation environment. It was experimentally demonstrated that the proposed system can achieve an error free concurrent strain measurement with a measurement resolution in the order of <inline-formula><tex-math>$10^{-5}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and reading distance of 1.8 m using a 4-W effective isotropic radiation power software defined interrogator.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 12","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145674801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This letter designs and implements a passive wireless resonant frequency testing system of sensors based on point frequency measurement technology, aiming to address the issues of high hardware costs and excessive power consumption in traditional sweep-frequency techniques for wireless sensor networks. The system achieved rapid resonance frequency calibration through fixed-frequency excitation, optimized impedance matching circuit design, and efficient coordination of RF transceiver modules. In order to estimate the performance of the passive wireless test system, it is used as an LC-resonant sensor for displacement and pressure detection. Displacement tests revealed a linear frequency tuning characteristic of −2.33 MHz/mm; pressure tests exhibited nonlinear sensitivity, showing a sensitivity of −1.25 MHz/N in the low-pressure region (0–20 N) and −0.04 MHz/N in the high-pressure region (20–100 N). Test results confirmed reduced power consumption, a significantly improved signal-to-noise ratio, a frequency measurement standard deviation of 1.47 MHz, and a maximum frequency offset of 3.36 MHz compared to traditional sweep-frequency approaches. This letter provides a feasible technical solution for low-cost, high-precision monitoring in wireless sensor networks.
{"title":"Design and Application of Passive Wireless Testing System","authors":"Junzhe Shen;Huiyang Yu;Junjie Zhang;Chentao Wang;Jianqiu Huang","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3637757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3637757","url":null,"abstract":"This letter designs and implements a passive wireless resonant frequency testing system of sensors based on point frequency measurement technology, aiming to address the issues of high hardware costs and excessive power consumption in traditional sweep-frequency techniques for wireless sensor networks. The system achieved rapid resonance frequency calibration through fixed-frequency excitation, optimized impedance matching circuit design, and efficient coordination of RF transceiver modules. In order to estimate the performance of the passive wireless test system, it is used as an <italic>LC</i>-resonant sensor for displacement and pressure detection. Displacement tests revealed a linear frequency tuning characteristic of −2.33 MHz/mm; pressure tests exhibited nonlinear sensitivity, showing a sensitivity of −1.25 MHz/N in the low-pressure region (0–20 N) and −0.04 MHz/N in the high-pressure region (20–100 N). Test results confirmed reduced power consumption, a significantly improved signal-to-noise ratio, a frequency measurement standard deviation of 1.47 MHz, and a maximum frequency offset of 3.36 MHz compared to traditional sweep-frequency approaches. This letter provides a feasible technical solution for low-cost, high-precision monitoring in wireless sensor networks.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145830976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-25DOI: 10.1109/LSENS.2025.3636894
Sukanya Mahalik;Bidesh Mahata;Sayan Dey
In this work, we demonstrated an MoS$_{2}$/Graphene oxide (GO) inverted back-gated thin-film transistor (TFT) for selective detection of NO$_{x}$ in dual-operational regimes. Few-layered MoS$_{2}$ was synthesized by liquid exfoliation technique while GO was synthesized by the modified Hummer’s method. The as-fabricated device was exposed to calculated concentrations of NO and NO$_{2}$ gases varying from 1 to 30 ppm, and its sensing performance was analyzed. The device demonstrated a distinct region-dependent selectivity under ambient conditions (300 K), detecting NO in the saturation region at V$_{GS}$ of −1 V and a V$_{DS}$ of −4.5 V, achieving a maximum response of 58% at 30 ppm of NO. In contrast, a highly selective response to NO$_{2}$ under similar gate bias conditions was observed in the linear region, with a V$_{DS}$ of −2 V, a response of 40% at 30 ppm of NO$_{2}$. The limit of detection for NO and NO$_{2}$ at the abovementioned optimized conditions was found to be 27.5 and 195 ppb, respectively. Hence, the proposed device, with its region-based sensing capabilities, offers a cost-effective and low-power alternative to traditional gas sensor arrays by reducing the effective device dimensions and associated design complexities.
{"title":"An MoS$_{2}$/GO-Based Thin-Film Transistor for Region-Dependent Tunable Detection of NO$_{x}$ Gases","authors":"Sukanya Mahalik;Bidesh Mahata;Sayan Dey","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3636894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3636894","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we demonstrated an MoS<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>/Graphene oxide (GO) inverted back-gated thin-film transistor (TFT) for selective detection of NO<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{x}$</tex-math></inline-formula> in dual-operational regimes. Few-layered MoS<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> was synthesized by liquid exfoliation technique while GO was synthesized by the modified Hummer’s method. The as-fabricated device was exposed to calculated concentrations of NO and NO<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> gases varying from 1 to 30 ppm, and its sensing performance was analyzed. The device demonstrated a distinct region-dependent selectivity under ambient conditions (300 K), detecting NO in the saturation region at V<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{GS}$</tex-math></inline-formula> of −1 V and a V<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{DS}$</tex-math></inline-formula> of −4.5 V, achieving a maximum response of 58% at 30 ppm of NO. In contrast, a highly selective response to NO<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> under similar gate bias conditions was observed in the linear region, with a V<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{DS}$</tex-math></inline-formula> of −2 V, a response of 40% at 30 ppm of NO<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. The limit of detection for NO and NO<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> at the abovementioned optimized conditions was found to be 27.5 and 195 ppb, respectively. Hence, the proposed device, with its region-based sensing capabilities, offers a cost-effective and low-power alternative to traditional gas sensor arrays by reducing the effective device dimensions and associated design complexities.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145729332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-24DOI: 10.1109/LSENS.2025.3636670
Thurimerla Prasanth;Ram Prasad Padhy;B Sivaselvan
Sensors play a fundamental role in sensing the environment for autonomous vehicle perception, providing accurate and reliable data essential for understanding and navigating the surroundings. LiDAR sensors are widely used for their ability to generate detailed 3-D point cloud data of the surroundings. Bird’s-Eye View (BEV) detection utilizes these point cloud data to identify objects, such as cars and cyclists, from a top–down perspective. This LiDAR sensor-based perception approach is essential for understanding complex environments and ensuring safe navigation in real-time driving scenarios. This letter presents DSFNet, a compact LiDAR-only network for BEV perception. The model integrates an efficient pillar-based encoder with a proposed dual-scale fusion (DSF) backbone, designed to mitigate performance and complexity issues associated with LiDAR sensors. The backbone reduces parameter count by approximately 50% compared to standard architectures while maintaining competitive detection accuracy. By capturing both local detail and global context, DSFNet enhances feature representation for sparse and irregular LiDAR data. Evaluations on the official KITTI BEV benchmark demonstrate strong performance in car and cyclist detection, highlighting suitability for real-time sensor-driven applications.
{"title":"LiDAR Sensor-Based Dual-Scale Fusion Approach for Bird’s-Eye View Sensing in Autonomous Vehicles","authors":"Thurimerla Prasanth;Ram Prasad Padhy;B Sivaselvan","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3636670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3636670","url":null,"abstract":"Sensors play a fundamental role in sensing the environment for autonomous vehicle perception, providing accurate and reliable data essential for understanding and navigating the surroundings. LiDAR sensors are widely used for their ability to generate detailed 3-D point cloud data of the surroundings. Bird’s-Eye View (BEV) detection utilizes these point cloud data to identify objects, such as cars and cyclists, from a top–down perspective. This LiDAR sensor-based perception approach is essential for understanding complex environments and ensuring safe navigation in real-time driving scenarios. This letter presents DSFNet, a compact LiDAR-only network for BEV perception. The model integrates an efficient pillar-based encoder with a proposed dual-scale fusion (DSF) backbone, designed to mitigate performance and complexity issues associated with LiDAR sensors. The backbone reduces parameter count by approximately 50% compared to standard architectures while maintaining competitive detection accuracy. By capturing both local detail and global context, DSFNet enhances feature representation for sparse and irregular LiDAR data. Evaluations on the official KITTI BEV benchmark demonstrate strong performance in car and cyclist detection, highlighting suitability for real-time sensor-driven applications.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-24DOI: 10.1109/LSENS.2025.3636592
Thomas L. Hackett;Remco G.P. Sanders;Dennis Alveringh;Jurriaan Schmitz
A thermal anemometer was industrially fabricated without any preprocessing, coprocessing, or postprocessing for the first time. The total sensor footprint is only $0.245 ,mathrm{m}mathrm{m}^{2},$ using TSMC’s $65$-$mathrm{n}mathrm{m}$ CMOS process. The dual-mode anemometer measures wind speeds up to $1.2 ,mathrm{m}mathrm{/}mathrm{s}$ with a precision of $3.1 ,%$ (or $0.037 ,mathrm{m}mathrm{/}mathrm{s}$) calorimetrically. Alternatively, using the second hot-element mode, the sensor measures in the range of 0–7.5 ms$^{-1}$ with a $0.1 ,mathrm{m}mathrm{/}mathrm{s}$ accuracy and an average $1.34 ,%$ precision. This is the first industrially fabricated thermopile-based CMOS anemometer, paving the way for a compact foundry SoC with inbuilt underlying computing for low-cost air speed monitoring.
{"title":"A Dual-Mode Anemometer Fabricated in 65-nm CMOS BEOL Without Postprocessing","authors":"Thomas L. Hackett;Remco G.P. Sanders;Dennis Alveringh;Jurriaan Schmitz","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3636592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3636592","url":null,"abstract":"A thermal anemometer was industrially fabricated without any preprocessing, coprocessing, or postprocessing for the first time. The total sensor footprint is only <inline-formula><tex-math>$0.245 ,mathrm{m}mathrm{m}^{2},$</tex-math></inline-formula> using TSMC’s <inline-formula><tex-math>$65$</tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula><tex-math>$mathrm{n}mathrm{m}$</tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS process. The dual-mode anemometer measures wind speeds up to <inline-formula><tex-math>$1.2 ,mathrm{m}mathrm{/}mathrm{s}$</tex-math></inline-formula> with a precision of <inline-formula><tex-math>$3.1 ,%$</tex-math></inline-formula> (or <inline-formula><tex-math>$0.037 ,mathrm{m}mathrm{/}mathrm{s}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) calorimetrically. Alternatively, using the second hot-element mode, the sensor measures in the range of 0–7.5 ms<inline-formula><tex-math>$^{-1}$</tex-math></inline-formula> with a <inline-formula><tex-math>$0.1 ,mathrm{m}mathrm{/}mathrm{s}$</tex-math></inline-formula> accuracy and an average <inline-formula><tex-math>$1.34 ,%$</tex-math></inline-formula> precision. This is the first industrially fabricated thermopile-based CMOS anemometer, paving the way for a compact foundry SoC with inbuilt underlying computing for low-cost air speed monitoring.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11267055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145778233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-24DOI: 10.1109/LSENS.2025.3635864
Danilo Fernandes Gomes;Beatriz Brusamarello;Guilherme Heim Weber;Yannik Schick;Daniel Rodrigues Pipa;Marco José da Silva;Jean Carlos Cardozo da Silva;Sérgio Taveira de Camargo Júnior;Manoel Feliciano da Silva Junior;Cicero Martelli
This letter presents a hybrid approach for distributed temperature measurement, integrating a distributed temperature sensing (DTS) system, based on Raman backscattering, and distributed temperature gradient sensing (DTGS), based on Rayleigh backscattering. The proposed adaptive fusion algorithm integrates the accumulated average of the DTS signals with the fast variations captured by the DTGS, enabling the reconstruction of thermal profiles with enhanced accuracy and capacity for absolute measurements and fast temporal response. The approach was experimentally validated in a controlled thermal environment, demonstrating good agreement with reference sensors and standing out for its stability and sensitivity. The findings suggest that the DTS/DTGS fusion represents a promising solution for applications necessitating distributed thermal measurements with high reliability.
{"title":"Absolute Distributed Temperature Measurement With $upmu$K Noise Level and Fast Response via Raman/Rayleigh Backscattering DTS/DTGS Data Fusion","authors":"Danilo Fernandes Gomes;Beatriz Brusamarello;Guilherme Heim Weber;Yannik Schick;Daniel Rodrigues Pipa;Marco José da Silva;Jean Carlos Cardozo da Silva;Sérgio Taveira de Camargo Júnior;Manoel Feliciano da Silva Junior;Cicero Martelli","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3635864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3635864","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a hybrid approach for distributed temperature measurement, integrating a distributed temperature sensing (DTS) system, based on Raman backscattering, and distributed temperature gradient sensing (DTGS), based on Rayleigh backscattering. The proposed adaptive fusion algorithm integrates the accumulated average of the DTS signals with the fast variations captured by the DTGS, enabling the reconstruction of thermal profiles with enhanced accuracy and capacity for absolute measurements and fast temporal response. The approach was experimentally validated in a controlled thermal environment, demonstrating good agreement with reference sensors and standing out for its stability and sensitivity. The findings suggest that the DTS/DTGS fusion represents a promising solution for applications necessitating distributed thermal measurements with high reliability.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145778241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-24DOI: 10.1109/LSENS.2025.3636752
Priyanka Dutta;Mantasha Malik;Anukriti Bharadwaj;J. S. Tawale;Govind Gupta
In this letter, we present a highly sensitive and selective nitric oxide (NO) gas sensor developed from liquid-exfoliated molybdenum diselenide (MoSe$_{text{2}}$) nanosheets. The exfoliated MoSe$_{text{2}}$ nanosheets showed an incredible increase in resistance upon exposure to NO gas, thus showing n-type behavior. The sensor demonstrated a remarkable sensor response (Rg/Ra) of 290 in the presence of 25 parts per million (ppm) NO gas at room temperature, along with rapid response and recovery times of 9.5 and 9.2 s, respectively. It also exhibited excellent reproducibility and impressive selectivity against various gases at room temperature. Furthermore, we have utilized biodegradable polymers, such as PVA and PEG, to prepare their nanocomposites, which are expected to have reduced toxicity compared to the bare nanosheets. Although we observed a decrease in sensor response with the nanocomposite (Rg/Ra = 235), the response and recovery times (4.5 and 5.1 s) showed significant improvement in the presence of 25 ppm NO. These findings highlight the potential of MoSe$_{text{2}}$-based gas sensors as a promising material for enhanced and selective monitoring of NO gas under ambient conditions.
{"title":"Fabrication of MoSe2/MoSe2 Nanocomposite-Based Highly Sensitive Gas Sensors for Room Temperature Detection of NO Gas at ppb Level","authors":"Priyanka Dutta;Mantasha Malik;Anukriti Bharadwaj;J. S. Tawale;Govind Gupta","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3636752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3636752","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we present a highly sensitive and selective nitric oxide (NO) gas sensor developed from liquid-exfoliated molybdenum diselenide (MoSe<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{text{2}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) nanosheets. The exfoliated MoSe<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{text{2}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> nanosheets showed an incredible increase in resistance upon exposure to NO gas, thus showing n-type behavior. The sensor demonstrated a remarkable sensor response (Rg/Ra) of 290 in the presence of 25 parts per million (ppm) NO gas at room temperature, along with rapid response and recovery times of 9.5 and 9.2 s, respectively. It also exhibited excellent reproducibility and impressive selectivity against various gases at room temperature. Furthermore, we have utilized biodegradable polymers, such as PVA and PEG, to prepare their nanocomposites, which are expected to have reduced toxicity compared to the bare nanosheets. Although we observed a decrease in sensor response with the nanocomposite (Rg/Ra = 235), the response and recovery times (4.5 and 5.1 s) showed significant improvement in the presence of 25 ppm NO. These findings highlight the potential of MoSe<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{text{2}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-based gas sensors as a promising material for enhanced and selective monitoring of NO gas under ambient conditions.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145729453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-24DOI: 10.1109/LSENS.2025.3636230
Safeer S S;Nani Simhadri;Anoop C S;Vineeth B S;Radhika V N
This letter presents the design and evaluation of simple and optimized linearizing circuit for thermistors. The proposed scheme employs a dual-mode, switched operational amplifier-based circuit that generates an output using the thermistor and a pair of linearizing resistors. The proposed setup intelligently controls the individual mode outputs based on the duty cycle of the control pulse. In addition, the design incorporates a low-pass filter (LPF) to provide a weighted average of the dual-mode outputs. It has been shown that the LPF output possesses a linear dependence on the input temperature. To achieve best performance of the aforesaid duty-ratio-based thermistor linearizer (DTL), a constrained parameter optimization problem is formulated with the nonlinearity as an objective function. The duty-ratio and other circuit parameters of the DTL are optimized with the help of a differential evolution algorithm. The proposed linearizer circuit provides better output linearity over a broad temperature span than prior art. The letter then proceeds to the performance studies of DTL. Hardware studies are carried out using synthesized thermistors and actual thermistors in a climatic chamber. The experimental studies reveal that the developed DTL achieves excellent nonlinearity (=0.256%) performance with a commercial thermistor over 0 $^{circ }$C to 120 $^{circ }$C.
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